AN1657

APPLICATION NOTE

SMPS FOR CRT MONITORS WITH THE L6565

by Claudio Adragna

This note shows and discusses a couple of designs of a 90W wide-range-mains SMPS for CRT monitor
based on the QR controller L6565. The first design refers to a low-cost SMPS that meets current Ener-
gyStar® requirements on OFF-mode consumption (Pin<2W). The second design is an evolution of the
first one so as to be compliant with IEA's "1W initiative". Both have been realized and tested on the
bench. The result of their evaluation is presented along with some significant waveforms.

Design Specification
The typical electrical specification of an SMPS of a 17" CRT monitor for PC is summarized in table 1. Two
goals concerning the off-mode consumption of the SMPS have been set: the first one is to meet the
present EnergyStar® requirements, which envisage less than 2W absorbed from the mains; the second
more ambitious goal is to comply with IEA's "1W initiative" as well as to be eligible for GEEA label. Both
voluntary standards require to achieve a power consumption below 1W.
Table 1. 90W SMPS for CRT monitor: electrical specification
Input Voltage Range (Vin) 88 to 264 Vac
Mains Frequency (fL) 50/60 Hz
Maximum Output Power (Pout) 92 W
Vout = 200V ± 3%
Horizontal Deflection Iout = 0.33A
Full load ripple = 1%
Vout = 80V ± 5%
Video Amplifier Iout = 0.13A
Full load ripple = 1%
Vout = ± 15V ± 10%
Outputs Vertical Deflection Iout = 0.33 A
Full load ripple = 1%
Vout = 6.5V ± 10%
Heater Iout = 0.6A
Full load ripple = 2%
Vout = 5.0V ± 2%
Micro Iout = 0.05A
Full load ripple < 1%
Minimum Switching Frequency in Normal Mode (fMIN, @ Vin = 100 VDC, full load) 25 kHz
Target Efficiency (Vin =88 to 264 Vac, full load) (η) > 85%
Suspend-Mode Input Power (Vin = 88 to 264 Vac) <15 W
< 2W (EnergyStar)
OFF-Mode Input Power (@Pout = 125 mW on 5V output, Vin = 88 to 264 Vac)
< 1W (IEA, GEEA)

QR approach and the L6565

The SMPS will be realized with a Quasi-resonant (QR) flyback converter based on the L6565, a control
IC specifically designed to handle such kind of converters. Referring to [1] and [2] for a detailed description
of the device and the topology, it is here worthwhile reminding that QR operation implies that the trans-

February 2003 1/9

AN1657 APPLICATION NOTE

former always works close to the boundary between continuous and discontinuous conduction mode and
thereby at a switching frequency that depends on the input voltage and the output current. The ripple
across the input bulk capacitor modulates the switching frequency in itself. This characteristic, besides be-
ing advantageous in terms of EMI emissions (it spreads the spectrum), makes it more difficult to see the
noise on the screen. Furthermore, with QR operation MOSFET's turn-on occurs with zero or minimum
drain voltage, which minimizes the switching noise generated. Finally, since the converter always oper-
ates in discontinuous conduction mode the reverse recovery characteristics of the secondary rectifiers are
not invoked, which goes in favor of a "quiet" operation too.
The above-mentioned characteristics, coupled with the high degree of safety under short circuit conditions
inherent in its operation, make QR approach ideal for noise-sensitive applications as monitors are.
The L6565 is an excellent low-cost solution to implement reliable and energy-efficient QR flyback convert-
ers both under maximum and minimum load conditions. The internal functions of the IC (frequency fold-
back and burst-mode operation at light load) as well as its inherent low consumption (less than 70 µA start-
up current and less than 3.5 mA quiescent current) make designer's life easier when they face the chal-
lenging tasks of meeting energy-saving requirements.
Additionally, the L6565 offers a safety feature (device disable upon secondary rectifier short circuit) that
can be fruitfully put to use in the present context to achieve an ultra-low consumption at light load. To pro-
tect the converter in the event of such failure, an internal comparator senses the voltage on the current
sense pin of the IC and disables the gate driver if this voltage exceeds 2V. To re-enable the driver, the
supply voltage of the IC must fall below the UVLO threshold and then exceed again the start-up threshold.

