Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

12
Zest for Progress
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General Physics 1
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Mechanical Waves and
Doppler Effect for Sound

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School:
1 ___________________________
 Module Mechanical Waves and Doppler Effect for Sound
5

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Mechanical waves and Doppler Effect for Sound. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe qualitatively and quantitatively the superposition of waves
(STEM_GP12MWS-IIe-35)
2. Apply the condition for standing waves on a string;(STEM_GP12MWS-IIe- 36)
3. Relate the frequency (source dependent) and wavelength of sound with the motion of
the source and the listener; (STEM_GP12MWS- IIe- 37)
4. Relate density, specific gravity, mass, and volume to each other (STEM_GP12FM-IIf-
40)

What’s In

During your grade 8 lesson about sound, you were able to describe the following
terms. Try to recall them by answering Activity 1.

Activity 1. Let’s Match! Score: _____/5

Directions: Match the word in Column A with its correct description in Column B.
Write the letter of the correct description on the space before each number.
(1 point each)
Column A Column B
___1. Frequency a. the lowest part of a wave
___2. Crest b. the highest part of a wave
___3. Trough c. the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a
___4. Wavelength given amount of time
___5. Transverse wave d. wave that moves perpendicular to the direction of
the wave travel
e. the distance from crest to crest or from trough to
trough
What’s New

Activity 2. Doppler Effect Score: _____/5

Directions: Study the figure and its information below. Then, answer the following
questions using the information. (1 point each)

2
 A B

Source:https://radiologykey.com/physical-principles-of-doppler-ultrasound/
Figure 1. An ambulance is passing the man. At point A, the ambulance is
approaching the man. At point B, the ambulance has passed the man.
1. At which point does the pitch sound of the siren higher on the man? _____________
2. At which point does the sound has a lower pitch from the man’s perspective? ___
3. A shorter wavelength results in a higher frequency (and higher pitch), and a
longer wavelength results in a lower frequency (and lower pitch). This apparent
change in frequency is called the ______________________.
4. Which one experienced the Doppler Effect, the ambulance or the man? _________
5. At which point does the pitch sound higher on the ambulance driver? ____________

Activity 3. True of False Score: ______/10

Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and write F if the statement is false on the space
provided before the number. (1 point each)
_____1. The wavelength (of a sinusoidal wave) is the distance from one crest to the next crest.
_____2. In a standing wave, the nodes move up and down.
_____3. P-waves (primary) and S-waves (secondary) are example of surface waves.
_____4. P-waves can travel in any type of material (solids, liquids, and gases).
_____5. Vibration is a repeated back and forth motion or oscillation of an object.
_____6. Water waves are an example of waves that involve a combination of both longitudinal
and transverse motions.
_____7. Superposition is the combination of two waves at the same location.
_____8. The distance from crest to crest or trough to trough is the wavelength.
_____9. Longitudinal wave the particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave
propagation.
_____10. The period (T) is the time in seconds it takes a wave to travel a distance equal to a
wavelength

What is It!
Oscillations or vibrations occur in many objects like the string of a guitar or an object
suspended at the end of a vibrating spring. Similarly building and bridges vibrate when heavy
trucks pass a nearby street. The atoms in a molecule continuously vibrate. Waves are
produced when objects vibrate or oscillate. The statements that you have encountered in
Activity 3 will be proven true or false as you go along the following discussions.
Mechanical Wave Defined
A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers
energy through a medium. While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the
medium of transmission the material is limited. Therefore, the oscillating material does not
move far from its initial equilibrium position. Mechanical Waves are waves which propagate
through a material medium (solid, liquid, or gas) at a wave speed which depends on the
elastic and inertial properties of that medium.

