EXERCISE # (S-1)

HCV Worked out Examples(Chapter No. 15 - 1,2,3)

1. A transverse wave is travelling along a string from left to right. The fig. represents the shape of
the string (snap-shot) at a given instant. At this instant (a) which points have an upward
velocity (b) which points will have downward velocity (c) which points have zero velocity (d)
which points have maximum magnitude of velocity.

Ans. (a) DEF, (b) ABH, (c) CG, (D) AE

Sol.

upward velocityD,E,F
downward velocityA,B,H
zero velocityC,G
vmaxA,E

2. A sinusoidal wave propagates along a string. In figure (a) and (b). ‘y’ represents displacement
of particle from the mean position. ‘x’ & ‘t’ have usual meanings. Find :
y (in mm) y (in mm)
for x = 2m at t = 3s
+3
2 4 6 1 3 5
0 t (in sec.) x (in m)

–3

(a) (b)
(a) wavelength, frequency and speed of the wave.
(b) maximum velocity and maximum acceleration of the particles
(c) the magnitude of slope of the string at x = 2 at t = 4 sec.
1 3 3 2
Ans. (a)  = 4m, f = Hz, 1 m/s. (b) mm/s, mm/s2, (c) zero
4 2 4

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 60
Sol.
A=3 y = 0 at x = 2 and t = 0
 = 4m
2
k= T = 4 sec

 
k= =
2 2
  
y = 3 sec  t  x   
2 2 
  
0 = 3 sec  0  x 2   
 2 

  1
 f= = = Hz
2 2 2 4
1
v = f  4  1m / sec
4
3
vmax = A = m/s
2
32
amax=  A = m/s
4

3. A light pointer fixed to one prong of a tuning fork touches a vertical plate. The fork is set
vibrating and plate is allowed to fall freely. 8 complete oscillations are counted when the plate
falls through 10 cm. What is the frequency of the tuning fork ?
Ans. 40 2
Sol. Plate fall by 10cm. in ‘t’ time
1 2  10 
gt   
2  100 
2
t= sec
10
2
8 oscillation sec
10

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 61
 2
T= sec
80
1
f =  40 2
T

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 15 - 2,3,4,6,9,12)

HCV Worked out Examples(Chapter No. 15 - 4,5)

4. The extension in a string, obeying Hooke's law is x . The speed of wave in the stretched string
is v. If the extension in the string is increased to 1.5x find the new the speed of wave.
Ans. 1.22 v
kx
Sol. v=

k(1.5x)
v' =

v' = 1.5v
v' = 1.22 v

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 15 - 14,15,17,21,22,25,27)

5. A steel wire has a mass of 5g/m and is under tension 450 N. Find the maximum average power
that can be carried by the transverse wave in the wire if the amplitude is not to exceed 20% of
the wavelength.
Ans. 10.8 × 104 W
1
<P> = µvA 
2 2
Sol.
2
T
v= A 0.2 
µ
1
 P  A2 P 
2
For Pmax, Amax
 A2 
 2   (0.2)
2

 
1 A2
<P> = v  v2 (2) 2  2 = 10. 8 × 104W
2 

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 15 - 28,29,30)

HCV Worked out Examples (Chapter No. 15 - 6,7,8,9,10)
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 62
6. The figure shown a triangular pulse on a rope at t = 0. It is approaching a fixed end at 2 cm/s
(a) Draw the pulse at t = 2 sec.
(b) The particle speed on the leading edge at the instant depicted is _____.

Ans. (a) ; (b) 2 cm/s

Sol.
vp= – vw× slope
= – (2cm/s) (–1) = 2 cm/sec
At t = 2 sec
x = 2 × 2 = 4 cm (will reflect back) [invert shape]

7. A 40 cm long wire having a mass 3.2 gm and area of cross-section 1 mm2is stretched between
the supports 40.05 cm apart. In its fundamental mode it vibrate with a frequency 1000/64 Hz.
Find the young’s modulus of the wire.
Ans. 1 × 109Nm2
0.05
Sol. Strain =
40
T
Stress = 6
10
1000 v
Fundamental frequency  
64 2L
T
L = 40 cm, v =

100 T/
  = 3.12 gm/40cm
64 2  40 102
T = 1.25 N
stress T 40
Y=  6  109 N / m2
strain 10 0.05

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 63
8. A long uniform string of mass density 0.1 kg/m is stretched with a force of 40 N. One end of
the string (x = 0) is oscillated transversely (sinusoid ally) with an amplitude of 0.02 m and a
period of 0.1 sec, so that travelling waves in the +x direction are set up.
(a) What is the velocity of the waves?
(b) What is their wavelength?
(c) If at the driving end (x = 0) the displacement (y) at t = 0 is 0.01 m with dy/dt negative, what
is the equation of the travelling waves?
Ans. (a) 20 m/s; (b) 2 m; (c) y(x,t) = 0.02sin (x – 20t + /6)]
T 40
Sol. v   20 m / s
 0.1 (T = 0.1 sec, f = 10 Hz)
v = f
 = 10
2
 2m k=   

 equation
y = 0.02 sin [tx + ]
At t = 0, x = 0
y = 0.01
1 dy
sin    negative
2 dt
 = 2f = 20
5

6
5
y = 0.02 sec (20t – x + )
6

9. A string between x = 0 and x = l vibrates in fundamental mode. The amplitude A, tension T and
mass per unit length  is given. Find the total energy of the string. [IIT JEE-2003(Scr)]
x=0 x=l
A 2 2 T
Ans. E
4l


=
Sol. 2
Let y = A sin kx cos t
Consider total Energy at t = 0
T.E. = K.E. + P.E.

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 64
 2 2
1  dy  1  dy 
=  2 ( dx)  dt    2 Tdx  dx 
1
=  2 ( dx) A22 sin2kx sin2t

1
+  2 Tdx A2k2 cos2kx cos2t

1
 2 TA k2 cos2kx dx
2
=0+ (at t = 0)
0

2 2 1  cos 2 kx
Put K =  and cos2 kx =
 2 2
A 2 2 T
 TE =
4

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 15 - 32,33,35,37,39,42,46,48,49,52,53,55,57)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 65
 EXERCISE # (S-2)
1. A long string under tension of 100 N has one end at x = 0. A sinusoidal wave is generated at
 x  
x = 0 whose equation is given by y = (0.01 cm) sin  m   50t (sec) 
 10  
1
(i) Sketch the shape of the string at t = sec.
50
(ii) Find the average power transmitted by the wave.
(iii) Draw velocity time graph of particle at x = 5 m.

Ans. (i) ; (ii) 25 × 10–6W; (iii) , solved

1
Sol. At t = sec
50
 x   x 
y = (0.01cm) sin     –0.01sin  
 10   10 

1 1
<P> = µvA 22  µvA 2 v2 k 2
2 2
–6
= 25 × 10 W
 
y at (x = 5) y = 0.01 sin  – 50t 
2 
= 0.01 cos (50t)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 66
2. The figure shows a snap photograph of a vibrating string at t = 0. The particle P is observed
moving up with velocity 20 cm/s. The angle made by string with x-axis at P is 6°.

(a) Find the direction in which the wave is moving

(b) the equation of the wave
(c) the total energy carried by the wave per cycle of the string , assuming that , the mass per
unit length of the string = 50 gm/m.
(a) negative x ; (b) y = 4×10–3 sin 100  3t  0.5 x 
1  2 –5
Ans.  (x , y in meter) ; (c) 144 ×10 J
 400 
Sol. (a) vp = – v× slope
at P, vp + ve
slope + ve
so, v = –ve [wave travelling towards left]

(b) y = 4 sin (kx + )
4
2
× 10–2 m k= ×100 = 50
4
 vpv × slope
 20 
  m / s   v tan 6
 100 
20 180
v =   6m / s.
100 6

y = 4 ×10–3 sin (50x + 300t + )
4
1 2 2
p = A  v
2
1 3 3 2
= 50 10 (4 10 ) (300 )  6
2

2
= 1442×10–5

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 67
3. A pulse travels on a string under tension. The transverse displacement of the string from its
equilibrium position is given by y = f (x–150 t) where x is in meters and t is in seconds.

(a) The pulse (y) is plotted as a function of x for t = 0. Draw the pulse (in the panels given)
(i) as a function of x for t = 0.04 s (ii) as a function of t for x = 0.
(b) Find the velocity of a particle at t = 0, x = 1m.

Ans. (a) (i)

(ii)

(b) vp = –1 m/s (downwards)

4
Sol. (a) V= 150 m/s ; x = vt ; x = 150 × = 6m
100

y
(b) vp=  v
x w
1cm
vp = × 150 m/s
1.5cm
vp = –1 m/s (downwards)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 68
4. A symmetrical triangular pulse of maximum height 0.4 m and total length 1 m is moving in the
positive x-direction on a string on which the wave speed is 24 m/s. At t = 0 the pulse is entirely
located between x = 0 and x = 1 m. Draw a graph of the transverse velocity of particle of string
versus time at x =+1m.

Ans.
Sol. Shape of string at t = 0
y

0.4m A

x
0 1m

Before point A crosses x = 1m

vp = – slope × vw
 0.4 
=–   × 24 = +19.2 m/s
 0.5 
After point A crosses x = 1 m
vp = –19.2 m/s
Hence Graph :

5. A parabolic pulse given by equation y (in cm) = 0.3 – 0.1(x – 5t)2 (y  0) x in meter and t in
second travelling in a uniform string. The pulse passes through a boundary beyond which its
velocity becomes 2.5 m/s. What will be the amplitude of pulse in this medium after
transmission?
Ans. 0.2 cm
2v 2 2  2.5
Sol. At = Ai =  0.3 = 0.2 cm
v 2  v1 2.5  5

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 69
6. A steel wire 8 × 10–4 m in diameter is fixed to a support at one end and is wrapped round a
cylindrical tuning peg 5 mm in diameter at the other end. The length of the wire between the
peg and the support is 0.06 m. The wire is initially kept taut but without any tension. What will
be the fundamental frequency of vibration of the wire if it is tightened by giving the peg a
quarter of a turn?
Density of steel = 7800 kg/m3,Y of steel = 20 × 1010 N/m2.
Ans. 10800 Hz
1
Sol. Extension in wire () = × 2r
4
   T
So y  
   A
1 T
f0 = (where  = A)
2L 

7. A string fixed at both ends is vibrating in the lowest mode of vibration for which a point at
quarter of its length from one end is a point of maximum displacement. The frequency of
vibration in this mode is 100 Hz. What will be the frequency emitted when it vibrates in the
next mode such that this point is again a point of maximum displacement?
Ans. 300 Hz

Sol.
 

4 4

f = 100
v
100 =


v  3 '
f ' 
' 4 4
v 
f ' ' 
( / 3) 3

f' = 3f ' 
3
f' = 300Hz
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 70
8. A steel of wire of length 25 cm is fixed at its ends to rigid walls. Young’s modulus of steel =
200 GPa, coefficient of linear thermal expansion = 10–5 / °C. Initially, the wire is just taut at
20°C temperature. The density of steel = 8.0 g/cc. A tuning fork of frequency 200 Hz is
touched to the wire, to execute oscillations. Simultaneously, the temperature is slowly lowered.
At what temperature will resonance occur corresponding to the third overtone?
Ans. 17.5°

Sol. = T = 10–5 (20 – )

 T
Y 
 A
For third overtone
4v
f0 =
2L
4 T
 200Hz = (Where  = A)
2L 

9. A uniform string of length L and total mass M is suspended vertically and a transverse pulse is
given at the top end of it. At the same moment a body is released from rest and falls freely from
the top of the string. How far from the bottom does the body pass the pulse.
Ans. L/9
Sol.

