ALLAH DOES NOT BURDEN A SOUL BEYOND THAT IT CAN BEAR.

Al-Baqarah, 2:286.

Course: Computer Organisation and Assembly Language

Instructor: Sardar Mehboob Hussain

MS COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
+923025896689
You can see me at:
• http://www.researcherid.com/rid/F-5984-2017
• http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2084-9880
• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sardar_Hussain5
• https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?hl=en&pli=1&user=oq-
EEOAAAAAJ
You can meet me at:
CS faculty office,
Adjacent Dean office,
CS & IT department, The University of Lahore,
Chenab Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Note: Please schedule an appointment by email before searching me in office.
(Except too necessary).
I may or may not be found in office.
[email protected]
My Thursdays and Fridays are much busy.
Please excuse on said days. (Except too necessary).
 Microprocessor And
Assembly Language

LAB MANUAL

BSCS IV

Sardar Mehboob Hussain

Contents
Lab No. 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction to nasm and dosbox software. How to install and run the software. Complete
explanation of nasm. .......................................................................................................................... 2
Lab No. 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Using registers perform addition & subtraction on 2 imidiate values................................................ 3
Lab No. 3 ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Perform if statement and else statement on assembly language. ..................................................... 4
Lab No. 4 ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Extract data from memory and perform arithmetic operation. ......................................................... 6
LAB No. 5 ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Extract data from memory and perform if else operation. ................................................................ 7
LAB No. 6 ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Extract data using for loop and direct address method. .................................................................... 9
LAB No. 7 ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Perform addition using byte operation and for loop. ....................................................................... 10
LAB No. 8 ............................................................................................................................................... 11
Write algorithm of multiplication. (Multiplexing)............................................................................. 11
LAB No. 9 ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Perform arithmetic operation using extended function................................................................... 13
LAB No. 10 ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Using function call perform given operation. ................................................................................... 16
LAB NO. 11 ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Using bubble sorting perform ascending operation. ........................................................................ 18
LAB NO. 12 ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Using stack function perform ascending operation.......................................................................... 20
Lab No. 1
Introduction to nasm and dosbox software. How to install and run the
software. Complete explanation of nasm.

 General syntax for loading a file:

Z:\mount (Space) E (Space) E:\nasm

Z:\ E:

 Making com and list file of a nasm file:

E:\ folder name(Space) file name.asm (Space) –o (Space) file name.com

–l (Space) file name.lst

 Now to run the prog:

Afd (Space) file name.com

Lab No. 2
Using registers perform addition & subtraction on 2 imidiate values.

 General syntax:

For assigning value to register we use command mov.

i.e. mov ax , 5

For addition we use command add.

For subtraction we use command sub.

 Program:

A=5+9

B=9-8

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov ax ,5

mov bx ,9

add ax ,bx

mov ax ,8

sub bx ,ax

mov ax,0x4c00

int 0x21
Lab No. 3
Perform if statement and else statement on assembly language.

 General Syntax:

we use cmp command for comparison.

Jne command for jump.

i.e. cmp ax,0

jne else

 Program:

If ( i==0)

A=5+6+7+8+9

Else

B=20-5-6

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov ax,0

cmp ax,0

jne else

mov ax,5

mov bx,6

mov cx,7

mov dx,8

add ax,bx

add ax,cx

add ax,dx
mov bx,9

add ax,bx

jne exit

else:

mov ax,20

mov bx,5

mov cx,6

sub ax,bx

sub ax,cx

exit:

mov ax,0x4c00

int 0x21
Lab No. 4
Extract data from memory and perform arithmetic operation.

 General Syntax for storing value in memory:

A : dw 5

 Program:

A=B+C+D+E

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

A : dw 0

B : dw 5

C : dw 6

D : dw 7

E : dw 8

Mov ax ,[B]

Mov bx ,[C]

Mov cx ,[D]

Mov dx ,[E]

Add ax , bx

Add ax , cx

Add ax ,dx

Mov [A] , ax

Mov ax , 0x4c00

Int 0x21
LAB No. 5
Extract data from memory and perform if else operation.