There are two basic types of wave motion for mechanical waves:
1. Longitudinal Waves
3
 In a longitudinal wave the particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave
propagation. The animation at right shows a one-dimensional longitudinal plane wave
propagating down a tube. The particles do not move down the tube with the wave; they simply
oscillate back and forth about their individual equilibrium positions. Pick a single particle and
watch its motion. The wave is seen as the motion of the compressed region (ie, it is a pressure
wave), which moves from left to right. The P waves (Primary waves) in an earthquake are
examples of Longitudinal waves. The P waves travel with the fastest velocity and are the first
to arrive.
2. Transverse waves
In a transverse wave the particle displacement is perpendicular to the direction of wave
propagation. The animation below shows a one-dimensional transverse plane wave
propagating from left to right. The particles do not move along with the wave; they simply
oscillate up and down about their individual equilibrium positions as the wave passes by.
Pick a single particle and watch its motion.
The S waves (Secondary waves) in an earthquake are examples of Transverse waves. S
waves propagate with a velocity slower than P waves, arriving several seconds later.
Water waves are an example of waves that involve a combination of both longitudinal
and transverse motions. As a wave travels through the waver, the particles travel in clockwise
circles. The radius of the circles decreases as the depth into the water increases. The
animation at right shows a water wave travelling from left to right in a region where the depth
of the water is greater than the wavelength of the waves. I have identified two particles in
orange to show that each particle indeed travels in a clockwise circle as the wave passes.

Source:https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-difference-between-a-longitudinal-wave-and-a-transverse-wave
Figure 2. The wave Characteristics of both longitudinal and transverse wave.

What is Interference?
Wave interference is the phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet while traveling along
the same medium. The interference of waves causes the medium to take on a shape that results
from the net effect of the two individual waves upon the particles of the medium. To begin our
exploration of wave interference, consider two pulses of the same amplitude traveling in
different directions along the same medium. Let's suppose that each displaced upward 1 unit at
its crest and has the shape of a sine wave. As the sine pulses move towards each other, there
will eventually be a moment in time when they are completely overlapped. At that moment, the
resulting shape of the medium would be an upward displaced sine pulse with an amplitude of 2
units. The diagrams below depict the before and during interference snapshots of the medium
for two such pulses. The individual sine pulses are drawn in red and blue and the resulting
displacement of the medium is drawn in green.

Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves

Figure 3. The wave interference

4
Constructive Interference
Constructive interference is a type of interference that occurs at any location along the
medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the same direction. In this
case, both waves have an upward displacement; consequently, the medium has an upward
displacement that is greater than the displacement of the two interfering pulses. Constructive
interference is observed at any location where the two interfering waves are displaced upward.
But it is also observed when both interfering waves are displaced downward. This is shown in
the figure below for two downward displaced pulses.

Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves
Figure 4. The Constructive Interference
In this case (in Figure 4), a sine pulse with a maximum displacement of -1 unit (negative
means a downward displacement) interferes with a sine pulse with a maximum
displacement of -1 unit. These two pulses are drawn in red and blue. The resulting shape of
the medium is a sine pulse with a maximum displacement of -2 units.

Destructive Interference
Destructive interference is a type of interference that occurs at any location along the
medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the opposite direction. For
instance, when a sine pulse with a maximum displacement of +1 unit meets a sine pulse with a
maximum displacement of -1 unit, destructive interference occurs. This is depicted in the figure
below.

Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves
Figure 5. The Destructive Interference
The two interfering waves do not need to have equal amplitudes in opposite directions
for destructive interference to occur. For example, a pulse with a maximum displacement of
+1 unit could meet a pulse with a maximum displacement of -2 units. The resulting
displacement of the medium during complete overlap is -1 unit.

Note: every grid is

equivalent to 1
unit; negative (-) 1 unit
downward; positive -1 unit
(+) upward
displacement
Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves
Figure 6. The Destructive interference with -1 unit displacement

