Electrical Design Manual

Ofce of Construction &
Facilities Management
Electrical
design manual
December 1, 2019
PG 18-10 – ELECTRICAL DESIGN MANUAL December 1, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................... 1-5
1.2 RESPONSIBILITY ......................................................................................................... 1-5
1.3 AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION .......................................................................... 1-6
1.4 COORDINATION ........................................................................................................ 1-6
1.5 VA DESIGN CRITERIA ................................................................................................. 1-7
1.5.1 MASTER SPECIFICATIONS (PG-18-1) ......................................................................... 1-7
1.5.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES (PG-18-3) ........................................... 1-7
1.5.3 NATIONAL CAD STANDARD, VHA APPLICATION GUIDE &
STANDARD DETAILS (PG-18-4) .................................................................................. 1-7
1.5.4 EQUIPMENT GUIDE LIST (PG-18-5) ........................................................................... 1-8
1.5.5 DESIGN MANUALS (PG-18-10) .................................................................................. 1-8
1.5.6 DESIGN GUIDES (PG-18-12) ...................................................................................... 1-8
1.5.7 DESIGN SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS (PG-18-15) ..................................................... 1-9
1.5.8 DESIGN REVIEW CHECKLISTS .................................................................................... 1-9
1.5.9 DESIGN ALERTS ......................................................................................................... 1-9
1.5.10 STANDARDS ALERTS ................................................................................................ 1-10
1.5.11 PHYSICAL SECURITY DESIGN MANUAL.................................................................... 1-10
1.5.12 COST ESTIMATING MANUAL ................................................................................... 1-10
1.5.13 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN MANUAL ............................................................................. 1-10
1.5.14 SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (H-18-8)............................................................. 1-11
1.5.15 FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN MANUAL....................................................................... 1-11
1.5.16 VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM ............................................................................ 1-11
1.5.17 COMPUTER AIDED FACILITIES MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS (CAFM) ............... 1-12
1.6 VA BIM STANDARD ................................................................................................. 1-12
1.7 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS .................................................................... 1-12
1.7.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 1-12
1.7.2 LOCAL CODES AND CONDITIONS ............................................................................ 1-13
1.7.3 LOCAL UTILITY ......................................................................................................... 1-13
1.8 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 1-13
1.9 CRITERIA UNIQUE TO VA......................................................................................... 1-14
1.9.1 DRAWINGS .............................................................................................................. 1-14
1.9.2 SEQUENCE OF ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS .................................................................. 1-15
1.9.3 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ............................................................................. 1-15
1.9.4 PROPRIETARY ITEMS ............................................................................................... 1-16
1.10 CALCULATIONS ........................................................................................................ 1-16
Table of Contents i
1.10.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 1-16

1.10.2 FAULT CURRENT CALCULATIONS ............................................................................ 1-17
1.10.3 PROTECTIVE DEVICE COORDINATION CALCULATIONS ........................................... 1-17
1.10.4 ARC FLASH CALCULATIONS ..................................................................................... 1-17
1.10.5 LOAD CALCULATIONS .............................................................................................. 1-18
1.10.6 GENERATOR SIZING CALCULATIONS ....................................................................... 1-18
1.10.7 VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS ............................................................................. 1-18
1.10.8 HARMONIC DISTORTION CALCULATIONS ............................................................... 1-19
1.10.9 LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATIONS .............................................................. 1-19
1.11 SEISMIC BRACING.................................................................................................... 1-19
1.11.1 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 1-19
1.11.2 DRAWINGS .............................................................................................................. 1-19
1.11.3 EQUIPMENT BRACING............................................................................................. 1-19
1.12 TRANSPORT SYSTEMS ............................................................................................. 1-19
1.13 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS ............................................................................................. 1-19
1.14 RENOVATION TO EXISTING SITES AND BUILDINGS................................................. 1-20
1.14.1 DRAWINGS .............................................................................................................. 1-20
1.14.2 MODIFICATION VERSUS REPLACEMENT ................................................................. 1-20
1.14.3 AGE AND PHYSICAL CONDITION ............................................................................. 1-20
1.14.4 PARTS AVAILABILITY................................................................................................ 1-20
1.14.5 CONDUIT AND BOXES ............................................................................................. 1-20
1.14.6 CONDUCTORS ......................................................................................................... 1-21
1.14.7 WIRING DEVICES ..................................................................................................... 1-21
1.14.8 LIGHTING FIXTURES ................................................................................................ 1-21
1.14.9 PANELBOARDS ........................................................................................................ 1-21
1.14.10 GOVERNMENT RETAINED EQUIPMENT .................................................................. 1-22
1.14.11 CONTINUITY OF SERVICE......................................................................................... 1-22
1.14.12 COMPATIBILITY ....................................................................................................... 1-22
CHAPTER 2: RACEWAYS, WIRING, AND EQUIPMENT .................................................................. 2-1
2.1 RACEWAYS ................................................................................................................ 2-3
2.1.1 CONCEALED AND EXPOSED....................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.2 UNDERGROUND DUCTS AND CONDUITS .................................................................. 2-3
2.1.3 SPARE CONDUITS ...................................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.4 UNDERFLOOR DUCT SYSTEMS .................................................................................. 2-3
2.1.5 IMAGING ROOMS...................................................................................................... 2-4
2.1.6 POKE-THRUS/POWER POLES..................................................................................... 2-5
2.1.7 ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION AREA .................................................................... 2-5
2.2 GROUNDING ............................................................................................................. 2-5
Table of Contents ii
2.2.1 GROUNDING ELECTRODES ........................................................................................ 2-5

2.2.2 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTORS ................................................................ 2-5
2.2.3 METAL CURTAIN WALL GROUNDING ....................................................................... 2-5
2.3 LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM ............................................................................ 2-6
2.4 MOTOR DISCONNECT SWITCHES .............................................................................. 2-6
CHAPTER 3: RECEPTACLE AND POWER REQUIREMENTS............................................................. 3-1
3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.2 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM CIRCUITS ................................................................ 3-3
3.3 RECEPTACLE CIRCUITS............................................................................................... 3-3
3.4 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................ 3-3
3.4.1 GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER RECEPTACLES ............................................ 3-3
3.4.2 SURGICAL/OPERATING ROOMS ................................................................................ 3-3
3.4.3 ICU-CCU FOOT-WALL RECEPTACLES ......................................................................... 3-4
3.4.4 EXTERIOR ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLES ........................................................................ 3-4
3.4.5 WAITING, LOUNGE AND LOBBY AREAS .................................................................... 3-5
3.4.6 ANIMAL SURGERY ROOMS (RESEARCH) ................................................................... 3-5
3.4.7 SELF-ILLUMINATED EMERGENCY RECEPTACLES ....................................................... 3-5
3.4.8 CORRIDORS ............................................................................................................... 3-5
3.4.9 KITCHENS................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.4.10 OFFICES AND ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS .................................................................... 3-5
3.4.11 LABORATORIES AND RESEARCH FACILITIES .............................................................. 3-6
3.4.12 PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION SERVICE ............................................... 3-6
3.4.13 PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT ROOMS ................................................................................. 3-6
3.4.14 STAIRWELLS............................................................................................................... 3-6
3.4.15 INTERSTITIAL SPACES ................................................................................................ 3-6
3.4.16 TV/CCTV POWER RECEPTACLES ................................................................................ 3-6
3.4.17 ELECTRICAL CLOSETS ................................................................................................. 3-6
3.4.18 MOTORIZED TREADMILLS ......................................................................................... 3-7
CHAPTER 4: ESSENTIAL AND STANDBY ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS ....................................... 4-1
4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 4-3
4.2 MIXED ESSENTIAL AND STANDBY ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS ............................ 4-3
4.3 COMMISSIONING ...................................................................................................... 4-3
4.4 EQUIPMENT AND RATINGS ....................................................................................... 4-3
4.4.1 GENERATORS ............................................................................................................ 4-3
4.4.2 AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES (ATS) ................................................................. 4-4
4.4.3 CONTROL NETWORK ................................................................................................. 4-4
4.4.4 DIESEL FUEL STORAGE .............................................................................................. 4-4
4.4.5 LOCATION.................................................................................................................. 4-4
Table of Contents iii

4.5 EXISTING FACILITIES .................................................................................................. 4-4

