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Comparative analysis of the effects of

cocopeat and vermicompost as fertilizer on the


growth of pechay

Research paper

presented to

the faculty of

Bicol Central Academy

In partial fulfillment of the requirement in the Research Project

Arcino, Jade B
CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Various studies have concluded that the agriculture industry is


unsustainable, given the current development objective is focused on feeding an
ever-increasing population. It loses sight of the harmful effects it has on the
environment, notably on soil health. Land use is optimized using technologies
and management approaches that do not meet sustainability requirements. The
current agricultural practice is largely chemical-based farming, which contributes
significantly to the destruction of our natural resources, particularly soils.
Fertilizer overuse has contaminated surface and groundwater resources (dela
Cruz, 2006).

Growing vegetables has been a tradition in every country for millennia.


Vegetables are a vital component of every diet. Aside from helping us meet our
vitamin, mineral, and protein needs, they also provide farmers with a steady
source of revenue (Chauburg, 1984 as cited by Torrefiel, 2006). Growing
vegetables generates a better income than other crops since growers can
produce more harvests in a shorter period of time from a small space.

Pechay (Brassica napus L.), a member of the Brassiceae family, is one of


the Philippines' most well-known vegetables. It is also regarded as one of Asia's
earliest green veggies. As a result, it plays a major part in both the Philippine
economy and the Filipino people's nutrition. Pechay is mostly used for its soft,
young, yet completely developed leaves. The succulent petioles are frequently
chosen. Soups and stir-fried dishes contain it as a primary ingredient.

One of the most popular cultural management strategies in vegetable


production is fertilizer application utilizing either inorganic or organic fertilizer
sources. According to Lampkin (1990), referenced by Masarirambi (2010),
inorganic fertilizers have been and continue to be used in commercial and
subsistence farming to grow crops. Vermicompost and cocopeat will be employed
in this study to see which is more effective on pechay growth and yield
performance (Brassica napus L.). Masarirambi (2010, Masarirambi, Masarirambi,
Masarirambi, Masarirambi,

Pechay (Brassica napus L. var. Black Behi) is an important vegetable crop that is
high in vitamin C and has a number of other nutrients substantial levels of
nitrogen molecules called as indoles, as well as fiber—both of which are present
in significant amounts to reduce the incidence of cancer in several kinds. It has
been carefully grown to produce a plant that is resistant to disease has a life
cycle of 30-45 days, which is quite short (Acero, 2013).

Crop production fertilizer research has previously concentrated on both organic


and inorganic forms. Only a few studies have been conducted. Plant reactions to
solid and liquid fertilizers, as well as different techniques of fertilization, were
studied application. As a result, the focus of this research was on the
consequences of using various types and amounts of organic and natural
products inorganic fertilizers applied in various ways to the growth and output of
Pechay and to see if there are any significant changes between and among
treatments

Vermicompost has regularly shown to be favorable to plant growth regardless of


the environment transformations of nutrients and their availability (Dominguez &
Gomez-Brandon, 2012). Theunissen and colleagues (2010) discovered that
vermicompost included N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, and other plant nutrients
Cu and B, whose intake aided plant nutrition, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll
production.

It increases the nutrient content of the leaves and improves the nutritious
content of the various plant components (roots, stems, etc.) (both the shoots
and the fruits).

Vermicomposting (from the Latin vermis, "worm") is a mesophilic process in


which earthworms (active at 10–32°C) and mesophilic bacteria work together to
convert organic wastes into vermicompost, a valuable end product

Composting, on the other hand, is the controlled breakdown of organic waste by


microbes, in which the organic material goes through a thermophilic stage that
allows the waste to be sanitized by eliminating pathogenic germs. Organic
carbon 9.5–17.98 percent, Nitrogen 0.5–1.50 percent, Phosphorous 0.1–0.30
percent, Potassium 0.15–0.56 percent, Sodium 0.06–0.30 percent, Calcium and
Magnesium 0.06–0.30 percent, Vermicompost is considered an ideal manure for
organic agriculture because it is nutrient-rich and contains high-quality humus,
plant growth hormones, enzymes, and substances that can protect crops against
pests and diseases.

