Scilab Manual for

Signals and Systems

by Prof Ishit Shah
Electrical Engineering
Venus International College of Technology,
GTU1

Solutions provided by
Prof Ishit Shah
Electrical Engineering
Venus International College of Technology - GTU

October 8, 2021

1 Funded by a grant from the National Mission on Education through ICT,

http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro. This Scilab Manual and Scilab codes
written in it can be downloaded from the ”Migrated Labs” section at the website
http://scilab.in
1
Contents

List of Scilab Solutions 3

1 Generation of unit step and unit ramp signals in Scilab 5

2 Generation of the sinusoidal wave in discrete time mode

through Scilab code 8

3 Plotting of exponential sequence and complex exponential

sequence 11

4 Performing cross correlation operation using SCILAB code 17

5 Performing auto correlation operation using Scilab code 21

6 A Scilab program to perform addition of sequences 23

7 A Scilab program to perform multiplication and folding of

sequences 26

8 Scilab code to demonstrate amplitude Modulation concept 29

9 Scilab code to demonstrate frequency Modulation concept 32

2
List of Experiments

Solution 1.1 Exp1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Solution 2.2 Exp2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Solution 3.3 Exp3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Solution 4.4 Exp4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Solution 5.3 Exp5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Solution 6.6 Exp6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Solution 7.7 Exp7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Solution 8.8 Exp8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Solution 9.9 Exp9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3
List of Figures

1.1 Exp1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.1 Exp2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.1 Exp3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2 Exp3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4.1 Exp4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2 Exp4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.1 Exp5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

6.1 Exp6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

7.1 Exp7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

8.1 Exp8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

9.1 Exp9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4
 Experiment: 1

Generation of unit step and

unit ramp signals in Scilab

Scilab code Solution 1.1 Exp1

1 // Experiment −1
2 // windows − 10 − 64− B i t
3 // S c i l a b − 5 . 4 . 1
4
5
6 //AIM : G e n e r a t i o n o f U n i t s t e p and U n i t ramp s i g n a l s
i n SCILAB .
7
8
9 // U n i t S t e p S i g n a l
10
11 clear ; clc ;
12 t = -6:0.01:6;
13 u = ones ( t ) .*( t >=0) ;
14 subplot (2 ,1 ,1) ; // p l o t t i n g m u l t i p l e
g r a p h i n one window
15 plot (t , u ) ;
16 xgrid (4 ,1 ,7) ; // x g r i d ( [ c o l o r ] [ ,
thickness ] [ , style ])

5
17 xlabel ( ” t ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ; // L a b e l o f
X−A x i s
18 ylabel ( ” u ( t ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ; // L a b e l o f
Y−A x i s
19 title ( ” U n i t s t e p ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ; // T i t l e o f
graph
20
21 set ( gca () ,” d a t a b o u n d s ” , matrix ([ -6 ,6 , -0.1 ,1.1] ,2 , -1)
); // Range o f a x i s
22
23 //Ramp S i g n a l
24 r = t .*( t >=0) ;
25 subplot (2 ,1 ,2) ;
26 plot (t , r ) ;
27 xgrid (4 ,1 ,7) ;
28 xlabel ( ” t ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
29 ylabel ( ” r ( t ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
30 title ( ”Ramp” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
31 set ( gca () ,” d a t a b o u n d s ” , matrix ([ -6 ,6 , -0.1 ,7] ,2 , -1) ) ;
// Range o f a x i s

6
Figure 1.1: Exp1

7
 Experiment: 2

Generation of the sinusoidal

wave in discrete time mode
through Scilab code

Scilab code Solution 2.2 Exp2

1 // Experiment −2
2 // windows − 10 − 64− B i t
3 // S c i l a b − 5 . 4 . 1
4
5
6 //AIM : G e n e r a t i o n o f t h e S i n u s o i d a l wave i n D i s c r e t e
t i m e mode t h r o u g h SCILAB c o d e
7
8
9 // G e n e r a t i o n o f a s i n u s o i d a l s e q u e n c e
10 clear ; clc ;
11 n =0:40; // Length o f s e q u e n c e
12 f =0.05; // F r e q u e n c y
13 phase =0;
14 A =1.5; // A m p l i t u d e
15 x1 = A * sin (2* %pi * f *n - phase ) ;
16 subplot (3 ,1 ,1) ;

