1. The Fibonacci sequence is defined by the following rule.

The first 2 values in the

sequence are 1, 1.Every subsequent value is the sum of the 2 values preceding it.
Write a Java Program that uses bothrecursive and non-recursivefunctionsto print
thenthvalueof theFibonacci sequence.
Answer:
import java.util.*;
class Function
{
void nrcf(int a,int b,int c,int n)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n-2;i++)
{
c=a+b;
a=b;
b=c;
}
a=b=1;
System.out.println("nth value in the series using non recursive
function is : "+c);

}
void rcf(int a,int b,int c,int n)
{

if(n-2>0)
{
c=a+b;
a=b;
b=c;
rcf(a,b,c,n-1);
return;
}

System.out.println("\nnth value in the series using recursive

function is : "+c);
}
 }

class Fibonacci
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Function f=new Function();
int n,a=1,b=1,c=0;
Scanner scr=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("\nEnter n value: ");
n=scr.nextInt();
f.nrcf(a,b,c,n);
f.rcf(a,b,c,n);
}
}
2. Write a Java Program that prompts the user for an integer and then prints out all
the prime numbers uptothat integer.
Answer:
import java.util.Scanner;
class PrimeNumbers
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n;
int p;
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter a number: ");
n=s.nextInt();
for(int i=2;i<n;i++)
{
p=0;
for(int j=2;j<=i/2;j++)
{
if(i%j==0)
p=1;
}
 if(p==0)
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
3. Writeajavaprogramtoimplement callbyvalue andcall byreferencemechanisms.
Answer:
public class CallByValue
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a = 30;
int b = 45;
System.out.println("Before swapping, a = " + a + " and b = " + b);
// Invoke the swap method
swapFunction(a, b);
System.out.println("\n**Now, Before and After swapping values will be same
here**:");
System.out.println("After swapping, a = " + a + " and b is " + b);
}
public static void swapFunction(int a, int b)
{
System.out.println("Before swapping(Inside), a = " + a + " b = " + b);
// Swap n1 with n2
int c = a;
a = b;
b = c;
System.out.println("After swapping(Inside), a = " + a + " b = " + b);
}
}

CallByReference Example

public class CallByReference

{
public static void main(String[] args)
 {
IntWrapper a = new IntWrapper(30);
IntWrapper b = new IntWrapper(45);
System.out.println("Before swapping, a = " + a.a + " and b = " + b.a);
// Invoke the swap method
swapFunction(a, b);
System.out.println("\n**Now, Before and After swapping values will be
different here**:");
System.out.println("After swapping, a = " + a.a + " and b is " + b.a);
}
public static void swapFunction(IntWrapper a, IntWrapper b)
{
System.out.println("Before swapping(Inside), a = " + a.a + " b = " + b.a);
// Swap n1 with n2
IntWrapper c = new IntWrapper(a.a);
a.a = b.a;
b.a = c.a;
System.out.println("After swapping(Inside), a = " + a.a + " b = " + b.a);
}
}
class IntWrapper {
public int a;
public IntWrapper(int a){ this.a = a;}
}

