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IS 40 (1971): Carbon black for paints [CHD 20: Paints,

Varnishes and Related Products]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

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है”
ह
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“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS : 40 - 1971
(Superseding IS : 41-1950, IS : 42-1950
and IS : 43-1950)
(Reaffirmed 1997)
Edition 2.1
(1987-09)
Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
CARBON BLACK FOR PAINTS
( First Revision )
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

UDC 661.666.4 : 667.622.14

© BIS 2002
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 3
 IS : 40 - 1971
(Superseding IS : 41-1950, IS : 42-1950
and IS : 43-1950)

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
CARBON BLACK FOR PAINTS
( First Revision )
Raw Materials for Paint Industry Sectional Committee, CDC 50
Chairman Representing
DR R. J. RATHI Sudarshan Chemical Industries Pvt Ltd, Poona
Members
SHRI K. L. RATHI ( Alternate to
Dr R. J. Rathi )
SHRI S. G. ARCHIC Indian Paint Association, Calcutta
DR P. K. BHANDARI ( Alternate )
SHRI C. J. BHUMKAR Asian Paints (India) Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. K. BOSE National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI K. N. CHOWDHRY Ministry of Defence (DGI)
SHRI G. C. DESAI Goodlass Nerolac Paints Ltd, Bombay
SHRI M. VAITHYANATHAN ( Alternate )
SHRI S. H. DESAI Blundell Eomite Paints Ltd, Bombay
JOINT DIRECTOR (M & C) Railway Board (Ministry of Railways)
ASSISTANT RESEARCH OFFICER
(CM) ( Alternate )
SHRI K. V. KRISHNAN Colour-Chem Ltd, Bombay
SHRI R. M. TILLU ( Alternate )
SHRI T. K. S. MANI Addisons Paints & Chemicals Ltd, Madras
SHRI M. B. SATYANARAYANA ( Alternate )
SHRI V. M. NACHANE Chowgule & Co (Hind) Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI J. P. NARAIN Associated Pigments Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI KUMUD NANDAN SAHAYA ( Alternate )
SHRI B. RAMA MURTI Travancore Titanium Products Ltd, Trivandrum
DR V. S. VIJAYAN NAYER ( Alternate )
SHRI V. S. PANCHAMIYA Kamani Metallic Oxides Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI P. C. REDDY Union Carbide India Ltd, Calcutta
REPRESENTATIVE Jenson & Nicholson (India) Ltd, Calcutta
DR B. SANYAL Ministry of Defence (R & D)
SHRI K. K. CHOUDHRY ( Alternate )
Shri K. N. R. Sharma Directorate General of Technical Development
SHRI S. N. AGARWAL ( Alternate )
SHRI P. K. SHUNGLU The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd, New
Delhi
( Continued on page 2 )

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
IS : 40 - 1971
( Continued from page 1 )
Members Representing
SHRI Y. S. SWAMY The Alkali and Chemical Corporation of India,
Calcutta
SHRI K. S. THAKKAR Esso Standard Eastern Inc, Bombay
SHRI D. DAS GUPTA, Director General, ISI ( Ex-officio Member )
Director (Chem)

Secretary
SHRI S. ARAVAMUDHAN
Assistant Director (Chem), ISI

Pigments and Extenders Subcommittee, CDC 50 : 1

Convener
SHRI S. K. BOSE National Test House, Calcutta
Members
SHRI K. N. CHOWDHRY Ministry of Defence (DGI)
SHRI S. H. DESAI Blundell Eomite Paints Ltd, Bombay
SHRI P. N. KHANNA Asian Paints (India) Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. V. KRISHNAN Colour-Chem Ltd, Bombay
SHRI R. M. TILLU ( Alternate )
SHRI V. C. PANCHAMIYA Kamani Metallic Oxides Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. L. RATHI Sudarshan Chemical Industries Pvt Ltd, Poona
SHRI KESHRI NANDAN SAHAYA Associated Pigments Ltd, Bombay
SHRI B. M. SHAH The Hindustan Mineral Products Co Pvt Ltd,
Bombay
SHRI B. J. SHROFF ( Alternate )
SHRI M. VAITHYANATHAN Goodlass Nerolac Paints Ltd, Bombay