8
17 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , x1 ) ; //
p l o t 2 d 3 ( ’ gnn ’ , n , x1 ) i n d i s c r e t e form
18 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
19 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
20 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
21 title ( ” s i n u s o i d a l s e q u e n c e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
22 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( ms ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
23 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
24 set ( gca () ,” d a t a b o u n d s ” , matrix ([0 ,40 , -2 ,2] ,2 , -1) ) ;
// Range o f A x i s
25
26 x2 = A * cos (2* %pi * f *n - phase ) ;
27 subplot (3 ,1 ,2) ;
28 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , x2 ) ;
29 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
30 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
31 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
32 title ( ” c o s i n e s e q u e n c e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
33 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( ms ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
34 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
35 set ( gca () ,” d a t a b o u n d s ” , matrix ([0 ,40 , -2 ,2] ,2 , -1) ) ;
36
37 x3 = A * cos (2* %pi * f * n +120) ;
38 subplot (3 ,1 ,3) ;
39 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , x3 ) ;
40 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
41 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
42 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
43 title ( ” p h a s e s h i f t e d c o s i n e s e q u e n c e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
44 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( ms ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
45 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
46 set ( gca () ,” d a t a b o u n d s ” , matrix ([0 ,40 , -2 ,2] ,2 , -1) ) ;

9
Figure 2.1: Exp2

10
 Experiment: 3

Plotting of exponential
sequence and complex
exponential sequence

Scilab code Solution 3.3 Exp3

1 // Experiment −3
2 // windows − 10 − 64− B i t
3 // S c i l a b − 5 . 4 . 1
4
5
6 // P l o t t i n g o f e x p o n e n t i a l s e q u e n c e and c o m p l e x
exponential sequence
7
8 // G e n e r a t i o n o f e x p o n e n t i a l s e q u e n c e
9 clear ; clc ;
10 n =0:20;
11 a1 =2;
12 k =0.5;
13 x1 = k * a1 .^ n ;
14 f4 = scf (1) ;
15 figure (1)
16 subplot (2 ,2 ,1)

11
17 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , x1 ) ; // g r a p h i n d i s c r e t e
form
18 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
19 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
20 a2 =0.9;
21 x2 = k * a2 .^ n ;
22 subplot (2 ,2 ,2)
23 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , x2 ) ;
24 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
25 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
26 a3 = -2;
27 x3 = k * a3 .^ n ;
28 subplot (2 ,2 ,3)
29 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , x3 ) ;
30 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
31 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
32 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
33 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
34 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
35 a4 = -0.9;
36 x4 = k * a4 .^ n ;
37 subplot (2 ,2 ,4)
38 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , x4 ) ;
39 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
40 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
41 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
42 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
43 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
44
45
46
47
48 // G e n e r a t i o i n o f a c o m p l e x e x p o n e n t i a l s e q u e n c e
49

12
50 clear ; clc ;
51 n =0:20;
52 w = %pi /6;
53 x = exp ( %i * w * n ) ;
54 f4 = scf (2) ;
55 figure (2)
56 subplot (2 ,1 ,1) ;
57 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , real ( x ) ) ;
58 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
59 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
60 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
61 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
62 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
63 title ( ” R e a l P a r t ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
64 subplot (2 ,1 ,2) ;
65 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , imag ( x ) ) ;
66 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
67 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
68 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
69 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
70 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
71 title ( ” I m a g i n a r y P a r t ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
72
73
74 // G e n e r a t i o n o f c o m l e x e x p o n e n t i a l s e q u e n c e
75
76 clear ; clc ;
77 a = input ( ” Type i n r e a l e x p o n e n t = ” ) ;
78 b = input ( ” Type i n i m a g i n a r y e x p o n e n t = ” ) ;
79 c = a + b * %i ; // a+j ∗ b
f o r imaginary value
80 K = input ( ” Type i n t h e g a i n c o n s t a n t = ” ) ;
81 N = input ( ” Type i n l e n g t h o f s e q u e n c e = ” ) ;
82 n =1: N ;