The pith within a coconut husk is used to make coco peat soil. Its antifungal
properties make it a great seed starter, but it's also used in rugs, ropes, brushes,
and as stuffing. In addition to gardening, coco peat is used as a soil additive,
potting mix, and in hydroponics. Because coco coir is so environmentally
beneficial, it can be reused. It will function flawlessly again after a quick rinse
and strain. When coco peat is compared to soil, the peat stores far more water
and releases it gradually to plant roots. Potassium, zinc, iron, manganese, and
copper are all present in abundance. (Certified Urban Agriculturist Bonnie L.
Grant)

Our research demonstrates the beauty of various fertilizers, and I believe they
are both good and bad for the crop, as well as the farmer who utilizes them. I
can see the beauty and distinctiveness of the two fertilizers right here. Is my
cocopeat crop truly fatter and better, or is it really better to use vermicompost as
a fertilizer? This is only one of the queries asked by farmers who use various
fertilizers.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to show the Comparative analysis of the effects of cocopeat
and vermicompost as fertilizer on the growth of pechay

1. Which is more effective to use as fertilizer in pechay the Vermicompost or


cocopeat?
2. What fertilizer and more often used by farmers?
3. What is the negative effect of cocopeat and vermicompost as fertilizer n
the growth of pechay?
4. What are the characteristics of pechay in terms of?
a. Cocopeat
b. vermicompost

Objective of the Study

Most specifically this study aims to determine the difference of effectiveness


between the cocopeat and vermicompost as organic fertilizers for pechay in
terms of;

1. Height of plant
2. Weight of plant
3. Growth of plant
Assumption of the Study

1. The effectiveness between Vermicompost and Coco peat fertilizer in terms of


the number of leaves varies

2. The achievement between Vermicompost and Coco peat fertilizer in terms of


height and weight of the experimented plant ( Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis)
varies

Hypothesis of the Study

The following hypothesis was tested for significance and rejection. There is a
significant difference in the growth of pechay (Brassica Rapa) using cocopeat
and vermicompost as fertilizer and there is no significant difference in the growth
of pechay (Brassica Rapa) using cocopeat and vermicompost as fertilizer. The
farmers have different decisions to make when it comes to purchasing. They
choices may differ according to their perceptions, reasons of purchasing a
fertilizer, and interests in plants. There are also many factors that influence
farmers to use vermicompost as fertilizer. Farmers spend a lot of time and effort
caring for and producing their crops, so it's crucial for them to be able to do so in
a plentiful and nutritious manner, so they'll have things to consider, such as
whether to use cocopeat or vermicompost as a fertilizer.

Significance of the Study

Farmers/Plantsman. This research will provide them with more knowledge


about an organic fertilizer that is effective in pechay ( Brassica Rapa) and, more
significantly, is very convenient for them to use.

Community. As one of the study's beneficiaries, a community will be provided


information on a more healthy and non-chemical fertilizer so that they won't
have to waste so much money on expensive fertilizer, and it will benefit not just
the pechay (Brassica Rapa) but also the community that is growing it.
Environment. This research will aid the environment in reducing the use of
artificial fertilizers, which have the potential to harm our natural ecosystem.
Organic fertilizer is a natural compound that can be used in place of chemicals
that deplete natural resources.

Future researchers. This research will aid future researchers in understanding


the mechanisms involved in the production of organic fertilizers, notably
vermicompost and cocopeat. It would assist them in becoming a better analyst,
as well as serve as a future reference for more research.

Definition of Terms

Cocopeat – (cocopeat), Coir is created from coconut husk, which is a byproduct


of various industries that use coconuts. It is also known as coir pith, coir fiber
pith, coir dust, or just coir. The coir fiber pith or coir dust, which is formed by
processing coconut husk and extracting the long fibers, is the main component
of cocopeat. The cocopeat that is obtained has the ability to hold enormous
amounts of water, much like a sponge. It's utilized as a soil-free substrate for
plant cultivation or as a replacement for traditional peat in soil combinations.
Crop - Crops are plants or animals that can be produced and harvested in large
quantities for profit or sustenance. Crops can refer to either the harvested
portions or a refined version of the harvest. The majority of crops are grown in
agriculture or aquaculture.
Fertilizer - a natural or synthetic substance that contains chemical components
that help plants grow and produce more. Fertilizers may improve the soil's
inherent fertility or replace the chemical ingredients removed by previous crops.
Macronutrients-These are the nutrients that plants require in significant
quantities. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, and
potassium are among them. The elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen come
from the air and water, whereas the others come from the soil.
Organic- can refer to foods grown without the use of artificial pesticides or
fertilizers, and it can also refer to foods that are "healthy" or "near to nature."
Organic also refers to living creatures or material derived from living things in
other contexts.
Vermicompost- is a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding
materials, and vermicast created by a decomposition process involving several
kinds of worms, most commonly red wigglers, white worms, and other
earthworms. This is known as vermicomposting, and the practice of raising
worms for this purpose is known as vermiculture.
Topsoil- The topsoil is the soil's uppermost layer, usually 5–10 inches (13–25
cm). It contains the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms,
and it hosts the majority of biological soil activity on the planet. Mineral particles,
organic materials, water, and air make up topsoil.

