1) Which of the following is not a type of constructor?

A. Copy constructor
B. Friend constructor
C. Default constructor
D. Parameterized constructor
Answer: B

2) Which of the following is not the member of class?

A. Static function
B. Friend function
C. Const function
D. Virtual function
Answer: B

3) Which of the following concepts means determinin

g at runtime what method to invoke?
A. Data hiding
B. Dynamic Typing
C. Dynamic binding
D. Dynamic loading
Answer: C
4) The friend functions are used in situations wher
e:
A. We want to have access to unrelated classes
B. Dynamic binding is required
C. Exchange of data between classes to take pl
ace
D. None of the above
Answer: D
5) The keyword friend does not appear in
A. The class allowing access to another class
B. The class desiring access to another class
C. The private section of a class
D. The public section of a class
Answer: C
6) The term __________ means the ability to take ma
ny forms.
A. Inheritance
B. Polymorphism
C. Member function
D. Encapsulation
Answer: B
7) C++ was originally developed by
A. Clocksin and Melish
B. Donald E.Knuth
C. Sir Richard Hadlee
D. Bjarne Stroustrup
Answer: D
8) A variable defined within a block is visible
A. From the point of definition onward in the
program
B. From the point of definition onward in the
function
C. From the point of definition onward in the
block
D. Throughout the function
Answer: C
9) Which of the following term is used for a functi
on defined inside a class?
A. Member Variable
B. Member function
C. Class function
D. Classic function
Answer: B
10) Which of the following concept of oops allows
compiler to insert arguments in a function call if
it is not specified?
A. Call by value
B. Call by reference
C. Default arguments
D. Call by pointer
Answer: C
11) How many instances of an abstract class can be
created?
A. 1
B. 5
C. 13
D. 0
Answer: D
12) Which of the following cannot be friend?
A. Function
B. Class
C. Object
D. Operator function
Answer: C
13) Which of the following concepts of OOPS means
exposing only necessary information to client?
A. Encapsulation
B. Abstraction
C. Data hiding
D. Data binding
Answer: C
14) In structured programming, the problem is divid
ed into various ______.
A. modules
B. functions
C. structures
D. objects
Answer: B
15) In Object-oriented programming, the problem is
divided into _____.
A. classes & objects
B. functions
C. structures
D. modules
Answer: A
16) A class is ____ datatype.
A. primitive
B. derived
C. user-defined
D. All of these
Answer: C
17) A class is a collection of ____ and_____.
(A)data-members & member functions
(B)data-members, member functions and main()
(C) data-members, member functions,main() and inclu
de statements
(D)None of these
Answer: A
18) An object is ......
(A)a variable of class datatype.
(B)same as a class.
(C)just like a global variable.
(D)collection of data-members and member functions.
Answer: A
19) Wrapping up of data & functions together in a c
lass is known as _____.
(A)Overloading
(B) Data Abstraction
(C)Polymorphism
(D)Encapsulation
Answer: D
20) Including only necessary details and ignoring
additional details while defining a class is known
as ____.
(A) Overloading
(B) Data Abstraction
(C) Polymorphism
(D) Encapsulation
Answer: B
21) Preventing direct access of data-members of th
e class from outside world is known as ____.
(A)Polymorphism
(B)Encapsulation
(C)Data Hiding
(D) scope resolution.
Answer: C
22) What are cin and cout?
(A) pointers
(B) functions
(C) operator
(D) stream objects
Answer: C
23) Which header file must be included for cin and
cout?
(A) stdio.h
(B) conio.h
(C) iostream.h
(D) Both iostream.h and conio.h
Answer: C
24) Creating a new class using one or more existing
classes is known as ____.
(A)Polymorphism
(B)Encapsulation
(C)overloading
(D)inheritance
Answer: D
25) Ability of an operator or function call to take
different forms is known as ____.
(A) Polymorphism
(B) Encapsulation
(C) overloading
(D)inheritance
Answer: A
26) cout is a/an __________ .
A. operator
B. function
C. object
D. macro
Answer: C
27) Which of the following concepts provides facil
ity of using object of one class inside another cl
ass?
A. Encapsulation
B. Abstraction
C. Composition
D. Inheritance
Answer: C
28) How many types of polymorphisms are supported b
y C++?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: B
29) Which of the following is an abstract data type
?