13
 83 x = K * exp ( c * n ) ; // g e n e r a t e t h e s e q u e n c e
84 f4 = scf (3) ;
85 figure (3)
86 subplot (2 ,1 ,1) ;
87 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , real ( x ) ) ; //
r e a l ( x ) = g i v e s r e a l component
88 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
89 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
90 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
91 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
92 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
93 title ( ” R e a l P a r t ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
94 subplot (2 ,1 ,2)
95 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n , imag ( x ) ) ; //
imag ( x ) = g i v e s i m a g i n a r y component
96 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
97 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
98 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
99 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
100 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
101 title ( ” I m a g i n a r y P a r t ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4)
102
103 // For Example
104
105 // Type in r e a l e x p o n e n t = −0.0833
106 // Type in imaginary exponent = 0.5236
107 // Type in the gain constant = 1.5
108 // Type in l e n g t h o f s e q u e n c e = 40

14
Figure 3.1: Exp3

15
Figure 3.2: Exp3

16
 Experiment: 4

Performing cross correlation

operation using SCILAB code

Scilab code Solution 4.4 Exp4

1 // Experiment −4
2 // windows − 10 − 64− B i t
3 // S c i l a b − 5 . 4 . 1
4
5
6 // AIM : P e r f o r m i n g C r o s s C o r r e l a t i o n O p e r a t i o n
u s i n g SCILAB c o d e
7
8 clear ; clc ;
9
10 n1 =[ -1 ,0 ,1]
11 x1 =[1 ,2 ,3]
12 f4 = scf (1) ;
13 figure (1)
14 subplot (2 ,2 ,1)
15 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n1 , x1 ) ;
16 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
17 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //

17
 To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
18 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
19 xlabel ( ” R e f e r e n c e A x i s ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,3) ;
20 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,3) ;
21 title ( ” S e q u e n c e −1” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,3) ;
22 n2 =[ -1 ,0 ,1]
23 x2 =[4 ,5 ,6]
24 subplot (2 ,2 ,2)
25 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,n2 , x2 ) ;
26 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
27 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
28 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
29 xlabel ( ” R e f e r e n c e A x i s ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,3) ;
30 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,3) ;
31 title ( ” S e q u e n c e −2” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,3) ;
32 [c , ind ]= xcorr ( x1 , x2 ) // f u n c t i o n o f c r o s s
correlation
33 [ ind ’ ,c ’]
34 subplot (2 ,2 ,3)
35 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,c )
36 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
37 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
38 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
39 xlabel ( ” R e f e r e n c e A x i s ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,3) ;
40 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,3) ;
41 title ( ” C r o s s − C o r r e l a t i o n S e q u e n c e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,3) ;
42
43
44 clear ; clc ;
45
46 x = input ( ” Type i n t h e r e f r e n c e s e q u e n c e = ” ) ;
47 y = input ( ” Type i n t h e s e c o n d s e q u e n c e = ” ) ;
48
49 // compute t h e c o r r e l a t i o n s e q u e n c e

18
50
51 n1 = length ( y ) -1;
52 n2 = length ( x ) -1;
53 r = conv (x , y ) ;
54 k =( - n1 ) : n2 ;
55 f4 = scf (2) ;
56 figure (2)
57 plot2d3 ( ’ gnn ’ ,k , r ) ;
58 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
59 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
60 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;
61 xlabel ( ” Lag i n d e x ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
62 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
63
64
65
66 // For Example
67
68 // Type i n t h e r e f r e n c e s e q u e n c e =
[2 , −1 ,3 ,7 ,1 ,2 , −3 ,0]
69 // Type i n t h e s e c o n d s e q u e n c e = [ 1 , − 1 , 2 , − 2 , 4 , 1 , − 2 , 5 ]

