CSEC MATHEMATICS JANUARY 2019 PAPER 2

SECTION I

1. (a) Evaluate

(i) 3.8 ´102 + 1.7 ´103 , giving your answer in standard form

SOLUTION:
Required to evaluate: 3.8 ´102 + 1.7 ´103 and write the answer in
standard form
Solution:
3.8 ×102 +1.7 × 103 = 0.38 ×10 ×102 +1.7 × 103
= 0.38 ×103 +1.7 × 103
= (0.38 + 1.7) × 103

= 2.08 ´103 expressed in standard form or in scientific

notation, as required.

1 3
´
(ii) 2 5 , giving your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.
1
3
2
SOLUTION:
Required to evaluate:
1 3
2×5
1
32
and give the answer as a fraction in its lowest terms
Solution:
Numerator:
1 3 3
× =
2 5 10

Denominator:
1 (3 × 2) + 1 7
3 = =
2 2 2

So,
1 3 3
2 × 5 = 10 = 3 × 2 = 3
1 7 10 7 35
32 2
as a fraction in its lowest terms.
(b) Express the number 6 as a binary number.

SOLUTION:
Required to express: 6 as a binary number
Solution:
Binary means that the base is 2.

2 6
2 3 R0
2 1 R1
0 R1

Reading from the bottom upwards, 610 = 1102 .

Re-checking,
1102 = (1´ 22 ) + (1´ 21 ) + ( 0 ´ 20 )
= (1´ 4 ) + (1´ 2 ) + ( 0 ´1)
= 4+2+0
= 610

(c) John bought a car for $65 000. If the value of the car depreciates by 8% each year,
how much will the car be worth at the end of 2 years?

SOLUTION:
Data: John bought a car for $65 000 and its value depreciates by 8% each year.
Required to calculate: The value of the car at the end of 2 years
Calculation:
Initial cost of the car is $65 000.
8
Depreciation after 1 year is 8% = ´ $65000
100
= $5200

Value of the car after 1 year = $65000 - $5200

= $59800

Depreciation after second year = 8% of $59800

8
= ´ $59800
100
= $4 784

Value of the car after the second year = $59800 - $4784 = $55016
 Alternative Method:
n
æ R ö
A = P ç1 + ÷ , where P = the original cost of the car, R = rate of depreciation,
è 100 ø
n = the number of years, A = the value of the car.
/
𝐴 = 65 000(1 − 011)2
= 65 000(0.92)2
= $55 016

(d) The table below shows the results obtained by a student in her CSEC Mathematic
examination. The maximum mark for each paper is given in the third column of
the table.

Maximum Mark
Paper Percentage Obtained
for Paper
01 55 30
02 60 50
03 80 20
Total 100

Determine, as a percentage, the student’s final mark for the Mathematics

examination.

SOLUTION:
Data: Table showing the results obtained, as percentages, by a student in each of
the three papers in CSEC Mathematics examinations.
Required to determine: The student’s final mark as a percentage
Solution:
55
Actual mark obtained in Paper 01 is ´ 30 = 16.5
100
60
Actual mark obtained in Paper 02 is ´ 50 = 30
100
80
Actual mark obtained in Paper 03 is ´ 20 = 16
100

Total mark obtained in Paper 01, Paper 02, and Paper 03 = 16.5 + 30 + 16
= 62.5

Since the mark is out of 100, the percentage mark is the same as the mark since
62.5
´100 = 62.5%
100
2. (a) (i) Make x the subject of the formula

x
y= + 3p
5

SOLUTION:
x
Data: y = + 3 p
5
Required to make: x the subject
Solution:
x
y = + 3p
5
x
+ 3p = y
5
x
= y -3p
5
( ´5 )
x = 5( y - 3 p)

(ii) Solve the following equation by factorisation.

2 x2 - 9 x = 0

SOLUTION:
Data: 2 x 2 - 9 x = 0
Required to find: x
Solution:
2 x2 - 9 x = 0
2x ´ x - 9 ´ x = 0
x ( 2x - 9) = 0
So x = 0 or 2x - 9 = 0
2x = 9
9
x=
2

(b) A farmer wishes to enclose a rectangular plot with a wire fence. The width of the
plot is 3 metres less than its length, l.