A. int
B. double
C. string
D. Class
Answer: D
30) A __________ is a special method used to initia
lize the instance variable of a class.
A. Member function
B. Destructor
C. Constructor
D. Structure
Answer: C
31) Which of the following concepts means adding ne
w components to a program as it runs?
A. Data hiding
B. Dynamic typing
C. Dynamic binding
D. Dynamic loading
Answer: D
32) Which of the following statement is correct?
A. A constructor is called at the time of declarat
ion of an object.
B. A constructor is called at the time of use of a
n object.
C. A constructor is called at the time of declarat
ion of a class.
D. A constructor is called at the time of use of a
class.
Answer: A
33) Which of the following approach is adapted by C
++?
A. Top-down
B. Bottom-up
C. Right-left
D. Left-right
Answer: B
34) Which of the following is correct about class a
nd structure?
A. class can have member functions while structure
cannot.
B. class data members are public by default while
that of structure are private.
C. Pointer to structure or classes cannot be decla
red.
D. class data members are private by default whil
e that of structure are public by default.
Answer: D
35) Which of the following concepts means wrapping
up of data and functions together?
A. Abstraction
B. Encapsulation
C. Inheritance
D. Polymorphism
Answer: B
36) Which of the following concepts means waiting
until runtime to determine which function to call?
A. Data hiding
B. Dynamic casting
C. Dynamic binding
D. Dynamic loading
Answer: C
37) Which of the following operator is overloaded f
or object cout?
A. >>
B. <<
C. +
D. =
Answer: B
39) Which of the following is the correct class of
the object cout?
A. iostream
B. istream
C. ostream
D. ifstream
Answer: C
40) Which of the following cannot be used with the
keyword virtual?
A. class
B. member functions
C. constructor
D. destructor
Answer: C
41) Which of the following functions are performed
by a constructor?
A. Construct a new class
B. Construct a new object
C. Construct a new function
D. Initialize objects
Answer: D
42) Which of the following is the correct way of de
claring a function as constant?
A. const int ShowData(void) { /* statements */ }
B. int const ShowData(void) { /* statements */ }
C. int ShowData(void) const { /* statements */ }
D. Both A and B
Answer: C
43) Which of the following statement is correct?
A. C++ allows static type checking.
B. C++ allows dynamic type checking.
C. C++ allows static member function be of type co
nst.
D. Both A and B.
Answer: D
44) Which of the following header file includes def
inition of cin and cout?
A. istream.h
B. ostream.h
C. iomanip.h
D. iostream.h
Answer: D
45) What will happen if a class is not having any n
ame?
A. It cannot have a destructor.
B. It cannot have a constructor.
C. It is not allowed.
D. Both A and B.
Answer: D
46) Which one of the following is correct about the
statements given below?
All function calls are resolved at compile-time
in Procedure Oriented Programming.
All function calls are resolved at compile-time
in OOPS.
A. Only II is correct.
B. Both I and II are correct.
C. Only I is correct.
D. Both I and II are incorrect.
Answer: C
47) Which one of the following options is correct?
A. Friend function can access public data members
of the class.
B. Friend function can access protected data membe
rs of the class.
C. Friend function can access private data members
of the class.
D. All of the above.
Answer: D
48) Which of the following statements is correct in
C++?
A. Classes cannot have data as protected members.
B. Structures can have functions as members.
C. Class members are public by default.
D. Structure members are private by default.
Answer: B
49) Which of the following access specifier is used
as a default in a class definition?
A. protected
B. public
C. private
D. friend
Answer: C
50) What is correct about the static data member of
a class?
A. A static member function can access only static
data members of a class.
B. A static data member is shared among all the ob
ject of the class.
C. A static data member can be accessed directly f
rom main().
D. Both A and B.
Answer: D
51) Which of the following provides a reuse mechani
sm?
A. Abstraction
B. Inheritance
C. Dynamic binding
D. Encapsulation
Answer: B
53) Which of the following statement is correct?
A. Class is an instance of object.
B. Object is an instance of a class.
C. Class is an instance of data type.
D. Object is an instance of data type.
Answer: B
53) The process of building new classes from existi
ng one is called
A. Structure
B. Inheritance
C. Polymorphism
D. Template
Answer: B
54) In a class, member variables are often called
its _________, and its member functions are someti
mes referred to as its behaviour, or ____________.