19
Figure 4.1: Exp4

Figure 4.2: Exp4

20
 Experiment: 5

Performing auto correlation

operation using Scilab code

Scilab code Solution 5.3 Exp5

1 // Experiment −5
2 // windows − 10 − 64− B i t
3 // S c i l a b − 5 . 4 . 1
4
5 // 5
6
7 //AIM : P e r f o r m i n g Auto C o r r e l a t i o n O p e r a t i o n u s i n g
SCILAB c o d e
8
9 clear ; clc ;
10 x =[2 , -1 ,3 ,7 ,1 ,2 , -3 ,0]
11 [c , ind ]= xcorr ( x )
12 [ ind ’ c ’]
13 plot2d3 ( ” gnn ” ,c )
14 a = gca () ; //
get the current axes
15 a . x_location = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
16 a . y_location = ” o r i g i n ” ;

21
 Figure 5.1: Exp5

17 xlabel ( ” Lag i n d e x ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;

18 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;

22
 Experiment: 6

A Scilab program to perform

addition of sequences

Scilab code Solution 6.6 Exp6

1 // Experiment −6
2 // windows − 10 − 64− B i t
3 // S c i l a b − 5 . 4 . 1
4
5 //A SCILAB program t o p e r f o r m A d d i t i o n o f s e q u e n c e s
6 clc ;
7 clear ;
8 i =1:20;
9 n1 =[ ones (1 ,10) , zeros (1 ,10) ]; // D i s c r e t e
Signal
10 n2 =[ zeros (1 ,6) , ones (1 ,6) , zeros (1 ,8) ]; // D i s c r e t e
Signal
11 n3 = n1 + n2 ; // A d d i t i o n
o f two d i s c r e t e S i g n a l s
12 // n4=n1−n2 ; //
S u b t r a c t i o n o f two d i s c r e t e S i g n a l s
13 subplot (2 ,2 ,1) ;
14 plot2d3 (i , n1 ) ;
15 xlabel ( ’ R e f e r e n c e A x i s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;

23
16 ylabel ( ’ A m p l i t u d e ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
17 title ( ’ 1 s t S i g n a l ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
18 subplot (2 ,2 ,2) ;
19 plot2d3 (i , n2 ) ; // p l o t 2 d 3 ( ’
gnn ’ , n , x1 ) i n d i s c r e t e form
20 xlabel ( ’ R e f e r e n c e A x i s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
21 ylabel ( ’ A m p l i t u d e ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
22 title ( ’ 2 nd S i g n a l ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
23 subplot (2 ,2 ,3) ;
24 plot2d3 (i , n3 ) ;
25 xlabel ( ’ R e f e r e n c e A x i s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
26 ylabel ( ’ A m p l i t u d e ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
27 title ( ’ A d d i t i o n o f two d i s c r e t e S i g n a l s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ”
,4) ;
28 subplot (2 ,2 ,4) ;
29 plot (i , n3 ) ; // P l o t
Continuous S i g n a l
30 xlabel ( ’ R e f e r e n c e A x i s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
31 ylabel ( ’ A m p l i t u d e ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
32 title ( ’ A d d i t i o n o f two c o n t i n u o u s S i g n a l s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e
” ,4) ;
33 set ( gca () ,” d a t a b o u n d s ” , matrix ([0 ,20 ,0 ,2.5] ,2 , -1) ) ;
// Range o f a x i s
34 // s u b p l o t ( 2 , 3 , 5 ) ;
35 // p l o t 2 d 3 ( i , n4 ) ;
36 // a = g c a ( ) ; //
get the current axes
37 // a . x l o c a t i o n = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
38 // a . y l o c a t i o n = ” o r i g i n ” ;
39 // x l a b e l ( ’ time ’ ) ;
40 // y l a b e l ( ’ a m p l i t u d e ’ ) ;
41 // t i t l e ( ’ S u b t r a c t i o n o f two d i s c r e t e S i g n a l s ’ ) ;
42 // s u b p l o t ( 2 , 3 , 6 ) ;
43 // p l o t ( i , n4 ) ;
44 // x l a b e l ( ’ time ’ ) ;
45 // y l a b e l ( ’ a m p l i t u d e ’ ) ;
46 // t i t l e ( ’ S u b t r a c t i o n o f two c o n t i n u o u s S i g n a l s ’ ) ;