The Principle of Superposition

The task of determining the shape of the resultant demands that the principle of
superposition is applied. The principle of superposition is sometimes stated as
follows:
When two waves interfere, the resulting displacement of the medium at
any location is the algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual
waves at that same location.
5
 In the cases above, the summing the individual displacements for locations of
complete overlap was made out to be an easy task - as easy as simple arithmetic:
Displacement of Pulse 1 Displacement of Pulse 2 = Resulting Displacement
+1 +1 = +2
-1 -1 = -2
+1 -1 = 0
+1 -2 = -1
In actuality, the task of determining the complete shape of the entire medium during
interference demands that the principle of superposition be applied for every point (or nearly
every point) along the medium. As an example of the
complexity of this task, consider the two interfering
waves at Figure 7. A snapshot of the shape of each Figure 7
individual wave at a particular instant in time is shown.
To determine the precise shape of the medium at this
given instant in time, the principle of superposition
must be applied to several locations along the medium.
A short cut involves measuring the displacement from
equilibrium at a few strategic locations. Thus,
approximately 20 locations have been picked and
labeled as A, B, C, D, etc. The actual displacement of
each individual wave can be counted by measuring from
the equilibrium position up to the particular wave. At
position A, there is no displacement for either individual
wave; thus, the resulting displacement of the medium at
position will be 0 units. At position B, the smaller wave has a
Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.com/cl
displacement of approximately 1.4 units (indicated by the red dot); the larger wave has a
ass/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves
displacement of approximately 2 units (indicated by the blue dot). Thus, the resulting
displacement of the medium will be approximately 3.4 units. At position C, the smaller wave
has a displacement of approximately 2 units; the larger wave has a displacement of
approximately 4 units; thus, the resulting displacement of the medium will be approximately
6 units.

The process can be repeated for every position.

When finished, a dot (done in green below) can be
marked on the graph to note the displacement of the
medium at each given location. The actual shape of Figure 8
the medium can then be sketched by estimating the
position between the various marked points and
sketching the wave. This is shown as the green line
in Figure 8.

A qualitative description of a standing wave Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.co

A wave must interfere with another wave of equal amplitude but opposite in direction of
m/class/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-
Waves
propagation. Cite the simplest example of how this condition is satisfied: a string fixed at
one end and wiggled at the other end. Incident waves will travel toward the fixed end. These
waves will reflect from the fixed end. The interference of the incident and the reflected waves
form a standing wave.
The wave function corresponding to the incident and reflected waves:
y1 (x,t) = A cos(kx + ωt)
y2 (x,t) = -A cos(kx - ωt)
The negative sign comes from the fact that waves invert when they reflect from a fixed end.
Write down the wave function of the resulting interference by principle of superposition. You
will need to use a trigonometric identity.
y(x,t) = y1(x,t) + y2(x,t)
y(x,t) = A cos(kx + ωt) - A cos(kx - ωt)
y(x,t) = 2A sin ωt sin kx

6
 Standing wave

A standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that remains in a constant
position. This phenomenon can occur because the medium is moving in the opposite direction
to the wave, or it can arise in a stationary medium as a result of interference between two
waves traveling in opposite directions. The sum of two counter-propagating waves (of equal
amplitude and frequency) creates a standing wave. Standing waves commonly arise when a
boundary blocks further propagation of the wave, thus causing wave reflection, and therefore
introducing a counter-propagating wave.
Standing wave patterns are always characterized by an alternating pattern of nodes
and antinodes. There are a variety of patterns which could be produced by vibrations within
a string, slinky, or rope. Each pattern corresponds to vibrations which occur at a particular
frequency and is known as a harmonic.
What is standing wave equation?
The standing wave for the n-th harmonic is thus described by.
D(x,t)=2Asin(nπLx)cos(ωt) A point at position x will behave like a simple harmonic oscillator
and oscillate with an amplitude given by: A(x)=2Asin(nπLx)
In the other hand, the energy transmitting along a standing wave is zero if we treat
the standing wave as two traveling waves at opposite directions! Then it applies that the
velocity of standing wave is zero.
Figure 9. The nodes of the string depend on frequency.

Nodes points at which the string never moves while antinodes points at which the
amplitude of string motion is greatest.
Figure 10. Wave Characteristics

The high points on a wave are called crest, while the low points are troughs. The
distance from crest to crest or trough to trough is the wavelength (λ) expressed in meters.
The amplitude (A) is the distance of the crest or trough from the midpoint of the wave. The
frequency (f) refers the number of crest or waves that pass a fixed point per second measure
in hertz (Hz). The period (T) is the time in seconds it takes a wave to travel a distance equal
to a wavelength. It is the reciprocal of frequency.