Given that the area enclosed by the fence is 378 square metres, show that
l 2 - 3l - 378 = 0 .
SOLUTION:
Data: The width of a rectangular plot of land is 3 metres less than its length, l.
The area of the plot is 378 square metres.
Required to show: l 2 - 3l - 378 = 0
Proof:

Since the width is 3 metres less than the length, then the width is ( l - 3) m.
Area = length ´ width
= l ´ ( l - 3) m 2
= ( l 2 - 3l ) m 2

The area is 378 m2.

So l 2 - 3l = 378
and l 2 - 3l - 378 = 0
Q.E.D

(c) The force, F, applied to an object is directly proportional to the extension, e,

produced by that object.

(i) Represent this information as an equation in terms of F, e and an

appropriate constant, k.

SOLUTION:
Data: Force, F, of an object is directly proportional to the extension, e.
Required to write: An equation to represent this information

Solution:
Force
! is proportional to extension.
F
"## #$### % "#$# %
µ e

F µe
F = k ´ e (where k is the constant of proportionality)

(ii) The incomplete table below shows the corresponding values of F and e.

F 8 25 60 y
e 0.2 x 1.5 3.2
 Using the equation obtained in (c)(i), or otherwise, determine the value of
x and y.

SOLUTION:
Data: Table showing corresponding values of F and e.
Required to find: The value of x and of y
Solution:
F = 8 when e = 0.2
F = ke
So 8 = k ´ 0.2
8
k=
0.2
k = 40
Hence, F = 40e
(The same result for k would have been obtained if we had substituted
F = 60 when k = 1.5 .)

When F = 25, e = x
So 25 = 40x
25
x=
40
= 0.625

When F = y, e = 3.2
So y = 40 ´ 3.2
y = 128

\ x = 0.625 and y = 128

3. (a) Using a ruler, a pencil and a pair of compasses, construct the right-angled
triangle ABC such that AB = 5 cm, ÐABC = 90° and ÐBAC = 60° .

SOLUTION:
Required to construct: The right-angled triangle ABC with AB = 5 cm,
ÐABC = 90° and ÐBAC = 60° .
Solution:
(b) The diagram below shows a right-angled triangle with sides a units, b units and c
units.

(i) Using the diagram,

a) Express c in terms of a and b

SOLUTION:
Data: Diagram showing right-angled triangle with sides a units, b
units and c units.
Required to express: c in terms of a and b.
Solution:
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 (Pythagoras’ Theorem)
c = a2 + b2 (positive root taken)
 b) Write, in terms of a, b and c, an expression for sin q + cos q .
SOLUTION:
Required to write: sin q + cos q , in terms of a, b and c.
Solution:

opp adj
sin q = cos q =
hyp hyp
a b
= =
c c

a b
sin q + cos q = +
c c
a+b
=
c

Using the results from (i) a) and b), show that ( sin q ) + ( cosq ) = 1.
2 2
(ii)
SOLUTION:
Required to show: ( sin q ) + ( cosq ) = 1
2 2

Proof:
2 2
æaö æbö
sin q + cos q = ç ÷ + ç ÷
2 2

ècø ècø
a 2 b2
= +
c2 c2
a 2 + b2
= 2
Re : c 2 = a 2 + b 2
c
2
c
= 2
c
=1
Q.E.D.
 2x + 3
4. (a) Given the function h ( x ) = , determine
5- x

(i) the value of x for which the function is undefined

SOLUTION:
2x + 3
Data: h ( x ) =
5- x
Required to find: The value of x for which h ( x ) is undefined

Solution:
When x = 5
2 ( 5) + 3
h ( 5) =
5-5
10 + 3
=
0
N
Recall that is undefined for all values of N and is equal to ¥ .
0
So the function is undefined when x = 5 .

(ii) an expression for h -1 ( x ) .

SOLUTION:
Required to find: h -1 ( x )
Solution:
Let y = h ( x)
2x + 3
\y =
5- x
Making x the subject:
y (5 - x ) = 2x + 3
5 y - xy = 2 x + 3
5 y - 3 = 2 x + xy
5y - 3 = x (2 + y)
5y - 3
So x=
2+ y
Replace y by x to get:
5x - 3
h -1 ( x ) = , x ¹ -2
2+ x
(b) The graph below shows a straight line intersecting the x and y axes.

Using the graph, determine the

(i) gradient of the line

SOLUTION:
Data: The graph of a straight line intersecting the x and y axes.
Required to find: The gradient of the line
Solution:
The graph cuts the y – axis at ( 0, 4 ) and the x – axis at ( 5, 0 ) .