24
 Figure 6.1: Exp6

47 //

25
 Experiment: 7

A Scilab program to perform

multiplication and folding of
sequences

Scilab code Solution 7.7 Exp7

1 // Experiment −7
2 // windows − 10 − 64− B i t
3 // S c i l a b − 5 . 4 . 1
4
5 //A SCILAB program t o p e r f o r m M u l t i p l i c a t i o n and
Folding of sequences
6
7 clc ;
8 clear ;
9 i =0:6;
10 n1 =[ zeros (1 ,3) , ones (1 ,4) ];
11 n2 =i -2; // Advancing S h i f t i n g
Signal
12 n3 = i +2; // D e l a y S h i f t i n g
Signal
13 n4 = i ; // F o l d e d S i g n a l
14 // n5=n1+n2 ; // A d d i t i o n o f

26
 Signals
15 n6 = n3 .* n4 ; // M u l t i p l i c a t i o n o f
Signals
16 subplot (3 ,1 ,1) ;
17 plot2d3 (i , n1 ) ;
18 xlabel ( ’ R e f e r e n c e A x i s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
19 ylabel ( ’ A m p l i t u d e ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
20 title ( ’ Sample S i g n a l ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
21 // s u b p l o t ( 3 , 2 , 2 ) ;
22 // p l o t 2 d 3 ( i , n2 ) ;
23 // a = g c a ( ) ; //
get the current axes
24 // a . x l o c a t i o n = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
25 // a . y l o c a t i o n = ” o r i g i n ” ;
26 // x l a b e l ( ’ time ’ ) ;
27 // y l a b e l ( ’ a m p l i t u d e ’ ) ;
28 // t i t l e ( ’ Advancing S h i f t i n g S i g n a l ’ ) ;
29 // s u b p l o t ( 3 , 2 , 3 ) ;
30 // p l o t 2 d 3 ( i , n3 ) ;
31 // a = g c a ( ) ; //
get the current axes
32 // a . x l o c a t i o n = ” o r i g i n ” ; //
To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
33 // a . y l o c a t i o n = ” o r i g i n ” ;
34 // x l a b e l ( ’ time ’ ) ;
35 // y l a b e l ( ’ a m p l i t u d e ’ ) ;
36 // t i t l e ( ’ D e l a y S h i f t i n g S i g n a l ’ ) ;
37 subplot (3 ,1 ,2) ;
38 plot2d3 (i , n4 ) ;
39 xlabel ( ’ R e f e r e n c e A x i s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
40 ylabel ( ’ A m p l i t u d e ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
41 title ( ’ F o l d e d S i g n a l ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
42 // s u b p l o t ( 3 , 2 , 5 ) ;
43 // p l o t 2 d 3 ( i , n5 ) ;
44 // a = g c a ( ) ; //
get the current axes
45 // a . x l o c a t i o n = ” o r i g i n ” ; //

27
 Figure 7.1: Exp7

To Change r e f e r e n c e a x i s
46 // a . y l o c a t i o n = ” o r i g i n ” ;
47 // x l a b e l ( ’ time ’ ) ;
48 // y l a b e l ( ’ a m p l i t u d e ’ ) ;
49 // t i t l e ( ’ A d d i t i o n o f S i g n a l s ’ ) ;
50 subplot (3 ,1 ,3) ;
51 plot2d3 (i , n6 ) ;
52 xlabel ( ’ R e f e r e n c e A x i s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
53 ylabel ( ’ A m p l i t u d e ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
54 title ( ’ M u l t i p l i c a t i o n o f S i g n a l s ’ ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;

