Challenges To Low Carbon Energy Challenges To Low Carbon Energy Development in India Development in India

Challenges
to Low Carbon Energy
Challenges to Low Carbon Energy
Development in India
Development in India
Thinking
g Long
g Term on Climate Policy
y
A dialogue between research and policy
International Seminar on Climate Change
New Delhi
1-2 November, 2010
Nandakumar Janardhanan
The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
Hayama,
Hayama Japan
[email protected]
India’s growing energy demand…
g g gy
• The growing demand for
energy is met by a mix of
fuels including oil, natural
gas, coal, nuclear power,
y p
and hydropower
• The total primary energy

demand for the country in
2009 is estimated to be
about 450 million tons of
oil equivalent
q ((Mtoe).
) The
demand was less than 300
Mtoe in the year 2000.
Million tons oil equivalent
[email protected]
Key Economic goals….
y g
• Ensuring economic development and maintaining close to 10%
GDP growth
• Eradicating poverty
• Deliver a sustained growth rate through 2030 and beyond and
to meet the lifeline energy needs of all citizens
• Increase Power generation capacity
• Meet the demand for energy services of all sectors at
competitive
titi prices.
i
[email protected]
In Search of the right energy mix…
g gy
• What is the Petroleum • Industrial Activities
• Transportation sector
right energy
mix for the • Clean coal to be used for electricity
Clean coal to be used for electricity
country? C l
Coal generation
• To serve the existing power supply
h l
Hydro systems
• What energy
sectors to
sectors to • Emerging regions with more power
serve which Nuclear demand, Special Economic Zones(SEZ)
demand
demand
• More focus to be given to rural areas
zones? Alternative for distributed power systems
[email protected]
Low Carbon Energy Development
• India has one of the lowest per capita energy consumption
p p gy p
and energy related emission among the leading economies
• Balancing a low carbon growth with high economic growth
Balancing a low carbon growth with high economic growth
targets is a key challenge to India
• Fossil fuel constitutes a significant share of the total
Fossil fuel constitutes a significant share of the total
primary energy consumption
• A prominent perception is that wide range of low carbon
A i t ti i th t id fl b
energy sources and technologies need to be adopted in the
country’s energy mix to sustain a low carbon economic
t ’ i t t i l b i
growth and also to ensure its energy security
[email protected]
Clean Energy Development and Climate Concerns
Energy Transition is a Strategic Necessity
f dd i li t h
for addressing climate change concerns
•Transition from conventional fossil fuel burning to cleaner

technologies is a necessary step towards reducing
energy
energ related emissions
•Energy
Energy transition needs to take into account domestic
constraints regarding availability of technology, financial
support and the scale of economic growth planned to
meet the developmental goals
[email protected]
Key Factors influencing Low Carbon Energy
Development
Challenges/Conce Low carbon technologies in Nuclear Renewable Energy

rns Fossil Fuel sector
Fossil Fuel sector
Public Energy efficiency measures Concerns on radiation and Awareness, Public participation is

Perception need to be promoted, costly waste management critical
measures
Institutional Energy efficiency measures Domestic nuclear energy Implementation of low tech
Factors are fragmented, need to be sector management programs, Need for better R&D,
g
strengthened p y g
capacity building
Technological Availability of low cost tech, Dependency on external Lack of availability of low cost
Factors For Industrial Applications technology technologies suited to local
conditions
Commercial Conventional coal usage Potential rise in power Unviable commercially at the
factors cheaper for Power units price initial stages of development
Reliability Better technology? Concern Dependency on external Post‐sale services for renewable
Factors about Sustainability of clean supply sources equipments
techs
Financial barriers Large funds required Huge Capital cost Huge Capital cost
[email protected]
Financial Viability in Clean Energy Technology
Development
World Development Report 2010
[email protected]
Low Carbon Energy Development: Observations
• Energy efficiency measures will continue to be the most viable
practice towards low carbon growth
• Three key pillars of Low carbon energy development are
yp gy p
promoting energy efficiency, developing nuclear power and
developing renewable sources
• Technological maturity and financial viability are the key
qualifications for any low carbon energy sources or technology
to be accepted in India
• Low Carbon Energy Development needs to be integrated
globally with maximum support of technologically advanced
countries
[email protected]
Thank You

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Challenges

• The total primary energy

Million tons oil equivalent

•Transition from conventional fossil fuel burning to cleaner

Challenges/Conce Low carbon technologies in Nuclear Renewable Energy

Public Energy efficiency measures Concerns on radiation and Awareness, Public participation is

World Development Report 2010

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