A. attributes, methods
B. none of these
C. values, morals
D. data, activities
Answer: A
55) Which of these keywords are access specifiers?
A. near and far
B. opened and closed
C. table and row
D. private and public
Answer: D
56) An Object can be declared prior to the class de
finition
A. True
B. False:
Answer: False
57) Use of __________ protects data from inadverten
t modifications
A. protect() member function
B. private access specifier
C. class protection operator, @
D. none of these
Answer: B
58) A suitable place to store Class declarations is
_______.
A. none of these
B. their own header files
C. Auxiliary .cpp file
D. main .cpp files, along with function definiti
ons
Answer: B
59) Inline Functions are invoked at
A. Run time
B. Compile time
C. Depends on how it is invoked
D. Both b and c above
Answer: B
60) which of the following operator is used to defi
ne member function outside the class?
A. ::
B. ?
C. :?
D. %
Answer: A
61) function call mechanism that passes arguments
to a function by passing a copy of the values of t
he arguments is __________
(A)call by name
(B)call by value
(C)call by reference
(D)call by value result
Answer: B
62) Data members which are static
(A)cannot be assigned a value
(B)can only be used in static functions
(C)cannot be defined in a Union
(D) can be accessed outside the class
Answer: B
63) Which of the following is false for cin?
(A)It represents standard input.
(B)It is an object of istream class.
(C)It is a class of which stream is an object.
(D)Using cin the data can be read from user’s termi
nal
Answer: C
64) It is possible to declare as a friend
(A) a member function
(B) a global function
(C) a class
(D) all of the above
Answer: D
65) Given a class named Book, which of the followin
g is not a valid constructor?
(A)Book ( ) { }
(B)Book ( Book b) { }
(C)Book ( Book &b) { }
(D)Book (char* author, char* title) { }
Answer: B
66) How many constructors can a class have?
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) any number
Answer: D
66) The new operator
A) returns a pointer to the variable
B) creates a variable called new
C) obtains memory for a new variable
D) tells how much memory is available
Answer: C
67) A static function
A. should be called when an object is destroyed
B. is closely connected with and individual object
of a class
C. can be called using the class name and function
name
D. is used when a dummy object must be created
Answer: C
68) We can output text to an object of class ostrea
m using the insertion operator<< because
(A) the ostream class is a stream
(B) the insertion operator works with all classes
(C) we are actually outputting to cout
(D) the insertion operator is overloaded in ostream
Answer: D
69) Which of the following is not the characteristi
c of constructor ?
(A) They should be declared in the public section.
(B) They do not have return type.
(C) They can not be inherited.
(D) They can be virtual.
Answer: D
70) A class defined within another class is:
(A) Nested class
(B) Inheritance
(C) Containership
(D) Encapsulation
Answer: A
71) Which of the following statements are true in c
++?
(A) Classes can not have data as public members
(B) Structures can not have functions as members
(C) Class members are public by default
(D) None of these
Answer: B
72) The following can be declared as friend in a cl
ass
(A) an object
(B) a class
(C) a public data member
(D) a private data member
Answer: B
73) A copy constructor takes
(A) no argument
(B) one argument
(C) two arguments
(D) arbitrary no. of arguments
Answer: B
74) Which can be passed as an argument to a functio
n?
(A) constant
(B) expression
(C) another function
(D) all of the above.
Answer: A
75) Member functions, when defined within the class
specification:
(A) are always inline.
(B) are not inline.
(C) are inline by default, unless they are too big
or too complicated.
(D) are not inline by default.
Answer: A
76) An entity representing some characteristics and
behaviour isa)
object
b) class
c) struct
d) none of the above
Answer: A
77) Which of the following is not the feature of OO
Ps?
a) Data Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) None of the above
Answer: D
78) The wrapping up of data and functions into a si
ngle unit is
a) Data Abstraction
b) Data Encapsulation
c) Both (a) & (b)
d) None of the above
Answer: B
79) Which of the following feature supports reusabi
lity and extensibility of classes?
a) Inheritance
b) Overloading
c) Polymorphism
d) None of the above
Answer: A
80) Inheritance is ………..in nature.
a) Intransitive
b) Transitive
c) Both (a) & (b)
d) None of the above
Answer: B
81) ………… is the ability for a message or data to be
processed in more than one form
a) Class
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) None of the above
Answer: C
82) The smallest individual unit in a program is ……
…
a) Keyword
b) Identifier
c) Token
d) None of the above
Answer: C
83) Which of the following features of procedure or
iented programming is false
a) Large programs are divided into small or units c
alled functions.
b) Employs bottom-up approach in program design.
c) Most of the functions share global data.
d) None of the above.