Initial speed of pulse

Mg
vi 
µ
M 
Tx   g  x
L 
Tx 1 2 1g
vx   gx s w  ut  gt  gLt    t 2
µ 2 22
v2  gx
1
s 2  gt 2
2
dv
2v g s2 = s1
dx

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 71
 dv g 1 2 1g
v a gt  gt     2
dx 2 2 2 2

4 
t
3 g
1 8L
s  gt 2 
2 9
10. A uniform rope of length L and mass m is held at one end and whirled in a horizontal circle
with angular velocity w. Ignore gravity. Find the time required for a transverse wave to travel
from one end of the rope to the other.

Ans.
2
Sol.

M  x
Tx=   x 2  L  x  
L  2
M   x
Tx   2  x  L  
L   2
Tx  x
vx=   xL 
(M / L)  2
 x
v2= 2x  L  
 2
dv
2v = 2L – 2x
dx
1 2
a =  (L x) (a– x)
2
2
Angular frequency 
2

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 72
 2
T=

 2   2 2
T 
Time form B A = 
4 2
11. A non-uniform rope of mass M and length L has a variable linear mass density given by =kx
where x is the distance from one end of the wire and k is a constant.
(a) Show that M = kL2/2
(b) Show that the time required for a pulse generated at one end of the wire to travel to the
other end is given by t = 8ML / 9F where F (constant) is the tension in the wire.
Ans. ()

Sol. M =  dm   dx   Kxdx
0

1 2
= K
2
F
v=

dx  Kx
dt = = dx  dx
v F F

2 K  32 
 1
K
t =  dt  0 x dx  3 F  x 
2
F 0

2 K 32 4 K3
=  =
3 F 9 F
8 M
=
9 F

12. One end of a long string of linear mass density 10–2 kg m–1 is connected to an electrically
driven tuning fork of frequency 150 Hz. The other end passes over a pulley and is tied to a pan
containing a mass of 90 kg. The pulley end absorbs all the incoming energy so that reflected
waves from this end have negligible amplitude. At t = 0, the left end (fork end) of the string is
at x = 0 has a transverse displacement of 2.5 cm and is moving along positive y-direction. The
amplitude of the wave is 5 cm. Write down the transverse displacement y (in cm) as function of
x (in m) and t (in sec) that describes the wave on the string.
 
Ans. y  5sin (x  300 t)  
 6
T 900
Sol. vw =  = 300 m/s
 102
 = 2f = 300 

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 73
 
K= 
v
Let wave equation be :
y = 5sin (x – 300 t + )
A
at t = 0, y = and going up
2

 =
6

13. A plane wave given by equation y = 0.04 sin (0.5x – 100t), where x and y are in meter and t
in sec is incident normally on a boundary between two media beyond which wave speed
becomes doubled. State boundary condition and find the equation of the reflected and
transmitted waves. Take x = 0 as the boundary between two media.
4 1 0.04 0.16
Ans. At= Ai , Ar = Ai , yr = – sin(0.5 x + 100 t) ; yt = + sin(0.25x – 100 t]
3 3 3 3
Sol. y = 0.04 sin (0.5 x–100 t)
vdouble
µ one-fourth (Tsame)
Ai = 0.04
  –   0.04
Ai=  1 2
 Ai =
     3
 1 2 

 2 µ 
 Ai  4 
0.04 
At=  1

 µ  µ   3 
 1 2 

Transmitted wave  same phase

Reflected wave  (Direction change, phase difference of )
 0.04 
YR =   sin(0.5x  100t  )
 3 
4  0.04
Yt = sin (0.5 x – 100t)
3

14. A sinusoidal wave is moving along the positive x-direction as shown in figure (i) and (ii).
y
0.2m
5 10 15 20 x in m
t=0
fig (i)
(i) Write the complete expression for the wave y (x, t)
(ii) Find the possible values of x0 for which figure (ii) refers.
Ans. (i) 0.2 cos[ 2 5( x  10 t ) ], (ii) 5n – (15/4)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 74
 2
Sol. k=
5
 2 
y  0.2sin   x  vt   
5 2
vwis+ve
1
T = sec
2

vw=  10m / s
T
 2x 
y  0.2sin   4t  
 5 2
 2x 
 0.2cos   4t 
 5 
 dy 
in figure (ii)   –ve 
 dt 
1
At t = , y = 0
4
 2 4 
0 = 0.02 cos  x –
5 1/ 4 
 2 
= – 0.2 cos  x 
5 
2 
x  (4n  1)
5 2
5
x  (4 n  1)
4

15. A copper wire is held at the two ends by rigid supports. At 30°C, the wire is just taut, with
negligible. Find the speed of transverse waves in this wire at 10°C.
Given : Young modulus of copper = 1.3 × 1011 N/m2.
Coefficient of linear expansion of copper = 1.7 × 10–5 ºC–1.
Density of copper = 9 × 103 kg/m3. [IIT-1979]
Ans. 70 m/s

Sol.
T = – 20°C
L' = L(1+T)
L = L[T]
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 75
 L
 T  1.7 10  20
L
= 3.4 × 10–4
F
 (3.4 104 ) Y
A
F = YA [T]
F YAT
v= 
 (M/ L)
Y(T)  M 
   Density 
(M/ LA)  LA 
v = 70 m/s

16. A plane progressive wave of frequency 25 Hz, amplitude 2.5 × 10–5 m and initial phase zero
propagates along the negative x-direction with a velocity of 300 m/s. At any instant, the phase
difference between the oscillations at two points 6m apart along the line of propagation is ....,
and the corresponding amplitude difference is ...... m. [IIT-1997C]
Ans. , 0
Sol. f = 25,  = 50, A= 2.5×10–5 m
v = 300
300  x 
  12m     2
25   

x  6
6
     2
 12 
 = 6

A = 0 [Both points have same amplitude]

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 76
17. AB is a cylinder of length 1m fitted a thin flexible diaphragm C at the middle and other thin
flexible diaphragms A and B at the ends. The portions AC and BC contain hydrogen and
oxygen gases respectively. The diaphragms A and B are set into vibrations of same frequency.
What is the minimum frequency of these vibration for which diaphragm C is a not? (Under the
conditions of experiment VH2 = 1100 m/s, VO2 = 300 m/s). [IIT-1978]

Ans. 1650 Hz
Sol.

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 77
 EXERCISE # (O-1)
1. The function of x and t that does not represent a progressive wave is
(A) y = 2 sin (4t – 3x) (B) y= e(4+(4t–3x)] (C) y = [4t – 3x]–1 (D) y = [4t–3x]
Ans. (C)
Sol. y = [4t – 3x]–1 is not progressive wave because the function is not defined for all (x, t) such
that[4t –3x= 0].

3
2. At x=0 particle oscillate by law y  . If wave is propagating along –ve x axis with
2t  1
2

velocity 2m/s. Find equation of wave

3 3 3 3
(A) y  2
(B) y  2
(C) y  2
(D) y  2
 x  x  z  z
2 t   1 2 t   1 2 t   1 2 t   1
 2  2  2  2
Ans. (B)
3
Sol. y  2 at x  0
2t  1
vw = 2 m/s (towards –ve x axis)
 x
y (x, t) = y  t  
 v
3
y (x, t) = 2
 x
2 t   1
 2

1
3. The shape of a wave propagating in the positive x or negative x- direction is given y =
1 x 2
1
at t =0 and y = at t = 1s where x and y are in meters. The shape of the wave
2  2 x  x2
disturbance does not change during propagation, then the velocity of the wave is
(A) 1 m/s in positive x direction (B) 1 m/s in negative x direction
1 1
(C) m/s in positive x direction (D) m/s in negative x direction
2 2
Ans. (A)
1
Sol. y at t  0
1 x
1
y at t 1
x 2 – 2x  2
1
=
(x  1) 2  1

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 78
 1
y 
1  (x  t)2
v = 1 m/s towards the x-axis.
4. A wave is propagating along x-axis. The displacement of particles of the medium in z-direction
at t = 0 is given by: z = exp[ –(x + 2)2] , where ‘x’ is in meters. At t = 1s, the same wave
disturbance is given by: z = exp[ – (2 – x)2 ]. Then, the wave propagation velocity is
(A) 4 m/s in + x direction (B) 4 m/s in –x direction
(C) 2 m/s in + x direction (D) 2 m/s in – x direction
Ans. (A)
Sol. Let z = exp [–(x – vt + 2)2]
Put t = 1s, z = exp [– (x –v + 2)2]
Comparing with given equation
 x–v+2=x–2
 v = + 4m/s
5. A transverse wave is travelling along a horizontal string. The first picture shows the shape of
the string at an instant of time. This picture is superimposed on a coordinate system to help you
make any necessary measurements. The second picture is a graph of the vertical displacement
of one point along the string as a function of time. How far does this wave travel along the
string in one second?

(A) 0.3 cm (B) 3.0 cm (C) 9.0 cm (D) 27 cm

Ans. (B)
Sol. = 9cm. T = 3sec, f = 1/3
vw = f
= 3 cm/sec

6. Two graphs of the same harmonic wave are shown below. The graph (1) on the left shows the
displacement of wave y, as a function of position x for a given instant of time. The graph (2) on
the right shows the displacement of wave as a function oftime 't' for a given position. The speed
of the wave is

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 79
 y(cm) y(cm)

6.0 6.0

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 x(cm) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 t(s)

6.0 6.0
Graph(1) Graph(2)
(A) 5.0 cms–1 (B) 0.5 cms –1
(C) 0.4 cms–1 (D) 4.0 cms–1
Ans. (A)
 (4.0  0) cm
Sol. =  = 5.0 cm/s
T (0.8  0)s

7. A wave pulse is given by the equation y = f(x, t) = A exp (–B(x–vt)2). Given A =1.0m, B = 1.0
m–2 and v = + 2.0 m/s, which of the following graph shows the correct wave profile at the
instant t = 1 s?
y(m) y(m)
2
2
t=1s
(A) 1 (B) 1 t=1s

x(m) x(m)
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y(m) y(m)
2 2
t=1s t=1s
(C) 1 (D) 1
x(m) x(m)
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 –2 –1 1 2
Ans. (C)
y = A e[  B(x  vt)
2
]
Sol. A = 1, B = 1, v = 2m/s.
At t = 1sec.

y = e[  (x 2)
2
]

y = e[4x x 4]
2

At t = 1 sec
y = 1 at x = 2 point of maxima
8. The displacement from the position of equilibrium of a point 4 cm from a source of sinusoidal
oscillations is half the amplitude at the moment t = T/6 (T is the time period). Assume that the
source was at mean position at t = 0. The wavelength of the running wave is
(A) 0.96 m (B) 0.48 m (C) 0.24 m (D) 0.12 m
Ans. (B)
Sol. y = Asin (t – kx)
At x = 4cm, t = T/6, y = A/2
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 80
 A  2  T   4  
 A sin     k  
2  T  6   100  
  4  1
sin   k   
3  100   2
 4k 
 
3 100 6
4k 

100 6
2 100
k 
 24
48
 m  48cm
100

9. Here given snap shot of a progressive wave at t = 0 with time period = T. Then the equation of
the wave if wave is going in +ve x-direction and if wave is going in –ve x-direction will be
2
respectively.  Here, T  
 