4.6 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR HOSPITALS.................................................... 4-5
4.6.1 ENFORCING CODES ................................................................................................... 4-5
4.6.1.1 Life Safety Branch ..................................................................................................... 4-5
4.6.1.2 Critical Branch ........................................................................................................... 4-5
4.6.2 EQUIPMENT BRANCH................................................................................................ 4-7
4.6.2.1 Equipment Branch Non-Delayed Automatic Connection ......................................... 4-7
4.6.2.2 Equipment Branch Delayed-Automatic Connection ................................................. 4-8
4.6.3 ALTERNATE SOURCE OF POWER ............................................................................. 4-10
4.7 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR NURSING HOMES AND LIMITED CARE
FACILITIES ................................................................................................................ 4-10
4.7.1 LIFE SAFETY BRANCH............................................................................................... 4-10
4.7.2 CRITICAL BRANCH ................................................................................................... 4-11
4.8 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR OTHER HEALTHCARE FACILITIES .................. 4-11
4.9 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR OTHER FACILITIES ........................................ 4-11
4.9.1 BOILER PLANT AND ENERGY CENTER ..................................................................... 4-11
4.9.2 FIRE STATION .......................................................................................................... 4-11
4.10 STANDBY ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR MISSION CRITICAL FACILITIES ........................ 4-12
4.10.1 REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................... 4-12
4.10.2 STANDBY SOURCE OF POWER ................................................................................ 4-12
CHAPTER 5: ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION ......................................................................... 5-1
5.1 UTILITY SERVICE ........................................................................................................ 5-3
5.2 PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.2 PRIMARY SWITCHGEAR............................................................................................. 5-3
5.2.3 PRIMARY CABLING .................................................................................................... 5-4
5.2.4 BUILDING PRIMARY-VOLTAGE DISCONNECTING MEANS......................................... 5-4
5.3 SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION ...................................................................................... 5-4
5.3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 5-4
5.3.2 MEDIUM-TO-LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS ......................................................... 5-4
5.3.3 LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS............................................................................... 5-4
5.3.4 SWITCHGEAR, SWITCHBOARDS, AND MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS ......................... 5-5
5.3.5 BRANCH-CIRCUIT PANELBOARDS ............................................................................. 5-5
5.3.6 TYPE 2 SURGE-PROTECTIVE DEVICES (TYPE 2 SPD) .................................................. 5-5
5.3.7 LOADS FED FROM UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) .................................. 5-5
5.4 POWER MONITORING AND METERING .................................................................... 5-5
Table of Contents iv
5.4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.4.2 ENERGY CENTERS ...................................................................................................... 5-6
5.4.3 EXISTING FACILITIES .................................................................................................. 5-6
5.5 ELECTRICAL ROOMS AND CLOSETS ........................................................................... 5-6
5.5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 5-6
5.5.2 SPACE FOR FUTURE EQUIPMENT .............................................................................. 5-7
5.6 ELECTRICAL FACILITIES FOR SURGICAL/OPERATING ROOMS ................................... 5-7
5.7 ELECTRICAL FACILITIES FOR ELEVATORS ................................................................... 5-7
CHAPTER 6: SPECIAL MEDICAL AND ALARM SYSTEMS ................................................................ 6-1
6.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 6-3
6.2 PATIENT BED SERVICE WALL SYSTEMS ..................................................................... 6-3
6.3 PATIENT BED SERVICE WALLS (PBSW) ...................................................................... 6-3
6.4 PBSW INSTALLATION ................................................................................................ 6-3
6.5 PBSW APPLICATION .................................................................................................. 6-3
6.6 MEDICAL GAS, VACUUM, AND AIR ALARM SYSTEMS ............................................... 6-4
Table of Contents v
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 PURPOSE .................................................................................................................... 1-5
1.2 RESPONSIBILITY .......................................................................................................... 1-5
1.3 AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION ........................................................................... 1-6
1.4 COORDINATION ......................................................................................................... 1-6
1.5 VA DESIGN CRITERIA .................................................................................................. 1-7
1.5.1 MASTER SPECIFICATIONS (PG-18-1) .......................................................................... 1-7
1.5.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES (PG-18-3) ............................................ 1-7
1.5.3 NATIONAL CAD STANDARD, VHA APPLICATION GUIDE &
STANDARD DETAILS (PG-18-4) ................................................................................... 1-7
1.5.4 EQUIPMENT GUIDE LIST (PG-18-5) ............................................................................ 1-8
1.5.5 DESIGN MANUALS (PG-18-10) ................................................................................... 1-8
1.5.6 DESIGN GUIDES (PG-18-12) ....................................................................................... 1-8
1.5.7 DESIGN SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS (PG-18-15)...................................................... 1-9
1.5.8 DESIGN REVIEW CHECKLISTS ..................................................................................... 1-9
1.5.9 DESIGN ALERTS .......................................................................................................... 1-9
1.5.10 STANDARDS ALERTS ................................................................................................. 1-10
1.5.11 PHYSICAL SECURITY DESIGN MANUAL..................................................................... 1-10
1.5.12 COST ESTIMATING MANUAL .................................................................................... 1-10
1.5.13 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN MANUAL .............................................................................. 1-10
1.5.14 SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (H-18-8).............................................................. 1-11
1.5.15 FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN MANUAL ....................................................................... 1-11
1.5.16 VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM ............................................................................. 1-11
1.5.17 COMPUTER AIDED FACILITIES MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS (CAFM) ................ 1-12
1.6 VA BIM STANDARD .................................................................................................. 1-12
1.7 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS ..................................................................... 1-12
1.7.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 1-12
1.7.2 LOCAL CODES AND CONDITIONS ............................................................................. 1-13
1.7.3 LOCAL UTILITY .......................................................................................................... 1-13
1.8 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 1-13
1.9 CRITERIA UNIQUE TO VA.......................................................................................... 1-14
General Requirements 1-1

1.9.1 DRAWINGS ............................................................................................................... 1-14

1.9.2 SEQUENCE OF ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS ................................................................... 1-15
1.9.3 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS .............................................................................. 1-15
1.9.4 PROPRIETARY ITEMS ................................................................................................ 1-16
1.10 CALCULATIONS ......................................................................................................... 1-16
1.10.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 1-16
1.10.2 FAULT CURRENT CALCULATIONS ............................................................................. 1-17
1.10.3 PROTECTIVE DEVICE COORDINATION CALCULATIONS ............................................ 1-17
1.10.4 ARC FLASH CALCULATIONS ...................................................................................... 1-17
1.10.5 LOAD CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................... 1-18
1.10.6 GENERATOR SIZING CALCULATIONS ........................................................................ 1-18
1.10.7 VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS .............................................................................. 1-18
1.10.8 HARMONIC DISTORTION CALCULATIONS ................................................................ 1-19
1.10.9 LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATIONS ............................................................... 1-19
1.11 SEISMIC BRACING..................................................................................................... 1-19
1.11.1 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 1-19
1.11.2 DRAWINGS ............................................................................................................... 1-19
1.11.3 EQUIPMENT BRACING.............................................................................................. 1-19
1.12 TRANSPORT SYSTEMS .............................................................................................. 1-19
1.13 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS .............................................................................................. 1-19
1.14 RENOVATION TO EXISTING SITES AND BUILDINGS.................................................. 1-20
1.14.1 DRAWINGS ............................................................................................................... 1-20
1.14.2 MODIFICATION VERSUS REPLACEMENT .................................................................. 1-20
1.14.3 AGE AND PHYSICAL CONDITION .............................................................................. 1-20
1.14.4 PARTS AVAILABILITY................................................................................................. 1-20
1.14.5 CONDUIT AND BOXES .............................................................................................. 1-20
1.14.6 CONDUCTORS .......................................................................................................... 1-21
1.14.7 WIRING DEVICES ...................................................................................................... 1-21
1.14.8 LIGHTING FIXTURES ................................................................................................. 1-21
1.14.9 PANELBOARDS ......................................................................................................... 1-21
1.14.10 GOVERNMENT RETAINED EQUIPMENT ................................................................... 1-22

1.14.11 CONTINUITY OF SERVICE.......................................................................................... 1-22

1.14.12 COMPATIBILITY ........................................................................................................ 1-22

1.1 PURPOSE
This manual is intended as a guide for electrical engineers and designers (hereafter referred as
the A/E) for the planning and design of the electrical power distribution and related systems
(hereinafter referred to as systems) at Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities which are
designed and constructed with VA construction budget, as well as owned, operated and
maintained by VA.
VA requires the A/E to read, understand, and use this manual in the planning and design of the
systems in VA owned construction projects – major, minor and non-recurring-maintenance
(NRM).
In order to provide the latitude needed to incorporate new technologies and concepts, or to
accommodate adverse existing construction conditions, technical deviations from the
stipulations of this manual may be made. Deviation request(s) may be made only if a safe,
reliable, and energy-efficient design shall result. Such deviation request(s) must be approved
by VA’s Contracting Officer (CO) and Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The A/E shall submit
deviation request(s) in writing to CO and AHJ, through VA’s Project Manager (PM) and
Contracting Officer Representative (COR). Veterans Health Administration (VHA) may require
specific web-based procedure for this action; therefore, the A/E shall confirm specific
procedure to submit deviation request(s) with CO, PM and COR.
At the minimum, request for deviation(s) shall contain the following elements:
• Narrative detailing reasons for the deviations
• Narrative detailing the design and technical information relating to the deviations
• Statement affirming that deviations shall comply with all public laws, federal
regulations, executive orders, and latest applicable codes
• Design drawings of the deviations (if applicable)
• Engineering calculations (if applicable)
• Estimate of cost impact caused by the deviations
• Estimate of schedule impact caused by the deviations
• Supporting documents such as existing site survey photographs, drawings and
documents (if applicable)
Deviation request(s) shall be considered approved only after the A/E has received the written
approval with signature from CO and AHJ.
1.2 RESPONSIBILITY
The A/E shall provide all necessary professional services to perform planning and design of the
systems for the project. The A/E shall be responsible and liable for the professional design in
accordance with the contract, safe and practical engineering practices, applicable VA design

criteria, VA project-specific requirements (if any), and latest applicable codes. The A/E shall be
responsible and liable for the content of the construction contract document.
1.3 AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION

The Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) for VHA is the Deputy Undersecretary for Operations
and Management (DUSHOM), or his/her designee. Due to the nature of change in personnel
and contact information in VA, AHJ and his/her contact information may not be constant.
Therefore, the A/E shall obtain AHJ’s name and contact information from CO, PM or COR.
1.4 COORDINATION
(a) The A/E shall coordinate planning and design work with all disciplines such as architectural,
structural, civil, site utility & site work, telecommunications / data, HVAC, plumbing,
medical air, fire protection / alarm system, and LEED/Sustainable designs, as applicable.
The A/E shall carefully focus on concealed and underground construction areas, and site
utility coordination. The A/E shall coordinate and provide electrical design for all electrically
operated equipment shown on other disciplines’ drawings. For example, the A/E shall
provide adjustable frequency drives for motors as required on the mechanical drawings;
provide branch circuit power to terminal units, terminal unit fans, smoke dampers, control
panels and other auxiliaries; and provide branch circuit power to medical gas alarm panels.
(b) Utility Coordination:
(1) For projects requiring new electrical service, the A/E shall coordinate requirements with
the local utility service company. The Contractor’s scope of work, as it relates to the
service, shall be detailed in the Construction Documents. The A/E shall forward copies
of all correspondence and minutes of meetings with the utility company's
representatives to CO, PM and COR regarding negotiations for new services or making
changes to the existing services.
(2) For renovations of and/or additions to existing buildings, the A/E shall investigate and
confirm the existing electrical service/distribution system. The A/E shall determine
whether existing electrical power capacity is available to accommodate new loads. If
applicable, the A/E shall inform the electric utility company of the new service
requirements and additional loads.
(3) The A/E shall show on civil utility drawings, for coordination purposes, all -major site
electrical power distribution components, such as medium voltage and low voltage
electrical power feeders, ductbanks, and manholes.
(c) Pre-Design Site Survey: For renovation projects, the A/E shall perform the following tasks:
(1) Electrical Load Monitoring: Investigate the existing electrical service/distribution system
and determine whether existing electrical power capacity is available to accommodate
the new loads. Determining of existing loads shall be as required by the NFPA 70 -
National Electrical Code (NEC).

