Chapter 2 Properties of Water
Chapter 2 Properties of Water
PROPERTIES OF WATER
• WATER PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN THE PLUMBING
SYSTEM. IT IS A COMMON, BUT IN MANY WAYS, AN
UNUSUAL LIQUID. LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER ARE
REQUIRED IN BUILDINGS FOR PERSONAL USE, FOOD
PREPARATION, CLEANING AND GENERAL DOMESTIC
PURPOSES, AND POSSIBLY ALSO FOR FIRE FIGHTING,
LAUNDRIES, SWIMMING POOLS, IRRIGATION AND
RECREATIONAL USE.
THE DEMAND OF WATER
DEMAND REQUIREMENT
Boilers and Heating Plants Soft treated water, stored and circulated separate from
domestic supplies.
3. Turbidity The degree of cloudiness or Silt or suspended Discoloration and bad Filtration
muddiness of water matters picked up in taste.
surface or near surface
flow.
4. Color Can be measured through visual Presence of Iron and Discoloration of fixtures Precipitation by filtration through
comparison of the sample to the Manganese and Laundry manganese zeolite (oxidizing
distilled water filter)
1. AERATION
2. COAGULATION- FLOCCULATION
3. SEDIMENTATION
4. FILTRATION
5. DISINFECTION/ CHLORINATION
CHAPTER 3
PLUMBING FIXTURES
AND ACCESSORIES
What are Plumbing Fixtures?
□ Plumbing Fixtures are approved-type
installed receptacles, devices or appliances
supplied with water or liquid-borne wastes &
discharge such wastes into the drainage
system to which they may be directly or
indirectly connected. Industrial or commercial
tanks, vats & similar processing equipment are
not plumbing fixtures, but may be
connected to or discharge into approved traps
or plumbing fixtures as approved for in this
code.
What are the common types of Plumbing
Fixtures?
□ Plumbing Fixtures, put in simpler term, are
receptacles or receivers attached to the
plumbing system other than a trap in which
water or waste may be collected or retained for
ultimate discharge into the plumbing treatment
facility and point of discharge. Their common
types are:
1. Water Closet 2 . Lavatory
3. Bathtub / S h o w e r 4. Kitchen Sink
5. Bidet 6. Urinal
What is a Water Closet & What are its
Types?
□ Water Closet is a plumbing
fixture used to receive human
excrement & to discharge it
t hr ough a waste pipe, using
wat er as a conveying medium .
□ Water Closet s are classifi ed
according to:
1. Design
2. M ake
3. Flushing Mechanism Used
4. Shape
s. Installation
What are the types of w a t e r closet as
to Design?
It is the least expensive but the noisiest; The jet being submerged, introduces water
Only small amount of standing water, underwater so that its operation is entirely
susceptible to fouling, staining & muffled. It has a large amount of standing
contamination water to prevent fouling
What are the types of wate r closet as to
Design?
3. Siphon Vortex 4. Reverse Trap
This type of bowl develops its flushing action The trap way located at the rear eliminated the
through the water entering the diagonal holes bulge at the front. The design of the bowl plus its
around the rim which creates a swirling action large water area & quietness in operation, makes it
which forms a vortex in the center. desirable than the siphon washdown.
What are the types of water closet as to Design?
What are the type of w ater closets as to Make?
□ A water closet comprising only of a bowl without a flush tank. Flushing action is
obtained only through water poured from a pail or bucket. This is used in
areas where running water system is not available .
Squat Bowl Water Closet:
□ Flush Valve is a valve designed to supply a fixed quantity of water for flushing
purposes. It is activated by direct water pressure without the use of a flush tank.
It requires a flow pressure of 69 to 138 kPa.
Wh at are the types of w a t e r closets as to Shape?
60”
21”
30”
12”
What are the Minimum Clearances & Roughing-ins for
Water Closets?
Roughing-in is the installation of all piping & fitting parts of the plumbing system, which
can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures and accessories.
DFU - Drainage Fixture Unit Values
WSFU - Water Supply Fixture Units
What is a Lavatory? Wh at are its
types?
A Lavatory is a fixture designed for the
washing of the hands or face. It is also known
as a Wash Basin.
The 4 types of Lavatory are:
1. Wall Hung Lavatory
2. Pedestal Lavatory
3. Counter Type Lavatory
a. Overcounter or Counter top
b. Undercounter
4. One-piece Lavatory
Wall Hung Lavatory - is a Pedestal Lavatory - are composed of
type of lavatory sink that is two physically separate elements
mounted on the wall. that are attached during installation.
Counter Type Lavatory:
CORNER SINK
SINGLE BOWL
SINGLE DRAIN
..
DOUBLE BOWL
DOUBLE DRAIN TRIPLE BOWL
DOUBLE DRAIN
DOUBLE BOWL
SINGLE DRAIN
Wh at is a Bidet?
A Bidet is a plumbing fixture used for washing the middle part of the body, especially the genitals.
It is also known as Sitz Bath.
Bidet is used in tandem w ith the one-piece water closet or in
integrated w ith the close coupled water closet:
Handheld Bidets
Ceramic Bidets
Wall Hung Urinals – it is the most commonly Pedestal Urinals - A urinal which is not
used type of urinal. Has its plumbing hidden connected to the wall for support but is
behind the wall mounted on a single pedestal
Types of Urinals:
A Scrub Sink is a
plumbing fixture
usually located in the
O.R. in a hospital to
enable personnel to
scrub their hands
prior to a surgical
procedure. The Hot
& Cold water supply
is activated by a
knee - action mixing A Drinking Fountain is a plumbing
valve or by wrist or fixture consisting of a shallow basin,
pedal control or by together with a water jet, designed
automatic sensors. to provide potable water for human
consumption.
Wh at is a Plumbing Unit?