Answer: B
84) Which of the following features of object orien
ted programming is false?
a) Data is hidden and is not available to external
functions.
b) New data & functions can be added easily.
c) Objects may communicate with each other through
functions.
d) Emphasis is on the procedure rather than data.
Answer: D
85) The following is the C++ style comment
a) //
b) /*..*/
c) –
d) None of the above
Answer: A
86) Which of the following statements is false?
a) Every C++ program must have a main().
b) In C++, white spaces and carriage returns are ig
nored by the compiler.
c) C++ statements terminate with semicolon.
d) Main() terminates with semicolon.
Answer: D
87) An identifier in C++
a) Must begin with a letter only
b) Is not differentiated by cases
c) Contains all characters as significant
d) None of the above
Answer: C
88) ………. Provides a value for a variable
a) declaration statement
b) assignment statement
c) definition statement
d) None of the above
Answer: B
89) A collection of variables referred under one na
me
a) Structure
b) Class
c) Union
d) None of the above
Answer: A
90) A memory location shared by two or more differe
nt variables
a) Structure
b) Class
c) Union
d) None of the above
Answer: C
91) The constants defined using enum keyword are
a) Symbols
b) Enumerators
c) Keywords
d) None of the above
Answer: B
92) The operator ?: is
a) Logical operator
b) Relational operator
c) Conditional operator
d) Arithmetic operator
Answer: C
93) A loop containing other loop is
a) Nested
b) Inner
c) Outer
d) None of the above
Answer: A
94) The following statement forces the next iterati
on of the loop to take place
a) break
b) continue
c) goto
d) None of the above
Answer: B
95) gets() function is available in
a) stdio.h
b) string.h
c) ctype.h
d) stdlib.h
Answer: A
96) In C++, the statements are enclosed within
a) parenthesis
b) square brackets
c) curly brackets
d) None of the above
Answer: C
97) The following tells the compiler where the prog
ram begins
a) Function prototype
b) Forward declaration of class
c) main()
d) None of the above
Answer: C
98) << operator is
a) stream insertion operator
b) stream extraction operator
c) left shift operator
d) None of the above
Answer: A
99) “H” is an example of
a) character literal
b) string literal
c) variable
d) None of the above
Answer: B
100) Which of the following statements regarding co
mments is false?
a) /*..*/
b) Comment beginning with // extends to the end of
the line
c) Comments may be nested
d) Comments are used to describe a program
Answer: C
101) C++ is
a) Procedural programming language
b) Structural programming language
c) Object oriented programming language
d) None of the above
Answer: C
102) y=x=2; in C++ will result in
a) compilation error
b) runtime error
c) assignment of value to x then to y
d) None of the above
Answer: C
103) 31. In C++, ………. is the statement terminator
a) semicolon
b) colon
c) new line
d) None of the above
Answer: A
104) Modules operator (%) has higher precedence tha
n
a) Divide (/) operator
b) Multiply (*) operator
c) Negation (unary minus)
d) Bitwise left shift operator
Answer: C
105) The result of the following statement is
int y = 7;
int ans = ++y;
cout<<”ans=”<<ans;
cout<<”y”<<y;
a) ans=7, y=7
b) ans=8,y=7
c) ans=8,y=8;
d) none of the above
Answer: C
106) Consider the following if construct
If(x=0)
cout<<”Inside loop!”;
cout<<”Outside loop”;
The result of the above code segment is.
a) inside loop
b) outside loop
c) both (a) & (b)
d) none of the above
Answer: B
107) The result of 2 & 3 is
a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) none of the above
Answer: A
108) Which of the following statements regarding en
umerators is false?
a) Enumeration is an alternative method for naming
integer constants/
b) An enumerator value can’t be changed in a progra
m
c) An integer value may be assigned to an enumerate
d variable
d) An enum defined within a structure is local to t
he structure
Answer: C
109) Which of the following statements is false?