 Program:

A=7,9,10,4,3

If ( i==0)

B=9+3+7

Else

C=10-3-4

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

Mov ax, 0

Cmp ax, 0

Jne else

Mov ax, [A+2]

Mov bx, [A+8]

Mov cx, [A]

Add ax, bx

Add ax, cx

Mov [C], ax

Jne exit

Else:

Mov ax, [A+4]

Mov bx, [A+8]

Mov cx, [A+6]

Sub ax, bx

Sub ax, cx

Mov [B], ax

Exit:

Mov ax,0x4c00

Int 0x21

A: dw 7,9,10,4,3

B: dw 0

C: dw 0
LAB No. 6
Extract data using for loop and direct address method.

 Program:

For(i=0; i<5 ; i++)

A=5+9+12+13+15

 Solution

[org 0x100]

Mov ax, 0

Mov bx, 0

Mov dx, 0

For:

Mov cx,[num+bx]

Add dx, cx

Add bx, 2

Add ax, 1

Cmp ax, 5

Jne for

Mov ax, 0x4c00

Int 0x21

Num: dw 5, 9, 12, 13, 15

LAB No. 7
Perform addition using byte operation and for loop.

 Program:

For(i=0; i<5 ; i++)

A=4+7+10+13+8

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov al, 0

mov bl, 0

mov dl, 0

for:

mov dh,[num+bl]

Add dl, dh

Add bl, 1

Add al, 1

cmp al, 5

jne for

mov ax,0x4c00

int 0x21

num: db 4,7,10,13,8
LAB No. 8
Write algorithm of multiplication. (Multiplexing)

 Program:

A=4

B=5

Product=A*B

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov ax,4

mov bx,5

mov cx,0

mov dx,0

mahad:

add cx,1

cmp cx,9

je exit

shr ax,1

jc addition

shl bx,1

jmp mahad

addition:

add dx,bx

shl bx,1
jmp mahad

exit:

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00
LAB No. 9
Perform arithmetic operation using extended function.

 Program:

A=(50+100+150+800) – (80+60+20) + (200+12)

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov ax,[num1]

mov bx,[num1+2]

mov cx,[num1+4]

mov dx,[num1+6]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[num1+8]

mov dx,[num1+10]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[num1+12]

mov dx,[num1+14]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov [A],ax

mov [A+2],bx

mov ax,[num2]

mov bx,[num2+2]
mov cx,[num2+4]

mov dx,[num2+6]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[num2+8]

mov dx,[num2+10]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov [B],ax

mov [B+2],bx

mov ax,[num3]

mov bx,[num3+2]

mov cx,[num3+4]

mov dx,[num3+6]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[A]

mov dx,[A+2]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[B]

mov dx,[B+2]

sub ax,cx

sbb bx,dx
mov [C],ax

mov [C+2],bx

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00

num1: dd 50,100,150,800

num2: dd 80,60,20

num3: dd 200,12

A: dd 0

B: dd 0

C: dd 0
LAB No. 10
Using function call perform given operation.

 Program:

Addition:

A= 4+7+2+8

Subtraction:

B= 15 -3 -5

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

call addition

call subtraction

addition:

mov ax,[A]

mov bx,[A+2]

mov cx,[A+4]

mov dx,[A+6]

add ax,bx

add ax,cx

add ax,dx

RET

subtraction:

mov ax,[B]

mov bx,[B+2]
mov cx,[B+4]

sub ax,bx

sub ax,cx

RET

exit:

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00

A: dw 4,7,2,8

B: dw 15,3,5
LAB NO. 11
Using bubble sorting perform ascending operation.

 Program:

Num=5, 3, 1, 8

For (i=0; i<3; i++)

For (i=0; i<3; i++)

Num= 1, 3, 5, 8

}}

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov bl,0

mov cl,0

mov dl,0

for:

mov ah,[num+bl]

mov bh,[num+bl+1]

cmp ah,bh

jl swap

add bl,1

add cl,1

cmp cl,3

jne for
mov bl,0

mov dl,1

cmp dl,3

jne for

jmp exit

swap:

mov [num+bl],bh

mov [num+bl+1],ah

add bl,1

add cl,1

jmp for

exit:

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00

num: db 5,3,1,8
LAB NO. 12
Using stack function perform ascending operation.