4-0 4
The gradient of the line is =-
0-5 5
(ii) Equation of the line

SOLUTION:
Required to find: The equation of the line
Solution:

The equation of a straight line is of the form y = mx + c , where m =

gradient and c = intercept on the y – axis.

4
Hence, the equation of the line is y = - x + 4 or any other equivalent
5
form.

(iii) the equation of the perpendicular line that passes through P.

SOLUTION:
Required to find: The equation of a perpendicular line on which P lies
Solution:

-1 5
The gradient of any perpendicular to the given line given is = .
4 4
-
5
(The product of the gradients of perpendicular lines = -1 )
 The equation of the perpendicular to the given line and which passes
through P is
y-0 5
=
x-5 4
4 ( y - 0 ) = 5 ( x - 5)
4 y = 5 x - 25 or any other equivalent form.

5. (a) A survey was conducted among 48 persons to find out what mobile network they
used.

The table below shows the results of the survey.

Mobile Network WireTech DigiLec O-Fone Other

Number of Persons 20 12 10 6

(i) If this information is to be represented on a pie chart, what is the angle for
the sector that will represent O-Fone?

SOLUTION:
Data: Table showing the results after 48 persons were surveyed about the
mobile network they used.
Required to find: The angle of the sector representing O-Fone on a pie
chart
Solution:
The angle of the sector to represent O-Fone
Number of persons who use O-Fone
= ´ 360°
Total number of persons in the survey
10
= ´ 360°
48
= 75°

(ii) Using the circle below, with radius shown, represent the information in the
table above on a clearly labelled pie chart.
 SOLUTION:
Required to represent: The information given in the table as a pie chart
Solution:
20
Similarly, the angle of the sector to represent WireTech = ´ 360°
48
= 150°

12
The angle of the sector to represent DigiLec = ´ 360°
48
= 90°

6
The angle of the sector to represent Other = ´ 360°
48
= 45°

OR The angle of the sector representing Oth

= 360° - (150° + 75° + 90°)
= 45°

(b) The incomplete table below shows the results obtained 200 boys and 250 girls on
a Spanish examination.

Grade Boys Girls

I 62
II 75
III 90
IV 30
V 8
Total 200 250
Standard deviation 8.2 6.3
 (i) A girl is chosen at random. Determine the probability that she achieves a
Grade I.

SOLUTION:
Data: Table showing the grades obtained by 200 boys and 250 girls in a
Spanish examination.
Required to find: The probability a girl chosen at random achieves a
Grade I
Solution:
Number of girls who achieved a Grade I
P ( girl achieves Grade I ) =
Total number of girls
62
=
250
31
=
125

(ii) What percentage of the boys who took the exam achieved Grades I to III?

SOLUTION:
Required to find: The percentage of boys who achieved Grades I to III
Solution:
The number of boys who achieved Grades I to III = 200 - ( 30 + 8)
= 162

162
So, the percentage = ´100%
200
= 81%

(iii) Considering the standard deviations in the table, compare the performance
of the boys and the girls.

SOLUTION:
Required to compare: The performance of the boys and the girls
Solution:
The standard deviation of the boys’ performances is larger than the standard
deviation of the girls’ performances. Since standard deviation is a measure
of the spread of the data it means that the marks of the boys were more
‘spread out’ or distributed over its range than the marks of the girls. The
marks of the girls were more concentrated over a smaller range of values.

6. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows an open cylindrical container made of
metal with a circular base and uniform thickness throughout. The length of the
container, from the top to outer bottom, is 120 cm and the inner and outer radii are 14 cm
and 15 cm respectively.

22
Take p to be
7

(a) Draw a cross-sectional view of the container showing the measurements of the
inner and the outer radii.

SOLUTION:
Data: Diagram showing an open cylindrical container of uniform thickness with a
height of 120 cm and inner and outer radii 14 cm and 15 cm respectively.
Required to draw: The cross-sectional view of the container showing the inner
and outer radii
Solution:

(b) Show that the capacity of the container is 73 304 cm3.

SOLUTION:
Required to show: The capacity of the container is 73 304 cm3.
Proof:
 Volume = p r 2 h
= p ´14 ´14 ´119 cm3
22
= ´14 ´14 ´119 cm3
7
= 73304 cm3
Q.E.D
(c) Determine the volume of the material used to make the container.

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The volume of material used to make the container
Solution:
External volume of the cylinder = p ´ (15) ´120 cm3
2

= 84857.142 cm3

Volume of material used

= External volume of the container – Internal volume of the container
= 84857.412 - 73304 cm3
= 11553.142 cm3
» 11553.14 cm3 (correct to 2 decimal places)

(d) Given that the density of the material used to make the container is 2.2 g/cm3,
determine the mass, in kg, of the empty container.