4. WriteaJavaProgram thatchecks whether agivenstringis apalindromeornot.

Answer:
import java.util.*;
public class Palindrome
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String a, b = "";
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the string you want to check:");
a = s.nextLine();
 int n = a.length();
for(int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
b = b + a.charAt(i);
}
if(a.equalsIgnoreCase(b))
{
System.out.println("The string is palindrome.");
}
else
{
System.out.println("The string is not palindrome.");
}
}
}
5. WriteaJavaProgramtocheckthecompatibilityformultiplication,ifcompatiblemultiply
twomatricesand find its transpose.
Answer:
import java.util.Scanner;
class Matrix
{
void matrixMul(int m, int n, int p, int q)
{
int[][] a,b,c,t;
a = new int[m][n];
b = new int[p][q];
c = new int[m][q];
t = new int[q][m];
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter the elements of matrix A: ");
for(int i = 0; i < m; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
a[i][j] = s.nextInt();
}
}
System.out.println("Enter the elements of matrix B: ");
for(int i = 0; i < p; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < q; j++)
{
b[i][j] = s.nextInt();
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < m; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < q; j++)
{
for(int k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
c[i][j] += a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
System.out.println("Elements of result matrix C are: ");
for(int i = 0; i < m; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < q; j++)
{
System.out.print(c[i][j]+"\t");
}
System.out.print("\n");
}
for(int i = 0; i < q; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < m; j++)
{
t[i][j] = c[j][i];
}
}
System.out.println("Elements of transpose matrix T are: ");
 for(int i = 0; i < q; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < m; j++)
{
System.out.print(t[i][j]+"\t");
}
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
}
class TransposeMatrix
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter no of rows in first matrix: ");
int m = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter no of columns in first matrix: ");
int n = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter no of rows in second matrix: ");
int p = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter no of columns in second matrix: ");
int q = s.nextInt();
if(n == p)
{
Matrix obj = new Matrix();
obj.matrixMul(m,n,p,q);
}
else
{
System.out.println("Matrix multiplication cannot be
performed...");
}
}
}
6. WriteaJavaprogram toimplementconstructor overloadingandmethodoverloading.
Answer:
Constructor Overloading
public class ConstructorOverloading
{
//instance variables of the class
int id;
String name;
ConstructorOverloading()
{
System.out.println("this a zero argument constructor");
id=1;
name="john";
}
ConstructorOverloading(int i, String n)
{
id = i;
name = n;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//object creation
ConstructorOverloading s = new ConstructorOverloading();
System.out.println("\nZero Argument Constructor values: \n");
System.out.println("Student Id : "+s.id + "\nStudent Name : "+s.name);

System.out.println("\nParameterized Constructor values: \n");

ConstructorOverloading student = new ConstructorOverloading(10, "David");
System.out.println("Student Id : "+student.id + "\nStudent Name :
"+student.name);
}
}

Method Overloading
class Adder
{
static int add(int a,int b)
 {
return a+b;
}
static int add(int a,int b,int c)
{
return a+b+c;
}
static float add(float a,float b)
{
return a+b;
}
static float add(int a,float b)
{
return a+b;
}
static float add(float a,int b)
{
return a+b;
}
}
class MethodOverloading
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println(Adder.add(11,11));
System.out.println(Adder.add(11,11,11));
System.out.println(Adder.add(11.55f,2.66f));
System.out.println(Adder.add(10,5.66f));
System.out.println(Adder.add(10.56f,11));
}
}

7. WriteaJavaProgram thatillustrates howruntimepolymorphismis achieved.

Answer:
abstract class Figure
{
int dim1, dim2;
Figure(int x, int y)
{
dim1 = x;
dim2 = y;
}
abstract void area();
}
class Triangle extends Figure
{
Triangle(int x, int y)
{
super(x,y);
}
void area()
{
System.out.println("Area of triangle is: "+(dim1*dim2)/2);
}
}
class Rectangle extends Figure
{
Rectangle(int x, int y)
{
super(x,y);
}
void area()
{
System.out.println("Area of rectangle is: "+(dim1*dim2));
}
}
class RuntimePoly
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Figure f;
 Triangle t = new Triangle(20,30);
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(20,30);
f = t;
f.area();
f = r;
f.area();
}
}
8. WriteaJavaProgramthat illustratestheuseof superkeyword.
Answer:
class Animal
{
String color="white";
}
class Dog extends Animal
{
String color="black";
void printColor()
{
System.out.println(color);//prints color of Dog class
System.out.println(super.color);//prints color of Animal class
}
}
class TestSuper1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Dog d=new Dog();
d.printColor();
}
}

9. WriteaJavaProgramtocreateanddemonstrate packages.
Answer:
package FirstPackage;
 
// Class in which the above created package belong to
class Welcome {
    // main driver method
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // Print statement for the successful
        // compilation and execution of the program
        System.out.println(
            "This Is The First Program Geeks For Geeks..");
    }
}
Command: javac -d . Welcome.java
Command: java FirstPackage.Welcome

10. Write a Java Program, using String Tokenizer class, which reads a line of
integers and then displayseachinteger and the sumof all integers.
Answer:
import java.util.*;
 
class StringTokenizerDemo {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        int n;
        int sum = 0;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter integers with one space gap:");
        String s = sc.nextLine();
        StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(s, " ");
        while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
            String temp = st.nextToken();
            n = Integer.parseInt(temp);
            System.out.println(n);
            sum = sum + n;
        }
        System.out.println("sum of the integers is: " + sum);
        sc.close();
    }
}