Review of Related Literature

According to Norman Q. Arancon and Clive A. Edwards, Soil Ecology


Laboratory, The Ohio States University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.

Vermicomposting is a composting procedure that can promote the beneficial


usage of organic wastes. It is a non-thermophilic process in which organic matter
is transformed into rich soil amendments by earthworms and microorganisms,
considerably increasing microbial activity and nutrient availability.

Vermicompost are materials created by earthworms and microorganisms


accelerating the biological decomposition of organic wastes. Earthworms absorb
and split organic wastes into finer particles by passing them through a grinding
gizzard, then eat bacteria that develop on them for nutrition. The process speeds
up the degradation of organic matter and changes the material's physical and
chemical properties, resulting in a humification effect in which the unstable
organic matter is completely oxidized and stabilized (Albenell et al.,1988; Orozco
et al,.1996). Through the fragmentation of the parent organic material by
earthworm sand colonization by microorganisms, the end result, referred to as
vermicompost, is substantially humified (Eward and Neuhauser; Edwards, 1998).

Synthesis

The data acquired from comparable studies demonstrates their


comparability and provides considerable insight into the study.

According to Arancon et al., 2005, vermicompost improves crop growth; pig


waste was larger and more mature after being placed on vermicompost. Because
Vavrina et al., 2002 stated that coco peat has a high-water holding capacity and
has traditionally been used to improve the physical and chemical properties of
soil, the use of coco peat in fertilizing tomato has been investigated and found
that cocopeat produced the greatest height plant, number of fruits, and number
of seeds.

Scope and Limitation of the Study


This study focuses on the effects of vermicompost and cocopeat as an organic
fertilizer on the growth of pechay. The researcher will use a not-fertilized pechay
plant in the experiment by any organic fertilizer. This unfertilized pechay plant
will be the basis for how the two organic fertilizers ( vermicompost and cocopeat)
affect the growth performance of the pechay plant. Topsoil is the kind of soil that
the researcher will use to plant the pechay. Topsoil can be found commonly in
our neighborhood and it is more convenient for the student researcher who will
conduct this experiment. This will be conducted at Bahay, Libmanan Camarines
Sur.

Theoretical Framework

Morgan Kelly's theory of smart plants states that plants can actively behave in
ways that benefit them while also determining the productivity and composition
of their environment. This theory is relevant to the current study because the
researcher will test how the pechay plant (Brassica ripa) reacts to organic
fertilizers (Vermicompost and Cocopeat).

The great Charles Darwin established that earthworms turned the


soil and made it more fruitful in his earthworm theory. Gardeners in the
nineteenth century assumed the worms were pests, thus this was a startling
discovery. Because vermicomposting is done by the earthworms themselves, it is
plainly relevant to the current investigation. Lat Archives' organic composting
theory asserted, among other things, that consciousness is determined by one's
relationship to the tools of production. This could refer to the process of
producing plants through the breakdown of organic fertilizers (Vermicompost and
Cocopeat), as well as the plant-fertilizer interaction that was purposefully set
during the experiment.
Theoretical Paradigm

Theory of Smart Plants


-MORRGAN KELLY
The organic (2015)
Theory- by LAT
ARCHIVES

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF
COCOPEAT AND
VERMICOMPSOST AS
ORGANIC FERTILIZER THE
GROWTH OF PECHAY

The Earthworm
Theory CHARLES
DARWIN (1881)
CHAPTER 2

Conceptual Framework

The growth of pechay (Brassica Rapa) in soil culture and fertilizers is Cocopeat
and Vermicompost.

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the study.

INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT

T1- control group (soil


culture)
T2- Soil with 100%
Vermicompost, The growth and yeild
vermicopost
Cocopeat of pechay under soil
T3-Soil with 100% culture and fertilizer
Pechay (Brassica cocopeat which is cocopeat and
Rapa) seedlings vermicompost
T4- Soil with 50%
vermicompost
T5- Soil culture with
50% cocopeat
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

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