(2) Existing Electrical Installation: Investigate and record all existing field electrical
installations such as existing underground ductbanks, manholes, concealed conduit
runs, conduit types/sizes, cable types/sizes, panelboard types/sizes, electrical
equipment locations, etc., which potentially impact the new installation.
1.5 VA DESIGN CRITERIA

Latest pertinent standards of VA’s Office of Construction and Facilities Management Technical
Information Library (TIL) shall be used and complied with for the design. Some of the major
standards are:
1.5.1 MASTER SPECIFICATIONS (PG-18-1)

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/spec.asp
Purpose
Defines a standardized method for the A/E to ensure that the contractor provides equipment
and systems that meet the design intent in terms of performance, quality, and cost.
The Specifications accomplish this by:
• Providing specific narrative descriptions of required equipment, salient elements, and
system construction
• Listing applicable standards and codes and references
• Requiring individual submittal of equipment and systems for review and approval prior
to contractor purchase
• Defining specific installation methods to be used
1.5.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES (PG-18-3)

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/cPro.asp
Purpose
Establishes minimum consistent design/construction practices.
The Procedures accomplish this by:
• Referencing applicable codes and policies
• Describing standard drawing formats
• Listing security strategies
• Including miscellaneous design details
1.5.3 NATIONAL CAD STANDARD, VHA APPLICATION GUIDE & STANDARD DETAILS (PG-18-
4)
Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/sDetail.asp

Purpose
VHA Application Guide adopts the NIBS National CAD Standard, establishes VA-specific drafting
standards for the preparation of design and construction documents, and provides utility and
sheet template files and standard construction details, organized by discipline, for use in design
and construction documents for VA projects.
1.5.4 EQUIPMENT GUIDE LIST (PG-18-5)

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/equip.asp
Purpose
Information for planning and developing requirements for contractor purchased and installed
equipment for VA construction projects.
1.5.5 DESIGN MANUALS (PG-18-10)

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/dManual.asp
Purpose
To convey the general and specific VA design philosophy for medical and support facilities.
The Manuals accomplish this by:
• Explaining specific design methodologies
• Listing acceptable system types
• Setting the overall energy consumption target
• Codifying certain code interpretations
• Listing values for design parameters
• Referencing certain sections of the Master Specification and Standard Details
• Containing examples of certain design elements
Note: The A/E shall submit to CO, PM and COR a list of Design Manuals, with each Design
Manual’s TIL posted date, on the date of design contract award.
1.5.6 DESIGN GUIDES (PG-18-12)

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/dGuide.asp
Purpose
Provides the A/E with specific layout templates and medical equipment lists for all types of
spaces/uses, and specific design parameters for structural, electrical, and mechanical service.
The Design Guides accomplish this by:
• Publishing design narrative

• Including functional diagrams and layout plates

• Listing standards
1.5.7 DESIGN SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS (PG-18-15)

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/aeDesSubReq.asp
Purpose
To provide a staged listing of tasks in various design categories to define the A/E scope, in order
to ensure thorough and timely completion of the final design package and bid documents.
The Instructions accomplish this by:
• Progressively listing tasks as Schematic, Design Development, and Construction
Documents stages
• Requiring task completion and submission for each stage according to a Critical Path
Method (CPM) calendar
• Implementation of a QA/QC process to ensure a quality design product
• Requiring life-cycle analysis of alternatives in order to optimize the design/cost tradeoff
• Listing and detailing all the drawings, calculations, and specifications required for a
complete design package
• Indicating the final distribution of bid documents
1.5.8 DESIGN REVIEW CHECKLISTS

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/aeDesSubReq.asp
Purpose
Provides the VA Peer Reviewer, CO, PM and COR with a minimum list of critical items, which
must be included in each A/E submission.
The Checklist accomplishes this by:
• Referring to all applicable VA design tools which apply to the specific project
• Detailing certain Life Safety and coordination requirements
1.5.9 DESIGN ALERTS

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alertDesign.asp
Purpose
Communicates current design issues and solutions.
The Design Alerts accomplish this by:
• Publishing periodic alert memos

• Summarizing design solutions
1.5.10 STANDARDS ALERTS

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alert.asp
Purpose
This category of Alert serves to identify innovative and broad ranging Standards and Design
processes and procedures that have a major impact on the VA's goal of delivering world-class
facilities
The Standards Alerts accomplish this by:
• Publishing alerts with focus on specific procedure and innovation.
1.5.11 PHYSICAL SECURITY DESIGN MANUAL

Purpose
Sets physical security standards for facilities required to continue operation during a natural or
man-made extreme event and for facilities that are required to protect the life safety of
patients and staff in an emergency.
The Manual accomplishes this by:
• Setting objectives for physical security
• Providing strategies for use in design and construction to provide protection to VA
facilities
• Providing cost-effective design criteria
1.5.12 COST ESTIMATING MANUAL

Purpose
To convey the general and specific VA cost estimating philosophy for medical facilities.
• Explaining specific estimating methodologies
• Presenting examples of certain design elements
1.5.13 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN MANUAL

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/sustain.asp

Purpose
This manual identifies the seven sustainability goals outlined in the Federal Mandates, and
maps each goal to the appropriate LEED strategy for implementation. Possible methods to
achieve the goals, budget considerations, case studies, and checklists are also included.
• Prescribing the use of integrated design practices
• Providing strategies for optimization of energy performance
• Providing strategies for protection and conservation of water resources
• Providing strategies for enhancement of indoor environmental quality
• Providing strategies for reduction of environmental impact of materials
1.5.14 SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (H-18-8)

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/seismic.asp
Purpose
Policies established to ensure that all new and existing VA hospital facilities in seismic areas are
designed to remain operational after an earthquake.
1.5.15 FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN MANUAL

Purpose
Provides fire protection design criteria, including fire alarm requirements.
1.5.16 VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM

The VA Hospital Building System (VAHBS) is a methodology based on a modular concept for
planning, designing, and constructing hospitals.
The methodology has been used nationwide with success in capital and operating cost
containment, shortened delivery schedules, and improved space utilization flexibility. All new
and replacement VA hospital buildings should use the VAHBS system. Also consider using this
system for major additions to existing hospitals where future adaptability is an important
factor.
The A/E will find that systems schematic/design development efforts will occur much earlier in
the overall planning/design process, due to the modular concept. Equipment selection and
main distribution sizing should be evaluated as soon as the size and number of modules is
determined.
See VHA Program Guide PG-18-3, Design and Construction Procedures, Topic 3, VA Hospital
Building System for further guidance.

1.5.17 COMPUTER AIDED FACILITIES MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS (CAFM)

VA intends to implement Computer Aided Facility Management (CAFM) systems in all new and
replacement hospital construction, and in all existing hospitals, as feasible. The CAFM concept
requires that all pertinent data regarding a facility be contained in a master digital database,
accessible by facilities personnel at their workstations for use in operations, energy/cost
management, and maintenance, and for planning modifications in facility infrastructure due to
space utilization changes.
1.6 VA BIM STANDARD

Located in Technical Information Library at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/bim/BIM-Manual.pdf
Purpose
The goal of VA’s use of BIM for new facilities is to deliver value in quality, timeliness, cost, and
to maximize building performance during operations.
1.7 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS
1.7.1 GENERAL
The A/E shall use and comply with latest pertinent Codes, Standards and Executive Orders for
the design. Refer to PG-18-3, Topic 1, Codes, Standards and Executive Orders. Unless
otherwise indicated by VA criteria, use the latest Codes and Standards of the following
organizations:
(a) American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
(b) American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)
(c) Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA)
(d) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
(e) International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Standards for Protocols and Interfaces
that include Open System Interconnections (OSI)
(f) Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), Environment of
Care Guidelines and Standards
(g) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): the A/E shall pay particular attention to the
following publications:
• NFPA 20 - Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
• NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code
• NFPA 70 B - Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance
• NFPA 70 E - Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
• NFPA 72 - National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code

• NFPA 77 - Recommended Practice on Static Electricity

• NFPA 99 - Health Care Facilities Code
• NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code
• NFPA 110 - Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems
• NFPA 111 - Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems
• NFPA 780 - Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems
(h) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
(i) Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (UL)
1.7.2 LOCAL CODES AND CONDITIONS

The A/E shall bring to the attention of CO, PM and COR, in writing, local and regional climatic
and geographic conditions, and provisions of local building codes that are significantly different
from the codes and standards listed above. The A/E shall provide CO, PM and COR, in writing,
with specific information on how the proposed design will reflect these conditions and codes.
The A/E shall focus on local codes, code amendments, and/or conditions related to coastal,
hurricane-prone, arctic, or seismically-active regions, or other climatic or regional conditions
that warrant additional measures to protect the integrity of systems.
1.7.3 LOCAL UTILITY

The A/E shall follow the rules and regulations of the local electric power utility company, known
herewith as utility company, where applicable. The A/E shall investigate potential rebates or
incentives offered by the utility company for the installation and use of energy saving
equipment.
1.8 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

(a) All conductors, transformer windings, and bussing in electrical power distribution system
components shall be copper.
(b) Motors rated 1/2 HP and higher shall be 3-phase. Design and specifications shall be based
upon 200V (volt) motors for 208V systems and 460V motors for 480V systems.
(c) Provide detailed schedules for switchgear, switchboards, distribution panelboards, branch-
circuit panelboards, and motor control centers on the drawings. At a minimum, the
schedules shall indicate equipment ratings, enclosure type, load descriptions, interrupting
ratings, breaker/starter sizes, and connected and demand loads in kVA by phase. The A/E
shall determine probable equipment sizes from several manufacturers. The A/E shall
consider largest dimensions, and heaviest weights among all qualified manufacturers to
ensure that working clearance requirements, space for future installations, and structural
requirements are satisfied. The A/E shall ascertain that the electrical rooms are sufficiently
sized to accommodate all electrical equipment.

(d) Specifications and CAD Standard Details:

The A/E shall include applicable specifications as part of the construction document. The A/E
shall include applicable details in the construction document. The A/E shall follow the guidance
below:
• VA Master Specifications have been developed for typical electrical work. The A/E shall
edit the appropriate sections to meet the project scope of work and specific project
requirements, and latest applicable codes, at the time of project design.
• The A/E shall carefully coordinate specifications with the drawings so that all work
required by the drawings is included in the specifications. Specification content that
does not apply to the project shall be deleted.
• The A/E shall develop specifications for any system or equipment not addressed by the
VA Master Specifications.
• VA Master Electrical CAD Standard Details (PG-18-4 Division 26) have been developed
for typical electrical work. The A/E shall edit appropriate standard detail(s) to be
consistent with the project’s specifications, specific project requirements, and in
compliance with latest applicable codes, at the time of project design.
1.9 CRITERIA UNIQUE TO VA
1.9.1 DRAWINGS
(a) Refer to VA Design and Construction Procedures (PG-18-3), Topic 2 – Drawings, and the VA
NCS Application Guide, for general drawing requirements.
(b) Consolidate notes and place them on the right-hand side of the sheet.
(c) Show scale, compass point, orientation, key plan, title, column grids and numbers,
matchlines, room numbers, and titles corresponding to the Architectural drawings.
(d) Provide large-scale (minimum 1/4"=1') partial plans for areas such as Electrical Rooms,
Generator Rooms, Main Computer Room, Telephone Equipment Room,
Telecommunications Rooms, and Mechanical Equipment Rooms.
(e) It is mandatory to show the number of wires in each branch circuit conduit on the plans.
Include the number of wires in all interconnecting conduits for all wiring devices, fixtures,
and equipment.
(f) Provide 1/4-inch scale details of special equipment spaces, such as Laboratories, Radiology,
Dietetic Areas, Surgical Rooms, Electrical Rooms, and Telecommunications Rooms.
(g) Conduit runs for all feeder circuits shall be shown on plans as close to the location of final
installations as possible to avoid field installation conflicts which are likely to cause costly
construction change orders and delays. These conduit runs shall be shown to run in parallel
with the building outline and be coordinated with existing field conditions and new
installations of electrical and other systems. These conduit runs shall have the appropriate

number of pullboxes located at appropriate distances to facilitate efficient installation and

maintenance.
(h) Branch circuit homeruns shall not have more than three circuits. Combining circuits is
prohibited.
(i) At a minimum, the construction documents shall contain diagrams of the following systems:
• Essential Electrical System Distribution (Riser Diagram)
• Primary Service and Primary System Distribution (One-line Diagram)
• Grounding Systems and components for the medium/low voltage service
switchgears/switchboards to the low voltage distribution panels (One-line Diagram),
including but not limited to grounding electrodes, grounding electrode conductors,
grounded conductors, ground bus, bonding jumpers, and equipment grounding
conductors
• Secondary System Distribution (Riser Diagram)
• Secondary System Distribution (One-line Diagram)
• Grounding Riser Diagram for Essential and Normal Power Systems
• Protective Relaying System, Power Monitoring, and Control System (One-line Diagram)
1.9.2 SEQUENCE OF ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS

• Symbols and Abbreviations
• Demolition Plans
• Electrical Site Plan(s)
• Lighting Plans
• Power Plans
• Lightning Protection Plans (may be combined with roof and ground floor/site power
plans on projects with few lightning protection components)
• Other Plans (if applicable)
• One-line Diagrams and Riser Diagrams
• Details
• Schedules, Summary Load Studies, Lighting Fixture Schedule
1.9.3 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

Use only the abbreviations and symbols shown in the VA Standard Details (PG-18-4) and the
NCS Application Guide.

1.9.4 PROPRIETARY ITEMS

Do not use trade names or other indications that identify a product of an individual
manufacturer on any project, unless specifically approved by CO, in writing, and as follows:
• Where necessary to identify existing equipment.
• Where an existing system is to be extended and competitive manufacturers cannot
meet performance or dimensional requirements.
• Where required by a public utility or municipal system as a condition of its services,
construction specifications developed by the A/E shall state this condition.
1.10 CALCULATIONS
1.10.1 GENERAL
It is the responsibility of the A/E to prepare and submit, or specify calculations, study and
analysis as required by the type of design work performed. Calculations shall justify electrical
designs; size of each conductor, raceway, overcurrent protective device, equipment bus,
generator, transformer, etc.; setting of each overcurrent protective device with adjustable
characteristic; required personal protective equipment (PPE) to meet arc flash energy levels;
etc. It is the responsibility of the A/E to determine which calculations to perform and which
calculations to specify for the Contractor to perform. Not all calculation types shall be required
for all projects. CO, PM or COR reserves the right to request additional calculations to meet
project scope and requirements.
The selection of specific electrical power equipment manufacturer in the design phase is likely
to occur only in unusual circumstances with the intent to mitigate urgent VA needs. If specific
electrical power equipment manufacturer is selected during the design phase, the A/E shall
prepare and perform Fault Current, Protective Device Coordination, and Arc Flash calculations,
study and analysis. The A/E shall use the Master Specification Section 26 05 73, OVERCURRENT
PROTECTIVE DEVICE COORDINATION STUDY, as a basis to perform these tasks. The A/E shall
provide written reports of all calculations, study and analysis to CO, PM, COR and the
Contractor. The A/E shall coordinate and collaborate with CO, PM, COR, the Contractor, and
the selected equipment manufacturer in setting and adjusting the electrical power equipment
according to the results of the calculations, study and analysis. The purpose is to ensure that
the manufacturer’s equipment functions and operates safely as intended.
However, in a typical major and minor project, electrical power equipment manufacturer is not
selected during the design phase. Selection of electrical power equipment manufacturer occurs
during the construction phase, and this information is not available to the A/E during the design
phase. Due to the different electrical characteristics of different manufacturers of the same
equipment, not knowing the selected equipment manufacturer during the design phase
impedes the A/E’s ability to perform the Protective Device Selective Coordination and Arc Flash
calculations and analysis effectively. In order to mitigate this issue, the A/E shall include Master
Specification Section 26 05 73 in the construction contract document, and follow additional
guidance listed in Sections 1.10.2, 1.10.3 and 1.10.4.

1.10.2 FAULT CURRENT CALCULATIONS

The A/E shall prepare and submit calculations to CO, PM and COR for major, minor and NRM
project at the design phase. The available fault currents shall be included on the one-line
diagram and/or riser diagrams. The available fault current (expressed in amperes, RMS
symmetrical) shall be shown at each bus and electrical equipment such as switchgears,
switchboards, distribution panelboards, panelboards, overcurrent protective device and
transformer in the system. Supporting calculations (such as those resulting from a SKM
PowerTools™ analysis) that justify the summary available fault currents on the one-line diagram
and/or riser diagrams shall be submitted to CO, PM and COR separately in 8.5" x 11" hard-copy,
and PDF format.
1.10.3 PROTECTIVE DEVICE COORDINATION CALCULATIONS

Unlike Fault Current calculations, Protective Device Coordination calculations and study is
dependent on specific electrical data produced by the selected electrical equipment
manufacturer. The A/E is unlikely to perform this task accurately and effectively without
knowing the selected electrical equipment manufacturer in the design phase. Therefore, in a
typical major and minor project, the A/E is not required to perform the Protective Device
Coordination calculations and study during the design phase. However, the A/E shall include
the Specification Section 26 05 73 in the construction contract document. For NRM project,
due to the reason that the electrical equipment is similar in manufacturer, size, type and
capacity as the replaced equipment, Protective Device Coordination calculations and study in
the design phase is required.
During the submittal review period in the construction phase of major and minor projects, the
A/E shall perform submittal review and analyze contractor’s submittals required in the
Specification Section 26 05 73. The A/E shall inform CO, PM and COR of any deficiency in
calculations and reports shown in the submittals that potentially affect the safety and function
of the systems. The A/E shall recommend mitigating actions to CO, PM and COR, if needed.
The A/E shall coordinate and collaborate with CO, PM and COR, the Contractor, and the
selected equipment manufacturer in setting and adjusting of the protective devices and related
equipment to ensure safe and functional systems.
1.10.4 ARC FLASH CALCULATIONS

Arc Flash calculations and analysis is dependent on the results of the Protective Device
Coordination calculations and study. Notably, the actual protective device clearing time is
essential for Arc Flash calculations and analysis. Therefore, in a typical VA major and minor
project, the A/E is not required to perform the Arc Flash calculations and analysis during the
design phase. However, the A/E shall include the Specification Section 26 05 73 in the
construction contract document. For NRM project, due to the reason that the electrical
equipment is likely to be similar in manufacturer, size, type and capacity as the replaced
equipment, Arc Flash calculations and analysis in the design phase is required.
During the submittal review period in the construction phase of major and minor project, the
A/E shall perform submittal review and analyze the Contractor’s submittals required in the

Specification Section 26 05 73. The A/E shall inform CO, PM and COR of any deficiency in
calculations and reports shown in the submittals that potentially affect the safety and function
of the systems. The A/E shall recommend mitigating actions to CO, PM and COR. The A/E shall
coordinate and collaborate with CO, PM and COR, the Contractor and selected equipment
manufacturer in the process of finalizing information for arc flash calculation and analysis.
1.10.5 LOAD CALCULATIONS

Prepare and submit load calculations that justify the size of each branch circuit and feeder,
overcurrent protective device, transformer, and equipment bus (panelboard, switchboard,
switchgear, automatic transfer switch, etc.). Calculations shall be performed at all voltage
levels. The method of calculation shall be clearly presented in the drawings, including all
applicable NEC diversity factors and non-coincident loads and their employment at various
levels of the electrical system, as well as the capacity reserved for future load. Calculations may
be in panel schedule and switchboard schedule format. It shall be possible for the VA reviewer
to follow the load flow from the lowest level to the highest level of the riser and one-line
diagrams.
1.10.6 GENERATOR SIZING CALCULATIONS

Prepare and submit generator sizing report to CO, PM and COR. The report is intended to
justify the size and type of each generator or paralleled fleet of generators, including but not
limited to all loads downstream of the generator set(s) and the sizing impacts of proposed load
steps, significant motor loads, non-linear loads, and capacity reserved for future loads. If
applicable under NEC Article 517, demand factors and historical data used to justify generator
set(s) sizing shall be clearly presented. The A/E may utilize computer software available
through domestic and reputable generator manufacturers.
At the minimum, the report shall consist of:
• Detailed electrical load calculation for systems such as lighting, air conditioner, chiller,
cooling towers, battery charger, imaging and medical equipment, motor, fire pump,
UPS, shop machinery, general receptacle etc.
• Generator set requirements such as duty, voltage, phase, voltage dips etc.
• Load running and surge requirements
• Generator set configuration
• The A/E’s recommendations and justifications of the selected generator set
1.10.7 VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS

Prepare and submit calculations demonstrating compliance with the following voltage drop
limits: 2% for feeders and 3% for branch circuits, taken at design load.

1.10.8 HARMONIC DISTORTION CALCULATIONS

For Energy Center projects only. Prepare and submit calculations estimating the voltage and
current total harmonic distortion (THD) for buses rich in non-linear loads, typically Energy
Center switchboards which feed large horsepower pump motors controlled by adjustable speed
drives. Use these calculations to justify active or passive components to mitigate harmonic
distortion.
1.10.9 LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATIONS

Prepare and submit calculations as described in Annex L Lightning Risk Assessment of NFPA
780.
1.11 SEISMIC BRACING
1.11.1 REFERENCES
Refer to H-18-8, "VA Seismic Design Requirements." Coordinate with the Structural Engineer
so that seismic bracing is provided as required.
1.11.2 DRAWINGS
Contract drawings shall show the detail methods of anchoring electrical equipment. Drawings
shall include the size, number, and type of anchors and fasteners to be used to secure the
equipment against the seismic forces and to meet codes. Calculations for equipment anchoring
shall be performed by a licensed structural engineer.
1.11.3 EQUIPMENT BRACING

Refer to Section 13 05 41 for seismic bracing requirements. Typically, all lighting and power
equipment, and related enclosures shall be seismically braced and/or anchored.
1.12 TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Refer to PG-18-10, ELEVATOR DESIGN MANUAL for requirements. Refer to PG-18-10, FIRE
PROTECTION DESIGN MANUAL for fire alarm connection requirements.
1.13 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

Refer to PG-18-10, FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN MANUAL for requirements. Fire alarm system
design is the responsibility of the Fire Protection Engineer. The A/E shall only be responsible to
perform electrical design for the fire alarm and protection systems. The electrical design is
limited only to the type, size of the branch circuit, and wiring connection to the fire alarm and
protection panels.