é mass ù
êëdensity = volume úû

SOLUTION:
Data: The density of the material used to make the container is 2.2 g/cm3.
Required to determine: The mass, in kg, of the empty container
Solution:
 Mass
Density =
Volume
\ Mass = Density ´ Volume
= 2.2 gcm - 3 ´ 11553.142 cm3
= 25 416.91 g
25 416.91
= kg
1000
= 25.4 kg

7. A sequence of figures is made from joining polygons with sides of unit length. The first
three figures in the sequence are shown below.

(a) Draw Figure 4 of the sequence.

SOLUTION:
Data: Diagrams showing the first three figures in a sequence of figures made
from joining polygons of units length.
Required to draw: The 4th figure of the sequence
Solution:
Figure 4 should look like Figure 1 attached to Figure 3.

Figure 4
(b) Study the pattern of numbers in each row of the table below. Each row relates to
one of the figures in the sequence of figures. Some rows have not been included
in the table. Complete the rows numbered (i), (ii) and (iii).

Figure 1 Number of Outer Perimeter

Lines of Unit Length
1 1+ 2 + 2 5
2 2+2+4 8
3 3+ 2+ 6 11
! ! !
(i) 6
! ! !
(ii) 65
! ! !
(iii) n

SOLUTION:
Data: Incomplete table showing the number of outer lines and perimeter of each
figure in the sequence.
Required to complete: The table given
Solution:
Figure 1 Number of Outer Perimeter (P)
Lines of Unit Length
(L)
1 1+ 2 + 2 5
2 2+2+4 8
3 3+ 2+ 6 11
Trying to observe a pattern for L in terms of n.
L is the sum of three numbers. The first is always the same number as that of the
figure n. The second is always 2. The third is always twice the number of the
figure, which is 2 ´ n . So we can figure that
L = n + 2 + 2´ n
= n + 2 + 2n

P is the sum of the three numbers in the column for L.

P = n + 2 + 2n
= 3n + 2

So,
n n + 2 + 2n 3n + 2
(i) n=6 L = 6 + 2 + 2 ( 6) P = 20
= 6 + 2 + 12
(ii) If P = 65 , then 3n + 2 = 65
 3n = 65 - 2
3n = 63
n = 21
L = 21 + 2 + 2 ( 21)
= 21 + 2 + 42
n = 21 L = 21 + 2 + 42 P = 65

The completed table looks like:

Figure 1 Number of Outer Perimeter
Lines of Unit Length
1 1+ 2 + 2 5
2 2+2+4 8
3 3+ 2+ 6 11
! ! !
6 6 + 2 + 12 20
! ! !
21 21 + 2 + 42 65
! ! !
n n + 2 + 2n 3n + 2

(c) Show that no figure can have a perimeter of 100 units.

SOLUTION:
Required to show: No figure in the sequence can have a perimeter of 100 units
Proof:
If P = 100 , then
3n + 2 = 100
3n = 100 - 2
3n = 98
7/
𝑛= 8
2
𝑛 = 32 8

2
However, n must be a positive integer and 32 8 is not. So, P ¹ 100 units.

Q.E.D

SECTION II
 Answer ALL questions.

ALGEBRA, RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

8. (a) (i) Complete the table below for the function f ( x ) = 3 + 2 x - x 2 .

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
f ( x) 0 3 4 0 -5

SOLUTION:
Data: Incomplete table of values for the function f ( x ) = 3 + 2 x - x 2 for
the domain -2 £ x £ 4 .
Required to complete: The table of values given
Solution:
f ( -2 ) = 3 + 2 ( -2 ) - ( -2 )
2

= 3- 4- 4
= -5
f ( 2) = 3 + 2 ( 2) - ( 2)
2

= 3+ 4- 4
=3

The completed table looks like:

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
f ( x) -5 0 3 4 3 0 -5

(ii) Complete the grid below to show all the points in the table and hence,
draw the graph of the function f ( x ) = 3 + 2 x - x 2 for -2 £ x £ 4 .
SOLUTION:
Data: Grid showing the points from the table of values plotted.
Required to draw: The graph of f ( x ) = 3 + 2 x - x 2 for -2 £ x £ 4 .
Solution:
(iii) Using the graph above, determine

a) the coordinates of maximum point of f ( x )

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The coordinates of the maximum point of
f ( x) .
Solution:
 The maximum turning point of f ( x ) is (1, 4 ) .

b) the range of values of x for which f ( x ) > 0

SOLUTION:
Required To Determine: The range of values for x for which
f ( x) > 0 .
Solution:
 f ( x) > 0
When x < 3 and x > -1
-1 < x < 3
\ f ( x ) > 0 for {x : -1 < x < 3}

c) the gradient of f ( x ) at x = 1 .