7
 Mathematically,

Period T = 1/f = 2π/ω or Frequency f = 1/T

Angular Frequency ω = 2πf

The wave velocity (v) is equal to the distance traveled by a wave crest in one period.
Mathematically,
v = λ/T = λf

The velocity of the wave depends also on the properties of the transmitting
materials. For example, the velocity of a transverse wave in a piece of string depends on the
tension FT in the string and on the mass(m) per unit length, or m/l. The transverse
wave is

V=

Propagation through strings

The speed of a wave traveling along a vibrating string (v) is directly proportional to
the square root of the tension (T) over the linear density (µ):

Vibration

Vibration is a repeated back and forth motion or oscillation of an object. Any

elastic solid can made to vibrate. The periodic vibration of the mass is called simple
harmonic motion (SHM). SHM is a type of vibration along a path in which the
displacement of the object from its equilibrium position is always equal above and below its
equilibrium position. The maximum displacement is called amplitude. When the load is
released, it vibrates back and forth. If the surface is frictionless, then the magnitudes of the
maximum displacement to the right and to the left of the equilibrium position are equal. A
simple pendulum oscillates back and forth. If the pendulum bob moves from point A to
point B then back to A, it has made one complete vibration. The time it takes the pendulum
bob to complete one vibration is called the period T, and the number of complete vibrations
in a second is the frequency f.

DOPPLER EFFECT FOR SOUND

You’ve probably noticed that when a car approaches you with its horn sounding, the pitch
seems to drop as the car passes. This is also what happened with the ambulance and the man
in Activity 2. This is because the sound waves in front of the ambulance are compressed as it
comes towards the man and stretched out behind the ambulance as it moves away from the
man. This phenomenon, first described by the 19th-century Austrian scientist Christian
Doppler, is called the Doppler effect. When a source of sound and a listener are in motion
relative to each other, the frequency of the sound heard by the listener is not the same as the
source frequency. A similar effect occurs for light and radio waves.

8
 Source:https://www.scribd.com/doc/305918377/Doppler-Effect-Worksheet
Figure 11. The Doppler Effect

It is shown in Figure 11 that a shorter wavelength results in a higher frequency and higher
pitch, and a longer wavelength results in a lower frequency and lower pitch. This apparent
change in frequency is referred to as Doppler effect.

To analyze further the Doppler effect for sound, we’ll work out a relationship between the
frequency shift and the velocities of source and listener relative to the medium (usually air)
through which the sound waves propagate. To keep things simple, we consider only the special
case in which the velocities of both source and listener lie along the line joining them. Let and
be the velocity components along this line for the source and the listener, respectively, relative
to the medium. We choose the positive direction for both and to be the direction from the
listener L to the source S. The speed of sound relative to the medium, is always considered
positive.

Speed of sound in air

The speed of sound in a fluid depends on the bulk modulus and density of the fluid. In
room temperature, the speed of sound is

Derivation of the Doppler effect for a moving source

Roll balls at regular intervals while you are stationary, like how wave fronts are “thrown”
periodically in a travelling wave. Tell the class to think of the stream of balls as a wave
wherein you are the source, and each ball as a wave front of the wave. Establish the fact that
the distance between two balls represents the wavelength of the wave.
Now roll balls at regular intervals, this time while you are moving forward. Ask the class
if they noticed a change in the wavelength. They should notice a decrease in wavelength.
Again, roll balls at regular intervals, this time while you are moving backward. Ask the class if
they noticed a change in the wavelength. They should notice
an increase in wavelength. Argue that this change in wavelength, from the expression v = λf ,
leads to a change in frequency, i.e. Doppler effect.

Define variables to be used in the succeeding derivations:

• Let v be the wave speed in air.
• Let vs be the speed of the source.
• Let primed variables (e.g. λ’, f’ ) be quantities perceived by the listener.

From the previous demonstration, argue that the wavelength perceived by the listener is
different from the wavelength of the source by an amount vsT (speed of the source times the
period): λ’ = λ ± vsT where where the plus sign is for when the source moves away from the
listener and the minus sign is for when the source moves towards the listener.

