LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Observe proper precautionary measures and

procedures in addressing a fire incident.
2. Apply a basic response procedure during a fire
incident.
3. Follow fire emergency and evacuation plan.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514
❑ Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 contains fire
safety rules and regulations to prevent and suppress
destructive fires. It also ensures that firefighters
are effectively trained and knowledgeable in dealing
with fires, especially in the emergency situations.

❑ It promotes adherence to fire prevention and safety

measures and accountability for the violation of the
stated fire safety rules and regulations.
FIRE ALARM LEVELS
• In the
Philippines,
we have 13
Fire alarm
levels to
indicate the
number of fire
trucks and
reponders that
should respond
to a fire. With
these
information,
the general
public can have
an idea on the
size of the fire.
FIRST AIDE FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCE
DISCHARGE LEVER PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
extinguishers)
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN
AND SEAL CARRYING
HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE
- Type ( Water, CO2,
Dry Chemical)
DATA PLATE - Classification (A, B, C)
- NFPA capacity rating
- Instructions
DISCHARGE NOZZLE
- Expiration

BODY
DISCHARGE ORIFICE

Fire Extinguisher
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
(Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association)

1. WATER AND FOAM

Water and Foam fire extinguishers extinguish the fire by taking

away the heat element of the fire triangle. Foam agents also
separate the oxygen element from the other elements.
Water extinguishers are for Class A fires only - they should not
be used on Class B or C fires. The discharge stream could spread
the flammable liquid in a Class B fire or could create a shock
hazard on a Class C fire.
2. CARBON DIOXIDE

Carbon Dioxide fire extinguishers extinguish fire by taking

away the oxygen element of the fire triangle and also be
removing the heat with a very cold discharge.
Carbon dioxide can be used on Class B & C fires. They are
usually ineffective on Class A fires.
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
(Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association)

3. DRY CHEMICAL

Dry Chemical fire extinguishers extinguish the fire primarily by interrupting

the chemical reaction of the fire triangle. Today's most widely used type of
fire extinguisher is the multipurpose dry chemical that is effective on Class A,
B, and C fires. This agent also works by creating a barrier between the
oxygen element and the fuel element on Class A fires.
Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B & C fires only. It is important to use the
correct extinguisher for the type of fuel! Using the incorrect agent can allow
the fire to re-ignite after apparently being extinguished successfully.

4. WET CHEMICAL

Wet Chemical is a new agent that extinguishes the fire by removing the
heat of the fire triangle and prevents re-ignition by creating a barrier
between the oxygen and fuel elements.
Wet chemical of Class K extinguishers were developed for modern, high
efficiency deep fat fryers in commercial cooking operations. Some may
also be used on Class A fires in commercial kitchens.
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
(Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association)

5. CLEAN AGENT

Halogenated or Clean Agent extinguishers include the halon

agents as well as the newer and less ozone depleting halocarbon
agents. They extinguish the fire by interrupting the chemical
reaction and/or removing heat from the fire triangle.
Clean agent extinguishers are effective on Class A, B and C fires.
Smaller sized handheld extinguishers are not large enough to
obtain a 1A rating and may carry only a Class B and C rating.

6. DRY POWDER

Dry Powder extinguishers are similar to dry chemical except that they
extinguish the fire by separating the fuel from the oxygen element or by
removing the heat element of the fire triangle.
However, dry powder extinguishers are for Class D or combustible metal
fires, only. They are ineffective on all other classes of fires.
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
(Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association)

7. WATER MIST
Water Mist extinguishers are a recent development that
extinguish the fire by taking away the heat element of the fire
triangle. They are an alternative to the clean agent extinguishers
where contamination is a concern.
Water mist extinguishers are primarily for Class A fires, although
they are safe for use on Class C fires as well.
8. CARTRIDGE OPERATED DRY CHEMICAL

Cartridge Operated Dry Chemical fire extinguishers extinguish the fire primarily
by interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire triangle.
Like the stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers, the multipurpose dry
chemical is effective on Class A, B, and C fires. This agent also works by creating a
barrier between the oxygen element and the fuel element on Class A fires.
Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B & C fires only. It is important to use the
correct extinguisher for the type of fuel! Using the incorrect agent can allow the
fire to re-ignite after apparently being extinguished successfully.
HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
•
HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
•
The Rules for Fighting Fires
A. IF THE FIRE IS SMALL AND CONTAINED. The time to use a fire
Just remember the THREE A’S: • a fire. Once the
extinguisher is in the early, or incipient, stage of
fire starts to grow or spread, it is best to evacuate the building,
closing doors or windows behind you.
ACTIVATE the building alarm system or
notify the fire department by calling 117. B. IF YOU ARE SAFE FROM TOXIC SMOKE. f the fire is producing
Or, have someone else do this for you. large amounts of thick, black smoke or chemical smoke, it may
be best not to try to extinguish the fire. Neither should you
attempt to extinguish the fire in a confined space. Outdoors,
ASSIST any persons in immediate danger, approach the fire with the wind at your back. Remember that all
fires will product carbon monoxide and many fires will produce
or those incapable on there own, to exit the
toxic gasses that can be fatal, even in small amounts.
building, without risk to yourself.
C. IF YOU HAVE A MEANS OF ESCAPE. You should always fight a fire
with an exit or other means of escape at your back. If the fire is
Only after these two are completed, should not quickly extinguished, you need to be able to get out quickly
you ATTEMPT to extinguish the fire. and avoid becoming trapped.