11. Write a Java Program that reads on file name form the user then displays
information about whetherthe file exists, whether the file is readable/ writable, the
type of file and the length of the file in bytesanddisplay thecontent of theusing
FileInputStream class.
Answer:
import java.io.*;
class filedemo
{
public static void p(String str)
{
System.out.println(str);
}
public static void analyze(String s)
{
File f=new File(s);
if(f.exists())
{
p(f.getName()+" is a file");
p(f.canRead()?" is readable":" is not readable");
p(f.canWrite()?" is writable":" is not writable");
p("Filesize:"+f.length()+" bytes");
p("File last mdified:"+f.lastModified());
}
if(f.isDirectory())
{
p(f.getName()+" is directory");
p("List of files");
String dir[]=f.list();
for(int i=0;i<dir.length;i++)
p(dir[i]);
}
}

}
public class FileDetails
{
public static void main(String rr[])throws IOException
{
filedemo fd=new filedemo();
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
 System.out.println("Enter the file name:");
String s=br.readLine();
fd.analyze(s);
}
}

12. WriteaJavaProgramthatdisplays thenumber of characters,linesand

wordsinatext/textfile.
Answer:
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
class CFile
{
public static void main(String args[])throws IOException
{
int nl=1,nw=0;
char ch;
Scanner scr=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("\nEnter File name: ");
String str=scr.nextLine();
FileInputStream f=new FileInputStream(str);
int n=f.available();
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
ch=(char)f.read();
if(ch=='\n')
nl++;
else if(ch==' ')
nw++;

}
System.out.println("\nNumber of lines : "+nl);
System.out.println("\nNumber of words : "+(nl+nw));
System.out.println("\nNumber of characters : "+n);

}
 }

13. Write a Java Program to implement a Queue, using user defined Exception
Handling (also make use ofthrow, throws).
Answer:
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
class QueueError extends Exception
{
public QueueError(String msg)
{
super(msg);
}
}
class Que
{
private int size;
private int front = -1;
private int rear = -1;
private Integer[] queArr;
public Que(int size)
{
this.size = size;
queArr = new Integer[size];
}
public void insert(int item) throws Exception,QueueError
{
try
{
if(rear == size-1)
{
throw new QueueError("Queue Overflow");
}
else if(front==-1)
{
rear++;
queArr[rear] = item;
front = rear;
}
else
{
rear++;
queArr[rear] = item;
}
}
catch(QueueError qe)
{
qe.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void delete() throws Exception,QueueError
{
try
{
if(front == -1)
{
throw new QueueError("Queue Underflow");
}
else if(front==rear)
{
System.out.println("\nRemoved "+queArr[front]+" from Queue");
queArr[front] = null;
front--;
rear--;
}
else
{
System.out.println("\nRemoved "+queArr[front]+" from Queue");
queArr[front] = null;
for(int i=front+1;i<=rear;i++)
{
queArr[i-1]=queArr[i];
}
rear--;
}
}
catch(QueueError qe)
{
qe.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void display() throws Exception,QueueError
{
try
{
if(front==-1)
throw new QueueError("Queue is Empty");
else
{
System.out.print("\nQueue is: ");
for(int i=front;i<=rear;i++)
{
System.out.print(queArr[i]+"\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
catch(QueueError qe)
{
qe.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class QueueEx
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception,QueueError
{
System.out.println("\n\n\tQueue test using Array\n\n");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter size of Queue array: ");
int size = scan.nextInt();
Que que = new Que(size);
char ch;
try
{
while(true)
{
System.out.println("\n\n\tQueue operations \n");
System.out.println("1. Insert");
System.out.println("2. Delete");
System.out.println("3. Display");
System.out.println("4. Exit\n");
System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");
int choice = scan.nextInt();
switch(choice)
{
 case 1: System.out.print("\nEnter integer number to insert:");
que.insert(scan.nextInt());
break;
case 2:que.delete();
break;
case 3:que.display();
break;
case 4:return ;
}
}
}
catch(QueueError qe)
{
qe.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