By using the expression v = λf in the previous equation, derive the equation:

Do a simple check on how the value of changes when the source is moving toward and away
from the listener. Reinforce the results with the observations from the demonstration and/or
the ambulance scenario.

Give this simple example: A guitarist plucks a C-note (523 Hz) while moving at a speed of 20.0
9
 m/s towards a fan girl. What frequency does the fan girl hear?

Ans.

From the previous demonstration, argue that the perceived wave speed of the listener is equal
to the relative speed of the wave with respect to the listener: v’ = v ± vL where the plus sign is
for when the listener is moving toward the source and the minus sign is when the listener is
moving away from the source. Argue that since the wavelength is unchanged, using v = λf, the
perceived wave speed corresponds to the perceived frequency

Using v = λf once more, derive the equation

Do a simple check on how the value of f’ changes when the source is moving toward and away
from the listener. Reinforce the results with the observations from the demonstration and/or
the water waves analogy.
Give this simple example: A guitarist plucks a C-note (523 Hz) while a fan girl moves at a speed
of 20.0 m/s towards him. What frequency does the fan girl hear?
Ans:

Moving Listener and Stationary

The source emits a sound wave with frequency and wavelength. The wave crests approaching
the moving listener have a speed of propagation relative to the listener of the frequency with
which the crests arrive at the listener’s position (that is, the frequency the listener hears) is,

fL = = or fL = ( ) fs = ( 1+ )fs
 Velocity of listener (L) = vL
 Velocity of sound (s) = 0 (at rest)
 Speed of sound wave = v
 Positive direction from listener to source

What’s More!
Score: ______/12
Activity 4. Problem solving
Directions: Solve neatly and clearly what are asked below on the space provided for.
(2 points each)

1. A truck and an ambulance move at the same rate of 13 m/s toward each other but on
different lanes. If the ambulance siren emits sound of frequency 1200 Hz, what is the
frequency of the sound that the truck driver hears?

2. A police car’s siren emits a sinusoidal wave with frequency f s = 300 Hz. The speed of sound is
10
340 m/s and the air is still.

a. Find the wavelength of the waves if the siren is at rest.

b. Find the wavelengths of the waves in front of and behind the siren if it is moving at 30
m/s.

c. If a listener L is at rest and the siren is moving away from L at 30m/s, what frequency
does the listener hear?

d. If the siren is at rest and the listener is moving away from it at 30 m/s, what frequency
does the listener hear?

e. The siren is moving away from the listener with a speed 45 m/s of relative to the air, and
the listener is moving toward the siren with a speed 15 m/s of relative to the air. What
frequency does the listener hear?

What I Have Learned

Score: ______/ 12
Activity 5. Constructive or Destructive?
Directions: Study each situation below. Then complete the table with the positions for
constructive or destructive interference. Three positions (J, O and E) are already filled in.
(1 point each)

1. Several positions along the medium are labeled with a letter in Figure12 below. Categorize
each labeled position along the medium as being a position where either constructive or
destructive interference occurs.
Figure 12

J O

11
 Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.com/cl
ass/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves

2. Twin water bugs Jimminy and Johnny are both creating a series of circular waves by
jiggling their legs in the water. The waves undergo interference and create the pattern
represented in Figure 13 below. The thick lines in the figure represent wave crests and the
thin lines represent wave troughs. Several of positions in the water are labeled with a
letter. Categorize each labeled position as being a position where either constructive or
destructive interference occurs.
Figure 13

Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.com/cl
ass/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves

What I Can Do

Activity 6. Insights on Doppler Effect Score: _____/20

Directions: In a separate sheet of paper, make an essay on how Doppler effect has helped
some professionals like doctors, astronomers, etc. in their fields or works. Refer to the rubric
in Table 1 for your guide in making an essay. (20 points)

Areas of 4 3 2 1
Assessment
Ideas Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in an Ideas are too general Ideas are vague or
original manner consistent manner unclear
Organization Strong and organized Organized Some organization; No organization;
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end
Understanding Writing shows strong Writing shows clear Writing shows Writing shows little
understanding understanding adequate understanding
understanding
Word Choice Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make make essay and verbs nouns and verbs
essay very informative informative
Sentence Sentence structure Sentence structure is Sentence structure is No sense of
Structure enhances meaning; flows evident; sentences limited; sentences sentence structure
throughout piece mostly flow need to flow or flow
Table 1. The rubric