28
 Experiment: 8

Scilab code to demonstrate

amplitude Modulation concept

Scilab code Solution 8.8 Exp8

1 // Experiment −8
2 // windows − 10 − 64− B i t
3 // S c i l a b − 5 . 4 . 1
4
5
6 //SCILAB c o d e t o d e m o n s t r a t e A m p l i t u d e M o d u l a t i o n
concept
7
8 clear ; clc ;
9 t =0:0.001:1;
10 Am =5; // A m p l i t u d e o f s i g n a l
11 Ac =5;
12 fm = input ( ” M es sa ge f r e q u e n c y=” ) ; // A c c e p t i n g i n p u t
value
13 fc = input ( ” C a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y=” ) ; // A c c e p t i n g i n p u t
v a l u e ( f c >f a )
14 mi = input ( ” M o d u l a t i o n I n d e x=” ) ; // M o d u l a t i o n I n d e x
15 Sm = Am * sin (2* %pi * fm * t ) ; // Me ss age S i g n a l
16 subplot (3 ,1 ,1) ;

29
17 plot (t , Sm ) ;
18 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
19 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
20 title ( ” M es sag e S i g n a l ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
21 Sc = Ac * sin (2* %pi * fc * t ) ; // C a r r i e r S i g n a l
22 subplot (3 ,1 ,2) ;
23 plot (t , Sc ) ;
24 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
25 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
26 title ( ” C a r r i e r S i g n a l ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
27 Sam =( Ac + mi * Sm ) .* sin (2* %pi * fc * t ) ; //AM S i g n a l
28 subplot (3 ,1 ,3) ;
29 plot (t , Sam ) ;
30 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
31 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
32 title ( ”AM S i g n a l ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
33
34
35 // For Example
36 // fm = 3
37 // f c = 50
38 // mi = 1

30
Figure 8.1: Exp8

31
 Experiment: 9

Scilab code to demonstrate

frequency Modulation concept

Scilab code Solution 9.9 Exp9

1 // Experiment −9
2 // windows − 10 − 64− B i t
3 // S c i l a b − 5 . 4 . 1
4
5
6 //SCILAB c o d e t o d e m o n s t r a t e F r e q u e n c y M o d u l a t i o n
concept
7
8 clear ; clc ;
9 fm = input ( ” M es sa ge f r e q u e n c y=” ) ; // A c c e p t i n g i n p u t
value
10 fc = input ( ” C a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y=” ) ; // A c c e p t i n g i n p u t
v a l u e ( f c >f a )
11 mi = input ( ” M o d u l a t i o n I n d e x=” ) ; // M o d u l a t i o n I n d e x
12 t =0:0.0001:0.1;
13 Sm = sin (2* %pi * fm * t ) ;
14 subplot (3 ,1 ,1) ;
15 plot (t , Sm ) ;
16 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;

32
17 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
18 title ( ” M es sag e S i g n a l ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
19 Sc = sin (2* %pi * fc * t ) ;
20 subplot (3 ,1 ,2) ;
21 plot (t , Sc ) ;
22 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
23 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
24 title ( ” C a r r i e r S i g n a l ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
25 Sfm = sin (2* %pi * fc * t +( mi .* sin (2* %pi * fm * t ) ) ) ; //
F r e q u e n c y c h a n g i n g w . r . t M ess ag e
26 subplot (3 ,1 ,3) ;
27 plot (t , Sfm ) ;
28 xlabel ( ” Time i n ( s e c . ) ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
29 ylabel ( ” A m p l i t u d e ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
30 title ( ”FM S i g n a l ” ,” f o n t s i z e ” ,4) ;
31
32
33 // For Example
34
35 // Me ss age f r e q u e n c y =25
36 // C a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y =400
37 // M o d u l a t i o n I n d e x =5

33
Figure 9.1: Exp9

34