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are used to explore bugs in software and to verify functionality and make sure both
the reliability and safety of the software they develop. There are tools available for all stages of a
software development project. Some testing tool vendors offer an integrated suite that support testing
and development all through the life of a project, from gathering requirements to supporting the live
system. Other vendors concentrate on a single part of the application development life cycle.

   


Many software applications today are written as web-based applications to be run in an Internet
browser. The efficiency of testing these applications varies widely among different organizations. In an
age of highly interactive and responsive software processes where many organizations are using some
form of agile methodology, test automation is frequently becoming a requirement for software projects.
Test automation is often the answer. Test automation means using a software tool to run repeatable
tests against the application to be tested. For regression testing this provides that responsiveness.

Test automation has many advantages which are related to repeatability of test and execution speed
taken by test. There are a many commercial and open source tools available for supporting the
development of test automation. c
 is one of the open source program which is used to build
test automation for web applications.

Test automation has specific advantages for improving the long-term efficiency of a software team͛s
testing processes. Test automation supports:

Ô? Frequent regression testing

Ô? apid feedback to developers

Ô? irtually unlimited iterations of test case execution

Ô? Support for Agile and extreme development methodologies

Ô? 0isciplined documentation of test cases

Ô? Gustomized defect reporting

Ô? Finding defects missed by manual testing

      

Is automation always advantageous? When should one decide to automate test cases?

It is   always beneficial to automate test cases. For most of the times manual testing may be more
appropriate rather than automate test. For instance, if the application͛s user interface will change
considerably in the near future, then any automation might need to be rewritten anyway. Also,
sometimes there simply is not enough time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing
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may be more effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no test automation
available, and it͛s imperative that the testing get done within that time frame, then manual testing is the
best solution.

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 is set of different software tools each with a different approach to supporting test
automation. it is a portable software testing framework for web applications. Selenium provides a
record/playback tool for authoring tests without learning a test scripting language. Selenium provides a
test domain specific language (0SL) to write tests in a number of popular programming languages,
including G , Java, Groovy, Perl, PHP, Python and uby. Test playback is possible in most modern web
browsers. Selenium deploys on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh platforms. Most Selenium QA Engineers
focus on the one or two tools that most meet the needs of their project, however learning all the tools
will give many different options for approaching different test automation problems. The entire suite of
tools results in a rich set of testing functions specifically geared to the needs of testing of web
applications of all types. These operations are highly flexible, allowing many options for locating UI
elements and comparing expected test results against actual application behavior. One of Selenium͛s
key features is the support for executing one͛s tests on multiple browser platforms.


  
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Selenium first came to life in 2004 when Jason Huggins was testing an internal application at
ThoughtWorks. He developed a Javascript library that could drive interactions with the page, allowing
him to automatically rerun tests against multiple browsers. That library eventually became Selenium
Gore, which underlies all the functionality of Selenium emote Gontrol (G) and Selenium I0E. However
selenium had a drawback because of its Javascript based automation engine and the security limitations
browsers apply to Javascript, different things became impossible to do. To make things ͞worst͟,
webapps became more and more powerful over time, using all sorts of special features new browsers
provide and making this restrictions more and more painful.

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Selenium is composed of multiple software tools. With each tool having its specific role.

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Selenium 2 is the future direction of the project and the newest addition to the Selenium toolkit. This
brand new automation tool provides all sorts of awesome features, including a more cohesive and
object oriented API as well as an answer to the limitations of the old implementation.

As you can read in Brief History of The Selenium Project, both the Selenium and Web0river developers
agreed that both tools have advantages and that merging the two projects would make a much more
robust automation tool.
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Selenium 2.0 is the product of that effort. It supports the Web0river API and underlying technology,
along with the Selenium 1 technology underneath the Web0river API for maximum flexibility in porting
your tests. In addition, Selenium 2 still runs Selenium 1͛s Selenium G interface for backwards
compatibility.

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According to Selenium Project repot - Selenium G was the main Selenium project for a long time,
before the Web0river/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, the newest and more powerful tool.

Selenium 1 is still actively supported (mostly in maintenance mode) and provides some features that
may not be available in Selenium 2 for a while, including support for several languages (Java, Javascript,
Puby, HP, Python, Perl and G ) and support for almost every browser out there.

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Selenium I0E (Integrated 0evelopment Environment) is a prototyping tool for building test scripts. It is a
Firefox plugin and provides an easy-to-use interface for developing automated tests. Selenium I0E has a
recording feature, which records user actions as they are performed and then exports them as a
reusable script in one of many programming languages that can be later executed.

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Selenium-Grid allows the Selenium G solution to scale for large test suites and for test suites that must
be run in multiple environments. Selenium Grid allows you to run your tests in parallel, that is, different
tests can be run at the same time on different remote machines. This has two advantages. First, if you
have a large test suite, or a slow-running test suite, you can boost its performance substantially by using
Selenium Grid to divide your test suite to run different tests at the same time using those different
machines. Also, if you must run your test suite on multiple environments you can have different remote
machines supporting and running your tests in them at the same time. In each case Selenium Grid
greatly improves the time it takes to run your suite by making use of parallel processing.

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Firefox 3.x ecord and playback tests Start browser, run tests Windows, Linux, Mac

Firefox 3 ecord and playback tests Start browser, run tests Windows, Linux, Mac

Firefox 2 ecord and playback tests Start browser, run tests Windows, Linux, Mac

IE 8 Test execution only via Selenium G
Start browser, run tests Windows
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IE 7 Test execution only via Selenium G
Start browser, run tests Windows

IE 6 Test execution only via Selenium G
Start browser, run tests Windows

Safari 4 Test execution only via Selenium G Start browser, run tests Windows, Mac

Safari 3 Test execution only via Selenium G Start browser, run tests Windows, Mac

Safari 2 Test execution only via Selenium G Start browser, run tests Windows, Mac

Opera 10 Test execution only via Selenium G Start browser, run tests Windows, Linux, Mac

Opera 9 Test execution only via Selenium G Start browser, run tests Windows, Linux, Mac

Opera 8 Test execution only via Selenium G Start browser, run tests Windows, Linux, Mac

Google Ghrome Test execution only via Selenium G Start browser, run tests Windows, Linux, Mac

Others Test execution only via Selenium G Partial support possible

As applicable

Tests developed on Firefox via Selenium I0E can be executed on any other supported browser via a
simple Selenium G command line.

Selenium G server can start any executable, but depending on browser security settings there may
be technical limitations that would limit certain features.

.
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Selenium is highly flexible. There are many ways to add functionality to both Selenium test scripts and
Selenium͛s framework to customize your test automation. This is perhaps Selenium͛s greatest strenght
when compared with other automation tools. These customizations are described in various places
throughout this document. In addition, since Selenium is Open Source, the sourcecode can always be
downloaded and modified.
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'
 
Selenium Project
http://seleniumhq.org/docs/06_test_design_considerations.html

Selenium
http://seleniumhq.org/