D. IF YOUR INSTINCTS TELL YOU IT'S OK. If you do not feel

comfortable attempting to extinguish the fire, don't try - get out
and let the fire department do their job.

http://www.fireextinguishertraining.com/en/rules.html
PHASES OF FIRE EMERGENCY
❑ Fire emergencies or uncontrollabke fires are disasters which can be
mitigated, prepared for and steps can be taken to avoid or minimize the
damage they causes. However, preparation and prevention can only do
so much, because a fire accidentcan still occur despite ou basic efforts to
make sure it does not happen. Thus, we should be knowledgeable on
how to bring ourselves to safety when encountering a fire inside our
house, a building, or in a public place.

❑ Being aware of the proper actions to take can save our lives and even
the lives of others during a fire. After the fire, certain steps also ensure
that the fiire has a low probabilty of happening again.
PHASES OF FIRE EMERGENCY
PREPARATIONS TO AVOID FIRE
1. Pre-disaster mitigation like measures to take to avoid fire or minimize
damage and preparations in knowing and preparing the items needed when
a fire strike.
2. Good environmental design can improve resilience.
3. Fire escalates through convection, conduction and thermal radiation. To
prevent fire from propagating through this means, the design of a city’s or
municipality’s infrastructure should have some distance between structures
or buildings or have a fire resistance structures constructed between them to
prevent the quick spread of controllable fire.
4. In terms of urban design or even in rural areas, planning offices spatiplans
and strategic management should include the improvement of the roads
used by people and vehicles to travel so it will be easier to evacuate by foot
or by vehicle in the case of uncontrollable fire.
5. Fire hydrant posts must be strategically placed in vulnerable areas reachable
for fire engines during fire. Water must always be available for firefighters.
PHASES OF FIRE EMERGENCY
PREPARATIONS TO AVOID FIRE
6. All buildings are mandated to have a fire safety plan and it is also helpful to
have one in your home. This plan shows where the fire extinguishers and fire
exits are.

7. For buildings, fire sprinklers and fire alarms are part of the building code.
Fire sprinklers are activated when it detects a certain high level of
temperature, such as heat from cigarette smoke reaches its sensors. Fire
alarms are situated on the floors of every building for notification when fire
alarm sounded.

8. Fire drills must always be part of building residents’ fire safety programs, so
that the people will become familiar with the building’s routes to the fire
exits.

What do this symbol label mean?

PHASES OF FIRE EMERGENCY
WHAT TO DO DURING A FIRE
1. If you discover a fire and the building fire alarm is not sounding, then manually
activate the nearest fire alarm which is often situated near the fire exit, so you can
activate it in your way out.
2. Smoke is blinding because it hurts our eyes and it can lead to zero visibility along
corridors and within rooms. Stay LOW and CRAWL in the direction of the fire exit
to avoid smoke.
3. Always use the stairs, not the elevators when there is a fire. The elevators may be
broken and lead to further harm or it may break down while you are using it,
leaving you trapped inside.
4. Shut doors behind you as you exit to isolate the area where the fre started and
make the spread of the fire slower,
5. If you are at work in an industrial plant or laboratory, then make sure to shut down
the equiptment you are using before leaving if possible without putting yourself at
risk. This will prevent more damage from occuring should your equipment explode
or become an accelerant to the uncontrolled fire.
What do this symbol mean?
PHASES OF FIRE EMERGENCY
WHAT TO DO DURING A FIRE
6. Never attempt to re-enter a burning building unless cleared to do so by a
member of your fire department.
7. Never attempt to put out a large fire on your own because it may cause your life .
8. Assign a person or champion to account for the occupants of the building after it
has been evacuated. During a fire, do a headcount immediately to find out if
somenody was left in the building. There can also be a buddy sytem with each
person having a buddy that they would account for after evacuation. Thus when a
fire occurs, this can lead to a faster check if the building occupants are present in
the evacuation area.

9. Assist the disbled or people with special needs in exiting the building.
10. When you clothing is on fire, stop, drop and roll. Stop running to avoid fanning
the flames. Lie on the floor and roll over to stop the flames.
RACE

STAY CALM
AND
REMEMBER
THIS
STOP, DROP and ROLL

DROP TO THE
GROUND

– lay flat with

your legs out
straight and
COVER YOUR
EYES AND
MOUTH WITH
YOUR HANDS.
EDITH

CRAWL

❑ 1 FOOT
FROM THE
GROUND

❑ FIND A
WALL
 SUMMARY
❑ TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
❑ PASS
❑ The Rules for Fighting Fires
❑ PHASES OF FIRE EMERGENCY
❑ RACE
❑ Stop, Drop And Roll
❑ EDITH

Sources :
Parena Jr. J. (2017) Exploring Life Through Science- Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction.
Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House.
De Guzman, F.R., Suarez, D.A.M. (2016) Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Philippines: Vibal
Group Inc
Rimando, R., Belen, J.. (2016) Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Philippines: Rex Book Store
Inc.