(A) y = A sin (kx + t), y = A sin (kx – t)

(B) y = A cos (kx + t), y = A cos (kx – t)
(C) y = A sin (t – kx), y = A sin (t + kx)
(D) y = A sin (kx – t), y = A sin (kx + t)
Ans. (D)
Sol. Equation of given graph :
y = A sin kx
In +ve x direction, Equation :
y = A sink(x– vt) = A sin (kx– t)
In –ve x direction, Equation :
y = A sin k(x+ vt) = A sin (t + kx)

10. Here given graph shows the motion of particle at x = 0 of a progressive wave. Then the
equation of the wave if wave is going in +ve x-direction and if wave is going in –ve x-direction
2
will be respectively.  Here, T  
 

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 81
 (A) y = A sin (t – kx), y = A sin (t + kx)
(B) y = A sin (kx – t), y = A sin (kx + t)
(C) y = A cos (t – kx), y = A cos (t + kx)
(D) y = A cos (kx – t ), y = A cos (t + kx)
Ans. (A)
Sol. Equation of given graph :
y = A sin t
In +ve x direction, Equation :
 x
y = A sin  t   = A sin (t – kx)
 v
In –ve x direction, Equation :
 x
y = A sin  t   = A sin (t + kx)
 v

T
11. Here given snap shot of a progressive wave at t  with time period = T. Then the equation
2
of the wave if wave is going in +ve x-direction and if wave is going in –ve x-direction will be
2
respectively.  Here, T  
 

(A) y = A sin (t – kx), y = A sin (kx + t)

(B) y = A sin (kx – t), y = A sin (kx + t)
(C) y = A cos (kx – t), y = A cos (kx + t)
(D) y = A cos (kx – t), y = A sin (kx + t)
Ans. (B)
Sol. Equation of graph :
y = A sin (–kx) = – A sin kx
In +ve x direction, Equation :
y = – A sin (kx – t)
T
for t = , shift the origin
2

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 82
   T 
 y = – A sin  kx    t   
  2 
= – A sin (kx – t + ) = A sin (kx – t)
Similarly
In –ve direction, equation :
  T 
y = –A sin  kx    t   
  2 
= – A sin (kx + t – ) = A sin (kx + t)


12. Here given graph shows the motion of particle at x = of a progressive wave. Then the
2
equation of the wave if wave is going in +ve x-direction and if wave is going in –ve x-direction
2
will be respectively.  Here, T  
 

(A) y = A sin (t – kx + ), y = A sin (kx + t –)

(B) y = A cos (t – kx + ), y = A cos (t + kx + )
(C) y = A sin (kx – t + ), y = A sin (kx + t – )
(D) y = A sin (kx – t – ), y = A sin (kx + t – )
Ans. (A)
Sol. Equation of graph :
y = A sin t
In +ve x direction, equation :
   
y = A sin t  k  x   
  2 
= A sin (t – kx + )
In –ve x direction, equation :
   
y = A sin t  k  x    = A sin (t + kx – )
  2 


13. Here given graph shows the motion of particle at x  of a progressive wave. Then the
2
equation of the wave if wave is going in +ve x-direction and if wave is going in –ve x-direction
2 
will be respectively.  Here, T  
 

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 83
 y

T/2 T
0
t
–A

(A) y = A cos (t – kx), y = A cos (t + kx)

(B) y = A cos (t – kx), y = A cos (t + kx)
(C) y = A sin (t – kx), y = A sin (t + kx)
(D) y = A sin (kx – t), y = A sin (t + kx)
Ans. (C)
Sol. Equation of graph :
y = A sin t
In +ve x direction, equation :
   
y = A sin t  k  x   
  2 
= A sin (t – kx + )
In –ve x direction, equation :
   
y = A sin t  k  x    = A sin (t + kx – )
  2 

T
14. Here given snap shot of a progressive wave at t  with time period = T. Then the equation
6
of the wave if wave is going in +ve x-direction and if wave is going in –ve x-direction will be
2
respectively.  Here, T  
 
y
A
A/2
0
x

 
(A) y = A sin  kx  t   , y = A sin  kx  t  
 2  6
(B) y = A cos (kx – t), y = A sin (kx + t)
 
(C) y = A sin  kx  t   , y = A sin  kx  t  
 6  6
 
(D) y = A sin  kx  t   , y = A sin  kx  t  
 2  6
Ans. (A)
 
Sol. Equation of graph : y = A sin  kx  
 6
In +ve x direction

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 84
   T  
y = A sin  kx    t    
  6  6
    
= A sin  kx  t    = A sin  kx  t  2 
 3 6
In –ve x direction
  T  
y = A sin  kx    t    
  6  6
  
= A sin  kx  t   
 3 6
 
= A sin  kx  t  
 6


15. Here given graph shows the motion of particle at x = of a progressive wave. Then the
2
equation of the wave if wave is going in +ve x-direction and if wave is going in –ve x-direction
2 
will be respectively.  Here, T  
 

0
A/ 2 t
–A

 
(A) y = A sin  t  kx   , y = A sin  t  kx  
 4  4
3
(B) y = A sin  t  kx   , y = A sin (t + kx)
 4 
9
(C) y = A sin  t  kx   , y = A sin (t + kx)
 4 
 
(D) y = A cos  t  kx  
 , y = A cos  t  kx  
 4  4
Ans. (A)
Sol. Solve similar to previous question (Q14)
16. Three progressive waves A, B and C are shown in figure. With respect to wave A
B A C

(A) The wave C lags behind in phase by /2 and B leads by /2.
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 85
 (B) The wave C leads in phase by  and B lags behind by 
(C) The wave C leads in phase by /2 and B lags behind by /2.
(D) The wave C lags behind in phase by  and B leads by .
Ans. (A)

17. A transverse wave is propagating along +x direction. At t=2 sec, the particle at x=4m is at
y=2 mm.With the passage of time its y coordinate increases and reaches to a maximum of 4
mm. The wave equation may be (using  and k with their usual meanings)
 
(A) y  4sin((t  2)  k( x  2)  ) (B) y  4sin((t  2)  k ( x)  )
6 6
5 
(C) y  4sin((t  2)  k ( x  4)  ) (D) y  4sin((t  2)  k ( x  4)  )
6 6
Ans. (D)
Sol. The photo of string at t = 2 sec will look like :
y

4mm
2mm

 
So, Equation of graph  y = A sin  k(x  4)    
 6
 
wave equation y A sin  k(x  4)  (t  2)    
 6

18. A sinusoidal wave travelling in the positive direction of x on a stretched string has amplitude
2.0 cm, wavelength 1 m and wave velocity 5.0 m/s. At x = 0 and t =0, it is given that
y
displacement y = 0 and  0 . Express the wave function correctly in the form y = f(x, t) :-
t
(A) y = (0.02 m) sin 2 (x–5t) (B) y = (0.02 cm) cos 2(x–5t)
 1  1
(C) y = (0.02 m) sin 2  x  5t   (D) y = (0.02 cm) cos 2  x  5t  
 4  4
Ans. (A)
Sol. y = A sin(t – kx + )
v
 cm, m, f = = 5 Hz

 = 10
At x = 0, t = 0, y = 0
sin = 0
dy
 0. =
dt
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 86
 y = 0.02 sin (10t – 2x + )
y = 0.02 sin(2x – 10t)

19. The mathematical forms for three sinusoidal traveling waves are given by
Wave 1 : y(x,t) = (2cm) sin(3x–6t)
Wave 2 : y(x,t) = (3cm) sin(4x–12t)
Wave 3 : y(x,t) = (4cm) sin(5x–11t)
where x is in meters and t is in seconds. Of these waves :
(A) wave 1 has the greatest wave speed and the greatest maximum transverse string speed.
(B) wave 2 has the greatest wave speed and wave 1 has the greatest maximum transverse string speed.
(C) wave 3 has the greatest wave speed and the greatest maximum transverse string speed.
(D) wave 2 has the greatest wave speed and wave 3 has the greatest maximum transverse string
speed.
Ans. (D)

Sol. Wave speed =
k
Maximum transverse string speed (vp) = A

20. A triangular transverse wave is propagating in the positive X-direction Velocity of P at this
instant will be
y

(A) Vertically upward (B) Vertically downward

(C) At Rest (D) Cannot be determined
Ans. (A)
y

x
p
Sol.
21. The figure below shows a snap photograph of a simple harmonic progressive wave, progressing
in the negative X-axis, at a given instant. The direction of the velocity of the particle at the
stage P on the figure is best represented by the arrow.

   
(A) PA (B) PB (C) PC (D) PD
Ans. (A)
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 87
Sol.

 
v in direction of PA

22. A uniform rope having some mass hanges vertically from a rigid support. A transverse wave
pulse is produced at the lower end. The speed (v) of the wave pulse varies with height (h) from
the lower end as:

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. (C)

Sol.
T Mgh  L
vw  
 L M
 gh

23. A progressive wave is travelling in a string as shown. Then which of the following statement
about KE and potential energy of the elements A and B is true?

(A) For point A : kinetic energy is maximum and potential energy is min.
(B) For point B : kinetic energy is minimum and potential energy is min.
(C) For point A : kinetic energy is minimum and potential energy is max.
(D) For point B : kinetic energy is minimum and potential energy is max.

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 88
Ans. (B)

Sol.
Both KE and PE are maximum at y = 0 and minimum at y = A.

24. The average power transmitted by a progressive wave in term of standard notations is
(A) 42 A2 1/2 T–1/2 f 2 (B) 22 A2 1/2 T1/2 f 2
(C) 22 A2 T1/2 f 2 (D) None
Ans. (B)
1
Sol. Pav = A 22 2
2
1 T
= A 2 42 f 2 = 22A21/2 T1/2 f2
2 

25. The prong of a electrically operated tuning fork is connected to a long string of  = 1 kg/m and
tension 25 N. The maximum velocity of the prong is 1 cm/s, then the average power needed to
drive the prong is:

(A) 5 × 10–4 W (B) 2.5 × 10–4 W (C) 1 × 10–4 W (D) 10–3 W

Ans. (B)
1
Pavg = µ(A ) v
2
Sol.
2
1 25
= 1(1102 ) 2 
2 2
–4
= 2.5 × 10 W

26. The diagram below shows two pulses traveling towards each other in a uniform medium with
same speed. Pulses in the figure are at the same distance from X and has same height & width.

Which diagram best represents the medium when the pulses meet at point X?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. (D)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 89
Sol.

27. Two symmetric, identical pulses of opposite amplitude travel along a stretched string in
opposite directions as shown in the figure below. Which one of the following statements most
fully describes the situation ?

(A) There is an instant when the string is straight

(B) When the two pulses interfere completely, the energy of the wave is zero
(C) There is a point on the string that does not move up or down
(D) Both A and C
(E) Both A and B
Ans. (D)

Sol.
string become straight

28. Two pulses in a stretched string whose centres are initially 8 cm apart are moving towards each
other as shown in figure. The speed of each pulse is 2 cm/s. After 2 seconds, the total energy of
the pulses will be

(A) zero (B) purely kinetic

(C) purely potential (D) partly kinetic and partly potential
Ans. (B)

Sol.
[Energy will be in purely kinetic form]
PE is zero because there is no expansion in string at the moment.