1.14 RENOVATION TO EXISTING SITES AND BUILDINGS
1.14.1 DRAWINGS
For renovation projects, separate demolition drawings are required for all areas involved in the
project. Specific detailing of interfaces between renovated and existing-to-remain conditions
shall be clearly indicated on the drawings. The A/E shall fully describe existing equipment
affected by a renovation project, including but not limited to existing equipment manufacturer,
model, voltage, amperage, and A/C ratings, description, new devices installed, new wires and
cables terminated, etc.
1.14.2 MODIFICATION VERSUS REPLACEMENT

Where equipment must be modified to be physically utilized in a project, the following items
must be evaluated:
(a) Can the government look to one manufacturer for final responsibility of the modified
equipment?
(b) Is there a legitimate cost saving by modifying the existing equipment rather than installing
new equipment?
(c) What is the impact on operation and safety during and after construction?
(d) Will the equipment retain a valid UL-listing after modification?
1.14.3 AGE AND PHYSICAL CONDITION

(a) The length of time in service and physical condition of wiring, devices, and equipment shall
be reviewed prior to considering reuse.
(b) The equipment shall be capable of remaining in use for a minimum of 15 years of additional
life or having 60% of remaining life. If not, the equipment shall be replaced.
(c) Where equipment has been in operation, physical inspection of terminals, insulation,
switching contacts, control wiring, etc., shall be performed by the A/E, The A/E shall make
recommendations for re-use of the equipment to CO, PM and COR.
1.14.4 PARTS AVAILABILITY

(a) After the A/E's site surveys, the availability of spare parts for existing equipment shall be
determined.
(b) Where the project involves extending of an existing system but the existing equipment
spare parts are not available, the A/E shall inform CO, PM and COR in writing of the
situation. The A/E shall provide CO, PM and COR with written recommendations to mitigate
the situation within 48 hours after the site surveys.
1.14.5 CONDUIT AND BOXES

(a) Conduit and boxes shall be removed from existing walls that are to be demolished.

(b) Conduit and boxes in existing walls that are to remain shall be abandoned in place (if not
reused) and the boxes shall be provided with blank covers.
(c) Conduit not intended for reuse in existing or new ceilings shall be removed back to the
power, telecommunications, or signal system source from which it originates.
(d) Conduit run in the existing concrete slab shall be saw-cut off as it enters the slab, and then
sealed with approved sealant to prevent moisture access.
1.14.6 CONDUCTORS
(a) The A/E may provide requirement on the drawings to have the existing conductors
meggered to ensure insulation integrity. Existing conductors that visually have sign of
deteriorated or damaged insulation shall be replaced with new.
(b) All abandoned conductors or conductors shall be removed back to the nearest junction box.
Where the entire circuit is to be removed, the conductors shall be removed back to the
power, telecommunications, or signal system source from which they originate.
(c) New conductors shall not be installed in existing conduit with existing conductors.
1.14.7 WIRING DEVICES

(a) Remove devices that are not to be reused. Wiring is to be removed in its entirety. Boxes
shall be blanked.
(b) Existing receptacles and switches in good operating condition, located at accessible
locations, may be reused. Non-Hospital Grade receptacles shall be replaced in all-patient
areas with Hospital Grade receptacles.
(c) Existing GFCI receptacles shall be replaced with new GFCI receptacles with self-test feature.
1.14.8 LIGHTING FIXTURES

(a) Lighting fixtures that cannot be reused shall be removed, including their associated wiring
to ceiling-mounted junction boxes.
(b) Per Master Construction Specification requirements, fluorescent fixtures determined to be
reusable in new or existing ceilings shall be cleaned, re-lamped, re-lensed, and re-ballasted
prior to being put back to service. LED fixtures shall be replaced with new. Where existing
exit signs are non-LED type, they shall be removed and replaced with an LED-type fixture.
1.14.9 PANELBOARDS
(a) Consider panelboards for reuse if physical condition, voltage, current and interrupting
ratings, and circuit capacity requirements are met.
(b) Panelboards shall be installed in new or existing electrical rooms and closets. Panelboards
shall not be installed in the corridor without written approval from CO, PM or COR. Refer to
other sections of this manual for requirements.

(c) In major secondary distribution renovation projects, existing panelboard backboxes may be
used as pullboxes for branch circuit transfer. All branch circuit conductors shall be tagged
to identify the circuit number to which they are being transferred in the new panel. Provide
clear requirements in the contract documents directing the Contractor to revise the circuit
numbers on all junction and device boxes, and wall plates for the entire run.
1.14.10 GOVERNMENT RETAINED EQUIPMENT

After consulting with CO, PM and COR, the A/E shall determine if the following items shall be
retained by the government. The A/E shall provide CO, PM and COR with a list of existing
equipment to be retained:
• Disconnects of 100A (amperes) Motors and larger
• Fire Alarm Devices
• Panelboards and Circuit Breakers
• Special Lighting Fixtures
• Special Receptacles
• Transformers
• Power components installed to provide temporary construction electrical service (if not
the property of the Contractor)
1.14.11 CONTINUITY OF SERVICE

(a) Electrical power services passing through construction area shall be maintained throughout
the construction period.
(b) All circuits serving areas adjacent to the construction area that are modified, as part of the
construction project, shall be re-circuited as part of the construction project.
(c) Provide temporary and/or modify existing lighting and power, and related services as
required for construction-period’s Interim Life Safety measures.
1.14.12 COMPATIBILITY
(a) New equipment installed shall be compatible with existing components and systems to
which it interfaces.
(b) Electrical sequence of phasing and frequency for 3-phase system shall be compatible and
consistent with the existing electrical power distribution system.

CHAPTER 2: RACEWAYS, WIRING, AND EQUIPMENT

2.1 RACEWAYS ................................................................................................................. 2-3
2.1.1 CONCEALED AND EXPOSED........................................................................................ 2-3
2.1.2 UNDERGROUND DUCTS AND CONDUITS................................................................... 2-3
2.1.3 SPARE CONDUITS ....................................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.4 UNDERFLOOR DUCT SYSTEMS ................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.5 IMAGING ROOMS....................................................................................................... 2-4
2.1.6 POKE-THRUS/POWER POLES ..................................................................................... 2-5
2.1.7 ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION AREA ..................................................................... 2-5
2.2 GROUNDING .............................................................................................................. 2-5
2.2.1 GROUNDING ELECTRODES ......................................................................................... 2-5
2.2.2 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTORS ................................................................. 2-5
2.2.3 METAL CURTAIN WALL GROUNDING ........................................................................ 2-5
2.3 LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM ............................................................................. 2-6
2.4 MOTOR DISCONNECT SWITCHES ............................................................................... 2-6
Raceways, Wiring, and Equipment 2-1

2.1 RACEWAYS
Install all wiring such as feeders, and branch circuit wirings in raceways. Raceways shall be as
specified in PG-18-1, Master Construction Specifications, Division 26. Raceway shall comply
with the definition of the NEC Article 100.
2.1.1 CONCEALED AND EXPOSED

(a) Exposed conduit is acceptable where finished ceilings are not provided. Wherever it is
impractical to conceal conduits, due to economic considerations or the need to
accommodate existing field conditions, the A/E shall consult with CO, PM and COR to
determine acceptable alternatives.
(b) Electrical conduits may be installed in concrete walls and floors.
(c) Surface metal raceways shall not be installed on the floor. Services to equipment in open
non-patient care areas shall be served from under the slab, or through tele/power poles
wired from the ceiling.
(d) Primary-voltage feeders shall not be exposed on the exterior of buildings.
2.1.2 UNDERGROUND DUCTS AND CONDUITS

(a) Generally, encase underground ducts and conduits in concrete. Direct burial conduit may
be allowed in the design only for outdoor lighting and power branch circuits.
(b) The A/E shall make project-specific recommendations for reducing the concrete
encasement requirement for certain ducts or conduits. The A/E shall consider the
importance and physical security needs of the ducts or conduits involved. Ducts or conduits
containing Essential Electrical System wiring shall not be exempt from the concrete
encasement requirement.
2.1.3 SPARE CONDUITS

Where electrical capacity is reserved for future use, such as bussed space in panelboards,
motor control centers, switchboards, and switchgear of all voltage levels, and where under-slab
or underground conduit is used, the A/E shall provide spare under-slab or underground
conduits to an accessible point. The number and size of conduits shall be appropriate to the
equipment and amount of bussed space served.
2.1.4 UNDERFLOOR DUCT SYSTEMS

In order to facilitate flexibility in cable installations to accommodate furniture system layouts, it
is an option for the A/E to incorporate a design of underfloor duct system in the project. If the
A/E considers exercising this option in the design, the following guidance shall be complied
with:

(a) For new construction of large office areas, underfloor power, telecommunications, and
signal systems ducts can be considered only for the following areas:
• Personnel Division
• Registrar Division
• Fiscal Division
• Supply Division
• Other - Any large open office spaces where future flexibility is desirable
(b) Provide duplex receptacle and telecommunications outlet fittings on the underfloor duct to
suit the furniture layout.
(c) Space the underfloor ducts 1.5 M (5 ft) on centers. In structural steel frame buildings, use
trench header and utilize the cellular steel as the raceway. Coordinate with the structural
engineer to ensure that the proper cells are enclosed for raceway use.
2.1.5 IMAGING ROOMS

(a) Radiology, nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rooms, and rooms with
similar functions are hereby known as Imaging Rooms. These rooms often require a
manufacturer-specific conduit and wiring trough system. If local VA Medical Center has
selected a manufacturer, the A/E shall base the design on the manufacturer’s shop
drawings. Otherwise, the A/E shall base the design on a typical and similar imaging
equipment system for bidding purposes.
(b) The A/E shall provide the following details on the electrical plans for the Imaging Room(s):
• Power Plan: the A/E shall provide complete design for general use receptacles, and
electrical outlets. The A/E shall show main circuit and related equipment servicing the
imaging equipment. The A/E shall confirm imaging equipment power requirement with
manufacturer’s shop drawings. The A/E shall verify with equipment manufacturer on
the type of electrical power system that the imaging equipment is required to be
connected to.
• Lighting Plan: the A/E shall provide complete lighting design. The A/E shall coordinate
lighting locations with imaging equipment shop drawings and drawings from other
design disciplines to avoid conflict in field installation.
• Imaging Equipment Raceway Layout Plans: the A/E shall show all surface-mounted and
recess-mounted raceway systems. In the patient area, only recess-mounted raceway
systems shall be used. The A/E shall show wiring tags for all raceway runs. The A/E shall
coordinate existing field conditions, locations, sizes, and quantities of raceways and
cables shown on manufacturer’s shop drawings with drawings from other trades to
avoid conflict in field installation.