14. Write a Java Program that creates 3 threads by extending Thread class. First
thread displays “Good Morning” every 1 sec, the second thread displays “Hello”
every 2 seconds and the third displays“Welcome”every 3 seconds. (Repeat
thesamebyimplementingRunnable).
Answer:
import java.io.*;
class One extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
{
try{
Thread.sleep(1000); }
catch(InterruptedException e){
System.out.println(e); }
System.out.println("Good Morning");
}
}
}
class Two extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
{
try{
Thread.sleep(2000); }
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
System.out.println("Hello ");
}
}
}

class Three implements Runnable

{
public void run()
{
for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
{
try{
Thread.sleep(3000); }
catch(InterruptedException e){
System.out.println(e); }
System.out.println("Welcome");
}
}
}
class ThreadEx
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
One t1=new One();
 Two t2=new Two();
Three tt=new Three();
Thread t3=new Thread(tt);
t1.setName("One");
t2.setName("Two");
t3.setName("Three");
System.out.println(t1);
System.out.println(t2);
System.out.println(t3);
Thread t=Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(t);
t1.start();t2.start();t3.start();
}
}
15. WriteaJavaProgram demonstratingthe lifecycleofathread.
Answer:
class A1 extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread A");
System.out.println("i in Thread A ");
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println("i = " + i);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("Thread A Completed.");
}
}
class B extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread B");
System.out.println("i in Thread B ");
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
 System.out.println("i = " + i);
}
System.out.println("Thread B Completed.");
}
}
public class ThreadLifeCycleDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// life cycle of Thread
// Thread's New State
A1 threadA = new A1();
B threadB = new B();
// Both the above threads are in runnable state
// Running state of thread A & B
threadA.start();
// Move control to another thread
threadA.yield();
// Blocked State of thread B
try {
threadA.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
threadB.start();
System.out.println("Main Thread End");
}
}

16. Write an Applet that displays the content of a file.

Answer:
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
 String content = "";
try{
char ch;
StringBuffer buff = new StringBuffer("");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("sample.txt");
while(fis.available()!=0)
{
ch = (char)fis.read();
buff.append(ch);
}
fis.close();
content = new String(buff);
}
catch(FileNotFoundException e)
{
System.out.println("Cannot find the specified file...");
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println("Cannot read file...");
}
g.drawString(content,20,20);
}
}
/*
<applet code="MyApplet" height="300" width="500">
</applet>
*/
Command:javac MyApplet.java
Command:appletviewer MyApplet.java
17. Write a Java Program that works as a simple calculator. Use a gridlay out to
arrange buttons for the digits and for the +-*?% operations. Add atext field to
display the result
Answer:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*<applet code="Calculator1" width=300 height=300></applet>*/
public class Calculator1 extends Applet implements ActionListener
{
TextField t;
Button b[]=new Button[15];
Button b1[]=new Button[6];
String op2[]={"+","-","*","%","=","C"};
String str1="";
int p=0,q=0;
String oper;
public void init()
{
setLayout(new GridLayout(5,4));
t=new TextField(20);
setBackground(Color.pink);
setFont(new Font("Arial",Font.BOLD,20));
int k=0;
t.setEditable(false);
t.setBackground(Color.white);
t.setText("0");
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
b[i]=new Button(""+k);
add(b[i]);
k++;
b[i].setBackground(Color.pink);
b[i].addActionListener(this);
}

for(int i=0;i<6;i++)
{
b1[i]=new Button(""+op2[i]);
add(b1[i]);
b1[i].setBackground(Color.pink);
b1[i].addActionListener(this);
 }
add(t);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{

String str=ae.getActionCommand();

if(str.equals("+")){ p=Integer.parseInt(t.getText());
oper=str;
t.setText(str1="");
}
else if(str.equals("-")){ p=Integer.parseInt(t.getText());
oper=str;
t.setText(str1="");
}
else if(str.equals("*")){ p=Integer.parseInt(t.getText());
oper=str;
t.setText(str1="");
}
else if(str.equals("%")){ p=Integer.parseInt(t.getText());
oper=str;
t.setText(str1="");
}
else if(str.equals("=")) { str1="";
if(oper.equals("+")) {
q=Integer.parseInt(t.getText());
t.setText(String.valueOf((p+q)));}

else if(oper.equals("-")) {
q=Integer.parseInt(t.getText());
t.setText(String.valueOf((p-q))); }

else if(oper.equals("*")){
q=Integer.parseInt(t.getText());
t.setText(String.valueOf((p*q))); }
 else if(oper.equals("%")){
q=Integer.parseInt(t.getText());
t.setText(String.valueOf((p%q))); }
}

else if(str.equals("C")){ p=0;q=0;