SOLUTION:
Required to find: The gradient of f ( x ) at x = 1 .
Solution:

The tangent at x = 1 is a horizontal line which has a gradient of 0.

Therefore, the gradient of f ( x ) at x = 1 is 0.

(b) Mr. Thomas makes x bottles of juice and y cakes each day. To supply his
customers, he makes at least 20 bottles of juice and no more than 15 cakes each
day.

(i) Write TWO inequalities to represent this information.

SOLUTION:
Data: Mr. Thomas makes at least 20 bottles of juice and no more than 15
cakes each day, where x represents the number of bottles of juice and y
represents the number of cakes made each day.
Required to write: Two inequalities to represent the information given
Solution:
The number of bottles of juice is at least 20.
"##### #$###### % "$% ! 20
x ³
 x ³ 20 …Œ
The number of cakes is no more than 15.
"###$###% "##$## %! 15
y £

y £ 15 …

(ii) Each day, Mr. Thomas uses $163 to make the bottles of juice and the
cakes. The cost to make a bottle of juice is $3.50 while the cost to make a
cake is $5.25.

Write an inequality to represent this information.

SOLUTION:
Data: The cost to make one bottle of juice is $3.50 and the cost to make
one cake is $5.25. Mr. Thomas spends $163 each day to make the bottles
of juice and the cakes.
Required to write: An inequality to represent this information
Solution:
The question should read that Mr. Thomas uses no more than $163 to
make the bottles of juice and the cakes so that we can derive an inequality.
x bottles of juice at $3.50 each at y cakes at $5.25 each cots $163 or less.
So 3.5 ´ x + 5.25 ´ y £ 163
3.5 x + 5.25 y £ 163

(iii) Show that on any given day, it is NOT possible for Mr. Thomas to make
50 bottles of juice and 12 cakes.

SOLUTION:
Required to show: Mr. Thomas cannot make 50 bottles of juice and 12
cakes on any day.
Proof:
50 bottles of juice at $3.50 each and 12 cakes at $5.25 each will cost
50 ´ $3.50 + 12 ´ $5.25 = $175 + $63
= $238

The figure of $238 exceeds Mr. Thomas’ budget of $163 and so making
50 bottles of juice and 12 cakes is not possible on his budget.
Q.E.D.
 GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

9. (a) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a circle. The points P, Q, R, T and
V are on the circumference. QRS is a straight line. Angle PVR = 75° and angle
TRS = 60° .

Determine the value of EACH of the following angles. Show detailed working
where necessary and give a reason to support your answer.

(i) Angle PTR

SOLUTION:
Data: Diagram showing the points P, Q, R, T and V on the circumference.
QRS is a straight line and angle PVR = 75° and angle TRS = 60° .
Required to find: Angle PTR
Solution:

Draw the chord PR.

ˆ = 75°
PTR
(The angles subtended by a chord (PR) at the circumference of a circle
ˆ and PTR
( PVR ˆ ) and standing on the same arc are equal.)
(ii) Angle TPQ

SOLUTION:
Required To Find: Angle TPQ
Solution:

ˆ = 180° - 60°
TRQ
= 120°
(Angles in a straight line.)

ˆ = 180° - 120°
TPR
= 60°
ˆ and TRQ
(The opposite angles ( TPQ ˆ ) of a cyclic quadrilateral are
supplementary.)

(iii) Obtuse angle POR, where O is the center of the circle.

SOLUTION:
Required to find: Obtuse angle POR, where O is the center of the circle
Solution:
 ˆ = 2 ( 75° )
POR
= 150°
ˆ ) is
(The angle subtended by a chord (PR) at the center of a circle ( POR
ˆ )
twice the angle that the chord subtends at the circumference ( PTR
standing on the same arc.)

(b) The person at the top of a lighthouse, TB, sees two ships, S1 and S2, approaching
the coast as illustrated in the diagram below. The angles of depression are 12° and
20° respectively. The ships are 110 m apart.