• Imaging Equipment Wiring Schedule: the A/E shall show a schedule for all wiring tags
indicating wiring destinations and locations/sizes/types/quantities of all raceways and
wirings.
• Imaging Equipment Shop Drawings: the A/E shall confirm that the proposed imaging
equipment layout as shown on manufacturer’s shop drawings meets latest applicable
codes, regulations, and pre-existing building conditions. The A/E shall verity and
coordinate the design with Imaging Equipment Manufacturer’s representative to ensure
compliance with latest codes and regulations, and pre-existing building conditions.
2.1.6 POKE-THRUS/POWER POLES

In renovation projects for large administrative areas, use fire-rated poke-thru devices and/or
power poles, as determined by CO, PM and COR.
2.1.7 ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION AREA

Determine the extent of the NEC-classified area (if any) in the vicinity of ethylene oxide
sterilizers and provide an appropriate raceway system and devices.
2.2 GROUNDING
The grounding system shall be shown complete on the one-line diagram with all components
and descriptions from the medium- or low-voltage service to the low-voltage panels, as
applicable for each project. The grounding system shall be shown complete on the One-line
Diagram for the Normal, Standby, and/or Essential Electrical Systems, including but not limited
to generators, automatic transfer switches, electrical equipment, etc.
2.2.1 GROUNDING ELECTRODES

Galvanized steel or copper-clad steel electrodes may be used. All electrodes are to be of the
same material for the entire project.
2.2.2 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTORS

All raceways shall contain an equipment grounding conductor. Coordinate with VA Master
Specifications and show on the drawings.
2.2.3 METAL CURTAIN WALL GROUNDING

(a) To help ensure that personnel are not exposed to electrical shock, all exterior metal
sheathing of buildings shall be grounded.
(b) For buildings with perimeters not exceeding 76 M (250 ft) the sheathing perimeters shall be
grounded at diagonally opposite corners of the building.
(c) For buildings with perimeters exceeding 76 M (250 ft) the sheathing perimeters shall be
grounded such that the spacing between grounding points does not exceed 30 M (100 ft).

(d) A ground point shall consist of a driven ground rod and brazed connection to the building
sheath. A No. 6 AWG bare copper conductor shall be used to connect the sheath to the
ground rod.
(e) Where a lightning protection system is provided for the building, the sheath shall also be
bonded at each down conductor location.
2.3 LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

(a) Lightning protection is mandatory for all Mission Critical buildings. For non-Mission Critical
buildings, perform risk analysis per NFPA 780, Annex L, and provide a lightning protection
system where ND>NC. Submit calculations to CO, PM and COR.
(b) Lightning protection systems shall comply with NFPA 780 – Standard for the Installation of
Lightning Protection Systems, and NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code.
2.4 MOTOR DISCONNECT SWITCHES

Provide all motors with a local disconnect switch (unfused unless required otherwise) located at
the motor, at a maximum of 1.5 M (5 ft) away, or within line of sight. Clearly indicate this
requirement on the construction document.

CHAPTER 3: RECEPTACLE AND POWER REQUIREMENTS

3.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.2 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM CIRCUITS ................................................................. 3-3
3.3 RECEPTACLE CIRCUITS ............................................................................................... 3-3
3.4 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................. 3-3
3.4.1 GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER RECEPTACLES ............................................. 3-3
3.4.2 SURGICAL/OPERATING ROOMS ................................................................................. 3-3
3.4.3 ICU-CCU FOOT-WALL RECEPTACLES .......................................................................... 3-4
3.4.4 EXTERIOR ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLES ......................................................................... 3-4
3.4.5 WAITING, LOUNGE AND LOBBY AREAS ..................................................................... 3-5
3.4.6 ANIMAL SURGERY ROOMS (RESEARCH) .................................................................... 3-5
3.4.7 SELF-ILLUMINATED EMERGENCY RECEPTACLES ........................................................ 3-5
3.4.8 CORRIDORS ................................................................................................................ 3-5
3.4.9 KITCHENS ................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.4.10 OFFICES AND ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS ..................................................................... 3-5
3.4.11 LABORATORIES AND RESEARCH FACILITIES ............................................................... 3-6
3.4.12 PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION SERVICE ................................................ 3-6
3.4.13 PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT ROOMS .................................................................................. 3-6
3.4.14 STAIRWELLS................................................................................................................ 3-6
3.4.15 INTERSTITIAL SPACES ................................................................................................. 3-6
3.4.16 TV/CCTV POWER RECEPTACLES ................................................................................. 3-6
3.4.17 ELECTRICAL CLOSETS.................................................................................................. 3-6
3.4.18 MOTORIZED TREADMILLS .......................................................................................... 3-7
Receptacle and Power Requirements 3-1

3.1 GENERAL
(a) "Receptacle" refers to power duplex receptacles, except where single types are specifically
and clearly noted as single receptacles in the construction document. Provide receptacles,
ground fault current interrupter (GFCI) receptacles, or other special purpose receptacles, as
required by codes, project scope and requirements. All receptacles shall be duplex NEMA
5-20R unless otherwise noted. In patient care buildings, all receptacles shall be UL-listed as
Hospital Grade, in the size, type, and configuration required by codes, project scope and
requirements.
(b) The A/E shall refer to the appropriate Design Guide, where locations of most receptacle are
shown on floor plans.
3.2 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM CIRCUITS

Refer to CHAPTER 4, "ESSENTIAL AND STANDBY ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS," for devices to
be backed by an alternate source of power.
3.3 RECEPTACLE CIRCUITS

No more than six receptacles shall be installed on a single branch circuit for general use.
3.4 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.4.1 GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER RECEPTACLES

(a) GFCI receptacles shall have self-test feature.
(b) Provide GFCI receptacles at all locations required by NFPA 70 and 99. GFCI receptacles shall
not serve other receptacles from their load-side terminals.
3.4.2 SURGICAL/OPERATING ROOMS

(a) Refer to Surgical Service Design Guide for specific electrical guidance.
(b) Isolated Power System (IPS):
(1) In renovation projects that affect existing IPS, the A/E shall coordinate with CO, PM and
COR to determine whether to modify an existing IPS, or to remove it and install new IPS
and components. Normal power and Critical branch of the EES shall each be on its own
IPS.
(2) In new projects, IPS and components shall be designed and installed to render a
complete, safe and operational system complying with NFPA 70 and 99. Selected
receptacles shall be connected to the appropriate IPS.
(3) In specific case where members of VA healthcare governing body (i.e. VHA Healthcare
Technology Management, clinical, safety and engineering staff etc.) unanimously and
definitively determines that the surgical/operating room is not considered wet

procedure area as required and defined in the NFPA 99, the IPS design and installation is
optional. If such case occurs, the A/E shall obtain a written waiver from the VA
healthcare governing body and inform CO, PM and COR of the waiver in writing within
24 hours of the waiver receipt.
(c) Each receptacle shall be connected to an IPS on a dedicated circuit in a dedicated homerun
conduit, except for those receptacles mounted in the surgical booms or service columns,
which may be wired two to a circuit. Multiwire circuits are prohibited.
(d) GFCI receptacles are prohibited in surgical/operating rooms.
(e) Wall-mounted receptacles shall be 0.45 M (18 in) above the floor. Receptacles shall be
mounted in a combined power and ground modules. This module is a combination of
receptacles and ground jacks.
(f) The need for a dedicated IPS and special receptacles for surgical lasers or portable
equipment shall be determined on a project-by-project basis, and as required in the VA
Surgical Design Guide. The A/E shall confirm in writing the need of such equipment with
CO, PM and COR, in the design phase of the project.
3.4.3 ICU-CCU FOOT-WALL RECEPTACLES

Provide two receptacles on the footwall or side wall near the foot of beds in Intensive Care
cubicles or Isolation Rooms. Feed these receptacles from different circuits in the respective
Patient Bed Service Walls (PBSW). Refer to CHAPTER 6 for PBSW requirements.
3.4.4 EXTERIOR ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLES

Provide exterior GFCI receptacles mounted in NEMA 3R weatherproof enclosures with 25 M (75
ft) spacing maximum, at the locations listed below. Additional exterior receptacles shall be
provided in locations other than listed below, if required by project scope or requirements.
Exterior receptacles shall have dedicated branch circuits. Each dedicated branch circuit may
feed up to six exterior receptacles.
• Exterior walls of penthouses for maintenance of roof areas
• Major entrances to buildings
• Courtyards and enclosed (or partially enclosed) garden areas
• Loading docks and maintenance yards
• Major mechanical equipment enclosures
• Cooling towers
• Major service equipment enclosures
• Near sanitary sewer cleanouts close to building walls.

3.4.5 WAITING, LOUNGE AND LOBBY AREAS

Provide tamper-resistant receptacles every 2.4 M (8 ft) in waiting, lounge, and lobby areas.
3.4.6 ANIMAL SURGERY ROOMS (RESEARCH)

(a) Design operating rooms for non-flammable anesthetics only.
(b) Provide non-explosion proof, locking receptacles at ceiling locations and Hospital Grade
receptacles at wall locations.
(c) Provide eight single Hospital Grade power receptacles for general use at each table: four
flush-mounted in the ceiling (two at each end of the table), and four distributed along the
permanent wall(s) associated with the table.
(d) Provide one power receptacle on each wall mounted at 1.2 M (4 ft) above the floor.
(e) Provide portable X-ray outlet at 1.2 M (4 ft) above the floor.
(f) Provide X-ray film viewers at 1.2 M (4 ft) above the floor to the bottom of the unit, if
required by the project scope.
3.4.7 SELF-ILLUMINATED EMERGENCY RECEPTACLES

In rooms without general illumination on emergency power, emergency receptacles shall be of
the self-illuminated type. Night lights, pilot lights, and instrument lights are not considered
general illumination.
3.4.8 CORRIDORS
Provide receptacles for general use at no more than 15 M (50 ft) spacing and within 7.62 M (25
ft) of corridor ends., except those in Nursing Unit corridors, where receptacles shall be a
maximum of 12 M (40 ft) spacing. Corridor receptacles shall have dedicated branch circuits.
One dedicated branch circuit shall feed a maximum of six corridor receptacles.
3.4.9 KITCHENS
(a) Coordinate requirements with kitchen equipment list. Provide appropriate receptacles for
each cord-connected piece of kitchen equipment. Other equipment shall be permanently
wired using liquid tight flexible conduit.
(b) For equipment located on an island, provide island-mounted, waterproof, floor pedestal
type receptacles.
(c) Provide a means to disconnect electrical power to all equipment beneath Type I hoods if the
fire suppression is activated.
3.4.10 OFFICES AND ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS

(a) Small Rooms: Provide receptacles with 3 M (10 ft) maximum spacing as measured around
the floor line, excluding doorways. For all linear wall space 1.5 M (5 ft) and greater, provide
at least one receptacle for general and computer uses.