29. A small pulse travelling with speed v in a string is shown at t=0, moving towards free end.
Which of these is NOTCORRECTLY matched.
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 90
 L/2
x=0 v x=L
t=0
s<<L free end
fixed end L
L
(i) t (P)
v
2L
(ii) t (Q)
v
3L
(iii) t (R)
v
(A) (i) (B) (ii) (C) (iii) (D) None of these
Ans. (B)
Sol. In option (ii), the wave will become inverted when it gets reflected from fixed end at the left.

30. A wave pulse on a string has the dimension shown in figure. The waves speed is v = 1 cm/s. If
point O is a free end. The shape of wave at time t = 3 s is :

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. (D)
Sol. w = 1 cm/s, At t = 3s, The crest will reach at O. As O is a free end, so amplitude will double at
this point.

31. A thin string with linear density  is joined to a thick string with linear density 2. A incident
pulse is sent down the thin string toward the thick string and eventually creates reflected and
transmitted pulses. Which of the following is true ?
(A) The reflected and transmitted pulses are both inverted.
(B) Neither the reflected nor transmitted pulses are inverted.
(C) The reflected pulse is inverted, but the transmitted pulse is not inverted.
(D) The transmitted pulse is inverted, but the reflected pulse is not inverted.
Ans. (C)
32. Two strings, A and B, of lengths 4L and L respectively and same mass M each, are tied
together to form a knot 'O' and stretched under the same tension. A transverse wave pulse is
sent along the composite string from the side A, as shown to the right. Which of the following
diagrams correctly shows the reflected and transmitted wave pulses near the knot 'O'?

O
A B

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 91
 A O
(A) B (B) A O B

A O
(C) B (D)
O
A B
Ans. (A)
Sol. A = M/4L, B = M/L
AsB>A, Sowave reflected from heavier string will have phase change of , and hence
inverted. Whereas transmitted wave will be not be inverted.
,,

33. A string consists of two parts attached at x = 0. The right part of the string (x > 0) has mass r
per unit length and the left part of the string (x < 0) has mass l per unit length. The string
tension is T. If a wave of unit amplitude travels along the left part of the string, as shown in the
figure, what is the amplitude of the wave that is transmitted to the right part of the string?

2 2 l /  r l /  r  1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
1  l /  r 1  l /  r l /  r  1
Ans. (C)

Sol.
A=1
At – Amplitude of transmitted wave.
 2 µc 
At=  
 µc  µr 
34. A wave travels on a light string .The equation of the wave is Y=Asin(kxwt+30°) .It is
reflected from a heavy string tied to an end of the light string at x=0.If 64% of the incident
energy is reflected the equation of the reflected wave is
(A)Y=0.8Asin(kxwt+30°+180°) (B)Y=0.8Asin(kx+wt+30°+180°)
(C)Y=0.8Asin(kx+wt30°) (D)Y=0.8Asin(kx+wt+30°)
Ans. (C)
Sol. Y = Asin(kx – t + 30°)

Reflected wave will have opposite phase because it is reflected back from rigid end.
It will travel towards –ve x axis.
Ereff= 64% of initial energy
E  A2
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 92
 Y = A sin (kx – t + 30°)
At x = 0
Y = A sin(–t + 30°)
Y = Asin(t + 150°)
Yref = (0.8A) sin(kx + t + 150° + 180°)
= 0.8 A sin(kx + t + 330°)
= 0.8 A sin(kx + t – 30°)

35. A wave is represented by the equation y = 10 sin 2(100t0.02x) + 10 sin 2(100t+0.02x). The
maximum amplitude and loop length are respectively
(A) 20 units and 30 units (B) 20 units and 25 units
(C) 30 units and 20 units (D) 25 units and 20 units
Ans. (B)
Sol. y = 10 sin2(100t – 0.02x) + 10 sec2(100t + 0.02x)
y = 20 sec[200t] cos2[0.02x]
20cos 2(0.02 x)
= sin 200t
A
Amax = 20

Loop length =
2
2
  50m
k
Loop length = 25m

36. A wave represented by the equation y = A cos (kx – t) is superimposed with another wave to
form a statioary wave such that the point x =0 is a node. The equation of the other wave is:
(A) –A sin (kx + t) (B) – A cos (kx + t)
(C) A sin (kx + t) (D) A cos (kx + t)
Ans. (B)
Sol. Check with all the options for condition of node at x = 0

37. The shape of a string on which standing waves are produced at t = 0 is shown here. The suitable
equation of standing wave can be

(A) y = A sin kx cos t (B) y = A sin kx sin t

(C) y = A cos kx sin t (D) y = A cos kx cos t
Ans. (A)
Sol. Option A only satisfies the shape of the string at t = 0.

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 93
38. Five waveforms moving with equal speeds on the x-axis
 3
y1 = 8 sin (t + kx); y2 = 6 sin (t + + kx); y3 = 4 sin (t +  + kx); y4 = 2 sin (t + +kx);
2 2

y5 = 4 2 sin (t – kx + ) are superimposed on each other. The resulting wave is :
4

(A) 8 2 cos kx sin (t + )
4

(B) 8 2 sin (t – kx + )
4

(C) 8 2 sin kx cos (t + )
4
(D) 8 sin (t + kx)
Ans. (A)
Sol. y1 = 8sin(t + kx)
y2 = 6sin (t + kx + /2)
y3 = 4sin (t + kx + )
y4 = 2sin (t + kx + 3/2)

y5  4 2 sin(t  kx   / 4)
y1 = y2 + y3 + y4
y' = 4 2 sin(t  kx   / 4)
ynet = y' = y5
= 4 2 (sin(t – kx + /4) + sin(t + kx + /4)
= 4 2 [2sin (t–/4)cos kx]
 
= 8 2 sin  t   cos kx
 4

T
39. Here given snap shot at t  of a standing wave. Then the equations of the wave will be
12
when particles are moving towards their extreme and when particles are moving towards the
2
mean position respectively.  Here, T  
 

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 94
 2 
(A) y = A sin kx sin t, y = A sin  t   sin kx
 3 
2 
(B) y = A sin kx cos t, y = A sin  t   sin kx
 3 
2 
(C) y = A cos kx cos t, y = A cos  t   sin kx
 3 
2 
(D) y = A cos kx sin t, y = A cos  t   cos kx
 3 
Ans. (A)
Sol. As per given shape, Equation of wave should be of the form (after shifting time)
  T 
y = A sin kx sin   t    
  12  
A
For given time, ymax= .
2

So, if going towards extreme  =
6

& if going towards mean  =  –
6

T
40. Here given snap shot at t  of a standing wave. Then the equations of the wave will be when
4
particles are moving towards their extreme and when particles are moving towards the mean
2
position respectively.  Here, T  
 
A
A/ 2
0


  
(A) y = A  kx   sin  
 t   , y= A sin kx sin  t  
 4  4  4

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 95
 
(B) y = A sin kx sin  t   , y = A sin kx sin t
 4
3  
(C) y = A sin kx sin  t  
 , y = A sin kx sin  t  
 4   4
 
(D) y = A sin kx cos  t   , y = A sin kx sin  t  
 4  4
Ans. (C)
Sol. Solve similar to previous question (Q39)
T
41. Here given snap shot at t  of a standing wave. Then the equations of the wave will be when
6
particles are moving towards their extreme and when particles are moving towards the mean
2
position respectively.  Here, T  
 

4 
(A) y = A sin kx sin  t   ,y = A sin kx sin t
 3 
4 
(B) y = A cos kx sin  t   , y = A sin kx sin t
 3 
4 
(C) y = A sin kx sin t, y = A sin kx sin  t  
 3 
4 
(D)y = A sin kx sin t , y = A sin kx sin  t  
 3 
Ans. (D)
Sol. Solve similar to previous question (Q39)
42. Here given figure (i) shows snap shot at t = T/4 and figure (ii) shows motion of particle at x =
/4. Then the possible equations of the wave will be
y y
A A
(i) 0 (ii) 0
/2  x /2  t

 
(A) y = A sin  t  kx   (B) y = A sin  t  kx  
 2  2
 
(C) Both y = A cos  t  kx   and y = A cos  t  kx  
 2  2
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 96
  
(D) Both y = A sin  t  kx   and y = A sin  t  kx  
 2  2
Ans. (D)

Sol.

y = Asin(t – kx + /2)
y = Asin(t + kx –/2)

43. A taut string at both ends vibrates in its nth overtone. The distance between adjacent Node and
Antinode is found to be ‘d’. If the length of the string is L, then
(A) L = 2d (n + 1) (B) L = d (n + 1) (C) L = 2dn (D) L = 2d (n – 1)
Ans. (A)

Sol. d
4
 = 4d
 nth overtone  (n + 1) loops

 L = (n + 1) = 2d (n + 1)
2

44. A string of length L is fixed at one end and under tension due to a mass M = 25 kg hanging
from the other end, as shown in the sketch. Coordinate axes are chosen so that the string runs
from x = –L/2 to x = L/2, and y is the transverse displacement. The string is vibrating at one of
its resonant frequencies with displacement:
y(x,t) = 0.05 cos(12.0x)sin(360t) ...(i)
with x, y in meters and t in seconds. What are the three smallest possible values of L consistent
with equation (i)?
y
x=+L/2
x=0
x= –L/2

(A) , 2, 3 (B), 3/2, 5/2 (C) /2, , 3/2 (D) /4, /2, 3/4
Ans. (B)
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 97
Sol. From given equation, at x = 0, value of 0.05 cos(12x) is maximum, So x = 0 is an antinode.
So total no. of loops must be odd as shown :

 3
L= L=
2 2

5
L=
2
45. A metal wire is clamped between two vertical walls. At 20 °C the unstrained length of the wire
is exactly equal to the separation between walls. If the temperature of the wire is decreased the
graph between fundamental frequency (f) and temperature (T) of the wire is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. (A)
nv
Sol. Fundamental frequency f 
2L
fv
v F (F is Tension in wire)

 L 
F  YA  
 L 
L
= T
L
F = (YA )T
=(YA )T – 20°)
fv  F   T  20 
46. What is the fractional change in the tension necessary in a sonometer of fixed length to produce
a note one octave lower (half of original frequency) than before
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 2/3 (D) 3/4 (E) 2/1
Ans. (D)
nv
Sol. f length fixed. v T
2L
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 98
 f T
f
f '
2
f f'

T T'
T
T' 
4
T T  T / 4 3
Fractional chagne   
T T 4

47. A string of length 3L is fixed at both ends. It resonates with a tuning fork in third harmonic
with amplitude at antinode equal to A0. At time t = 0, a string element at position of antinode is
at half its positive amplitude and moving towards mean position. Displacement of a string
element at L/2 is given by
11   5 
(A) 0 sin  t 
A 3 A0
 (B) sin  t  
2  6  2  6 
5  5 
(C) A0 sin  t  (D) 0 sin  t 
A
 
 6  2  6 
Ans. (C)
Sol. Third harmonic  3 loops
3
 3L =
2
2 
  K= 
 L
Let equation be
y = A sin kx sin (t + )
A
At t = 0, y = 0 at antinode & moving towards mean
2
 5
 = – 
6 6
L
So, at
2
 5 
y = A0 sin  t  
 6 

48. A string clamped at both ends is vibrating. At the moment the string looks flat, the
instantaneous transverse velocity of points along the string, excluding its end-points, must be
(A) zero everywhere (B) dependent on the location along the string
(C) non zero everywhere (D) non-zero and in the same direction everywhere
Ans. (B)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 99
Sol. Transverse velocity of point along the string dependent on location along the string.

