Health and Safety

Executive

Example risk assessment for a nightclub

Setting the scene The club is cleaned every morning by cleaners from a to listen to their opinions about health and safety issues
general office cleaning contractors. The cleaners store the in the workplace;
The manager did the risk assessment at this nightclub, cleaning materials in a locked cupboard. Maintenance ■■ talked to the office cleaning contractors, and to his
which is located in a city centre. It has three bars, three work with the exception of the most straightforward preferred suppliers of maintenance work, to ensure
dance floors and an additional ‘quiet bar’. Live bands activities which are done in-house, is done by contractors. that their activities did not pose a risk to club staff, and
also perform there. These are chosen from a preferred list of suppliers. Work vice-versa; and
is undertaken following procedures set out in the club’s ■■ looked at the accident book, to gain an understanding
Thirty staff are employed at the club, which is open to permit to work system for contractors. of previous incidents.
the public from 8.00 pm to 3.00 am. Five staff members
do not speak English as their first language, but are The premises were built before 2000. The building has 2 The manager then wrote down who could be harmed
sufficiently fluent to be able to do their job, understand been surveyed for the presence of asbestos. Asbestos- by the hazards and how.
safety instructions, deal with difficult situations etc. There containing materials (ACMs) were found but as the ACMs
is a staff room, where drinks can be prepared and food were in good condition and in places were they were 3 For each hazard, he wrote down what controls, if
heated, and separate toilet and washing facilities for staff. unlikely to be damaged, worked on or disturbed, it was any, were in place to manage these hazards. He
decided to leave them in place. then compared these controls to the good practice
guidance provided on the HSE website. Where existing
Important reminder How was the risk assessment done? controls were not considered good enough, the
manager wrote down what else needed to be done to
This example risk assessment shows the kind The manager followed the guidance in Five steps to risk control the risk.
of approach a small business might take. It can assessment (www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg163.pdf).
be used as a guide to think through some of the 4 Putting the risk assessment into practice, the manager
hazards in your business and the steps you need to 1 To identify the hazards, the manager: decided and recorded who was responsible for
take to control the risks. Please note that it is not a implementing the actions identified as necessary and
generic risk assessment that you can just put your ■■ looked at HSE’s web pages for small businesses when they should be done. When each action was
company name on and adopt wholesale without any (www.hse.gov.uk/smallbusinesses/index.htm), and done, he ticked it off and noted the date. He also made
thought. This would not satisfy the law – and would for entertainment and leisure (www.hse.gov.uk/ it part of the induction process for new staff.
not be effective in protecting people. entertainment/index.htm), to learn where hazards can
occur. 1 5 At the staff meeting, the office manager discussed the
Every business is different – you need to think ■■ walked around the club, noting things that might pose findings of the risk assessment with staff and pinned
through the hazards and controls required in your a risk and taking HSE’s guidance into consideration; up a copy in the staffroom. He decided to review and
business for yourself. ■■ talked to supervisors and staff to learn from their update the risk assessment every year, or straightaway
knowledge and experience of areas and activities, and if any major changes in the workplace happened.
Example risk assessment: Nightclub 1 of 6 pages
 Health and Safety
Executive

Company name: Smith’s Nightclub Date of risk assessment: 01/10/07

What are the Who might be harmed and how? What are you already doing? What further action is necessary? Action by Action by Done
hazards? who? when?

Fire Staff and public may suffer serious, ■■ Full fire risk assessment, as per www.communities.gov.uk/fire has ■■ No further action necessary at this
possibly fatal, injuries from smoke been done and is available in the manager’s office. stage.
inhalation, burns, structural collapse. ■■ Constant checks to ensure all control measures in fire risk
assessment are in place.

Falls from height Staff may suffer serious, possibly fatal, ■■ All platforms for performers and others are adequately fenced with ■■ Nosings (front edges) of steps to Technical 30/11/07 29/10/07
injuries if they fall from any height. safe means of access. be highlighted. manager
For example, performers might fall ■■ Ladders to be suitable, regularly inspected, and used only for light
from platforms; staff doing cleaning/ work of short duration by trained staff. ■■ Provide suitable nets under Technical 30/11/07 29/10/07
maintenance, or working on the lighting ■■ Only trained, authorised staff may work on the lighting rig. balcony edge (and ensure safe manager
rig, might fall from ladders. ■■ All other work at height, such as above the roof light – is done by system of work, including the right
Also, staff/pubic risk serious injury if contractors under a permit to work system and using trained staff equipment, for retrieving glasses/
struck by glasses falling from balcony and appropriate equipment. bottles from nets).
to lower levels. ■■ Stewards extra-vigilant on the balcony.