12
 Assessment
Score: ______/10
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following statements is true about transverse waves?
A. They always have the same frequencies
B. They always have the same velocities
C. They always have the same wavelengths
D. They always travel through a dense medium
E. The particles vibrate in perpendicular direction with respect to the wave motion
2. Which of the following statements is true about longitudinal waves?
A. They always have the same frequencies
B. They always have the same velocities
C. They always have the same wavelengths
D. They always travel through a dense medium
E. The particles vibrate along the same direction as the wave motion
3. A wave travels on a string of length L, linear density µ, and tension T. Which of the following is true?
A. The wave speed is inversely proportional to the tension T
B. The wave speed is directly proportional the linear density µ
C. The wave speed increases with increasing tension T
D. The wave speed increases with increasing linear density
E. The wave speed only depends on the length of the string
4. Two wave pulses with equal positive amplitudes travel on a cord approaching each other. What is the
result of the oscillations when the pulses reach the same point?
A. It is constructive interference with twice the amplitude
B. It is destructive interference with zero amplitude
C. It is constructive interference with slightly greater amplitude
D. It is constructive interference with the negative amplitude
E. The standing wave is produced

5. The Doppler effect is concerned with changes in wave _____

A. frequency B. speed C. wavelength D. period

6. In doppler effect, how is frequency related to wavelength?

A. the longer the wavelength, the higher the frequency
B. the shorter the wavelength, the lower the frequency
C. the longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency
D. the wavelength and frequency are directly proportional to each other

A “snapshot” of a wave at a given time is presented by the graph to the right. Use this graph for
questions 7 and 8.
7. What is the amplitude of oscillations?
A. 1 cm B. 2 cm C. 4 cm
D. 6 cm E. 8 cm

8. What is the wavelength of the wave?

A. 1 cm B. 2 cm C. 4 cm
D. 6 cm E. 8 cm

13
9. A stretched string of length L = 2 m resonates in two loops. What is the wavelength of the wave?
A. 1 m B. 2 m C. 3 m
D. 4 m E. 6 m

10. A stretched string of length L = 6 m

resonates in three loops. What is the
wavelength of the wave?
A. 1 m B. 2 m C. 3 m
D. 4 m E. 6 m

Additional Activity
Activity 7. Use PHET Interactive Simulation Score: ______/20

Directions: Investigate how density, specific gravity, mass and volume relate to each
other through PhET Simulation. Write the concepts that you have learned in a separate
sheet of paper. (20 points)

You can visit the link https://phet.colorado.edu/

14
 References
Images:
Figure 1. Ambulance passing the man
https://radiologykey.com/physical-principles-of-doppler-ultrasound/
Figure 2. Wave characteristics of longitude and transverse waves
https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-difference-between-a-longitudinal-wave-and-
a-transverse-wave
Figure 11. The Doppler Effect
https://www.scribd.com/doc/305918377/Doppler-Effect-Worksheet
Figures 1 to 13 (except 9,10 &11)
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves
Websites:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-3/Interference-of-Waves
Encyclopedia Britannica. 2020. Philosophy Of Physics - The Mechanical Problem. [online]
Available at: <https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy-of- physics/The-
mechanical -problem> [Accessed 15 July 2020].
Books:
University Physics, 13 Edition (Young and Freedman, 2012.PDF)
Mindanao State University- Main Campus Physics Handbook (2014)
You and the Natural World Physics, third edition.

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Laarni A. Adonis Otros te dan sus vidas sin dudas, sin pesar; Por cuantos padecieron tormentos sin igual,
El sitio nada importa, ciprés, laurel o lirio, Por nuestras pobres madres que gimen su
Kathleen Joy B. Padilla Cadalso o campo abierto, combate o cruel amargura;
Joly C. Baradero martirio, Por huérfanos y viudas, por presos en tortura
Lo mismo es si lo piden la patria y el hogar. Y ora por ti que veas tu redención final.