49. A 1m long wire having tension T is fixed at A and free at B. The point C, 20 cm from B is
constrained to be stationary. What is shape of string for fundamental mode?
A C
B

20cm

C C
(A) (B)

C C
(C) (D)

Ans. (A)

Sol.
Fundamental

50. The equation of a standing wave in a string is given by y = A sin t sin kx. Distance between
two points having amplitude A/2 may be:
5 2 7 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6k 3k 6k 3k
Ans. (B,D)
  
6k 3k 6k

A
2

 

2 3k



Sol. 3k


A sin kx =
2

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 100
 
kx =
6

  x =
6k
2
Also =
k
  
Ans. =  and  –
2 3k 3k
  2 
=  and 
k 3k k 3k
2 5
= and
3k 3k
Hence (B) & (D)

51. The ends of a stretched wire of length L are fixed at x = 0 and x = L. In one experiment, the
displacement of the wire is y1 = A sin(x/L) sin t and energy is E1 and in another experiment
its displacement is y2=Asin(2x/L) sin 2t and energy is E2. Then
(A) E2 = E1 (B) E2 = 2E1 (C) E2= 4E1 (D) E2 = 16E1
Ans. (C)
 x   2x 
Sol. y1= Asin   sin t y2  A sin  sin  2t 
L  L 

 = 2L =L
1

Energy per unit loop  µ  A 
2
2 2

1 
E1= 1×  µ2 A 2  2L 
8 
1 
E 2  2   (µ)2 A 2  2L 
8 
E2 = 4E1

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 101
 EXERCISE # (O-2)
1. Consider a hypothetical wave pulse (at time t = 0) given by the following (y, x in meter)
y = 0, x < 0
y = x/2, 2 > x 0
y = 3 – x, 3  x  2
y = 0, x > 3
The pulse travels leftwards (negative x direction) at speed v = 2 m/s. Which of the following
plots are correct? [Vy is the velocity of particle]
Vy(m/s)
2 (at x=0)
y(m)
1m (at x=0) 1

1 ½ 0 ½ 1 3/2 2
(A) (B) t(s)

t(s) -1
1 ½ 0 ½ 1 3/2 2
-2

Vy(m/s)
y(m) 2 (at t=0)
(at t=0) 1

1 1 2 3
(C) (D) x(m)
x(m)
1 2 3 -1

-2

Ans. (ABD)

Sol.
y=0 x<0
y = x/2 2>x0
y=3–x 3 > x 2
y=0 x>0
dy dy dy
vy   vw 2 [vw = – 2m/s]
dt dt dx
0 x0

2dy  1 0 x  2
vy  
dx  2 2 x 3

0 3 x
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 102
2. Figure shows a snapshot graph and a history graph for a wave pulse on a stretched string. They
describe the same wave from two perspectives.
Snapshot at t = 0.01s Y Y History at x = 2cm

x (cm) t (s)
–6 –4 –2 0.02 0.04 0.06

(A) The wave is travelling in positive x-direction

(B) The wave is travelling in negative x-direction
(C) The speed of the wave is 2 m/s.
(D) The peak is located at x = –6 cm at t = 0.
Ans. (ACD)

Sol.
Disturbance at x = –4 at t = 0.01sec and disturbance reaches x = 2 at t = 0.04 sec hence wave
istravelling in positive x-direction.
 6cm 
vw   
 0.03sec 
= 200 cm/sec = 2m/sec
At t = 0 sec

3. Y(x,t) = 0.05 / [(4x + 2t)2 + 5] represents a moving wave pulse, where x and y are in meters and
t is in seconds. Then which statement(s) areCORRECT:
(A) Pulse is moving in – x direction (B) Wave speed is 0.5 m/s
(C) Maximum particle displacement is 1 cm (D) It is a symmetric pulse
Ans. (ABCD)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 103
 0.05 0.05
Sol. y(x, t) = =
[(4 x  2 t)  5]
2
  t
2

 
16 x    5
  2 
Sov = 0.5 m/s in –ve x direction
0.05
at t = 0, y(x, 0) = (Symmetric function)
16x 2  5
at x = 0, displacement is maximum
0.05
ymax = = 0.01 m = 1 cm
5

4. A transverse wave travelling on a taut string is represented by:

Y = 0.01sin2(10t – x)  Y and x are in metre and 't' in second. Then,
(A) the speed of the wave is 10 m/s
(B) closest points on the string which differ in phase by 60° are separated by (1/6) m
(C) Maximum particle velocity is /4 m/s
(D) The phase of a certain point on the string changes by 120° in (1/20) seconds
Ans. (AB)
Sol. y = 0.01 sin2 (10t – x)
vw = 10 m/s, k = 2,  = 20

   Kx
3
 1
 x = = m
3  2 6

 vpmax = A = 0.01 × 20 = 0.2 = m/s
5
2
  = t
3
2 1
 t =  sec
3  20 30

5. y (x, t) = 0.8/[(4x + 5t)2 + 5] represents a moving pulse, where x & y are in meter and t in
second . Then:
(A) pulse is moving in +x direction (B) in 2s it will travel a distance of 2.5 m
(C) its maximum displacement is 0.16 m (D) it is a symmetric pulse.
Ans. (BCD)
5
Sol. vw = = 1.25 m/s in –ve x direction
4
0.8
ymax = = 0.16 m
5

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 104
6. At a certain moment, the photograph of a string on which a harmonic wave is travelling to the
right is shown. Then, which of the following is true regarding the velocities of the points P, Q
and R on the string.
y

Q
P
R x

(A) vP is upwards (B) vQ = – vR (C) | vP | > | vQ | = | vR | (D) vQ = vR

Ans. (CD)
Sol.

vp , vQ , vR , VQ = VR

cos    cos 
Vp> VQ [speed max. at y = 0]
7. Which of the following combinations can give standing wave .
(A) y1 = A sin2 (t – kx) ; y2 = – A sin2 (t + kx)
(B) y1 = A sin (kx – t) ; y2 = A cos (t + kx)
(C) y1 = 2A cos2 (t – kx +) ; y2 = A [sin 2(t + kx) – 1]
(D) y1 = A sin (kx – t + 30º) ; y2 = A cos (t + kx – 60º) .
Ans. (ABCD)
Sol. In all the options, waves are travelling in opp. direction and have same freq. & wavelength
Therefore standing wave will be formed

8. If the tension in a stretched string fixed at both ends is changed by 20%, the fundamental
frequency is found to increase by 15Hz. then the
(A) original frequency is 157 Hz
(B) velocity of propagation of the transverse wave along the string changes by 5%
(C) velocity of propagation of the transverse wave along the string changes by 10%.
(D) fundamental wave length on the string does not change.
Ans. (ACD)
T
Sol. v=


NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 105
 1.2T
v' = = v 1.2 = 1.095 v 1.1 v

v
f0 =
2L
 f0' = 1.095 f0
f = 0.095 f0
For fundamental mode

L=
2
 = 2L, L does not change, hence 

9. An string has resonant frequencies given by 1001 Hz and 2639 Hz.

(A) If the string is fixed at one end only, 910 Hz can be a resonance frequency.
(B) If the string is fixed at one end only, 1911 Hz can be a resonance frequency.
(C) If the string is fixed at both the ends, 364 Hz can be one of the resonant frequency.
(D) 1001 Hz is definitely not the fundamental frequency of the string.
Ans. (BCD)
Sol. (B) String fixed at one end
 f = (2n + 1)f0
 for f0 = 91
 1001 = 11f0, 1911 = 21f0, 2639 = 29f0
(C) String fixed at both ends
f = nf0
for f0 = 91
 364 = 4f0, 1001 = 11f0, 2639 = 29f0
(D) If 1001 Hz is F.F. then 2639 should be multiple of 1001, which is not.
10. String of length L whose one end is x =0 vibrates according to the relations given by different
equations. Choose the CORRECT statements.
x
(A) y = A sin sin t has 1 antinodes, 2 nodes
L
x
(B) y = A cos sin t has 2 antinodes, 1 nodes
L
2x
(C) y = A sin sin t has 3 nodes, 2 antinodes
L
2x
(D) y = A cos sin t has 3 antinodes, 2 nodes
L
Ans. (ABCD)
 2
Sol. (A) K = =
L 

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 106
 
L
2


L=
2
 at x = 0, y = 0  fixed end

(B) at x = 0, y = A  Free end

 
K= L=
L 2
(C)& (D) check similar to (A) & (B)

11. The vibration of a string fixed at both ends are described by Y= 2 sin(x) sin(100t)where Y is
in mm,x is in cm,t in sec then
(A)Maximum displacement of the particle at x = 1/6 cm would be 1 mm.
(B) velocity of the particle at x = 1/6 cm at time t = 1/600 sec will be 157 3 mm/s
(C) If the length of the string be 10 cm, number of loop in it would be 5
(D) None of these
Ans. (AB)
1
Sol. (A) at x = cm
6

y = 2 sin   sin(100t) = (1mm) sin(100t)
6
y
(B) vp = = 2 × 100 sin(x) cos(100t)
t
1 1
Put x = & t =
6 600
2
(C) K =  =

 = 2cm

L = 10cm = 10 ×
2

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 107
 
 = 1 loop
2
 Total 10 loops

12. A narrow steel rod of length ‘L’ is rigidly clamped at its mid point and transverse standing
waves of frequency ‘f’ are set up in it. The speed of transverse waves in the rod is ‘c’. Then
(A) The free ends of the rod must be Antinodes
(B) The fundamental frequency ‘f’ of the rod is c/(L)
(C) The second overtone frequency of the rod is 5c/(2L)
(D) ‘f’ can be any integral multiple of the fundamental frequency
Ans. (AC)
C
Sol. =
f

(B) For fundamental freq., L =
2

L
2

C C
 f0 = 
 2L
 (C) For second overtone

5
L
2

C 5C
f= 
 2L
(D) As we can observe from figure above,
Only odd harmonic can be present.

13. The (x , y) co-ordinates of the corners of a square plate are (0, 0) (L, 0) (L, L) & (0, L). The
edges of the plate are clamped & transverse standing waves are set up in it . If u (x, y) denotes t
he displacement of the plate at the point (x, y) at some instant of time, the possible
expression(s) for u is/are : (a = positive constant)
x   y  x   y 
(A) a cos   cos   (B) a sin   sin  
 2L   2L   L   L 

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 108
 x 2y  2x   y 
(C) a sin   sin   (D) a cos   sin  
 L   L   L   L 
Ans. (BC)
Sol. As all the edges of the plate are clamped, So all the points on each edge will be nodes.