a) typedef defines new data types
b) Using typedef does not replace the standard C++
data type name with the new name
c) The new name defined by typedef, can be used as
a type for another typedef
d) None of the above
Answer: A
110) Data members and member functions are enclosed
within
a) class
b) structure
c) union
d) None of the above
Answer: A
111) Inline functions are
a) Declared in the class defined outside the class
b) Defined outside the class using keyword intime
c) Defined inside the class using keyword inline
d) None of the above
Answer: B
112) The default class access scope is
a) Private
b) Public
c) Protected
d) None of the above
Answer: A
113) The default scope for a structure is
a) Private
b) Public
c) Protected
d) None of the above
Answer: B
114) The private data members of a class are access
ible
a) Directly to objects of that class
b) Only to the member functions
c) To any function defined outside a class
d) None of the above
Answer: B
115) The objects can directly access
a) Public members
b) Private members
c) Both (a) & (b)
d) None of the above
Answer: A
116) The following is a valid statement in C++
a) int x=(int)2.50;
b) int x=int(2.50);
c) Both (a) & (b)
d) None of the above
Answer: C
117) Which of the following operator can be overloa
ded
a) Member access operator ( . & .*)
b) Conditional operator (?:)
c) Scope resolution operator (::)
d) None of the above
Answer: D
118) Using same function name to perform different
tasks is
a) Function polymorphism
b) Runtime polymorphism
c) Function prototype
d) None of the above
Answer: A
119) Default argument is
a) Specified in function definition
b) Specified in function declaration
c) Specified from left to right
d) None of the above
Answer: B
120) What is wrong with the following statement?
float s_interest (float principal, int rate=0.25, i
nt time);
a) variables must not be specified in function prot
otype
b) arguments may only be defaulted from right to le
ft
c) the default value must be specified when making
a function call
d) none of the above
Answer: B
121) Which of the following statements regarding fu
nction overloading is not true.
a) If is used to handle different data types at one
place
b) When making a function call, if no exact match
is found, promotion is the only criteria to find a
match.
c) The default arguments can not be used instead of
overloading
d) Unrelated functions should not be overloaded
Answer: C
122) The private members of a class implement the O
OP concept of
a) Data abstraction
b) Data hiding
c) Message passing
d) None of the above
Answer: B
123) When a member function of a class call another
member function, it is
a) Nesting of classes
b) Nesting of functions
c) Nesting of objects
d) None of the above
Answer: B
124) A function defined inside a class is called
a) A class function
b) A friend function
c) A member function
d) None of the above
Answer: C
125) Information is made shareable through
a) inheritance
b) data encapsulation
c) data abstraction
d) none of the above
Answer: A
126) Functions can returns
a) arrays
b) reference
c) object
d) all of the above
Answer: D
127) The memory for date members is allocated
a) When a class is defined
b) When an object is initialized
c) When an object is created
d) None of the above
Answer: B
128)The memory for member functions is allocated
a) When a class is defined
b) When a object is created
c) When an object is initialized
d) None of the above
Answer: A
129) The dot operator relates
a) A class member and a class object
b) A class object and a class
c) A class and a member of that class
d) A class object and member of that class
Answer: D
130) A class having another class definition is
a) Nested class
b) Subordinate class
c) Enclosing class
d) None of the above
Answer: C
131) A class whose member functions are friends of
other class is
a) Friend class
b) Abstract class
c) Virtual class
d) None of the above
Answer: A
132) The data members of a class are initialized
a) in class definition
b) by a non-member function
c) through constructor function when a class object
is created
d) none of the above
Answer: C
133) A constructor function is
a) A friend function to a class
b) A member function with the same name as its clas
s
c) A non-member function
d) None of the above
Answer: B
134) An enumerated type is composed of
a) Integer values with user defined name
b) Variables of different data types
c) Constant numeric values
d) None of the above
Answer: A
135) In C++, the arguments by default are passed by
a) call be reference
b) call be value
c) both (a) & (b)
d) none of the above
Answer: B
136) is an example of
a) unary operator
b) binary operator
c) ternary operator
d) none of the above
Answer: C
137) new operator is used
a) to define a new variable
b) to create a new data type
c) to allocate memory dynamically
d) none of the above
Answer: C