(b) Open Spaces and Large Rooms: Install receptacles for large administrative rooms in
underfloor raceways (if underfloor duck systems are considered in the design), or in
Tele/Power poles. Refer to SECTION 2.1.4, UNDERFLOOR DUCT SYSTEMS.
3.4.11 LABORATORIES AND RESEARCH FACILITIES

Refer to Research Laboratory Design Guide.
3.4.12 PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION SERVICE

(a) Occupational Therapy Preparation and Treatment Rooms, Occupational Therapy Clinics,
and Manual Arts Therapy Clinics: Provide heavy-duty multiple surface metal raceway 208V
and 120V receptacles at 1.2 M (2 ft) intervals on all walls, with their centerlines located 1 M
(40 in) above finished floor.
(b) Educational Therapy Classrooms: Provide light-duty 120V surface metal raceway
receptacles at 1 M (40 in) intervals on all walls, with centerlines located 1 M (40 in) above
finished floor.
(c) Other Receptacles: When appropriate, provide safety receptacles for other services in the
RMS Area. Flush-mount all floor receptacles in treatment areas with appropriate removable
covers.
3.4.13 PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT ROOMS

Provide tamper-resistant GFCI receptacles with beveled, metal-edged cover plates in psychiatric
patient rooms. Cover plates shall have tamper-proof screws. Psychiatric patient room
receptacles shall be on a dedicated circuit such that they may be shut off independently,
without affecting other rooms.
3.4.14 STAIRWELLS
Provide a receptacle for vacuum-cleaning on every other floor landing.
3.4.15 INTERSTITIAL SPACES

Provide receptacles every other column. Where catwalks are installed instead of a walk-on
platform, provide receptacles along the catwalks at 12 M (40 ft) spacing maximum. In addition,
provide receptacles at each entrance to the interstitial space.
3.4.16 TV/CCTV POWER RECEPTACLES

Provide a receptacle in conjunction with each CCTV camera, CCTV monitor, and TV receiver.
Such receptacles are not necessary where the equipment is low-voltage, powered by headend
equipment or Power over Ethernet (PoE).
3.4.17 ELECTRICAL CLOSETS

Provide a receptacle with its centerline located 1 M (40 in) above finished floor adjacent to the
room door.

3.4.18 MOTORIZED TREADMILLS

If not provided integral to the treadmill, provide an in-line circuit interrupter at the treadmill
unit which requires manual resetting to restore power in the event of a power interruption.

CHAPTER 4: ESSENTIAL AND STANDBY ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS

4.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 4-3
4.2 MIXED ESSENTIAL AND STANDBY ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS ............................. 4-3
4.3 COMMISSIONING ....................................................................................................... 4-3
4.4 EQUIPMENT AND RATINGS ........................................................................................ 4-3
4.4.1 GENERATORS ............................................................................................................. 4-3
4.4.2 AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES (ATS) .................................................................. 4-4
4.4.3 CONTROL NETWORK .................................................................................................. 4-4
4.4.4 DIESEL FUEL STORAGE ............................................................................................... 4-4
4.4.5 LOCATION................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.5 EXISTING FACILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-4
4.6 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR HOSPITALS..................................................... 4-5
4.6.1 ENFORCING CODES .................................................................................................... 4-5
4.6.1.1 LIFE SAFETY BRANCH.................................................................................................. 4-5
4.6.1.2 CRITICAL BRANCH ...................................................................................................... 4-5
4.6.2 EQUIPMENT BRANCH................................................................................................. 4-7
4.6.2.1 EQUIPMENT BRANCH NON-DELAYED AUTOMATIC CONNECTION............................ 4-7
4.6.2.2 EQUIPMENT BRANCH DELAYED-AUTOMATIC CONNECTION .................................... 4-8
4.6.3 ALTERNATE SOURCE OF POWER .............................................................................. 4-10
4.7 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR NURSING HOMES AND
LIMITED CARE FACILITIES ......................................................................................... 4-10
4.7.1 LIFE SAFETY BRANCH................................................................................................ 4-10
4.7.2 CRITICAL BRANCH .................................................................................................... 4-11
4.8 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR OTHER HEALTHCARE FACILITIES ................... 4-11
4.9 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR OTHER FACILITIES ......................................... 4-11
4.9.1 BOILER PLANT AND ENERGY CENTER ...................................................................... 4-11
4.9.2 FIRE STATION ........................................................................................................... 4-11
4.10 STANDBY ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR MISSION CRITICAL FACILITIES ......................... 4-12
4.10.1 REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 4-12
Essential and Standby Electrical Power Systems 4-1

4.10.2 STANDBY SOURCE OF POWER ................................................................................. 4-12

4.1 GENERAL
This section covers the Essential Electrical Systems (EES), and Standby Electrical Systems.
4.2 MIXED ESSENTIAL AND STANDBY ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS

(a) For facilities where full standby power is required, it is permissible for the Standby Electrical
System generators to provide power to the Essential Electrical System if the Standby
Electrical System, as a whole, meets the requirement of the NFPA 70, 99 and 110, and other
applicable codes.
(b) Refer to APPENDIX A, DRAWINGS for more information on possible system topologies.
4.3 COMMISSIONING
(a) In addition to installation acceptance testing specified in NFPA 110, a commissioning plan
shall be developed, specified, documented, and executed to ensure proper operation of the
Essential Electrical System, both its individual components and the system, as a whole. The
commissioning plan shall include, but not be limited to, all sources of power, paralleling
switchgear, transfer switches, fueling systems, and tank leak detection, interconnections to
other systems, annunciators, load shedding, exercise functions, peak shaving, and
communications pathways between equipment.
(b) The A/E shall prepare control and operation drawing(s) or stipulate that the Contractor
prepare them, as part of system commissioning and operations and maintenance
documents. The drawings shall show all elements of the system and their
interrelationships, including both power and control interconnections and sequences of
operation. Physical locations of equipment shall be included.
4.4 EQUIPMENT AND RATINGS
4.4.1 GENERATORS
(a) Generator ratings shall comply with the definitions stated in the ISO 8528.
(b) Generators used for the Standby Electrical System shall be rated as shown below:
• Limited Time Running Power (LTP); or
• Emergency Standby Power (ESP) if the maximum power available, that the generating
set can deliver under test, utility power outage or other intentional power outage, is in
compliance with the hours of operation per year for ESP rating. The A/E shall confirm
and obtain written confirmation from CO, PM and COR in the design phase before
incorporating this option into the design.
(c) If separate from the Standby Electrical System generators, generators dedicated to the
Essential Electrical System (EES) shall be rated as Emergency Standby Power (ESP).

4.4.2 AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES (ATS)

ATS shall be 4-pole where the neutral circuit conductor is transferred by the transfer
equipment, and the Standby or Essential Electrical System is designed as a separately derived
system. ATS shall include the bypass isolation option. ATS shall be open transition switches.
ATS shall be limited to 800A (amperes) maximum size and located to provide the highest
practicable reliability in service to the load, which generally entails minimizing the switch-to-
load distance.
4.4.3 CONTROL NETWORK

ATS, generator remote alarm systems, load shedding controls, and other interconnecting
control components of the Standby Electrical System and/or the Essential Electrical System
shall be networked over a fiber-optic communications network, which shall be installed in
dedicated raceways and shall not be used to transport information of other systems. The ATS
shall be such that it can be monitored, tested, and operated from a single location; typically,
the paralleling switchgear.
4.4.4 DIESEL FUEL STORAGE

Diesel storage tank(s) shall be provided with leak detection, and a means to prevent
degradation of stored fuel due to oxidation, microorganism growth and corrosion.
4.4.5 LOCATION
(a) Do not locate the first level of distribution of the Standby Electrical System or Essential
Electrical System, such as the generators and paralleling switchgear, in the same room with
other power systems.
(b) In the generator paralleling switchgear or distribution switchboard, Life Safety Branch
overcurrent protective devices shall occupy a dedicated section or sections.
(c) In certain projects where installation of outdoor generator(s) is the only practical, cost
effective, efficient and timely option to meet the demand of project scope and schedule,
the A/E may include outdoor generator(s) in the design providing that the following
conditions are complied with:
• The A/E shall submit a written waiver request to CO and AHJ through PM and COR in
accordance with the guideline provided in the Physical Security Design Manual. The A/E
shall proceed with the design only after receiving written approval from CO and AHJ.
• The A/E shall specify the generator(s) to have proper sound-proof outdoor enclosure(s)
to provide protection against engine noise, environment, fire hazard, as well as to
provide protection for physical security.
4.5 EXISTING FACILITIES

(a) Variations in wiring arrangements in existing facilities are acceptable, if the performance
and reliability specified in VA Master Construction Specifications and criteria herein are not

compromised. Such variations may particularly occur with certain wiring in separate or
common raceways, with certain functions connected to one or another system or branch,
or with certain provisions for automatically or manually delayed restoration of power from
the alternate (emergency) source of power.
(b) The A/E shall submit a narrative describing the existing conditions and how the new design
best meets the intent of applicable codes and provides an equivalent degree of
performance and reliability.
(c) When adding new ATS to an existing Essential Electrical System, the A/E shall match the
existing pole switching configuration in terms of equipment and design, i.e., 3-pole or 4-
pole transfer switches.
4.6 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR HOSPITALS
4.6.1 ENFORCING CODES

All requirements for the Emergency System shall comply with NFPA 70, 99, and 110.
4.6.1.1 Life Safety Branch

Shall supply power to loads per NFPA 70 and 99, and as described below:
• Alarm and alerting systems: Fire and Medical Gas Alarm Systems, and other required
alarm systems
• Automatic doors: Used for building egress
• Elevator cab: Lighting and control system
• Means of Egress: Exit signs and egress lighting
• Generator set and transfer switch locations: Task illumination, battery charger for
emergency battery-powered lighting units, and selected receptacles
• Generator set accessories: As required for generator performance
• Telecommunications and Special Telecommunications Systems: where used for issuing
instructions during emergency conditions, including public address and Code Blue
systems and Disaster Control or Emergency Communication Centers.
• (Fire Pump: the A/E shall follow guidance of the VA Fire Protection Design Manual on
the type of emergency power connected to fire pump. If there is no clear guidance, the
A/E shall comply with fire pump power requirement stated in the latest NFPA 20, 70 and
99.)
4.6.1.2 Critical Branch

Shall supply power to loads per NFPA 70 and 99, and as described below:
• Acute Nursing: Task illumination and selected receptacles