EnergyStar® compliant design

The first proposed schematic is shown in figure 1. Only its more significant features will be commented,
please refer to [2] for the standard characteristics of an L6565-based QR flyback.

Figure 1. L6565-based, EnergyStar® compliant, 90W SMPS for CRT monitor: electrical schematic
C8A,B 4.7 nF Y2

F1 250VAC 5A
BD01 R13A,B 4.7 MΩ
STBR606 D6 UF4006
88 to 264 EMI 1 18 200V
VAC filter R14 0.33A
C1 R2 C2 17
220µF 47 kΩ 47 nF 100 kΩ
400V 250V D7 STTH1L06 L1 1µH 1W
3W 80V
D1
1N4148 16 C9 C10 C11 0.13A
D2
220 µF 100 µF 22 µF
STTH1L06
100V 250V 100V
GND
R1A R1B 4 15
68 kΩ 68 kΩ 7 14
D3 1N4148 D8 UF4002 6.3V
0.6A
C3 R3 C12
R4
47 µF 22 Ω 1000 µF
R5
25V 1 kΩ
47 kΩ 16V
C4 330 pF
D4 100V 13
1N4148 12 D9 UF4002 +15V
D5 8
0.33A
DZ1 1N4148 C14
R6A 18V 470 µF 5V
1.5 MΩ 0.5W R9 25V 3 2 1
0.05A
C13
8 5 33 Ω 11 C15 R15 IC4 2.2µF
470 µF L78L05CZ
R6B 7 33 kΩ 10V
Q1 25V -15V
1.5 MΩ R10 STP6NK60ZFP 0.33A
1 kΩ 10 R16
D10 UF4002
47 Ω
3 4
IC1 R11A,B
C5
0.56 Ω
L6565 100 pF
R17
C16
47 µF
2.7 kΩ 25V
C7 R7 6
10 nF 15 kΩ 4 1
1 2
R12 IC2 R18
4.7 kΩ PC817A 10 kΩ

C18
C6 3 2 TR1
R8 15 nF
100 kΩ
6.2 kΩ 4.7 µF 250V

R20 R19
C17 330 kΩ 1.8 kΩ
1 22 nF
IC3
TL431 3
2 R21
4.7 kΩ

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 AN1657 APPLICATION NOTE

The converter is started up by R1A, R1B and the diode D1 that draw some current from the AC side of the
bridge rectifier. This inexpensive circuit wakes up the system in less then 3s @ 88 VAC and contributes
to light load losses with 240 mW @ 264 VAC. Despite this dummy consumption it is anyway possible to
meet the target of less than 2W input consumption thanks to the favorable features of the L6565. Supply-
ing the IC from the AC side of the bridge helps reduce the power consumption on the start-up resistors
and eliminates any chance of spurious restarts at converter's power down.
R6A and B along with R7 correct the overcurrent setpoint so as to minimize the power capability change of
the converter over the entire input voltage range. C7 filters out any noise that might be coupled to the pin.
R8 and C6 provide soft-start. At start-up C6 is charged by the output of the L6565 E/A (pin 2) with a current
defined by 2.5 / R8 and the E/A works temporarily closed-loop. As the E/A saturates high there is no more
current through C6, the loop opens, the voltage on pin 1 (E/A input) goes to zero and pin 2 stays high at
about 6V. When the L6565 turns off (because its supply voltage Vcc goes below the UVLO threshold) the
capacitor is discharged internally in few milliseconds - because the impedance of the pins becomes low -
in this way ensuring a correct soft-start even when the L6565 is continuously restarted (e.g. in case of
overload or short circuit).
Output voltage regulation is done with a TL431+optocoupler arrangement on the secondary side and the
information is fed back to the current sense pin (#4) of the L6565. Regulation is thus performed by mod-
ulating the voltage offset generated by the phototransistor current on R10. C5 adds a small filtering effect
to increase noise immunity. This feedback arrangement helps reduce the load of the self-supply system
(winding 7-8, D3, R3, C3). In fact with the usual arrangement, where the phototransistor sinks current from
pin 2 (with pin 1 grounded), the regulation current, typically 3 mA at light load, adds up to the operating
current of the IC. With this circuit, to create about 1V offset, which is required at light load, the phototrans-
istor needs to draw only 1 mA. This load reduction will counteract the natural decay of the self-supply volt-
age when the converter is lightly loaded. Please note that with this technique the ZCD masking time of the
L6565 (refer to [2] for details) is fixed at 3.5 µs.
The circuit made up of R4, C4, D4 and DZ1 provides overvoltage protection in case of failure of the feedback
loop. R4 and C4 smooth the waveform generated by the self-supply winding to suppress the leading edge
spike that could mislead the circuit. During MOSFET's off-time the winding generates a voltage proportional
to the output voltage. Thus, if the feedback loop opens (e.g. the optocoupler fails), which causes the output
voltage to rise above the regulated value, the voltage provided by R4, C4 will increase as well. DZ1 will be
turned on and inject an additional offset on the current sense pin after MOSFET's turn off. As the voltage on
the pin reaches 2V an internal comparator will be triggered, the L6565 will shut down and the converter will
be stopped until L6565's Vcc voltage, after falling below the UVLO threshold, goes again above the start-up
threshold. This may take some hundreds milliseconds, then the system will work in a continuous restart
mode, the energy throughput will be very low and the output voltage will not reach dangerous values.