14. A standing wave of time period T is set up in a string clamped between two rigid supports. At
t = 0 antinode is at its maximum displacement 2A.
(A) The energy density of a node is equal to energy density of an antinode for the first time at
t = T/4.
(B) The energy density of node and antinode becomes equal after T/2 second.
T
(C) The displacement of the particle at antinode at t  is 2A
8
(D)The displacement of the particle at node is zero
Ans. (CD)
Sol. Equation of wave :
 2 
y = 2A sinKx cost   
 T 
 y 
2
1
KE = dx  
2  t 
1  y 
2

 KE per unit length =   

2  t 
1
= (2A sinKx sin t)2
2
= 2A22 sin2 Kx sin2t
 y 
2
1
PE = Tdx  
2  x 
1  y 
2

 PE per unit length = T 

2  x 
1
= T(2AK cos Kx cos t)2
2
1  2    T
=  2   × 4A2K2 cos2 Kx cos2t  v   
2 K   K  
= 2 2A2 cos2 Kx cos2t
Hence,
Energy density = Total energy per unit length
= 2A22 sin2Kx sin2t + 2A22 cos2 Kx cos2t
For Node, sin Kx = 0 & cos Kx = 1
ENode = 0 + 2 A22 cos t
T  2 T 
At t= , ENode = 2A22 cos    = 0
4  T 4
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 109
 For Antinode, sin Kx = 1 & cos Kx = 0
EAntinode = 2A22 sin2t + 0
2 T
= 2A 22 sin 2   
 T 4
= 2A 
2 2

T
Hence ENode EAntinodeat t =
4
T
Similarly, check for t =
2
15. In a travelling one dimensional mechanical sinusoidal wave
(A) potential energy and kinetic energy of an element become maximum simultaneously.
(B) all particles oscillate with the same frequency and the same amplitude
(C) all particles may come to rest simultaneously
(D) we can find two particles, in a length equal to half of a wavelength, which have the same
non zero acceleration simultaneously.
Ans. (ABD)
y 

E F
x
A B C D


Sol. 2
(A) When particle crosses M.P. e.g. at A,B,C,D
(D) ap = 2y
Particle E & F have same y co-ordinate,
So they have same acceleration.

16. A clamped string is oscillating in nth harmonic, then

(A) total energy of oscillations will be proportional to n2 times that of fundamental frequency
(B) total energy of oscillations will be proportional to (n–1)2 times that of fundamental
frequency
(C) average kinetic energy of the string over a complete oscillations is half of that of the total
energy of the string.
(D) none of these
Ans. (AC)
Sol. (A) As obtained in earlier problem (Q. 14), Total energy of dx element:
= (2A22 sin2 Kx sin2t + 2A22 cos2 Kx cos2t)dx
So, Total energy in fundamental frequency (1 loop), at t = 0
 /2

 2A  (sin Kx sin 2 t  cos 2 Kx cos 2 t) dx

2 2 2
E1 =
0

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 110
  /2
= 2A   (0  cos
2 2 2
Kx) dx (For t = 0)
0
 /2
= A 22  (cos 2Kx  1)dx
0
 /2
 sin 2Kx 
= A  
2 2
 x
 2K 0

= A 2 (2f 0 ) 2  0  
 2
 
= A2 42f02 L L  
 2
n
Now, Total energy in nth harmonic (n loops, L = ), at t = 0
2
 /2
En = n  2A 22 (sin 2 Kx sin 2 t  cos 2 Kx cos 2 t)dx
0
 /2
= nA   (0  cos Kx) dx
2 2 2
(t = 0)
0


= nA (2 f)
2 2

2
n 
= nA2 42 (nf0)2   
L
L  
n  2 
 En = n A 4 f0 L = ETotal
2 2 2 2

= n2E1
(C) As obtained earlier
KE of dx element = 2A22sin2Kx sin2t dx
 /2
So KETotal = n  2A 22 sin 2 Kx sin 2 t dx
0
 /2
= nA  sin t  (1  cos 2Kx) dx
2 2 2


= nA 22 sin 2 t  
2
= nA 2 42n 2f 02   sin 2 t
L
n
= n A 4 f0 L sin2t
2 2 2 2

= ETotal sin2t
So Average KE = ETotal< sin2t >
1
= E Total
2

Paragraph for Question No. 17 to 19

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 111
 At a time t =0 a pulse moving in the +ve x-direction with velocity v in the shape given by the
x
  1 4  x  0
4
function between with y   x  1 0  x  1 , where x and y are in cm.


0 otherwise

17. If velocity is 10 m/s, which of the graphs shows the shape and position of the string at a time
t = 1 millisec
y y

x(cm) x(cm)
(A) (B) 1

y y

-1
x(cm) x(cm)
1
(C) (D)

Ans. (B)
Sol. At t = 0, Shape of string will be :
y

x(cm)
–4 1

As v = 10 m/s, So at t = 1 ms, wave will shift to right by a distance = vt

= 10 × 10–3 = 0.01 m = 1 cm.
Hence (B)

18. The wave equation that explicitly gives the displacement of any point at any time is
1  1 
 x  Vt   1 4   x  Vt   0  x  Vt   1 4   x  Vt   0
4 4
(A) y    x  Vt   1 0   x  Vt   1 (B) y    x  Vt   1 0   x  Vt   1
 

 0 otherwise 
0 otherwise
 1  1
  x  Vt   1 4   x  Vt   0   x  Vt   1 4   x  Vt   0
 4  4
(C) y   x  Vt   1 0   x  Vt   1 (D) y   x  Vt   1 0   x  Vt   1
 

0 otherwise 
0 otherwise

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 112
Ans. (A)
Sol. Replace x by x–t in the given equation.

19. Velocity of a point at x = 20 m as a function of time is given as

1
 m/s 1.999  t  2 s 1m/s 1.999  t  2 s
4 
 1
(A) v  1 m/s 2  t  2.004 s (B) v   m/s 2  t  2.004 s

0 otherwise  4
 
0 otherwise
5
10m/s 1.999  t  2 s  m/s 1.999  t  2 s
 2
 5
(C) v   m/s 2  t  2.004 s (D) v  10 m/s 2  t  2.004 s
2 
 
 0 otherwise
0 otherwise
Ans. (C)
Sol. As x is in cm in the given equation
So x = 20 m = 2000 cm
& v = 10 m/s = 1000 cm/s
As obtained in previous question
1
 4 (x  Vt)  1 4  (x  Vt)  0 cm

y   (x  Vt)  1 0  (x  Vt)  1cm
 0 otherwise


1
 4 (V) 4  x  Vt  0
y 
So, vp =   V 0  x  Vt  1
t 
0 otherwise


 5
 2 m / s 4  2000  1000t  0

=  10m / s 0  2000 1000t  1
 0 otherwise


 5
 2 m / s 2004  1000t  2000

=  10m / s 2000  1000t  1999
 0 otherwise



NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 113
  5
 2 m / s 2.004  t  2 s

=  10 m / s 2  t  1.999 s
 0 otherwise



Paragraph for Question No. 20 to 22

A wave represented by equation y = 2(mm) sin [4(sec–1)t–2(m–1)x] is superimposed with

another wave y = 2 (mm) sin [4(sec–1)t + 2(m–1)x + /3] on a tight string.
20. Phase difference between two particles which are located at x1 = 1/7 and x2 = 5/12 is
5 5
(A) 0 (B) (C)  (D)
6 3
Ans. (C)

21. Which of the following is not a location of antinode?

2 11 5 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 12 12 12
Ans. (A)

22. The location having maximum potential energy is

(A) 1/7 (B) 1/6 (C) 5/12 (D) 23/12
Ans. (B)

Sol.20 to 22
y1=A sin [t – kx]
y1=A sin [t – kx + /2]
A = 2 mm, w = 4 k = 2
   
 yRes.  2A sin  t   cos  kx  
 6  6
   
 2A cos  kx   sin  t  
 6  6
1 5
x1  , x2 
7 12

Nodes : y = 0

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 114
  
cos  kx    0
 6
 
kx    2n  a 
6 2
  1
x0   
3k 3  2 6
4 4k 4
x1   
3k 3  2 6

Phase difference between x1 and x2:

  (as points x1 and x2 are either sides of a node, hence phase difference of )

Antinodes
 
cos  kx    1
 6

kx   n
6
 1
x  n  
 6k
 1 1 1
x  n    n  
 6k 2 6
5 11 17 23
x ' ' .....
12' 12 12 12
Location of max.potential energy, are nodes
1
x
6

Paragraph for Question No. 23 to 25


A harmonic oscillator at x=0, oscillates with a frequency and amplitude a. It is generating
2
waves at end of a thin string in which velocity of wave is v1 and which is connected to another
heavier string in which velocity of wave is v2 as shown, length of first string is .

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 115
 y
v1 v2

 x
23. If harmonic oscillator oscillates by an equation y = a sint. The equation of incident wave in
first string is
 x  x
(A) y  a sin   t   (B) y  a sin   t  
 v1   v1 
  x    x 
(C) y  a sin   t      (D) y  a sin   t     
  v1     v1  
Ans. (A)

24. Equation of transmitted wave in second string if its amplitude is at is

 x  
(A) y  at sin   t   (B) y  at sin   t  
 v2   v1 
  x    x
(C) y  at sin   t    (D) y  at sin   t  
 v1 v2   v2 
Ans. (C)

25. Equation of reflected wave, if it is reflecting at the joint and amplitude of reflected wave is aR
 x    x  
(A) y  aR sin   t   (B) y  aR sin   t     
 v2    v1 v1  
  x    2  x  
(C) y  aR sin   t      (D) y  aR sin   t    
  v1     v1  
Ans. (B)

Sol. 23 to 25

 x
Yi = a sin   t  
 v1 
Transmitted at x = L
 L
Y x L   a sin   t  
 v1 

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 116
  L  x   
Yt  a t sin   t   
 v1  v2 
Reflected at x = L
  
y x 2L  a sin   t  
 v1 
   x   
y Reff  a r sin   t      
 v1  v1  

26. In column-I transverse waves travelling on a string at t = 0 is shown. Wave velocity is indicated
by ‘c’. Column-II describes variation of different parameters for particle A or for all the
particles.
Column-I Column-II
v
y
c t=0
A
(A) (P) t
x

For particle A
v
y
c t=0

(B) (Q) t
x

A
For particle A
v
y
c t=0
A
(C) (R) t
x

For particle A

vP
y
t=0
c

(D) (S) x
x

A
At t = 0 for all the particles

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 117
 vP

(T) x

At t = 0 for all the particles

Ans. (A)(Q,S) ; (B)(P,R,T) ; (C)(Q,T) ; (D)(P,R,S)

Sol. (A) y = A sin (t –kx)
dy
v p  = A cos(t – kx)
dt

At x = (point A) v = (A) cos (t – /2)
4
At t = 0 vp = (A) cos(–kx)
(B) y = A sin (t –kx + )
dy
vP cos= = A cos(t – kx + )
dt

At x = (point A) V = (A) cos ( + – /2) = A sint
4
At t = 0 v = A cos ( – kx)
= –wAcoskx
(C) y = A sin(t+ kx)
vp = A cos (t + kx)
At x = /4 v = A cos (/2 – t)
= A sint
At t = 0 v = A cos k
 Dy = A sin (t + kx +  )
vp = wA cos (t + vx + )
At x = /4 v = A cos (3/2 – t)
= A sint
At t = 0 v = A cos( + k)
–A coskx
27. The graphs show the standing wave on a string at two successive instants of time t1,t2. A, B, C
are points on the string (so is the maximum displacement amplitude of the standing wave) table
II gives observations about net mechanical energy for the time interval between t1& t2.

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 118
 y
AB C
S0 t = t1=0
x

S0
y t = t2
x

Column-I Column-II
(A) A (P) Kinetic energy at this element is increasing.
(B) B (Q) Energy is flowing towards right through this point at t1.
(C) C (R) Energy is flowing left through this point at t1.
(S) No net energy ever crosses this point
Ans. (A)(P,Q) ; (B)(P,S) ; (C)(P,R)
Sol. As point A goes down, It is going towards its mean position, So its KE is increasing and its PE
is decreasing, as string is becoming straight.
Same case with point C.
For point B, PE remains zero but KE is increasing,
So this increased KE comes from left & Right.

