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ER Model: Example, Suppose We Design A School Database. in This Database, The Student

The ER model is a high-level data model used to define the data elements and relationships for a specified system. It develops a conceptual design for the database using entity-relationship diagrams that portray the database structure. Entities, attributes, and relationships are the key components of an ER diagram, where entities can be objects or people, attributes describe entity properties, and relationships define connections between entities.

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Haider Sultan
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122 views

ER Model: Example, Suppose We Design A School Database. in This Database, The Student

The ER model is a high-level data model used to define the data elements and relationships for a specified system. It develops a conceptual design for the database using entity-relationship diagrams that portray the database structure. Entities, attributes, and relationships are the key components of an ER diagram, where entities can be objects or people, attributes describe entity properties, and relationships define connections between entities.

Uploaded by

Haider Sultan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ER Model

• ER model stands for an Entity-Relationship model. It is a high-level data


model. This model is used to define the data elements and relationship for
a specified system.
• It develops a conceptual design for the database. It also develops a very
simple and easy to design view of data.
• In ER modeling, the database structure is portrayed as a diagram called an
entity-relationship diagram.
example, Suppose we design a school database. In this database, the student
will be an entity with attributes like address, name, id, age, etc. The address
can be another entity with attributes like city, street name, pin code, etc and
there will be a relationship between them.
Component of ER Diagram
1. Entity:
• An entity may be any object, class, person or place. In the ER diagram,
an entity can be represented as rectangles.
• Consider an organization as an example- manager, product,
employee, department etc. can be taken as an entity.

Weak Entity
• An entity that depends on another entity called a weak entity. The
weak entity doesn't contain any key attribute of its own. The weak
entity is represented by a double rectangle.
2. Attribute
• The attribute is used to describe the property of an entity. Eclipse is
used to represent an attribute.

Example, id, age, contact number, name, etc. can be attributes of a


student.
a. Key Attribute
The key attribute is used to represent the main characteristics of an entity. It represents a primary key. The key
attribute is represented by an ellipse with the text underlined.

b. Composite Attribute
An attribute that composed of many other attributes is known as a composite attribute. The composite
attribute is represented by an ellipse, and those ellipses are connected with an ellipse.
c. Multivalued Attribute
An attribute can have more than one value. These attributes are known as a multivalued attribute.
The double oval is used to represent multivalued attribute.
example, a student can have more than one phone number.

d. Derived Attribute
An attribute that can be derived from other attribute is known as a derived attribute. It can be
represented by a dashed ellipse.
example, A person's age changes over time and can be derived from another attribute like Date of
birth.
3. Relationship
A relationship is used to describe the relation between entities.
Diamond or rhombus is used to represent the relationship.

Types of relationship are as follows:


1. One to One
2. One to Many
3. Many to One
4. Many to Many
a. One-to-One Relationship
When only one instance of an entity is associated with the relationship, then it is
known as one to one relationship.
example, A female can marry to one male, and a male can marry to one female.

b. One-to-many relationship
When only one instance of the entity on the left, and more than one instance of an
entity on the right associates with the relationship then this is known as a one-to-
many relationship.
example, Scientist can invent many inventions, but the invention is done by the
only specific scientist.
c. Many-to-one relationship
When more than one instance of the entity on the left, and only one instance of an
entity on the right associates with the relationship then it is known as a many-to-
one relationship.
example, Student enrolls for only one course, but a course can have many
students.

d. Many-to-many relationship
When more than one instance of the entity on the left, and more than one instance
of an entity on the right associates with the relationship then it is known as a
many-to-many relationship.
example, Employee can assign by many projects and project can have many
employees.
Notation of ER diagram

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