Slips, trips and Staff and public may suffer serious, ■■ All stairs have handrails and midrails on open sides with kick boards ■■ Replace loose floor tiles by the Technical 30/11/07 29/10/07
falls possibly fatal, injuries if they fall from where needed. sink in the staff kitchen. manager
or on stairs, or suffer injuries such as ■■ All enclosed stairwells have handrails on one side at least and both
sprains and fractures if they slip on if stair wider than 1.8 m. ■■ Check there is enough gritting salt Technical 30/10/07 4/10/07
spillages, trip over objects etc. ■■ All carpets firmly secured. for the path to the outside bins, in manager
■■ Adequate lighting, particularly on stairs. icy weather.
■■ Good housekeeping – staff ‘see it and sort it’.
■■ Electrical cables managed so as not to pose a trip hazard. ■■ Spills to be cleaned up Technical 30/10/07 4/10/07
immediately using spill kits located manager
around the club, glass collectors
and bar staff to be on the look out
for spills at all times.

Example risk assessment: Nightclub 2 of 6 pages

 Health and Safety
Executive

What are the Who might be harmed and how? What are you already doing? What further action is necessary? Action by Action by Done
hazards? who? when?

Electricity Staff and public may suffer serious ■■ Electrical installation and all equipment inspected by a competent ■■ Make sure that all starters know HR Ongoing
and possibly fatal electric shock/burns person according to a planned inspection programme, and where the fuse box is and how Manager
injuries from faulty electrical equipment maintained as necessary. to safely turn off electricity in an
or installation. ■■ Staff trained to spot and report any defective plugs, discoloured emergency.
sockets, damaged cable and on/off switches and to take defective
equipment out of use.
■■ Staff know how to safely turn the electricity off in an emergency.
■■ Clear access to the fuse box.

Noise Staff might suffer permanent or ■■ Noise limiter fitted to sound system and DJ informed. ■■ Make sure that protection of staff Manager For next
temporary hearing damage from long- ■■ Regular check of sound systems to ensure balance/proper control. from excessive noise is designed and year
term exposure to loud music. All staff ■■ Quiet areas provided. in during the refitting of bar areas/ technical
assumed to be at risk, particularly DJ ■■ Staff rotation between quiet and noisy areas. dance floors planned for next year. manager
and bar staff. ■■ Staff trained in noise risks and the protective measures needed. ■■
■■ Staff considered to be particularly at risk identified and provided
with ear plugs.
■■ Health surveillance, including hearing tests, for ‘at risk’ staff.

Violence Staff and the public risk serious injury, ■■ Staff trained to spot potential trouble makers, defuse tense ■■ No further action at this stage.
if assaulted or if caught up in fighting. situations etc.
■■ Adequate number of trained, SIA badged security staff.
■■ Staff trained in procedures re-entry, queuing, searches, etc and
signs displayed for public.
■■ Information sharing with police and other security staff at licensed
premises in the area.
■■ CCTV system.
■■ Walkie-talkie system allows bar staff to talk to security staff.
■■ Overcrowding not permitted in any area.
■■ Security staff aware of all exits.
■■ Live bands told not to encourage stage diving etc.
■■ Drinks not served to people obviously under the influence.
■■ Glass collectors used.

Example risk assessment: Nightclub 3 of 6 pages

 Health and Safety
Executive

What are the Who might be harmed and how? What are you already doing? What further action is necessary? Action by Action by Done
hazards? who? when?

Glazing and Staff and the public may suffer serious ■■ All safety-critical glazing complies with British Standard 6262. ■■ No further action at this stage.
mirrors injury from impact with windows/ ■■ Where necessary, glass is marked to make it evident.
mirrors that are not evident. ■■ No mirrors sited where they might cause confusion or disorientation.

Gas Staff and others risk injury from fire and ■■ Boiler checked and serviced annually by a Gas Safe registered ■■ No further action at this stage.
explosion if not properly maintained and engineer.
used. ■■ Staff trained in defect reporting procedure.

High temperatures Staff and the public may suffer from ■■ Adequate ventilation supplies fresh air to public areas at a rate of ■■ No further action at this stage.
dehydration or fainting if it is too hot. 8 litres/sec/person.
■■ Air conditioning in hot weather.

Hypodermic Staff may suffer puncture injuries from ■■ Strict no-drugs policy, enforced by club security procedures. ■■ Reminder to staff that they must Manager 4/10/07 4/10/07
needles discarded needles, which may result in ■■ Staff trained in collecting discarded needles using always use the sharps kit when
serious ill-health problems. ‘sharps kit’ - puncture-resistant gloves, tongs and sharps box. discarded needles are found.
■■ Staff trained to dispose of sharps container as clinical waste.
■■ Train staff in action to be taken in Manager 4/10/07 4/10/07
case of needle-stick injury.

