INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART

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www.stratigraphy.org International Commission on Stratigraphy v 2021/10

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GSSA
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numerical numerical numerical numerical

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Series / Epoch Stage / Age age (Ma) Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age
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Eo

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Sy
age (Ma) age (Ma) age (Ma)
Sy

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Er
Er

Er

Er
U/L Meghalayan present ~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0
0.0042
Ediacaran
Quaternary

Holocene L/E
M Northgrippian 0.0082 Tithonian ~ 635
Greenlandian 0.0117 152.1 ±0.9
Upper Famennian Neo- Cryogenian
U/L
0.129 Upper Kimmeridgian proterozoic ~ 720
M Chibanian 157.3 ±1.0 Upper
0.774 372.2 ±1.6
Pleistocene Calabrian Oxfordian Tonian
1.80 163.5 ±1.0 Frasnian 1000
L/E
Gelasian Callovian 166.1 ±1.2 Stenian

Devonian
Jurassic
2.58 Bathonian 382.7 ±1.6
Middle 168.3 ±1.3
U/L Piacenzian Bajocian Givetian Meso- 1200
Pliocene 3.600 170.3 ±1.4
Middle 387.7 ±0.8 Ectasian
L/E Zanclean Aalenian proterozoic

Proterozoic
5.333 174.1 ±1.0 Eifelian 1400
Messinian 7.246 Toarcian 393.3 ±1.2 Calymmian
Neogene

U/L
Tortonian 182.7 ±0.7 1600
11.63 Emsian
Pliensbachian Statherian
Serravallian Lower 190.8 ±1.0 Lower 407.6 ±2.6
13.82 Pragian 1800
Miocene M
Cenozoic

Mesozoic
410.8 ±2.8

Precambrian
Langhian 15.97
Sinemurian Orosirian
199.3 ±0.3 Lochkovian Paleo-
Burdigalian Hettangian 2050
201.3 ±0.2 419.2 ±3.2 proterozoic
L/E 20.44
Pridoli Rhyacian
Aquitanian Rhaetian
23.03 ~ 208.5 423.0 ±2.3 2300
Ludfordian Siderian
Chattian Ludlow 425.6 ±0.9
27.82 Gorstian

Silurian
Oligocene Upper Norian 427.4 ±0.5 2500
Rupelian Wenlock Homerian Neo-
Triassic

430.5 ±0.7
33.9 ~ 227 Sheinwoodian 433.4 ±0.8 archean
Priabonian Carnian Telychian 2800
Paleogene

37.71 ~ 237 Llandovery Meso-

Archean
Bartonian 438.5 ±1.1
41.2 Ladinian Aeronian 440.8 ±1.2 archean
Middle ~ 242
Phanerozoic

Phanerozoic

Phanerozoic
Eocene Lutetian Rhuddanian 443.8 ±1.5 3200
Anisian

Paleozoic
47.8 247.2 Hirnantian 445.2 ±1.4 Paleo-
Lower Olenekian 251.2 archean
Ypresian Induan 251.902 ±0.024 Upper Katian
56.0 Changhsingian 453.0 ±0.7 3600
Thanetian 254.14 ±0.07 Eo-

Ordovician
59.2 Lopingian Wuchiapingian Sandbian
Paleocene Selandian 259.51 ±0.21 458.4 ±0.9 archean
61.6
Danian Capitanian Darriwilian 4000
264.28 ±0.16 Middle
66.0 Guadalupian 467.3 ±1.1
Wordian Dapingian Hadean
Permian

Maastrichtian 266.9 ±0.4 470.0 ±1.4

Roadian ~ 4600
72.1 ±0.2 Floian
273.01 ±0.14
Campanian Kungurian Lower 477.7 ±1.4 Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global Boundary
Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower boundaries, including
83.6 ±0.2 283.5 ±0.6 Tremadocian those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long defined by Global Standard
Upper Santonian 86.3 ±0.5 Artinskian 485.4 ±1.9 Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Italic fonts indicate informal units and
Cisuralian 290.1 ±0.26 Stage 10 placeholders for unnamed units. Versioned charts and detailed information
Coniacian ~ 489.5 on ratified GSSPs are available at the website http://www.stratigraphy.org.
Sakmarian Furongian
Paleozoic

89.8 ±0.3 Jiangshanian

293.52 ±0.17 The URL to this chart is found below.
Turonian Asselian ~ 494
Paibian
Cretaceous

93.9 298.9 ±0.15 Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in the
~ 497
Mesozoic

Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries in the
Cenomanian Gzhelian
Mississippian Pennsylvanian

Upper 303.7 ±0.1

Guzhangian Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained numerical
100.5 Kasimovian ~ 500.5 ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided.
307.0 ±0.1 Miaolingian Drumian
Cambrian
Albian Middle Moscovian ~ 504.5 Ratified Subseries/Subepochs are abbreviated as U/L (Upper/Late), M
Carboniferous

~ 113.0 315.2 ±0.2 Wuliuan (Middle) and L/E (Lower/Early). Numerical ages for all systems except
~ 509 Quaternary, upper Paleogene, Cretaceous, Triassic, Permian and
Aptian Lower Bashkirian Stage 4 Precambrian are taken from ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2012’ by Gradstein
323.2 ±0.4 ~ 514 et al. (2012), those for the Quaternary, upper Paleogene, Cretaceous,
~ 125.0 Series 2
Barremian Upper Serpukhovian Stage 3 Triassic, Permian and Precambrian were provided by the relevant ICS
330.9 ±0.2 subcommissions.
Lower ~ 129.4 ~ 521
Hauterivian Middle Visean Stage 2 Colouring follows the Commission for the
~ 132.6
~ 529 Geological Map of the World (www.ccgm.org)
Valanginian 346.7 ±0.4 Terreneuvian
~ 139.8
Lower Tournaisian Fortunian Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, D.A.T. Harper, P.L. Gibbard, N. Car
Berriasian (c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, October 2021
~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0
To cite: Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated)
The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204.

URL: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2021-10.pdf