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EE255 Lect 1

The document discusses signals, transducers, representations of signal sources, Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources, signal amplification, voltage gain, power gain, current gain, amplifier power supplies, and amplifier saturation. Key concepts covered include the definitions of a signal, transducer, and process. It also discusses ideal values for Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources and how voltage, current, and power gains are calculated.

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39 views12 pages

EE255 Lect 1

The document discusses signals, transducers, representations of signal sources, Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources, signal amplification, voltage gain, power gain, current gain, amplifier power supplies, and amplifier saturation. Key concepts covered include the definitions of a signal, transducer, and process. It also discusses ideal values for Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources and how voltage, current, and power gains are calculated.

Uploaded by

hadil hawilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

EE/CE 255
Introduction to Electronic Analysis and
Design

2
Chapter 1
Signals and Amplifier
TextBook: “Microelectronic Circuits” (6th edition)
Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith
Oxford University Press, 2011.

3
Signals
• Signal–contains information
e.g. voice of radio announcer reading the news

• Transducer–device which converts signal from non-electrical


to electrical form

• Process–an operation which allows an observer to understand


this information from a signal
generally done electrically

4
Representation of a signal source

Thevenin Norton

𝑣𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑅𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡

5
Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Sources

what are ideal values of RS for Thevenin and Norton representations?

6
Signal Amplification
 Voltage amplifier – is used to boost Voltage levels.
 Current amplifier – is used to boost Current levels.
 Power amplifier – is used to boost both voltage and current levels.

7
Signal amplification and voltage Gain

𝑣𝑂
Voltage gain 𝐴𝑣 = 𝑣𝐼

8
Power Gain and Current Gain
𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 (𝑷𝑳 ) 𝒗𝑶 𝒊𝑶
Power gain 𝑨𝒑 = =
𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 (𝑷𝑰 ) 𝒗𝑰 𝒊𝑰

𝒊𝑶
Current gain 𝑨𝒊 =
𝒊𝑰
𝒗𝑶
Voltage gain 𝑨𝑽 =
𝒗𝑰

𝑨𝒑 = 𝑨𝒗 𝑨𝒊

Voltage gain in decibels = 𝟐𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑨𝒗 dB

Current gain in decibels = 𝟐𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑨𝒊 dB

Power gain in decibels = 𝟏𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑨𝒑 dB

9
Amplifier power supplies

Figure 1.12 An amplifier that requires two dc supplies (shown as batteries) for operation.

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Amplifier Saturation

Limited linear range –practically, amplifier operation is linear over a


limited input range

Saturation–beyond this input range, saturation occurs.

• Output remains constant as input varies


• Harmonic distortion occurs
• Power supply limitation

11
Amplifier saturation

Figure 1.13 An amplifier transfer characteristic that is linear except for output saturation.

12

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