 Program:

A= 5, 9, 8, 7, 6

Push:

(A= 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Pop:

(A= 9, 8, 7, 6, 5)

A= 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

call pus

call po

mov [A],ax

mov [A+2],bx

mov [A+4],cx

mov [A+6],dx

mov [A+8],ax

jmp exit

pus:

mov ax,[A]

push ax

mov bx,[A+8]

push bx

mov cx,[A+6]
 push cx

mov dx,[A+4]

push dx

mov ax,[A+2]

push ax

ret

po:

pop ax

pop dx

pop cx

pop bx

pop ax

ret

exit:

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00

A: dw 5,9,8,7,6
 Microprocessor And
Assembly Language

LAB MANUAL

BSCS IV

Sardar Mehboob Hussain

Contents
Lab No. 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction to nasm and dosbox software. How to install and run the software. Complete
explanation of nasm. .......................................................................................................................... 2
Lab No. 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Using registers perform addition & subtraction on 2 imidiate values................................................ 3
Lab No. 3 ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Perform if statement and else statement on assembly language. ..................................................... 4
Lab No. 4 ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Extract data from memory and perform arithmetic operation. ......................................................... 6
LAB No. 5 ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Extract data from memory and perform if else operation. ................................................................ 7
LAB No. 6 ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Extract data using for loop and direct address method. .................................................................... 9
LAB No. 7 ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Perform addition using byte operation and for loop. ....................................................................... 10
LAB No. 8 ............................................................................................................................................... 11
Write algorithm of multiplication. (Multiplexing)............................................................................. 11
LAB No. 9 ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Perform arithmetic operation using extended function................................................................... 13
LAB No. 10 ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Using function call perform given operation. ................................................................................... 16
LAB NO. 11 ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Using bubble sorting perform ascending operation. ........................................................................ 18
LAB NO. 12 ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Using stack function perform ascending operation.......................................................................... 20
Lab No. 1
Introduction to nasm and dosbox software. How to install and run the
software. Complete explanation of nasm.

 General syntax for loading a file:

Z:\mount (Space) E (Space) E:\nasm

Z:\ E:

 Making com and list file of a nasm file:

E:\ folder name(Space) file name.asm (Space) –o (Space) file name.com

–l (Space) file name.lst

 Now to run the prog:

Afd (Space) file name.com

Lab No. 2
Using registers perform addition & subtraction on 2 imidiate values.

 General syntax:

For assigning value to register we use command mov.

i.e. mov ax , 5

For addition we use command add.

For subtraction we use command sub.

 Program:

A=5+9

B=9-8

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov ax ,5

mov bx ,9

add ax ,bx

mov ax ,8

sub bx ,ax

mov ax,0x4c00

int 0x21
Lab No. 3
Perform if statement and else statement on assembly language.

 General Syntax:

we use cmp command for comparison.

Jne command for jump.

i.e. cmp ax,0

jne else

 Program:

If ( i==0)

A=5+6+7+8+9

Else

B=20-5-6

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov ax,0

cmp ax,0

jne else

mov ax,5

mov bx,6

mov cx,7

mov dx,8

add ax,bx

add ax,cx

add ax,dx
mov bx,9

add ax,bx

jne exit

else:

mov ax,20

mov bx,5

mov cx,6

sub ax,bx

sub ax,cx

exit:

mov ax,0x4c00

int 0x21
Lab No. 4
Extract data from memory and perform arithmetic operation.

 General Syntax for storing value in memory:

A : dw 5

 Program:

A=B+C+D+E

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

A : dw 0

B : dw 5

C : dw 6

D : dw 7

E : dw 8

Mov ax ,[B]

Mov bx ,[C]

Mov cx ,[D]

Mov dx ,[E]

Add ax , bx

Add ax , cx

Add ax ,dx

Mov [A] , ax

Mov ax , 0x4c00

Int 0x21
LAB No. 5
Extract data from memory and perform if else operation.

 Program:

A=7,9,10,4,3

If ( i==0)

B=9+3+7

Else

C=10-3-4

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

Mov ax, 0

Cmp ax, 0

Jne else

Mov ax, [A+2]

Mov bx, [A+8]

Mov cx, [A]

Add ax, bx

Add ax, cx

Mov [C], ax

Jne exit

Else:

Mov ax, [A+4]

Mov bx, [A+8]

Mov cx, [A+6]

Sub ax, bx

Sub ax, cx

Mov [B], ax

Exit:

Mov ax,0x4c00

Int 0x21

A: dw 7,9,10,4,3

B: dw 0

C: dw 0
LAB No. 6
Extract data using for loop and direct address method.