28. In a string a standing wave is set up whose equation is given as y = 2A sin kx cos t. The mass
per unit length of the string is .
Column-I Column-II
(A) at t = 0 (P) Total energy per unit length at x= 0 is 2A22.
T
(B) at t  (Q) Total energy per unit length at x=  is 2A22.
8
T
(C) at t  (R) Total energy per unit length at x= is 2A22.
4
T
(D) at t  (S) power transmitted through a point at x= is 0.
2
Ans. (A)(P,R,S,T) ; (B)(S,T) ; (C)(Q,S,T) ; (D)(P,R,S,T)
Sol.

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 119
 y = 2A sin kx cos t
(A) At t = 0
y = 2A sin kx
1
Energy per unit length = ((2A)) 2
2
 2µA22
Power transmission is zero at nodes and antinodes because energy is trapped between nodes
and antinodes in standing waves

So, at x = Pt = 0 (Antinode)
4
x= Pt = 0 (Node)
T
(B) at t =
8

y = 2A sin kx cos  
4
=  
2A sin kx

 
1 2
E= µ 2A
2
= u A22
At x = Node (Antinode) Power transmitted = 0.
(C) At t = T/4
y = 2A sin kx cos (/2)
y=0

1
dk = (udx) v 2p
2
dk 1  dy  2 1
 u    u(2A)2  sin kx sin t 
2

dx 2  dt  2
= 2uA22 (sin2kx) sin2t
dk
At x = 0 0
dx
At x = 0 2μA22
(D) Same as (A)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 120
29. In case of mechanical wave a particle oscillates and during oscillation its kinetic energy and
potential energy changes.

Column I Column II
(A) When particle of travelling wave is passing (P) Kinetic energy is maximum
throughmean position.
(B) When particle of travelling wave is at (Q) Potential energy is maximum
extremeposition.
(C) When particle between node and antinode in standing (R) Kinetic energy is minimum
wave is passing through mean position
(D) When particle between node and antinode in standing (S) Potential energy is minimum
wave is at extreme position
Ans. (A)(P,Q) ; (B)(R,S) ; (C)(P,S) ; (D)(Q,R)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 121
 EXERCISE # (JM)
1. A sound absorber attenuates the sound level by 20 dB. The intensity decreases by a factor of-
[AIEEE - 2007]
(1) 1000 (2) 10000 (3) 10 (4*) 100
1 2
Sol. 1 = 10 log 2 = 10 log
0 0

1 – 2 = 10 log 1 = 20
2
 1
log 1 = 2  = 100
2 2
2. While measuring the speed of sound by performing a resonance column experiment, a student
gets the first resonance condition at column length of 18 cm during winter. Repeation the same
experiment during summer, student measures the column length to be x cm for the second
resonance. Then
[AIEEE - 2008]
(1) 18 > x (2*) x > 54 (3) 54 > x > 36 (4) 36 > x > 18
Sol. During summer speed of sound increases. So wavelength increases.
so x > 3 × 18 so x > 54

3. A wave travelling along the x-axis is described by the equation y (x, t) = 0.005 cos (x–t). If
the wavelength and the time period of the wave in 0.08m and 2.0 s respectively then  and  in
appropriate units are [AIEEE - 2008]
0.08 2.0
(1)   25.00,    (2)   , 
 
0.04 1.0 
(3)   ,  (4)   12.50 ,  
  2.0
Ans. (1)
2 2 2
Sol. =   = = 25  = 2 T = 
 0.05 T

4. Three sound waves of equal amplitudes have frequencies (–1), , (+1). They superpose to give
beats. The number of beats produced per second will be :- [AIEEE - 2009]
(1*) 2 (2) 1 (3) 4 (4) 3
Sol. Maximum number of beats = ν + 1− (ν −1) = 2

5. A motor cycle starts from rest and accelerates along a straight path at 2 m/s2. At the starting point
of the motor cycle there is a stationary electric siren. How far has the motor cycle gone when the
driver hears the frequency of the siren at 94% of its value when the motor cycle was at rest ?
(Speed of sound = 330 ms–1) :- [AIEEE - 2009]
(1) 147 m (2) 196 m (3) 49 m (4*) 98 m
Sol. Motor cycle has travelled a distance s. Its velocity at that point

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 122
 v = 2as
The observed frequency
330 – v
f' = f
330
330 – v
 0.94 =
330
 v = 0.06 × 330 m/s
= 19.8 m/s
2
v 19.82
s=  = 9.92 = 98 m
2a 2  2

6. The equation of a wave on a string of linear mass density 0.04 kg m–1 is given by y = 0.02(m)
  t x 
sin  2  –   . The tension in the string is : [AIEEE-2010]
  0.04( s ) 0.50( m )  
(1) 6.25 N (2) 4.0 N (3) 12.5 N (4) 0.5 N
Ans. (1)
Sol. By equation, frequency and wavelength are
1
f= and  = 0.5
0.04
1 25
 V= × 0.5 =
0.04 2

2
T  25  625
by V =    = 0.04  T = 4 × 0.04
  2 
T = 6.25 N
The transverse displacement y(x, t) of a wave on a string is given by y  x, t   e 
 ax2 bt 2  2 abxt 
7. .
This represents a :- [AIEEE-2011]
(1) standing wave of frequency b
1
(2) standing wave of frequency
b
a
(3) wave moving in +x direction with speed
b
b
(4) wave moving in –x direction with speed
a
Ans. (4)
Sol. y(x, t)  e[ ax  bt]2

y(x, t)  e(ax bt)

2
It is transverse type
b
Speed v =
a

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 123
 and wave is moving along –x direction.
8. Statement-1: Two longitudinal waves given by equations : y1(x, t) = 2a sin (t – kx) and y2(x,
t) = a sin (2t – 2kx) will have equal intensity.
Statement-1: Intensity of waves of given frequency in same medium is proportional to square
of amplitude only. [AIEEE - 2011]
(1) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true
(2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false
(3) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 true; statement-2 is the correct explanation of statement-1
(4) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement -2 is not correct explanation of statement-1.
Ans. (2)
1
Sol. I = A22vw
2

9. A travelling wave represented by y = A sin(t–kx) is superimposed on another wave

represented by y = A sin (t + kx). The resultant is :- [AIEEE-2011]
1 
(1) A standing wave having nodes at x   n   , n  0,1, 2
 2 2
(2) A wave travelling along + x direction
(3) A wave travelling along –x direction
(4) A standing wave having nodes at x  n ; n = 0, 1, 2
2
Ans. (1)
Sol. Y = A sin(t – kx) + A sin(t + kx)
Y = 2A sintcoskx standing wave
For nodes coskx = 0
2 
.x = (2n + 1)
 2
(2n  1)
 x= , n = 0,1,2,3,........
4

10. A cylindrical tube, open at both ends, has a fundamental frequency, f, in air. The tube is dipped
vertically in water so that half of it is in water. The fundamental frequency of the air-column is
now : [AIEEE-2012]
(1) 2f (2*) f (3) f/2 (4) 3f/4
v
Sol. f0
2
v
fC
2

11. A Sonometer wire of length 1.5m is made of steel. The tension in it produces an elastic strain of
1%. What is the fundamental frequency of steel if density and elasticity of steel are 7.7 × 10 3
kg/m3 and 2.2 × 1011 N/m2 respectively? [AIEEE-2013]
(1) 188.5 Hz (2) 178.2 Hz (3) 200.5 Hz (4) 770 Hz
Ans. (2)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 124
 v 1 T 1 T
Sol. f=  
2 2  2 Ad
T T Y 1 y
Also Y =    f=
A A  2 d

 = 1.5m, = 0.01, d = 7.7 × 103 kg/m3

y = 2.2 × 1011 N/m2
After solving
2 103
f=  Hz.
7 3
f 178.2 Hz. Ans. (2)

12. A train is moving on a straight track with speed 20 ms–1. It is blowing its whistle at the frequency
of 1000 Hz. The percentage change in the frequency heard by a person standing near the track as
the train passes him is (speed of sound = 320 ms–1 ) close to : [JEE MAIN 2015]
(1*) 12% (2) 18 % (3) 24% (4) 6%
 320   320 
Sol. f1(train approaches) = 1000   =1000   Hz.
 320  20   300 
 320   320 
f2(train recedes) = 1000   = 1000   Hz.
 320  20   340 
 f f   300  40
f =  1 2  × 100% = 1   × 100% = × 100%
 f1   340  340
   12 %.

13. A uniform string of length 20 m is suspended from a rigid support. A short wave pulse is
introduced at its lowest end. It starts moving up the string. The time taken to reach the support is
: (take g = 10 ms–2 ) [JEE MAIN 2016]
(1) 2s (2) 2 2 s (3) 2 s (4) 2 2 s
Ans. (2)
Sol.

m, L
T
v
x

m
=
L
T = (x)g
T xg
v=   xg
 
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 125
 dx
  xg
dt
L t
dx
  g  dt
0 x 0

t=2 2s
14. A pipe open at both ends has a fundamental frequency ƒ in air. The pipe is dipped vertically in
water so that half of it is in water. The fundamental frequency of the air column is now:
[JEE MAIN 2017]
3f f
(1) (2) 2f (3*) f (4)
4 2
Sol. For open end pipe in air, fundamental frequency:
f = V/2L
For the pipe closed at one end (dipped in water), fundamental frequency:
f' = V/4L'
L' = L/2
f' = V/2L = f
15. An observer is moving with half the speed of light towards a stationary microwave source
emitting waves at frequency 10 GHz. What is the frequency of the microwave measured by the
observer? (speed of light = 3 × 108ms–1) [JEE MAIN 2017]
(1) 10.1 GHz (2) 12.1 GHz (3*) 17.3 GHz (4) 15.3 GHz
 1   v
Sol. f' =   f, where  =
 1   c
 
So, f' = 17.3 GHz
16. A heavy ball of mass M is suspended from the ceiling of a car by a light string of mass m
(m<<M). When the car is at rest, the speed of transverse waves in the string is 60 ms–1. When the
car has acceleration a, the wave-speed increases to 60.5 ms–1. The value of a, in terms of
gravitational acceleration g, is closest to : [JEE Main-2019]
g g g g
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 20 10 30
Ans. (1)
Mg
Sol. 60 


M(g 2  a 2 )1/2 60.5 g2  a 2

60.5   =
 60 g

 0.5  g  a
24 2
2
1     1
 60 
2
g 60 (By using Binomial expansion)

 g2  a 2  g2  g2 
60

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 126
 2 g g
a= g  
60 30 5.47

17. A string of length 1 m and mass 5 g is fixed at both ends. The tension in the string is 8.0 N. The
siring is set into vibration using an external vibrator of frequency 100 Hz. The separation
between successive nodes on the string is close to : [JEE Main-2019]
(1) 20.0 cm (2) 16.6 cm (3) 10.0 cm (4) 33.3 cm
Ans. (1)
Sol. Velocity of wave on string
T 8
V  1000  40m / s
 5
v 40
Now, wavelength of wave    m
f 100
 20
Separation b/w successive nodes,  m
2 100
= 20 cm

18. Equation of travelling wave on a stretched string of linear density 5 g/m is y = 0.03 sin(450 t –
9x) where distance and time are measured is SI units. The tension in the string is :
[JEE Main-2019]
(1) 12.5 N (2) 5 N (3) 7.5 N (4) 10 N
Ans. (1)
 450
Sol. V   50
K 9
T
V=
M
T
50 =  T = 12.5 N
5 103

