Scribd
Upload
585 views4 pages

Current-Electricity Notes

1. Electricity is the flow of electric charges through a conductor. Positive and negative charges attract each other and like charges repel. 2. An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charges through a cross-sectional area. It is measured in Amperes. Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points and is measured in Volts. 3. Resistance opposes the flow of current and is measured in Ohms. Ohm's Law states that voltage is directly proportional to current. Resistance depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor.

Uploaded by

Piyush Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
585 views4 pages

Current-Electricity Notes

1. Electricity is the flow of electric charges through a conductor. Positive and negative charges attract each other and like charges repel. 2. An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charges through a cross-sectional area. It is measured in Amperes. Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points and is measured in Volts. 3. Resistance opposes the flow of current and is measured in Ohms. Ohm's Law states that voltage is directly proportional to current. Resistance depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor.

Uploaded by

Piyush Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Charge: Like mass, the charge is the fundamental property of matter. There are two types of
charge: -
1. Positive charge
2. Negative charge
Positive and Negative Charge: The charge acquired on the glass rod when rubbed with silk is
called a positive charge and the charge acquired on an ebonite rod when rubbed with wool is called
negative charge.
Properties of Electric Charge:
1. Unlike charges attract each other and like charges repel each other.
2. The force between two charges (𝑞1 & 𝑞2 ) varies directly as the product of charges and
inversely as the square of the distance (r) between them.

𝑞1 ∗𝑞2 𝑞1 ∗𝑞2
𝐹𝛼 or, 𝐹 = 𝑘
𝑟2 𝑟2
𝑘 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
S.I. unit of charge is coulomb (C).

Electricity:
Keywords: Electric current, electric circuit, voltage or electric potential, resistance and Ohm’s
law.
Electric Current: The rate of flow of electric chares through a conductor is called Electric
current. ‘Rate of flow’ means, the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time.
Electric current is denoted by the letter ‘I’.
If a net electric charge (Q) flows through a cross-section of a conductor in time t, then,
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
Electric current (I) =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
S.I. Unit of current is Ampere (A).

Electric potential: The amount of electric potential energy at a point is called electric potential.
Potential Difference: The difference in the amount of electric potential energy between two
points in an electric circuit is called electric potential difference.
Electric potential difference is known as voltage, which is equal to the amount of work done to
move the unit charge between two points against static electric field.
So, 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 =
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒

S.I. unit of electric potential difference is volt and denoted by ‘V’.


Conductor: The material which can allow the flow of electrons through itself is called conductor.
Insulator: The material which does not allow the flow of electrons through itself is called
insulator.

Ohm’s Law: According to this law, under the constant physical conditions the potential
difference across the conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the
conductor.
i.e. VαI
V=IR
where R is constant for the given conductor at a given temperature is called resistance.

Resistance: Resistance is the property of conductor which resists the flow of electric current
through it.
S.I. unit of resistance is ohm.

Graph of ohm’s law


Combination of Resistance in series:
1. In this combination the current across every component is same but potential across every
component is different.
2. If resistance 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 are connected in series with a battery of Potential V, the
equivalence resistance of the combination :
R = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3

Combination of Resistance in parallel:


1. In this combination the current across every component is different. But potential across
every component is the same.
2. If resistance 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 are connected in parallel with a battery of Potential V, then
equivalence resistance of combination
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3

Factors on which Resistance in a conductor depends: -


1. Nature of Material: Some materials create least hindrance and hence, are called good
conductor. Silver is the best conductor of electricity. While some other materials create
more hindrance in the flow of electric current, such materials are called bad conductors.
Bad conductors are also known as insulators. Hard plastic is the best insulators of
electricity.
2. Length of conductor: Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor.
This means, resistance increases with increase in the length of the conductor.
RαL
3. Area of Cross Section: Resistance is inversely proportional to the area of cross section of
the conductor. This means resistance will decrease with an increase in the area of conductor
and vice versa.
𝟏
Rα
𝑨
Electric Power (P): The electric work done per unit time is called electric power.
OR
The electric energy consumed per unit time is called electric power.
i.e., 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

Heat generated by electric current: Some amount of heat is produced when current is flow
through the conductor, the amount of heat calculated by: -
𝐻 = 𝐼2 𝑅𝑇

You might also like