 Program:

For(i=0; i<5 ; i++)

A=5+9+12+13+15

 Solution

[org 0x100]

Mov ax, 0

Mov bx, 0

Mov dx, 0

For:

Mov cx,[num+bx]

Add dx, cx

Add bx, 2

Add ax, 1

Cmp ax, 5

Jne for

Mov ax, 0x4c00

Int 0x21

Num: dw 5, 9, 12, 13, 15

LAB No. 7
Perform addition using byte operation and for loop.

 Program:

For(i=0; i<5 ; i++)

A=4+7+10+13+8

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov al, 0

mov bl, 0

mov dl, 0

for:

mov dh,[num+bl]

Add dl, dh

Add bl, 1

Add al, 1

cmp al, 5

jne for

mov ax,0x4c00

int 0x21

num: db 4,7,10,13,8
LAB No. 8
Write algorithm of multiplication. (Multiplexing)

 Program:

A=4

B=5

Product=A*B

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov ax,4

mov bx,5

mov cx,0

mov dx,0

mahad:

add cx,1

cmp cx,9

je exit

shr ax,1

jc addition

shl bx,1

jmp mahad

addition:

add dx,bx

shl bx,1
jmp mahad

exit:

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00
LAB No. 9
Perform arithmetic operation using extended function.

 Program:

A=(50+100+150+800) – (80+60+20) + (200+12)

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov ax,[num1]

mov bx,[num1+2]

mov cx,[num1+4]

mov dx,[num1+6]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[num1+8]

mov dx,[num1+10]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[num1+12]

mov dx,[num1+14]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov [A],ax

mov [A+2],bx

mov ax,[num2]

mov bx,[num2+2]
mov cx,[num2+4]

mov dx,[num2+6]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[num2+8]

mov dx,[num2+10]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov [B],ax

mov [B+2],bx

mov ax,[num3]

mov bx,[num3+2]

mov cx,[num3+4]

mov dx,[num3+6]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[A]

mov dx,[A+2]

add ax,cx

adc bx,dx

mov cx,[B]

mov dx,[B+2]

sub ax,cx

sbb bx,dx
mov [C],ax

mov [C+2],bx

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00

num1: dd 50,100,150,800

num2: dd 80,60,20

num3: dd 200,12

A: dd 0

B: dd 0

C: dd 0
LAB No. 10
Using function call perform given operation.

 Program:

Addition:

A= 4+7+2+8

Subtraction:

B= 15 -3 -5

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

call addition

call subtraction

addition:

mov ax,[A]

mov bx,[A+2]

mov cx,[A+4]

mov dx,[A+6]

add ax,bx

add ax,cx

add ax,dx

RET

subtraction:

mov ax,[B]

mov bx,[B+2]
mov cx,[B+4]

sub ax,bx

sub ax,cx

RET

exit:

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00

A: dw 4,7,2,8

B: dw 15,3,5
LAB NO. 11
Using bubble sorting perform ascending operation.

 Program:

Num=5, 3, 1, 8

For (i=0; i<3; i++)

For (i=0; i<3; i++)

Num= 1, 3, 5, 8

}}

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

mov bl,0

mov cl,0

mov dl,0

for:

mov ah,[num+bl]

mov bh,[num+bl+1]

cmp ah,bh

jl swap

add bl,1

add cl,1

cmp cl,3

jne for
mov bl,0

mov dl,1

cmp dl,3

jne for

jmp exit

swap:

mov [num+bl],bh

mov [num+bl+1],ah

add bl,1

add cl,1

jmp for

exit:

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00

num: db 5,3,1,8
LAB NO. 12
Using stack function perform ascending operation.

 Program:

A= 5, 9, 8, 7, 6

Push:

(A= 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Pop:

(A= 9, 8, 7, 6, 5)

A= 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

 Solution:

[org 0x100]

call pus

call po

mov [A],ax

mov [A+2],bx

mov [A+4],cx

mov [A+6],dx

mov [A+8],ax

jmp exit

pus:

mov ax,[A]

push ax

mov bx,[A+8]

push bx

mov cx,[A+6]
 push cx

mov dx,[A+4]

push dx

mov ax,[A+2]

push ax

ret

po:

pop ax

pop dx

pop cx

pop bx

pop ax

ret

exit:

int 0x21

mov ax,0x4c00

A: dw 5,9,8,7,6