19. A travelling harmonic wave is represented by the equation y (x, t) = 10–3 sin (50 t + 2x), where
x and y are in meter and t is in seconds. Which of the following is a correct statement about the
wave? [JEE Main-2019]
(1) The wave is propagating along the positive x-axis with speed 25 ms–1
(2) The wave is propagating along the negative x-axis with speed 25ms–1
(3) The wave is propagating along the negative x-axis with speed 100 ms–1
(4) The wave is propagating along the positive x-axis with speed 100 ms–1
Ans. (2)

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 127
 dx
Sol. = = – 25 m/s
dt
20. Speed of a transverse wave on a straight wire (mass 6.0 g, length 60 cm and area of cross-
section 1.0 mm2) is 90 ms–1. If the Young's modulus of wire is 16 × 1011 Nm–2, the extension of
wire over its natural length is: [JEE Main-2020]
(1) 0.03 mm (2) 0.02 mm (3) 0.04 mm (4) 0.01 mm
Ans. (1)
T
Sol. v

YA
l
l 16 1011 106  l
90  
m 6 103
l
8100  3
 108  l
8

21. A transverse wave travels on a taut steelwire with a velocity of v when tension in itis
2.06 × l04 N. When the tension ischanged to T, the velocity changed to v/2.The value of T is
close to: [JEE Main-2020]
(1) 10.2 ×102 N (2) 30.5 ×104 N (3) 5.15 ×103 N (4) 2.50 ×104 N
Ans. (3)
Sol. v T
v T
v  T 
2 4
T
 2.06 104  5.15 103
4

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 128
 EXERCISE # (JA)
1. A string fixed at both ends is in resonance in its 2nd harmonic with a tuning fork of frequency
f1. Now its one end becomes free. If the frequency of the tuning fork is increased slowly from f1
then again a resonance is obtained when the frequency is f2. If in this case the string vibrates in
nth harmonic then [IIT JEE-2005(Scr)]
3 5 5 3
(A) n = 3, f2 = f1 (B) n =3, f2 = f1 (C) n = 5, f2 = f1 (D) n = 5, f2 = f1
4 4 4 4
Ans. (C)
2v  1 v
Sol. f1 = ; f2 =  m  
2L  2  2L
As f2> f1
1
m+ >2 ; m=2
2
5v 5
So f2 = = f1
4L 4
th
and 5 harmonic

2. A transverse harmonic disturbance is produced in a string. The maximum transverse velocity is

3 m/s and maximum transverse acceleration is 90 m/s2. If the wave velocity is 20 m/s then find
the waveform. [IIT JEE-2005]
3
Ans. y = (10 cm) sin ( 30 t ± x + )
2
Sol. Maximum particle velocity vmax =  A = 3 m/s
Maximum particle acceleration amax = 2 A = 90 m/s2
3 3
amax = vmax =  × 3 = 90 m/s2    = 30 s–1 A = = = 0.1 m
 30
 30 3
k= = = [where v is velocity of wave]
v 20 2
 3 
Equation of wave in string y = 0.1 sin  30 t  x    [where  is initial phase]
 2 
3. A massless rod is suspended by two identical strings AB and CD of equal length. A block of
mass m is suspended from point O such that BO is equal to ‘x’. Further, it is observed that the
frequency of 1st harmonic (fundamental frequency) in AB is equal to 2nd harmonic frequency in
CD. Then, length of BO is [IIT JEE-2006]

L L 4L 3L
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 4 5 4
Ans. (A)
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 129
Sol.

1 
= 1 = 2; 2 =  1 = 2
2 2
v1 / f
2
v2 / f

v1 T1 /  T1
=2=  = 4 ——(1)
v2 T2 /  T2
Now moment about P : T1 x = T2 ( – x)
 – x = 4x x = /5
Paragraph for question Nos. 4 to 6
Two waves y1 = A cos (0.5 x – 100 t) and y2 = A cos (0.46 x – 92 t) are travelling in a pipe placed
along x-axis. [IIT JEE-2006]
4. Find the number of times intensity is maximum in time interval of 1 sec.
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10
Ans. (A)
Sol. 2f1  100 f1 = 50
2f2 = 92 f2 = 46
beatfrq = 50 – 46 = 4
5. Find wave velocity of louder sound
(A) 100 m/s (B) 192 m/s (C) 200 m/s (D) 96 m/s
Ans. (C)
 100
Sol. v= =
k 0.5
Speed v = 200
6. At x = 0 how many times the value of y1 + y2 is zero in one second?
(A) 100 (B) 46 (C) 192 (D) 96
Ans. (A)
Sol. At x = 0,
y = y1 + y2 = 2A cos96 t cos 4 t
For y = 0, cos 96  t = 0 or cos 4 t = 0
1 3 5 7
 for 0 < t < 1 cos 4 t become 0 at t = , , , sec
8 8 8 8
1 3 5 7
0 < t < 1 cos 4 t, t = , , ,
8 8 8 8
butcos 96 t is not 0 at these values but cos 96  t become 0, 96 times in 1 sec.
Therefore net amplitude become zero 100 times.

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 130
7. A transverse sinusoidal wave moves along a string in the positive x-direction at a speed of 10
cm/s. The wavelength of the wave is 0.5 m and its amplitude is 10 cm. At a particular time t,
the snap-shot of the wave is shown in figure. The velocity of point P when its displacement is 5
cm is : [IIT-JEE 2008]
y

P
x

3 3 3 3
(A) ĵ m/s (B)  ĵ m/s (C) î m/s (D)  î m/s
50 50 50 50
Ans. (A)

Sol.
V =  A 2  y2
V P = 2   f A 2  y2
V 2
V P = 2     A 2  y2 = × 0.1 (0.1)2  (0.05)2
 0.5
3
VP = j m/s
50
8. A vibrating string of certain length  under a tension T reasonates with a mode corresponding
to the first overtone (third harmonic) of an air column of length 75 cm inside a tube closed at
one end. The string also generates 4 beats per second when excited along with a tuning fork of
frequency n. Now when the tension of the string is slightly increased the number of beats
reduces to 2 per second. Assuming the velocity of sound in air to be 340 m/s, the frequency n
of the tuning fork in Hz is. [IIT JEE-2008]
(A) 344 (B) 336 (C) 117.3 (D) 109.3
Ans. (A)
Sol. As string and tube are in resonance f1 = f2
|f1 – n| = 4 Hz.
When T increases, f1 also increases. It is given
that beat frequency decreases to 2 Hz.
 n – f1 = 4
n = 4 + f1
as f1 = f2
n = 4 + f2

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 131
 3V 3  340
f2 = = = 340
4l 4  (3 / 4)
n = 344

9. A 20 cm long string having a mass of 1.0 g, is fixed at both the ends. The tension in the string
is 0.5 N. The string is set into vibrations using an external vibrator of frequency 100 Hz. Find
the separation (in cm) between the successive nodes on the string. [IIT JEE-2009]
Ans. 5
T 0.5
Sol. v= = 3
= 10 m/sec.
 10 / 0.2
v = f
10 = (100)   = 0.1 m = 10 cm

distance between two successive nodes = = 5 cm
2

10. When two progressive waves y1=4 sin(2x – 6t) and y2 =3 sin  2x  6t   are superimposed,
 2
the amplitude of the resultant wave is [IIT-JEE 2010]
Ans. 5
Sol. Aeq = A12  A22  2A1A2 cos 

Aeq = 42  32  2(4)(3) cos
2
Aeq = 5.
11. A horizontal stretched string, fixed at two ends, is vibrating in its fifth harmonic according to
the equation, y(x, t) = (0.01m) sin [(62.8 m–1)x]cos [(628 s–1)t]. Assuming  = 3.14, the correct
statement(s) is (are) [IIT-JEE 2013]
(A) The number of nodes is 5.
(B) The length of the string is 0.25 m.
(C) The maximum displacement of the midpoint of the string, from its equilibrium position is 0.01m.
(D) The fundamental frequency is 100 Hz.
Ans. (B,C)
Sol.

(A) There are 5 complete loops.

Total number of nodes = 6
(B)  = 628 sec–1
2 1
k = 62.8 m–1 =   
 10
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 132
  628
vw = = = 10 ms–1
k 62.8
5
L=  0.25
2
(C) 2A = 0.01 = maximum amplitude of antinode
v 10
(D) f =  = 20 Hz.
2 2  0.25
12. A block M hangs vertically at the bottom end of a uniform rope of constant mass per unit
length. The top end of the rope is attached to a fixed right support at O. A transverse wave
pulse (Pulse 1) of wavelength 0 is produced at point O on the rope. The pulse takes time TOA
to reach point A. If the wave pulse of wavelength 0 is produced at point A (Pulse 2) without
disturbing the position of M it takes time TAO to reach point O. Which of the following options
is/are correct? [IIT-JEE 2017]
//////////////
O Pulse 1

Pulse 2
A M

(A)The time TAO = TOA

(B) The velocities of the two pulses (Pulse 1 and Pulse 2) are the same at the midpoint of rope
(C) The wavelength of Pulse 1 becomes longer when it reaches point A
(D) The velocity of any pulse along the rope is independent of its frequency and wavelength
Ans. (AD)
Sol. As tension remains same at each point of string,
So velocity at each point is same in both cases.
Hence TAO = TOA.
Answer the question 13 and 14 by appropriately matching the lists based on the
information given in the paragraph
A musical instrument is made using four different metal strings. 1, 2, 3 and 4 with mass per
unit length µ, 2µ, 3µ and 4µ respectively. The instrument is played by vibrating the strings by
varying the free length in between the range L0 and 2L0. It is found that in string-1(µ) at free
length L0 and tension T0 the fundamental mode frequency is f0.
List-I gives the above four strings while list-II lists the magnitude of some quantity.
[IIT-JEE 2019]
List-I List-II
(I) String-1 (µ) (P) l
(II) String-2 (2µ) (Q) 1/2
(III) String-3 (3µ) (R) l/ 2
(IV) String-4 (4µ) (S) 1/ 3
(T) 3/16

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 133
 (U) 1/16
13. If the tension in each string is T0. the correct match for the highest fundamental frequency in f0
units will be.
(1) I  Q. II  S. III  R. IV  P
(2) I  Q. II  P. III  R. IV  T
(3) I  P. II  Q. III  T. IV  S
(4) I P. II R. III S, IVQ
Ans. (4)
V0 1 T0 1
Sol. f0 =   F0 
4L0 4L0 µ µ
(i) f = f0
f
(ii) f= 0
2
f
(iii) f= 0
3
f
(iv) f= 0
2

3L0 5L0 7L 0
14. The length of the strings 1, 2, 3 and 4 are kept fixed at L0, , and respectively.
2 4 4
Strings 1, 2, 3 and 4 are vibrated at their 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th harmonics, respectively such that
all the strings have same frequency. The correct match for the tension in the four strings in the
units of T0 will be.
(1) I  P. II  R. III  T. IV  U
(2) I  T. II  Q. III  R. IV  U
(3) I  P. II  Q. III  T. IV  U
(4) I P. II Q. III R, IVT
Ans. (3)
v 1 T0
Sol. F0 = 0 
4L0 4L0 µ
(i) f1 = f0
3 T 1 T0
(ii) f = 
3L
4· 0 2µ0 4L0 µ
2
T
2  T0
2
T
T= 0
2

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 134
 1 T0 5 T
(iii) 
4L0 µ0 4 5L0 3µ0
4
T 3T0
T0  4 T=
3 16
1 T0 14 T
(iv) 
4L0 µ 4  7L0 4µ0
4
T
T0  8 d
4

NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 97831-97831 135