Yo muero cuando veo que el cielo se colora Y cuando en noche oscura se envuelva el
Reviewer: Sandy R. Albarico Y al fin anuncia el día tras lóbrego capuz; cementerio
si grana necesitas para teñir tu aurora, Y solos sólo muertos queden velando allí,
Illustrator: Vierte la sangre mía, derrámala en buen hora No turbes su reposo, no turbes el misterio,
Layout Artist: Y dórela un reflejo de su naciente luz. Tal vez acordes oigas de cítara o salterio,
Soy yo, querida Patria, yo que te canto a ti.
Management Team: Mis sueños cuando apenas muchacho
adolescente, Y cuando ya mi tumba de todos olvidada
Majarani M. Jacinto, Ed.D., CESO VI Mis sueños cuando joven ya lleno de vigor, No tenga cruz ni piedra que marquen su lugar,
Fueron el verte un día, joya del mar de oriente, Deja que la are el hombre, la esparza con la azada,
SDS-ZDS Secos los negros ojos, alta la tersa frente, Y mis cenizas, antes que vuelvan a la nada,
Sin ceño, sin arrugas, sin manchas de rubor El polvo de tu alfombra que vayan a formar.
Visminda Q. Valde, Ed.D. Ensueño de mi vida, mi ardiente vivo anhelo, Entonces nada importa me pongas en olvido.
ASDS ¡Salud te grita el alma que pronto va a partir! Tu atmósfera, tu espacio, tus valles cruzaré.
¡Salud! Ah, que es hermoso caer por darte vuelo, Vibrante y limpia nota seré para tu oído,
Morir por darte vida, morir bajo tu cielo, Aroma, luz, colores, rumor, canto, gemido,
Raymond M. Salvador, Ed.D. Y en tu encantada tierra la eternidad dormir. Constante repitiendo la esencia de mi fe.
ASDS
Si sobre mi sepulcro vieres brotar un día Mi patria idolatrada, dolor de mis dolores,
Entre la espesa yerba sencilla, humilde flor, Querida Filipinas, oye el postrer adiós.
Juliet A. Magallanes, Ed.D. Acércala a tus labios y besa al alma mía, Ahí te dejo todo, mis padres, mis amores.
CID Chief Y sienta yo en mi frente bajo la tumba fría, Voy donde no hay esclavos, verdugos ni opresores,
De tu ternura el soplo, de tu hálito el calor. Donde la fe no mata, donde el que reina es Dios.

Florencio R. Caballero, DTE Deja a la luna verme con luz tranquila y suave, Adiós, padres y hermanos, trozos del alma mía,
Deja que el alba envíe su resplandor fugaz, Amigos de la infancia en el perdido hogar,
EPS - LRMDS Deja gemir al viento con su murmullo grave, Dad gracias que descanso del fatigoso día;
Y si desciende y posa sobre mi cruz un ave, Adiós, dulce extranjera, mi amiga, mi alegría,
Sandy R. Albarico Deja que el ave entone su cántico de paz. Adiós, queridos seres, morir es descansar.
EPS - Science Dr. Jose Rizal

15
 Answer Key

Activity 3 Assessment Activity 4

1. T 1. E 1. 1300 Hz
2. F 2. E 2. A. λ = = = 1.13 m
3. F 3. C
4. T 4. B B. λ in front
5. T 5. A λ= = = 1.03 m
6. T 6. C
7. T 7. C λ behind
8. T 8. E λ= = = 1.23 m
9. T 9. B
10. T 10. D C. fL =( )fs = ( )300Hz= 276Hz

D. fL= ( )fs =( )300Hz =274Hz

Activity 1. Activity 2.
1. c 1.point A
2. b 2.point B E. fL= ( fs =( =277 Hz
3. a 3.Doppler Effect
4. e 4.the man
5. d 5.points A and B
Activity 5. (in any order)

1. Constructive (J, G,M,N)

Destructive (O,H,I,K,L)

2. Constructive (A, B)
Destructive (E,C,D,F)

16