Table 2. L6565-based 90W SMPS for CRT monitor: transformer specification

Core Philips ETD44, 3C85 Material
Bobbin Horizontal mounting, 18 pins
Air gap ≈ 1 mm for an inductance 1-4 of 380 µH
Leakage inductance < 10 µH
Winding Wire S-F Turns Notes
Pri1 4xAWG29 2-4 19 Pin 4 is cut for safety
Sec1 (200V) AWG25 17-18 48
Sec2 (80V) AWG25 15-16 32
Windings
Sec3 (6.5V) AWG25 13-14 3 Evenly spaced
Spec & Build
Sec4 (+15V) AWG25 11-12 6 Bifilar with Sec5
Sec5 (-15V) AWG26 10-11 6 Bifilar with Sec4
Pri2 4xAWG29 1-2 19
Aux (+15V) AWG29 8-7 7 Evenly spaced

The linear regulator that supplies the 5V line for the µP takes its input from the +15V line. Using the 6.5V
line would improve efficiency (especially in OFF-mode) even further. To do so, however, an LDO (low

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AN1657 APPLICATION NOTE

dropout) regulator is needed (with the L7805 at least 2V dropout must be ensured), which is slightly more
expensive, and the transformer must supply a sufficient voltage (5V plus the dropout and the tolerances)
under all operating conditions. Actually, in Suspend mode with the heater still supplied the 6.5V drops at
5.5V, which forces the use of the +15V line. Either with a better transformer construction - so that the 6.5V
line never falls below, say, 6V or turning off the heater during Suspend mode, an LDO regulator could pro-
vide 5V powered by the 6.5V line, thus reducing the converter actual load by about 150 mW.
There is no special circuit that handles the OFF-mode operation: simply, when the monitor enters OFF-
mode the loads drop to negligible values on all of the outputs except the 5V one that must still supply the
µP governing monitor operation. In these conditions µP's consumption is estimated at 25 mA max. As a
result, the L6565 will enter its natural burst-mode operation, where a series of few switching cycles are
repeated at the frequency of the internal starter or at a submultiple of its. The consumption measurements
under these operating conditions are shown in table 4 in the "Experimental results" section.

"1W Initiative" compliant design

To make such design the starting point will be the EnergyStar® compliant circuit, which a circuitry dedicated
to handle the OFF-mode will be added to. Besides the additional circuitry, minimum adaptations in the power
section and some changes in the control circuit will be required. Figure 2 shows the resulting schematic.
Conceptually, the way OFF-mode is handled consists of forcing the L6565 to work in a very low frequency
controlled burst-mode (continuous restart), so as to cut all frequency-related losses. To see how this is
achieved practically it is worth examining the schematic of figure 2, specifically looking at the new and
modified parts as compared to the schematic of figure 1.
Starting from the primary side, the major addition is the high-voltage active start-up circuit (R1A, R1B, R2,
D1,DZ1 and Q1) along with the associated network (R9, R10, Q3) to turn it off when the converter is run-
ning. This addition has a not negligible impact on the part count and the total cost but is essential.
Figure 2. L6565-based, "1W Initiative" compliant, 90W SMPS for CRT monitor: electrical schematic
C8A,B 4.7 nF Y2

