The curve in the first

quadrant represents the graph of the function y =

1-x2 in the interval [0, 1].

+ y =
1 represents a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 1 unit).
llustration:
LetAo denote the origin and the point of intersection of the curve with X-axis be A1o and point of intersection
with Y-axis be
Bg. Measure AgBo- Let AgBo Yo =

2. Now, divide line

segment AgA10 into 10 equal parts as shown in fig. (iv).
3. Mark the consecutive
points as A, A2, Ag, A4 Ag
4.
Draw a
perpendicular from A, intersecting the curve at B, to get trapezium AgA^B,Bo. Measure the length of
AB and name it as
y, as shown in fig. (iv).

AAAA A, AAAAAd

Fig. (iv)
5. Similarly, draw
perpendiculars from A2, Ag Ag to get nine more trapeziums [fig. (v)]
...,

Name the perpendiculars as

AB, V2 AgBV3 ., AgB9 yY9
1
6. Clearly, width of each partition is = 0-1 unit.
10
i.e. AgA =AjA2 =AzA3= .Ag Aj0 =0-1 units.
7. yo1 unit =A,Bo
=AB = 0.99units

2AB2 0:97 units

V 3 A B 3 = 0-95 units

V4AB4= 0-92 units

sABs 0 87 units
YAgB= 0-80 units o 3VsyasyAB
AB 0.71 units
sAgBs 0-60 units
Vo =AgB9 = 0-43 units

ioA1oB10=0 units OAAAAAA,AJA AA

 8. Area of the
quadrant of the circle =
Sum of the areas of ten
trapeziums
xC'T
I0+0:99) + (0:99 + 0-97) + (0-97 + 0-95) +
2 0
(0 80 +0-71) + (0 71
+ (0-95 + 0:92) + (0.92 * 0'0)
+0:60) + (0:60
=01 [0*5
+0:99 +0.97+0.95 +0-92 + +0-43)+ (0-43) ]
=
01 7 74 0:774 x
sq. units
0:87+0-80+0.71 +0-60 +0-43]
(approx.)
9. Definite integral =
2
sinx =
0.785 sq. units.

d arca or the
quadrant as a limit of a sum is nearly same as the area obtained by
Observation We
actual integra tion.
observe that
Area of the quadrant
of a circle with radius 1 unit -x dr= sq. units.

Area of the quadrant as a limit of a sum ==

Sq. units.

The two areas are

nearly
Application
This activity is used to understand the concept of area bounded
by curve and to find the value of x to the nearest
approximation.
 LAE Actvity-22
Topic Three Dimensional Geometry

Objective MATERIALS REQUIRED

To locate the points to

given coordinates in space, measure the distance 1. Cardboard
between two points in space and then to verify the distance using distance 2. Squared paper or graph paper
formula. 3. Geometry box
4. Nails of different lengths
Pre-requisite Knowledge
Students must be familiar with distance formula of two
5. Paper arrow heads
points in
plane.
Metod of Construction
1. Take
cardboard of suitable dimensions and paste a squared graph paper on it
a
(fig ().
2. Draw the coordinate axes and name them as X'OX
and Y'OY. Take 1 unit= 1 cm
Refer fig )]
3. Represent the Z-axis by fixing a wire in the vertical direction [fig. ()]. Name it as OZ.

Fig.()
4. Plot different points on the squared sheet and name them as P, Q, R, S etc.
Let P(2, 3) Q(1, 2)
R-2, 1) S 6 , - 3 ) etc.
5. Fix nails of different lengths 1 em, 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm at points P, Q, R, S etc. [fig. (i].

543-244

Fig. in
6. The upper tips ofthese nails of lengths I em, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm etc. at points P,Q. R, S respectively be A
B, C, D etc. in the space [Refer fig (i)]
 7. Attach wires from points A, B, C, D to the origin [Refer fig (ii)].

CE21,3)YA 122A(2.3.1

N
543-2 02356
DI63,4)4

Fig. (ti)
Illustration
1. Coordinates of point A > (2, 3, 1)
Coordinates of point B(1,2,2)
Coordinates of point C+(2, 1, 3)
Coordinates of point D(6,-3, 4)
2. On measuring the distance with a scale, it is found that distanceAB = 18 cm

3. By distance formula, AB| = (2-1)? +(3-2)+(1-2)

=
y3 cm =1.732 cm
Hence, the distance AB obtained by actual measurement is approximately same as the distance obtained
with the help of distance formula.
Similarly, we can verify the distances between other points i.e., AC, BC, AD, CD, BD

Observation
Distance On Actual Using the Distance Formula
Measurement (in em) in cm)
AC

BC

AD

CD

BD

Thus, the distance between two points obtained on actual measurement and with the help of distance formula is
nearly the same.

Application
This activity is helpful in obtaining the coordinates of different points in space.
Itis also helpful in explaining the concept ofposition vectors.
 Topic
Probability
Objective MATERIALS REQUIRED
To explain the computation
of conditional probability of an eventA, 1. Cardboard
when event B has already occurred by an
example of rollinga dice. 2. White chart paper
Pre-requisite Knowledge 3. Pen
Students must be familiar with sample space of rolling of dice. 4. Scale
5. Pair of dice
Method of Construction 6. Glue.
1.
Take a cardboard of convenient size and paste a white papero
using glue [refer fig. ()]1

Fig. )
2. Draw a square on the paper and divide it into 36 equal squares of size 1 cm each [refer fig. (ii)

(1, 1) (2, 1) (3, 1) (4, 1) (5, 1) (6, 1)

(1, 2) (2, 2) (3, 2) 4,2) (5,2) (6, 2)

(1,3) (2, 3) (3,3) 4,3) (5, 3) (6, 3)

(1,4) 2,4) 6,4) 4,4) 6,4) (6, 4)

1,59 2.5 3,5) 4,5) (6,5) (6,5)
(1,6) (2, 6) (3,) (4, (5, 6) (6, 6)

Fig. i)
3. Write the sample space of rolling two dice together.
 Illustration:
1. The sample space of rolling two dice together is given in fig. (ii).
2. Let A be an event of occurrence of
a multiple of 4 on both the dice and B be an event of occurrence or n c
multiple of 4 on atleast one of the dice.
3. Let us find the conditional
probability of Aand B i.e. P (A/B)
4. Number of favourable outcomes of event A =
1
Number of favourable outcomes of Bevent =
11
Number of favourable outcomes of event AnB =
1

11
5. ()P(B) =
36 (ii)P(ANB)= 36 (ii) P(A/B) =- P(AnB)
36 P(B) 11

Observation We observe that

1. n(A)=

2. n(B) =

3. n(AB) | =

4. P(An B) =|

5. P(A/B)=

Application
This activity is helpful in learming the concept of conditional probability which is further applicable in Baye's Theorem.