t.setText("");
str1="";
t.setText("0");
}

else{ t.setText(str1.concat(str));
str1=t.getText();
}

}
Command1:javac Calculator1.java
Command2:appletviewer Calculator1.java

18. Writea Java Program for handling mouse events, keyboard events.
Answer:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*<applet code="MouseEvents" width=300 height=100></applet>*/

public class MouseEvents extends Applet implements MouseListener,

MouseMotionListener,MouseWheelListener {
String msg = "";
int mouseX = 0, mouseY = 0; // coordinates of mouse

public void init() {

addMouseListener(this);
addMouseMotionListener(this);
addMouseWheelListener(this);
}

// Handle mouse clicked.

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me) {
// save coordinates
mouseX = 0;
mouseY = 10;
msg = "Mouse clicked.";
repaint();
}

// Handle mouse entered.

public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent me) {
// save coordinates
mouseX = 0;
mouseY = 10;
msg = "Mouse entered.";

repaint();
}
// Handle mouse exited.
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent me) {
// save coordinates
mouseX = 0;
mouseY = 10;
msg = "Mouse exited.";
repaint();
}
// Handle button pressed.
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) {
// save coordinates
mouseX = me.getX();
mouseY = me.getY();
msg = "Down";
repaint();
}
// Handle button released.
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me) {
// save coordinates
mouseX = me.getX();

mouseY = me.getY();
msg = "Up";
repaint();
}
// Handle mouse dragged.
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent me) {
// save coordinates
mouseX = me.getX();
mouseY = me.getY();
msg = "*";
showStatus("Dragging mouse at " + mouseX + ", " + mouseY);
repaint();
}
// Handle mouse moved.
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent me) {
// show status
showStatus("Moving mouse at " + me.getX() + ", " + me.getY());
}

// Handle mouse wheel moved.

public void mouseWheelMoved(MouseWheelEvent me) {
// show status
showStatus("Mouse Wheel Moving at " + me.getX() + ", " + me.getY());

}
// Display msg in applet window at current X,Y location.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString(msg, mouseX, mouseY);
 }
}
Command1:javac MouseEvents.java
Command2:appletviewer MouseEvents.java

19. Write a Java Program that allows user to draw lines, rectangles and ovals.
Answer:
import java.applet.*;

import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

/*

<applet code="Lro" height="400" width="500" border="1">

</applet>

*/

public class Lro extends JApplet

public void paint(Graphics g)

super.paint(g);

g.setColor(Color.red);

g.drawLine(5,30,350,30);

g.setColor(Color.blue);
 g.drawRect(5,40,90,55);

g.fillRect(100,40,90,55);

g.setColor(Color.cyan);

g.fillRoundRect(195,40,90,55,50,50);

g.drawRoundRect(290,40,90,55,20,20);

g.setColor(Color.yellow);

g.draw3DRect(5,100,90,55,true);

g.fill3DRect(100,100,90,55,false);

g.setColor(Color.magenta);

g.drawOval(195,100,90,55);

g.fillOval(290,100,90,55);

}
Command1:javac Lro.java
Command2:appletviewer Lro.java

20. Write a Java Program that lets users create Piecharts. Design your own user
interface (with Swings & AWT).
Answer:
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Pie_Chart extends Applet
{
 int[] data_values;
Color[] data_clr;
int total;
//Function to create a data set
public void init()
{
setBackground(Color.white);
//Create a data set to represent in pie-chart
data_values=new int[]{10,25,12,15,15,18,5};
data_clr=new Color[]{Color.red,Color.blue,Color.green,Color.yellow,
Color.orange,Color.black,Color.white};
}
//Function to get the sum of all data values
public void start()
{
int n = data_values.length;
int i;
total=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
total+=data_values[i];
}
}
//Function to draw the pie chart
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
int i;
int start_angle = 0;
for(i=0;i<data_values.length;i++)
{
int arc_angle = (int)(data_values[i]*360 / total);
g.drawArc(100,100,300,300,start_angle,arc_angle);
g.setColor(data_clr[i]);
g.fillArc(100,100,300,300,start_angle,arc_angle);
start_angle+=arc_angle;
}
}
}
/*
<applet code = Pie_Chart.class width=500 height=500>
</applet>
*/
Command1:javac Pie_Chart.java
Command2:appletviewer Pie_Chart.java