Panel for Organic Pigments, CDC 50 : 1 : 2

Convener
SHRI S. H. DESAI Blundell Eomite Paints Ltd, Bombay
Members
SHRI G. C. DESAI Goodlass Nerolac Paints Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. V. KRISHNAN Colour-Chem Ltd, Bombay
SHRI R. M. TILLU ( Alternate )
DR SHAIKH MAHAMOOD United Carbon India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. L. RATHI Sudarshan Chemical Industries Pvt Ltd, Poona

2
 IS : 40 - 1971

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
CARBON BLACK FOR PAINTS
( First Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 24 December 1971, after the draft finalized by
the Raw Materials for Paint Industry Sectional Committee had been
approved by the Chemical Division Council.
0.2 This standard was first issued in 1950 based largely on the interim
co-ordinated draft produced with the assistance of the representatives of
manufacturers and of various departments and authorities of the
Government of India by the Co-ordinating Subcommittee of No. 5
Standing Committee on Specification for Paints and Allied Stores of
General Headquarters (now Army Headquarters).
0.3 The difficulties faced by the paint industry in getting supplies of
correct quality material resulted in the review of the original standard.
Such a review revealed that a revision of IS : 40-1950*, accommodating
various types of the material like jet black for general purposes and
having clean blue undertone will meet the requirements of the paint
industry.
0.3.1 In this revision the classification of the material is based on the
method of production, namely, furnace blacks, channel black, etc. In this
revision new requirements for colour value by Nigrometer, pH, moisture
and fixed carbon have also been included.
0.4 This revision supersedes IS : 41-1950† and IS : 42-1950‡ and
IS : 43-1950§ and recommends the use of carbon black conforming to this
standard in paint formulations in place of bone, vegetable and lamp
blacks which are neither produced in the country nor consumed by the
paint industry.
0.5 This edition 2.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (September 1987).
Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of
incorporation of the amendment.
0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS : 2-1960||. The number of significant places retained
in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value
in this standard.
*Specification for carbon black for paints.
†Specification for bone black for paints.
‡Specification for vegetable black for paints.
§Specification for lamp black for paints.
||Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

3
IS : 40 - 1971
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (First Revision) prescribes requirements and methods
of sampling and test for carbon black for paints.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 For the purpose of this standard definitions given in 2 of
IS : 33-1963* and in IS : 1303-1963† shall apply.
3. CLASSES AND TYPES
3.1 The material shall have the following classes:
Class 1 — Channel black, and
Class 2 — Furnace black.
3.1.1 The channel black shall have jet black undertone.
3.2 The furnace black shall have two types:
Type 1 — For general purposes; and
Type 2 — For tinting purposes having a clean blue undertone.
4. REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Form and Condition — The material shall be supplied in the form
of dry powder or in such a condition that it can be reduced to the powder
form by crushing, without grinding action, under a palette knife.
4.2 The material shall also comply with the requirements given in
Table 1.
5. PACKING AND MARKING
5.1 Packing — The material shall be packed in polyethylene bags
which in turn shall be packed in three-ply paper bags or in containers as
agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier.
5.2 Marking — The containers shall be marked with the following:
a) The name of the material;
b) Manufacturer’s name, and trade-mark, if any;
c) Date of manufacture;
d) Mass of material; and
e) Batch number or lot number in code or otherwise.
5.2.1 The containers may also be marked with the ISI Certification
Mark.
NOTE — The use of the ISI Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the
Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act, and the Rules and
Regulations made thereunder. Presence of this mark on products covered by an
Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply
with the requirements of that standard, under a well-defined system of inspection,
testing and quality control during production. This system, which is devised and
supervised by ISI and operated by the producer, has the further safeguard that the
products as actually marketed are continuously checked by ISI for conformity to
the standard. Details of conditions, under which a licence for the use of the ISI
Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be
obtained from the Indian Standards Institution.

*Methods of test for dry pigments and extenders for paints ( revised ).
†Glossary of terms relating to paints ( revised ).
4
 IS : 40 - 1971

TABLE 1 REQUIREMENTS FOR CARBON BLACK FOR PAINTS

( Clause 4.2 )