138) A constructor function is generally defined
a) In the public section of a class
b) In the private section of a class
c) In the protected section of a class
d) None of the above
Answer: A
139) A class having no public constructors is
a) A private class
b) A public class
c) An abstract class
d) None of the above
Answer: A
140) If a constructor function is defined in privat
e section of a class, then
a) The object cannot be created
b) Only member functions and friends may declare ob
jects of the class
c) Both (a) & (b)
d) None of the above
Answer: C
141) A constructor with no argument is
a) Default constructor
b) Parameterized constructor
c) Copy constructor
d) None of the above
Answer: A
142) If default arguments are provided to a constru
ctor function, then it becomes
a) Default constructor
b) Copy instructor
c) Parameterized constructor
d) None of the above
Answer: A
143) The class of which the objects are not instant
iated is
a) Abstract class
b) Virtual class
c) Static class
d) None of the above
Answer: A
144) && denotes
a) logical OR
b) logical AND
c) Bitwise AND
d) None of the above
Answer: B
145) The parameterized constructor
a) Needs initial values as arguments during creatio
n of an object
b) Can be invoked explicitly only
c) Can be invoked implicitly only
d) None of the above
Answer: A
146) Explicit call to a constructor means
a) Providing the constructor name explicitly to inv
oke it
b) Not providing the construction name at all
c) Is the shorthand method
d) None of the above
Answer: A
147) Classes in C++ are
a) Fundamental data type
b) Primitive data type
c) Desired data type
d) None of the above
Answer: C
148) A copy constructor is called
a) When an object is defined and initialized with a
nother object
b) When an object is passed by value
c) When a function returns an object
d) All of the above
Answer: D
149) Which of the following regarding constructor f
unction is false?
a) Constructor functions don’t have return type, no
t even void
b) Constructors can’t be inherited
c) We can refer to their addresses
d) Constructors cannot be virtual
Answer: C
150) If new operator is used, then the constructor
function is
a) Parameterized constructor
b) Copy constructor
c) Dynamic constructor
d) Default constructor
Answer: C
151) Which of the following statements regarding co
nstructor is false?
a) A constructor may be defined static
b) Constructor can have default arguments
c) Member functions may be invoked from within a co
nstructor
d) None of the above
Answer: A
152) The antonym of constructor is
a) Creator
b) Destructor
c) Destroyer
d) None of the above
Answer: B
153) Variable …………. of void type
a) May be declared
b) Cannot be declared
c) Can be initialized
d) None of the above
Answer: B
154) A destruction function
a) Takes no argument and has no return type not eve
n void
b) Has name similar to that of class, preceded by t
ilde(~) symbol
c) Is used to destruct an object, constructed throu
gh constructor function
d) All of the above
Answer: D
155) Which of the following statements regarding de
structor function is false?
a) Destructors do not accept any arguments, nor do
they return any values
b) Destructors can be inherited
c) Member functions may be called from within a des
tructor
d) Destructor functions are called automatically wh
en an object is destroyed
Answer: B
156) Function overloading
a) Involves several function definitions under one
name, but different argument types
b) Implements polymorphism
c) Reduces the number of comparison in a program,
hence increases the execution speed of a program
d) All of the above
Answer: D
157) The signature of function is
a) The number & type of arguments
b) The return type of a function
c) The class definition
d) None of the above
Answer: A
158) Overloading of constructor function
a) is similar to function overloading
b) different from an overloaded function as it can’
t return a value
c) not permitted in C++
d) none of the above
Answer: B
159) The binding of a function call at runtime is
a) Static binding
b) Early binding
c) Late binding
d) Runtime binding
Answer: C
160) The process of giving special meaning to an op
erator is
a) Operator overloading
b) Operator mechanism
c) Operator definition
d) None of the above
Answer: A
161) What is a comment in c++?
a) comments are parts of the source code disregarde
d by the compiler
b) comments are executed by compiler to find the me
aning of the comment
c) comments are executable
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: a
162) What type of comments does c++ support?
a) single line
b) multi line
c) single line and multi line
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: C
163) What is the use of the indentation in c++?
a) distinguishes between comments and code
b) r distinguishes between comments and outer data
c) both a and b
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: A