F1 250VAC 5A BD01
STBR606
R16A,B 4.7 MΩ
1 18 D6 UF4006
88 to 264 EMI 200V
VAC filter R17 0.33A
C1 R3 C2 17
220µF 47 kΩ 47 nF 100 kΩ
400V 250V D7 STTH1L06 L1 1µH 1W
3W
80V
R1A
C9 C10 C11 0.13A
4.7 MΩ D2 16
220 µF 100 µF 22 µF
STTH1L06
Q1 100V 250V 100V
R1B GND
STQ1NC60R
4.7 MΩ 4 15
D3 1N4148 7 14 D8 UF4002 6.5V
0.6A
C3 R4 C12
D1 R5
47 µF
1N4148 R6 22 Ω 1 kΩ 1000 µF
R2 25V
47 kΩ 16V
DZ1 6.8 kΩ C4 330 pF
12 V D4 100V 13
0.5W 1N4148 12 D9 UF4002 +15V
D5 8
0.33A
DZ2 1N4148 C13 IC4
18V 2200 µF LE50CZ 5V
0.5W 25V 3 2 1
R12 C15 0.05A
R7A 8 5 33 Ω C14
1.5 MΩ 11 R18 2.2µF
470 µF
7 33 kΩ 10V
Q2 25V -15V
R7B R13 STP6NK60ZFP 0.33A
1 kΩ 10
1.5 MΩ D10 UF4002 R19 R25
4 680 Ω 5.6 kΩ
3 R14A,B
IC1 C7
0.56 Ω
L6565 100 pF
R20 DZ3
DZ4
2.7 kΩ 10V
C5 0.5W 8.2V
10 nF 0.5W
R8 6 R21
15 kΩ 4 1 10 kΩ
1 2
R15
IC2
4.7 kΩ
C6 4.7 µF PC817A
Q3
BC547 3 2
TR1 C17
15 nF
R9 220 kΩ 100 kΩ OFF
R10 250V R26
47 kΩ 470 Ω
R11 C16 R23 R22 Q4
6.2 kΩ 1 22 nF 330 kΩ 1.8 kΩ BC547

R27 C18
3
2 IC3 R24 10 kΩ 470 nF
TL431 4.7 kΩ

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 AN1657 APPLICATION NOTE

The importance of the circuit lies not only in the reduction of the associated losses from the 240 mW of
the resistive start-up to less than 10 mW, but also in the fact that, arranged as a current source like in the
schematic of figure 2, it provides constant wake-up and restart times for the converter, regardless of the
input AC voltage. The benefits resulting from that will be clearer after discussing how the system handles
OFF-mode operation. The current sourced by the generator and that charges the VCC capacitor C3 is:
V Z + V F – V th
I CH = ----------------------------------
-,
R2

where VZ is the zener voltage of DZ1, VF the forward drop across D1 and Vth the threshold voltage of Q1.
With an appropriate selection of VZ it is possible to compensate the temperature drift of both VF (≈ -2 mV/
°C) and Vth (≈ -7 mV/°C). Experience shows that zener diodes with VZ =12V have a temperature coeffi-
cient around +10 mV/°C, thus one of them will be selected.
With this circuit, neglecting the start-up current absorbed by the L6565, which is typically two orders of
magnitude smaller, the wake-up time is defined by R2, C3 and the turn-on threshold (VCCOn) of the L6565:
C3
T wak e – u p ≈ --------- V CCOn ,
I CH

whereas the restart time, that is the time needed for Vcc to go from the UVLO threshold (VCCOff) to VCCOn
during a continuous restart, depends on the VCC hysteresis (VCCHys = VCCOn - VCCOn) of the L6565:
C3
T Res tart ≈ --------- V CCHys .
I CH