SL CHARACTERISTIC REQUIREMENTS METHODS OF TEST,

NO. REF TO























Class 1 Class 2 Appendix Cl No.
in IS :
33-1963*
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

i) Volatile matter, percent by 15 3 — 6

mass, Max

ii) Moisture, percent by mass, 1 1 A —

Max

iii) Residue on sieve, percent by 0.05 0.05 — 7

mass, Max

iv) Oil absorption 275 to 375† Within ± 10 — 8

percent of
approved
sample

v) Colour (blackness), 55 to 65 85 to 95 B —
nigrometer index

vi) Tone Not inferior to the — 10

approved sample

vii) Matter soluble in water, 0.25 0.25 — 12

percent by mass, Max

viii) Fixed carbon, percent by 85 97 — (By

mass, Min difference of
100-volatile
matter)

ix) pH value, Max 4 5 to 9 — 14

x) Acetone extract, percent by 0.02 0.5 — 16

mass, Max

xi) Ash, percent by mass, Max 0.02 0.5 — 17

*Methods of test for dry pigments and extenders for paints ( revised ). (Since
revised).
†It shall be, however, within ± 10 percent of the sample approved against this
specification, if any.

5
IS : 40 - 1971
6. SAMPLING
6.1 The representative samples of the material shall be drawn as
prescribed under 3 of IS : 33-1963*.

7. TEST METHODS
7.1 Tests shall be conducted as prescribed in IS : 33-1963* and in
Appendices A and B. References to relevant clauses of IS : 33-1963* and
Appendices A and B are given in col 6 and 5 respectively of Table 1.
7.2 Quality of Reagents — Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals
and distilled water ( see IS : 1070-1960† ) shall be employed in tests.
NOTE — ‘Pure chemicals' shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities
which affect the results of analysis.

8. CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY

8.1 A lot shall be declared as conforming to the requirements of this
standard if the test results of composite sample satisfy the requirements
prescribed under 4.

APPENDIX A
[ Table 1, Item (ii) ]

DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE

A-0. GENERAL
A-0.1 Outline of the Method — The material is heated under reflux
with an organic solvent which is immiscible with water. The carrier
liquid distils into a graduated receiver carrying with it water which then
separates to form the lower layer, the excess carrier liquid overflowing
from the trap and returning to the still.

A-1. APPARATUS
A-1.0 The Dean and Stark apparatus used for determination of water
content has the following essential features.
A-1.1 Flask — of 500 ml capacity, as shown in Fig. 1, and made of hard
resistance glass, well annealed and as free as possible from striae and
similar defects. Alternatively, a metal flask may be used.

*Methods of test for dry pigments and extenders for paints ( revised ). (Since
revised).
†Specification for water, distilled quality ( revised ).

6
 IS : 40 - 1971

FIG. 1 DEAN AND STARK ASSEMBLY (WITH 10-ml RECEIVER)

A-1.2 Condenser — made of hard resistance glass, well annealed and

as free as possible from striae and similar defects, with shape and
dimensions as shown in Fig. 2.
A-1.3 Spray Tube — made of glass, sealed at one end, having four
small holes equidistantly placed around the wall near the closed end of
the tube, with the shape and dimensions as shown in Fig. 2.

7
IS : 40 - 1971

FIG. 2 CONDENSER AND SPRAY TUBE (DEAN AND STARK APPARATUS)

8
 IS : 40 - 1971
A-1.4 Two-Millilitre Receiver — made of hard resistance glass, well
annealed and as free as possible from striae and similar defects,
provided with ground glass joints, and of shape and dimensions given in
Fig. 3. It consists essentially of the upper chamber together with the
tube and ground joint leading to the flask and the graduated tube. When
a metal flask is used, care shall be taken to provide an air-tight
connection between the flask and the receiver. The graduated portion
shall have a capacity of 2 ml at 20°C when filled to the highest
graduation mark. The scale shall cover the range of 0.1 to 2 ml and shall
be divided into intervals of 0.05 ml. The graduation marks
corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml shall be numbered. The
numbered graduation marks shall be carried completely round the tube.
The graduation marks corresponding to 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 ml and so on up
to and including 1.95 ml, shall be carried halfway round the tube. The
remaining graduation marks shall be intermediate in length and shall

FIG. 3 2-ml RECEIVER (DEAN AND STARK APPARATUS)

9
IS : 40 - 1971
project equally at each end beyond the shortest graduation marks.
The error at any point on the scale shall not exceed ± 0.03 ml and the
difference between the errors at any two points shall not exceed 0.03 ml.
A-1.5 Graduated Cylinder — 100 ml.

