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Lesson 6: File Processing

This document discusses file processing in Python, including opening files for reading and writing, reading file contents line by line using a for loop, splitting file lines into variables, calculating statistics on file contents, and writing output to files. Key methods covered are open(), read(), readline(), readlines(), split(), write(), and close(). Exercises demonstrate reading data from files, splitting lines, calculating totals and averages, and writing results to an output file.

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Lhay Dizon
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72 views12 pages

Lesson 6: File Processing

This document discusses file processing in Python, including opening files for reading and writing, reading file contents line by line using a for loop, splitting file lines into variables, calculating statistics on file contents, and writing output to files. Key methods covered are open(), read(), readline(), readlines(), split(), write(), and close(). Exercises demonstrate reading data from files, splitting lines, calculating totals and averages, and writing results to an output file.

Uploaded by

Lhay Dizon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 6

File processing
Prepared by: Maria Kristela V. Fajardo, DIT
Reading Files
name = open("filename")
– opens the given file for reading, and returns a file object

name.read() - file's entire contents as a string


name.readline() - next line from file as a string
name.readlines() - file's contents as a list of lines
– the lines from a file object can also be read using a for loop

>>> f = open("hours.txt")
>>> f.read()
'123 Susan 12.5 8.1 7.6 3.2\n
456 Brad 4.0 11.6 6.5 2.7 12\n
789 Jenn 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5\n'

2
File Input Template
• A template for reading files in Python:

name = open("filename")
for line in name:
statements

>>> input = open("hours.txt")


>>> for line in input:
... print(line.strip()) # strip() removes \n

123 Susan 12.5 8.1 7.6 3.2


456 Brad 4.0 11.6 6.5 2.7 12
789 Jenn 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5

3
Exercise
• Write a function input_stats that accepts a file name as
a parameter and that reports the longest line in the file.
– example input file, carroll.txt:
Beware the Jabberwock, my son,
the jaws that bite, the claws that catch,
Beware the JubJub bird and shun
the frumious bandersnatch.

– expected output:
>>> input_stats("carroll.txt")
longest line = 42 characters
the jaws that bite, the claws that catch,

4
Exercise Solution
def input_stats(filename):
input = open(filename)
longest = ""
for line in input:
if len(line) > len(longest):
longest = line

print("Longest line =", len(longest))


print(longest)

5
Recall: String Methods
Java Python
length len(str)
startsWith, endsWith startswith, endswith
toLowerCase, toUpperCase upper, lower,
isupper, islower,
capitalize, swapcase
indexOf find
trim strip
ord, chr

>>> name = "Martin Douglas Stepp"


>>> name.upper()
'MARTIN DOUGLAS STEPP'
>>> name.lower().startswith("martin")
True
>>> len(name)
20
6
String Splitting
• split breaks a string into tokens that you can loop over.
name.split() # break by whitespace
name.split(delimiter) # break by delimiter

• join performs the opposite of a split


delimiter.join(list of tokens)

>>> name = "Brave Sir Robin"


>>> for word in name.split():
... print(word)
Brave
Sir
Robin
>>> "LL".join(name.split("r"))
'BLLave SiLL Robin

7
Splitting into Variables
• If you know the number of tokens, you can split them
directly into a sequence of variables.
var1, var2, ..., varN = string.split()

• may want to convert type of some tokens: type(value)

>>> s = "Jessica 31 647.28"


>>> name, age, money = s.split()
>>> name
'Jessica'
>>> int(age)
31
>>> float(money)
647.28

8
Exercise
• Suppose we have this hours.txt data:
123 Suzy 9.5 8.1 7.6 3.1 3.2
456 Brad 7.0 9.6 6.5 4.9 8.8
789 Jenn 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5

• Compute each worker's total hours and hours/day.


– Assume each worker works exactly five days.
Suzy ID 123 worked 31.4 hours: 6.3 / day
Brad ID 456 worked 36.8 hours: 7.36 / day
Jenn ID 789 worked 39.5 hours: 7.9 / day

9
Exercise Answer
hours.py
1 input = open("hours.txt")
2 for line in input:
3 id, name, mon, tue, wed, thu, fri = line.split()
4
5 # cumulative sum of this employee's hours
6 hours = float(mon) + float(tue) + float(wed) + \
7 float(thu) + float(fri)
8
9 print(name, "ID", id, "worked", \
10 hours, "hours: ", hours/5, "/ day"

10
Writing Files
name = open("filename", "w")
name = open("filename", "a")
– opens file for write (deletes previous contents), or
– opens file for append (new data goes after previous data)

name.write(str) - writes the given string to the file


name.close() - saves file once writing is done

>>> out = open("output.txt", "w")


>>> out.write("Hello, world!\n")
>>> out.write("How are you?")
>>> out.close()
>>> open("output.txt").read()
'Hello, world!\nHow are you?'

11
Exercise
• Write code to read a file of gas prices in USA and Belgium:
8.20 3.81 3/21/11
8.08 3.84 3/28/11
8.38 3.92 4/4/11
...

• Output the average gas price for each country to an output


file named gasout.txt.

12

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