Scribd
Upload
260 views20 pages

Class-4 - Different Types of Loads Good-3-22

The document discusses different types of loads in electric drive systems, including active loads, passive loads, constant torque loads, constant power loads, and loads that produce frictional torques. Constant torque loads produce a torque that is independent of speed, such as conveyors or hoists. Constant power loads maintain a constant power output at all speeds, like certain lathes or milling machines. Passive loads always absorb power and include frictional torques from sources like viscosity, coulomb friction, stiction, and windage. The total torque on the motor shaft consists of torque to overcome friction and windage, torque for acceleration/deceleration, and load torque.

Uploaded by

manthan Naik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
260 views20 pages

Class-4 - Different Types of Loads Good-3-22

The document discusses different types of loads in electric drive systems, including active loads, passive loads, constant torque loads, constant power loads, and loads that produce frictional torques. Constant torque loads produce a torque that is independent of speed, such as conveyors or hoists. Constant power loads maintain a constant power output at all speeds, like certain lathes or milling machines. Passive loads always absorb power and include frictional torques from sources like viscosity, coulomb friction, stiction, and windage. The total torque on the motor shaft consists of torque to overcome friction and windage, torque for acceleration/deceleration, and load torque.

Uploaded by

manthan Naik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Types 

of load
Loads v F

Active load Passive load
ωm
• Load may absorb/release  • Load is always absorbing 
the power power
• Load torque retains the sign  • Load torque always opposes 
though speed changes its  Counter  the rotational motion
direction weight
• Load torque changes its sign 
• Load has the ability to drive  when direction of motion 
the machine under  changes
Cage
equilibrium condition
mg Examples: Frictional torque, 
Examples: Gravitational force windage toque, cutting, etc.
Mg
31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 3
Different Types of passive Loads
Loads

Constant torque  Constant power  Load 


load load 
∀

Fan type load Generator type  Other loads


(Load ∝ load (Load ∝
(Load ∝

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 4
Constant Torque Loads
• ∀
• Load is 
unidirectional

High speed 
hoist
• Single quadrant load

Examples:
• Conveyors are handling constant weight of material per unit time.
• Winch drive system requires constant torque at standstill.
• Hoist at low speed where windage torque is neglected.
• A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure on a gas by 
reducing its volume.

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 5
Constant Torque Loads ‐ Examples

• ∀
• Load is 
unidirectional

Fig. Conveyor 

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 6
Constant Torque Loads ‐ Examples

• ∀
• Load is 
unidirectional

Two quadrant load Fig. Hoist 

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 7
Constant Torque Loads ‐ Examples

• ∀
• Load is 
unidirectional

Fig. Gas compressor 

Two quadrant load

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 8
Constant Power Loads
• P is constant 
for all  , i. e.
∀

Examples:
• Certain types of lathes
• Boring machine
• Milling machines
• Steel mill coiler
• Electric traction load

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 9
Constant Power Loads
• P is constant 
for all  , i. e.
∀

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 10
Constant Power Loads

Speed‐torque profile of traction load

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 11
Generator type Loads

Speed‐torque profile of Generator 
type load

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 12
Frictional Torques
Friction

Static Friction/ 
Viscous friction (Tv) Coulomb friction (Tc)
Stiction (Ts)

Tf = Tv + Tc + Ts

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 13
Viscous Friction

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 14
Coulomb Friction

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 15
Stiction

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 16
Total Frictional Torque

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 17
Windage Torque

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 18
Torque due to Friction and Windage
Tfw=Tv+Tc+Ts+Cωm2

At some definite speed, Tc+Ts+Cωm2 can be neglected. So, torque becomes:

Tfw=Bωm

Otherwise Tc+Ts+Cωm2   may be incorporated in B. 

Total torque in motor shaft is:
Tl=TL+B ωm

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 19
Torques at the Motor Shaft
Torque at the motor shaft (TL) consists of the following components.
• Torque component to overcome the friction and windage
• Torque component for acceleration/decelaration.
• Torque required for the load.

Total torque in motor shaft is:
TL=B ωm + Ta + Tl

Total torque at  Torque due to 
shaft friction and  Torque due to 
windage acceleration/decele Load torque
ration

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 20
Electro‐mechanical Equation

TL
L

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 21
Thank You

31‐05‐2016 Electric Drives System 22

You might also like