A-2. PROCEDURE
A-2.1 Weigh 100 g of the material in the flask, add 100 ml of dry
petroleum hydrocarbon solvent (boiling point 75° to 85°C) and 1 ml
of dry ethyl acetate (conforming to IS : 229-1964*) or amyl acetate
(conforming to IS : 231-1957†) and thoroughly mix the contents of the
flask. Pour petroleum hydrocarbon solvent into the receiver up to the
level of the side tube. Attach the flask to the Dean and Stark condensing
the collecting system and heat the flask at such a rate that the
condensate falls from the end of the condenser at a rate of two to five
drops per second. Continue the distillation until condensed water is no
longer visible in any part of the apparatus except at the bottom of the
graduated tube and until the volume of water collected remains
constant. Remove the persistent ring of condensed water in the
condenser tube, if any, by increasing the rate of distillation by a few
drops per second. Wash droplets of water which adhere to the lower end
of the condenser tube into the receiver with petroleum hydrocarbon
solvent, using the spray tube.
A-2.2 Note the number of millilitres of water in the receiver at the
temperature at which the sample was measured. Assuming the density
of 1.00 g/ml for the water collected in the receiver, calculate the
percentage of water (by mass) in the material.

APPENDIX B
[ Table 1, Item (v) ]

DETERMINATION OF COLOUR BY NIGROMETER

B-0. GENERAL
B-0.1 Outline of the Method — The nigrometer is used for the
measurement of blackness of black pigments like carbon blacks or lamp
blacks, when these pigments are examined in the dry state of admixture
with oil. It operates on the principle that blackness of the material is due
to absorption and scattering of incident light thus resulting in a decrease
in intensity of the reflected light. The decrease is measured on an
arbitrary scale.

*Specification for ethyl acetate. (Since revised).

†Specification for amyl acetate.

10
 IS : 40 - 1971
B-1. APPARATUS
B-1.1 The instrument is a photometer or intensimeter operating on a
110 to 115 V circuit and is designed to provide great intensity of
illumination on the black surface to be measured. It is provided with a
movable light source G.
B-1.1.1 By varying the position of this light source, a photometric
balance is obtained. This point of photometric balance is taken as the
measure of the blackness of the sample under examination.
B-1.2 The instrument shown in Fig. 4 essentially consists of a
cylindrical chamber A, where the oil rub-up of the carbon black
previously prepared and spread over a 50 × 75 mm microscope slide is
inserted in position so as to cover the central opening at H. The light
from six 21-candels (cd) 12- to 16-V headlight bulbs J in the chamber is
reflected by the sample, through the unsilvered aperture in the mirror
B, to the eye piece C. On looking through the eye piece, the observer will
see a small elliptical field in the centre of the larger circular field. This
field is then matched against light coming from the comparison source
G. [one 21-candels (cd) bulb connected in series with the six bulbs in
chamber A], through two opalescent glasses E and F and reflected from
the silvered surface of the mirror B, to the eye piece C. The comparison
source G is mounted on a movable arm operated at D, and is adjusted
until its intensity matches that reflected by the sample. The position of
the arim at matching intensity is read from an arbitrary, nearly
logarithmic scale, against the index pointer K.
NOTE — Since the instrument operates on an arbitrary scale and because it is
impossible to obtain lamps whose intensities do not change during use, a standard
of blackness is furnished. This is in the form of a small black tile. The instrument
should be checked against this standard tile before reading any sample. The
instrument is so devised that adjustment could be made to standardize its reading
with that of the tile, if at any time the two readings differ.

B-2. PROCEDURE
B-2.1 Weigh accurately about 0.25 g of carbon black and transfer to a
glass plate. Prepare a paste with 3 ml of stand oil (conforming to
IS : 79-1950*). Transfer the plate to a mortar using a steel spatula and
mull 150 strokes using a glass muller having a base diameter of 75 mm.
At the end of each 50 strokes, the paste is scraped into one piece on a
glass microscope slide. Without much pressure level the paste in a
circular form about 38 mm in diameter and about 3 mm in thickness. It
is very important that the glass slide be absolutely clear and free from
filaments and finger marks as a high reading on the nigrometer will be
obtained if these are present.
B-2.2 Place the prepared glass slide at H.
B-2.3 Take four successive readings turning the lights off while reading
the scale to prevent overheating the instrument. Report the average of
four readings.
*Specification for stand oil for paints (a) light (b) medium (c) heavy (d) extra heavy.
(Since revised).

11
 IS : 40 - 1971
12

Fig. 4 NIGROMETER
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to
promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality
certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country.
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course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade
designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are
also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review
indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken
up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest
amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly
Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee : CDC 50

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1 September 1987

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