(i) Complete the diagram below by inserting the angles of depression and the
distance between the ships.

SOLUTION:
Data: Incomplete diagram showing two ships, S1 and S2, 110 m apart,
with angles of depression 12° and 20°, approaching a lighthouse TB.
Required to complete: The diagram with the angles of depression and the
distance between the ships
Solution:

(ii) Determine, to the nearest metre,

a) the distance, TS 2 , between the top of the lighthouse and Ship 2

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The distance TS 2
Solution:

Let us consider DTS1S2 :

𝐵𝑇𝑆0 = 901 − 201

= 701
TSˆ1B = 20° (Alternate angles)
TSˆ1S2 = 180° - 20°
= 160° (Angles in a straight line)
Angle S TSˆ
1 2
= 12° (Angles in a triangle total 180°.)

TS2 110
= (Sine rule)
sin160° sin 8°
110 ´ sin160°
TS2 =
sin 8°
= 270.3 m
» 270 m to the nearest metre
 b) the height of the lighthouse TB.

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: TB, the height of the lighthouse
Solution:
Consider DTBS2 :

TB
sin12° =
270.3
TB = 270.3 ´ sin12°
= 56.1 m
» 56 m correct to the nearest metre

VECTORS AND MATRICES

10. (a) Three matrices are given as follows:

æ -1 2 ö æaö æ 11 ö
P=ç ÷ , Q = ç ÷ and R = ç ÷ .
è 0 5ø èbø è15 ø

(i) Using a calculation to support your answer, explain whether matrix P is a

singular or a non-singular matrix.

SOLUTION:
æ -1 2 ö æaö æ 11 ö
Data: P = ç ÷ , Q = ç ÷ and R = ç ÷
è 0 5ø èbø è15 ø
Required to explain: Whether P is singular or non-singular
Solution:
 æ -1 2 ö
P=ç ÷
è 0 5ø
det P = ( -1´ 5 ) - ( 2 ´ 0 )
= -5 - 0
= -5
¹0
Hence, P is a non-singular matrix since det P or P ¹ 0 .

(ii) Given PQ = R , determine the value of a and of b.

SOLUTION:
Data: PQ = R
Required to determine: a and b
Solution:
P ´ Q = PQ
2´ 2 2 ´1 = 2 ´1
æ -1 2 ö æ a ö æ e11 ö
ç ÷´ç ÷ = ç ÷
è 0 5 ø è b ø è e21 ø
e11 = ( -1´ a ) + ( 2 ´ b )
= - a + 2b
e21 = ( 0 ´ a ) + ( 5 ´ b )
= 5b
æ -a + 2b ö
So PQ = ç ÷
è 5b ø
æ -a + 2b ö æ 11 ö
ç ÷=ç ÷= R
è 5b ø è15 ø
Equating corresponding entries:
5b = 15
\b = 3

- a + 2b = 11
-a + 2 ( 3) = 11
- a = 11 - 6
a = -5

\ a = -5 and b = 3
 (iii) State the reason why the matrix product QP is not possible.

SOLUTION:
Required to state: The reason why the matrix QP cannot be found.
Solution:
Q ´ P
2 ´1 ´ 2 ´ 2
!"#"
$
¹

The number of columns of Q (1) is not equal to the number of rows of P

(2). So, matrix multiplication QP is not possible.

(b) OABC is a parallelogram. X is the midpoint of AB and Y is the midpoint of BC.

!!!" !!!"
OA = r and OC = s .

(i) Complete the diagram below to represent ALL the information given
above.

SOLUTION:
Data: On a parallelogram OABC, X is the midpoint of AB and Y is the
!!!" !!!"
midpoint of BC. OA = r and OC = s .
Required to complete: The parallelogram given to represent the
information given
Solution:

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(ii) Given that OX + OY = k ( r + s ) , where k is a constant, using a vector
method, find the value of k.

SOLUTION:
 !!!" !!!"
Data: OX + OY = k ( r + s ) , where k is a constant
Required to find: k
Solution:
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AB = OC (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
=s
!!!" 1
\ AX = s
2 " !!!"
!!!" !!!
OX = OA + AX
1
=r+ s
2
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CB = OA (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
=r
!!!" !!!" !!!"
OY = OC + CY
1
= s+ r
2

!!!" !!!" 1 1
OX + OY = r + s + s + r
2 2
1 1
= 1 r +1 s
2 2
1 1
= 1 ( r + s ) and which is of the form k ( r + s ) , where k = 1 .
2 2