The circuit that is actually responsible for handling OFF-mode operation is on the secondary side and is
the network comprising R25 to R27, C18, DZ4 and Q4. To adapt the existent circuit to the new operation,
R19 (R16 in the schematic of fig. 1) has been increased to 680Ω and the capacitor C13 has been replaced
by the zener diode DZ3. The bulk capacitor C13 on the +15V line has been increased from 470 to 2200µF
and the L7805 replaced by an LE50CZ.
During normal operation a logic signal (open collector) governed by the µP keeps the OFF input low, so
that Q4 is always off and the OFF-mode circuit is disabled. When the monitor is to enter OFF-mode the
µP acts so that the loads of all the outputs are cut off, then it reduces its own consumption and opens the
pull-down that was grounding the OFF input. Q4 is immediately turned on because the voltage on the
+15V is already higher than threshold (VT) defined by DZ4, R25 and R27. Q4 will then draw a relatively
large current from the photodiode, limited by R19+R20 (that is why C13 has been replaced by DZ3: this
will still give a high frequency pole to the output-to-control transfer function but will keep the current
through the photodiode under control as Q4 is turned on).
As a result there will be quite a large current in the phototransistor too, which will bring the voltage on the
current sense pin above the 2V threshold that shuts down the driver of the L6565 and stops PWM activity.
The IC, however, remains active and pin 2 stays high, thus keeping the start-up generator off as long as
Vcc - which is decaying because of the quiescent consumption of the IC and the phototransistor current -
is above VCCOff. As VCC = VCCOff the IC turns off, pin 2 goes low and the start-up generator is turned on
again.
This is the most critical moment: since the output voltage starts from about 15V and needs to decay below
VT before Q4 turns off, the phototransistor will keep on sinking quite a large current even after the start-
up generator is enabled. As a result, VCC will be pulled well below VCCOff. The start-up generator will take
a time longer than TRestart to bring VCC back to VCCOn and restart PWM activity. On the secondary side,
as the L6565 stops switching the voltage on C13 starts to decay slowly and goes on like that as long as
the L6565 does not switch. Even during this time the voltage on C13 must not go below the minimum value
that correctly supplies the linear regulator. To have maximum headroom the LE50CZ has been used,
which features less than 0.5V dropout. Besides, this part has lower quiescent current and the low dropout
allows keeping a lower average input voltage, which helps reduce the actual load on the converter.
As PWM restarts, the voltage on C13 quickly builds up and reaches VT in few milliseconds, which turns on
Q4 again restarting another cycle. C18 filters switching noise and allows a clean Q4 turn-on. This time the
phototransistor current will drop to zero before Vcc falls below VccOff and there will be no VCC undershoot.

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AN1657 APPLICATION NOTE

Under steady-state operation the L6565 will be then shortly activated with a repetition rate TRep essentially
given by TDecay + TRestart, where TDecay is the time that VCC takes to span VCC hysteresis downward:
C3
T Dec ay ≈ -------- V CCHy s ,
Iq

and Iq is the quiescent consumption of the L6565. The input of the linear regulator is a sawtooth going
from a peak ≈VT to a valley that depends on TRep, C13 and the input current to the LE50CZ. Also Vcc is
a sawtooth going up and down from VCCOn to VCCOff .
When the monitor is to resume its normal operation the OFF input will be grounded thus inhibiting Q4 and
disabling the OFF-mode circuit. However, the L6565 will be able to respond only when it is active. Under
the worst-case conditions, that is the OFF input is grounded just after the IC has been shut down, the
L6565 will be responsive only after a time TRep. The power management software must take this into ac-
count, re-enabling the loads on all of the outputs with a delay not shorter than TRep after grounding the
OFF input.

Experimental results
In the following tables the results of some bench evaluations are summarized. Some waveforms at full
load and off-mode under different line conditions are shown for user's reference, with some stress on the
OFF-mode management of the "1W initiative" compliant design.
As to the full-load performance there is no significant difference between the two designs presented: table
3 is common to both. Same applies to table 4 that shows the consumption during Suspend-mode opera-
tion, a particular low-consumption mode envisaged by VESA standards. No special action is taken to keep
the consumption below the limit (Pin < 15W): the converter can comfortably fulfill this requirement.

Table 3. L6565-based, 90W SMPS for CRT monitor: line regulation and full load efficiency
VAC [V] 88 110 132 176 220 264
Pin [W] 103.9 101.0 99.6 98.4 98.4 98.6
199.90 199.87 199.84 199.83 199.86 199.82
79.45 79.40 79.39 79.37 79.38 79.39
Vout [V] 14.12 14.13 14,14 14.14 14.16 14.16
-14.20 -14.20 -14.21 -14.21 -14.22 -14.22
6.58 6.60 6.62 6.63 6.64 6.65
Pout [W] 90.59 90.61 90.63 90.64 90.69 90.69
η [%] 87.2 89.7 91.0 92.1 92.2 92.0
Load conditions: 200V: 0.33A; 80V: 0.13A; ±15V: 80 Ω; 6.5V: 10Ω; 5V: 0.05A