Manual handling Staff may suffer from back pain ■■ Kegs taken to and stored in cellar by brewery draymen. ■■ Install portable ramp for rear step, Technical 30/11/07 29/10/07
from carrying heavy or awkward ■■ Beer drop properly designed and maintained. to prevent having to awkwardly manager
objects including kegs, cases of beer, ■■ Sack truck/porters trolley used where possible for cases of bottles, manoeuvre the sack truck up or
speakers. speakers etc. down the step.
■■ Only authorised staff, trained in manual handling, handle the sound
system, speakers etc.

Transport Staff may suffer serious injuries ■■ Reversing of vehicles to be supervised if other people in the area. ■■ Talk to the brewery about agreeing Bar 30/11/07 15/10/07
if struck by a vehicle, eg during safe procedures for deliveries. manager
deliveries.

Example risk assessment: Nightclub 4 of 6 pages

 Health and Safety
Executive

What are the Who might be harmed and how? What are you already doing? What further action is necessary? Action by Action by Done
hazards? who? when?

CO2 leakage Staff risk potentially fatal suffocation ■■ Adequate ventilation to cellar. ■■ Make sure all new starters know Bar Ongoing
injuries from any CO2 leak in the cellar. ■■ Staff trained to check for and to recognise leaks, and to turn how to check for and recognise manager
equipment off if there is a leak. leaks, and how to safely turn
■■ Brewery provides 24-hour cover for dealing with leaks. equipment off.
■■ CO2 alarm installed, and regularly maintained.

Asbestos- Staff and others carrying out normal ■■ Insulating boards in good condition – asbestos unlikely to be ■■ At next staff meeting, remind Manager 4/10/07 4/10/07
containing activities at very low risk as asbestos disturbed during normal activities. staff that the asbestos must
materials found only poses a risk if fibres are released ■■ Systems in place to inform contractors, and others who might not be disturbed and to report
in two insulating into air and inhaled. Maintenance disturb the asbestos, where it is and to ensure safe working. immediately any accidental
board panels to workers most at risk. ■■ ‘Danger, asbestos, do not disturb’ signs posted at cellar door. damage to the insulating boards.
the cellar door ■■ Staff told to report any accidental damage immediately.
■■ Condition of insulating boards checked periodically.

Pyrotechnics Danger from fire, explosion, direct ■■ NOT TO BE USED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF LICENSING ■■ No further action at this stage.
impact and panic. AUTHORITY, ASSESSMENT OF SUITABILITY OF VENUE BY
COMPETENT PERSON, FULL RISK ASSESSMENT AND COMPLIANCE
WITH ABTT GUIDANCE.
■■ If all above met then use only stage pyrotechnics with cold fall out
and according to manufacturers’ instructions.

Lasers Staff and public may suffer eye damage ■■ NOT TO BE USED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF LICENSING ■■ No further action at this stage.
if used improperly. AUTHORITY, ASSESSMENT OF SUITABILITY OF VENUE BY
COMPETENT PERSON, FULL RISK ASSESSMENT AND COMPLIANCE
WITH HSE PUBLICATION HSG95.2

Smoke and fogs Staff may suffer skin damage from ■■ Only trained workers have access to the products, which are kept in ■■ Download HSE document SR25 Technical 30/11/07 29/11/07
handling dry ice. Fumes and mists a locked container. Smokes and fogs in nightclubs manager
can cause irritation to eyes, nose and ■■ Only workers trained in the risk of the product, use the products, and small venues (www.coshh-
breathing. following safe systems of work – including wearing appropriate essentials.org.uk/assets/live/
gloves, as recommended by the manufacturer. SR25.pdf) to check that the right
controls are in place.

Example risk assessment: Nightclub 5 of 6 pages

 Health and Safety
Executive

What are the Who might be harmed and how? What are you already doing? What further action is necessary? Action by Action by Done
hazards? who? when?

Hangings, drapes, May be flammable and obscure exit ■■ Must be flame retardant. ■■ No further action at this stage.
inflatables etc signs. ■■ Must not be hung anywhere that hides exit routes, signs etc.
used for ■■
decoration

Assessment review date: 1/10/08

1 For more information on noise at work in venues where music is played, see www.hse.gov.uk/noise/musicsound.htm.
2 The radiation safety of lasers used for display purposes HSG95 HSE Books 1996 ISBN 978 0 7176 0691 7

Example risk assessment: Nightclub 6 of 6 pages

Published by the Health and Safety Executive 11/10