Table 4. L6565-based, 90W SMPS for CRT monitor: Suspend-mode consumption

VAC [V] 88 110 132 176 220 264
Pin [W] 12.6 12.9 13.3 13.3 13.4 13.6
Load conditions: 200V: 0.005A, 80V: 0.065A; ±15V = open; 6.5V: 10Ω (heater on); 5V: 0.025A. Pout ≈ 9.3W
Pin [W] 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.7
Load conditions: 200V: 0.005A, 80V: 0.065A; ±15V = 6.5V = open (heater off); 5V: 0.025A (LDO regulator supplied
from 6.5V line). Pout ≈ 6.3W.
Note: a) Applicable to EnergyStar compliant design only.
b) Efficiency improvement is due to onset of L6565 burst-mode operation.

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 AN1657 APPLICATION NOTE

Table 5. L6565-based, EnergyStar® compliant design: OFF-mode consumption

VAC [V] 88 110 132 176 220 264
Pin [W] 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6
Load conditions: 200V = 80V = ±15V = 6.5V = open; 5V: 0.025A. Pout = 0.125W
Pin [W] 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4
Load conditions: 200V = 80V = ±15V = 6.5V = open; 5V: 0.025A (LDO regulator supplied from 6.5V line)

Table 6. L6565-based, "1W Iniziative" compliant design: OFF-mode consumption

VAC [V] 88 110 132 176 220 264
Pin [W] 0.25 0.31 0.38 0.49 0.62 0.75
Load conditions: 200V = 80V = ±15V = 6.5V = open; 5V: 0.025A. Pout = 0.125W

Figure 3. Line filter (not tested for EMI compliance) used during prototype bench evaluation

B81133 B81133
to the AC to the
470 nF, X2 680 nF, X2
source SMPS
EPCOS EPCOS

B82732
47 mH, 1.3A
EPCOS

Figure 4. L6565-based, 90W SMPS for CRT monitor: Full load, Vin=100 VDC (left), Vin=380 VDC (right)

Q1 Drain

Q1 Drain

Figure 5. L6565-based, 90W SMPS for CRT monitor: Open feedback and OVP, main waveforms

200V Output Gate drive

Smoothed auxiliary winding

Smoothed auxiliary
winding

Pin 4 of L6565
Pin 4 of L6565

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AN1657 APPLICATION NOTE

Figure 6. L6565-based, EnergyStar® design: OFF-mode, Vin = 100 VDC (left), Vin = 380 VDC (right)

L6565 Vcc
L6565 Vcc

Q1 Drain

Q1 Drain

Figure 7. L6565-based, "1W Initiative" compliant design: OFF-mode main waveforms

L6565 Off
L6565 Vcc HV gen. On L6565 Vcc
Phototr. Off

V (C13) L6565 Off V (C13)

HV gen. On
Phototr. On

Pin2 L6565 lowest valley Pin2 L6565

Q1 Drain

Q1 Drain

Figure 8. L6565-based, "1W Initiative" compliant design: entering (left) and exiting (right) OFF-mode

Vcc of L6565 Vcc of L6565

V (C13)

Pin2 of Soft-start
Collector
L6565 of Q4

Q1 Drain Pin4 of
L6565

8/9
 AN1657 APPLICATION NOTE

Conclusions
Two designs of a CRT monitor SMPS based on the QR controller L6565 have been realized and the re-
sults of their bench evaluation have been presented. The first one is a low-cost design able to meet current
EnergyStar® requirements on OFF-mode consumption (Pin < 2W). The second design, at the price of a
slight part count and cost increase, meets the target Pin <1W, which makes it compliant with IEA's "1W
initiative" as well as eligible for GEEA label.

REFERENCES AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION

[1] "L6565 QUASI-RESONANT SMPS CONTROLLER" DATASHEET
[2] "L6565 QUASI-RESONANT CONTROLLER" (AN1326)
[3] "25W QUASI-RESONANT FLYBACK CONVERTER FOR SET-TOP BOX APPLICATION USING THE
L6565" (AN1376)
[4] "EVAL6565N, 30W AC-DC ADAPTER WITH THE L6565 QUASI-RESONANT PWM CONTROLLER"
(AN1439)

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