• Stepdown Units: Task illumination and selected receptacles

• Anesthetizing Locations: Task illumination, selected receptacles, and fixed equipment;
task illumination includes battery back-up
• Angiographic Laboratories: Task illumination, selected receptacles, and selected power
circuits
• Blood, Bone, Eye, and Tissue Banks: Task illumination, selected receptacles, and
refrigerators
• Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories and Rooms: Task illumination, selected
receptacles, selected power circuits and X-ray unit
• Coronary Care Unit: Task illumination, selected receptacles, selected power circuits and
Patient Bed Service Walls (PBSW)
• Emergency Room Treatment Areas and Life Support Rooms: Task illumination,
selected receptacles, selected power circuits and PBSW
• General Patient Bedrooms: Night lights, an alcove or a lavatory mirror light, selected
receptacle per PBSW, if available, and a bathroom light
• Hemodialysis Rooms: Task illumination and selected receptacle for each dialysis unit
PBSW
• Human Physiology Labs: Task illumination, selected receptacles, and selected circuits
• Intensive Care Units: Task illumination, selected receptacles, selected power circuits
and PBSW
• Isolated power systems in special environments
• Medication Rooms and Medication Preparation Areas: Task illumination, selected
receptacles, and refrigerators
• Minor Operating Rooms: Task illumination and selected receptacles
• Nurse Call systems
• Nurses Stations: Task illumination and selected receptacles
• Pharmacy Dispensing Area (including Satellite Pharmacies): Power files, laminar flow
hoods, refrigerators, copier for transmittal of physicians' orders, task illumination, and
selected receptacles
• Psychiatric Bedrooms: Task illumination (ceiling only)
• Surgical Operating Rooms: Task illumination (50% of the general lighting above the
surgery table shall have battery backup), all X-ray units, and one film processor per suite
• Surgical Recovery Rooms: Lighting fixture over each bed, selected receptacle for each
bed (or PBSW), night lights for each bed (or PBSW), and emergency alarm circuits

• Main Computer Room, Backup Computer Room, Telecommunications Rooms,

Telephone Operators Room, and Antenna Headend Equipment Room: All UPS
equipment, lighting, and receptacles.
• Ward Treatment Rooms: Task illumination and selected receptacles
• Dental Suites: Each ceiling track operatory surgical light, each dental operating unit,
one duplex receptacle in each treatment area, and a storage refrigerator
• Electrical Rooms: 50% of lighting and 50% of receptacles; also provide additional
battery-powered lighting main electrical room
• Engineering Control Center and Mechanical Equipment Rooms: UPS equipment, task
illumination, and selected receptacles for operating and controlling internal auxiliary
power, data gathering panels, control air compressors, dryers, and any electric control
for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems
• Laboratory Service: Task illumination, selected receptacles in areas used to continue
essential functions or critical experiments in the event of power failure, fume hoods,
exhaust fans, and refrigerators
• Pharmacy Delivery Systems and Delivery Areas: Task illumination, selected
receptacles, dumbwaiter for delivery of STAT requests, and pneumatic tube system for
STAT requests if no other delivery system is readily available
• Respiratory Care Beds: PBSW; when PBSW are not provided, task illumination and
selected receptacle for each bed
• Security Station: Monitoring security alarm systems, task illumination, one receptacle,
intrusion and duress alarms at agent cashier, pharmacy, drug storage room in
warehouse, canteen office, canteen retail store room, and canteen storage
• Imaging Rooms: Task illumination and imaging equipment such as CT scan, nuclear
medicine, gamma camera, X-ray etc.
• HVAC for Surgical Suites, Intensive Care, Coronary Care, and Emergency Treatment
Spaces, and other areas as deemed necessary by VA
• Medical dispensing equipment
4.6.2 EQUIPMENT BRANCH

Shall supply power to loads per NFPA 70, 99, and 110.
4.6.2.1 Equipment Branch Non-Delayed Automatic Connection

Arrange the following generator accessories for non-delayed automatic connection to the
alternate power source:
• Electrically operated louvers
• Other generator accessories essential for generator operation

• Transfer fuel pump
4.6.2.2 Equipment Branch Delayed-Automatic Connection

Arrange the following equipment for delayed-automatic connection to the alternate power
source, including necessary controls:
• Central suction systems, vacuum pumps and oral evacuation pumps serving medical and
surgical functions, including controls
• Sump pumps and other equipment such as associated control systems and alarms
required for the safety of major equipment that may be exposed to water
• Medical and dental air compressors serving medical and surgical functions, including
controls (such systems may be connected to the Critical Branch; the A/E shall coordinate
with the Chief Engineer at the facility)
• Smoke control and stair pressurization systems
• Kitchen hood supply and/or exhaust systems, if required to operate during a fire in or
under the kitchen hood
• Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) equipment serving other than telecommunications
equipment
• Medical and laboratory refrigerators and freezers as required
• Oxygen storage control panel
• Equipment and control systems for each elevator bank: Design control systems to
operate at least one elevator at a time and designate one elevator to serve the Surgical
Suite during emergencies
• Jockey pump, and make-up pump for water-based fire protection systems; air
compressor for dry-type fire protection systems; lighting and selected receptacles in fire
pump room
• Hyperbaric facilities
• Hypobaric facilities
• Automatic operated doors
• Autoclaving equipment (shall be permitted to be arranged for either delayed-automatic
or manual connection to the alternate source)
• Administrative Areas: Task illumination and selected receptacles in the hospital
Director’s, Engineering, and VA Police Operations
• Closed-loop water chilling equipment for linear accelerator
• Domestic Water Pumps: Equipment, control system, light fixture, and receptacle near
the pump

• Electric tape for heat tracing of piping requiring freeze protection

• Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems:
o Heating Equipment: Operating Suites, Recovery, Intensive Care, Coronary Care,
Infection and/or Isolation Rooms, Emergency Treatment Spaces, and General Patient
Rooms; under certain conditions, NFPA 99 may not require heating of General
Patient Rooms and Infection Isolation Rooms
o Air-conditioning equipment, lubricating oil pumps for centrifugal compressors,
control air compressors, air dryer and absorption machine refrigerant pump to draw
down lithium chloride before crystallization (omit for machines accomplishing this
manually)
o Chillers, chilled water circulating pumps, fans, and controls for surgical suites,
recovery rooms, intensive care, and coronary care units
o Chillers, chilled water circulating pumps, fans, and controls for animal research
facilities
o HVAC equipment for Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) areas
o HVAC equipment for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Suites and Computerized
Topographic (CT) Scanners
o HVAC equipment serving emergency areas in outpatient clinics in seismic and high-
risk hurricane areas
o HVAC equipment for Main Computer Room, Telecommunications Rooms, Telephone
Operators Room, and Antenna Headend Equipment Room
o Exhaust fans serving Autopsy Rooms, reagent-grade Water Treatment Rooms,
Orthotic Laboratory special exhaust systems, battery charging areas, flammable
storage rooms, and illustration rooms (Medical Media)
o Supply, return, and exhaust ventilating systems for Infection Isolation Rooms,
Protective Environment Rooms, and exhaust fans for laboratory fume hoods and
nuclear medicine areas where radioactive material is used, ethylene oxide
evacuation and anesthesia evacuation. These systems are permitted on delayed
automatic system only, and shall not be served via manual system. Some systems
may be placed on the Critical Branch of the EES. The A/E shall coordinate with VA.
o Ventilation, cooling, and control equipment for electrical rooms
o Ventilation, cooling, and control equipment for elevator machine rooms
• Hot Water Circulatory and Steam Condensate Return Pumps: Equipment, controls, and
light fixture and receptacle near the pumps
• Hot Water Generator: Equipment, controls, and light fixture and receptacle near the
generator

• Kitchen: Illumination and minimum equipment to provide nourishments to patients

during extended outage; freezers and refrigerators
• Laboratory Air Compressors and Vacuum Pumps: Equipment, controls, and light fixture
and receptacle near the compressors and pumps
• Animal Ward illumination
• Mortuary Refrigerator or Cold Room: Refrigeration equipment and task illumination
• Radiology Suite: Task illumination, one automatic X-ray film processor, and one X-ray
unit
• Refrigerated Medical Storage: Refrigeration equipment
• Sewage Pumps: Equipment, controls, and light fixture and receptacle near the pumps
• Sterile Processing Service (SPS):
o Task illumination and selected receptacles in the following areas: core, sterile
storage, non-sterile storage, preparation, and decontamination
o One ultrasonic cleaner, one ethylene oxide gas sterilizer, one steam sterilizer, one
washer sterilizer, and one gas generator
o Equipment in warehouse areas necessary to preserve subsistence drugs and X-ray
film materials that may be subjected to damage from infestation, humidity, or
temperature
• Water and Sewage Treatment Plant: Illumination, receptacles, and equipment needed
during emergency
4.6.3 ALTERNATE SOURCE OF POWER

(a) All requirements for the alternate source of power shall comply with NFPA 110.
(b) The alternate source of power shall be one or more diesel engine-driven generator sets.
Provide physical space for one additional generator; paralleling switchgear shall be
appropriately provisioned. Refer also to the VA Physical Security Design Manual.
(c) Coordinate location(s) for generator remote alarm annunciator(s) with PM and COR. The
preferred locations are in the Energy Center control room and in the Security office, or
Telephone Operators Room (whichever is continuously staffed).
4.7 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR NURSING HOMES AND LIMITED CARE FACILITIES
The Essential Electrical System for nursing homes and limited care facilities shall comply with
NFPA 70 and 99.
4.7.1 LIFE SAFETY BRANCH

Shall supply power to loads per NFPA 70 and 99.

4.7.2 CRITICAL BRANCH

(c) Shall supply power to loads per NFPA 70 and 99.
(d) In addition, connect the following items to the Critical Branch, arranged for delayed-
automatic connection to the alternate power system:
• Nurse Call System
• Patient Bedrooms: Bathroom light, an alcove or lavatory mirror light, night light, and
selected receptacle per PBSW.
• Electrical Rooms and Closets: 50% of lighting and one receptacle
• Main Computer Room, Backup Computer Room, Telecommunications Rooms,
Telephone Operators Room, and Antenna Headend Equipment Room: All UPS
equipment, lighting, and receptacles.
• Mechanical Rooms: Task illumination and one receptacle

The alternate source of power shall consist of a diesel engine-driven generator set.
4.8 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR OTHER HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

Comply with NFPA 70 and 99.

Comply with NFPA 70 and 99.
4.9 ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR OTHER FACILITIES
4.9.1 BOILER PLANT AND ENERGY CENTER

Provide emergency power for task illumination and equipment necessary for emergency
operations during an extended power outage. These buildings generally have their own diesel
engine-driven generator set.
4.9.2 FIRE STATION

Provide emergency power for lighting and communication equipment necessary to sustain
operation during power outages. If emergency generator power from an adjacent Boiler Plant
or Energy Center is not available, provide auxiliary battery-powered lighting and
communication devices.

4.10 STANDBY ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR MISSION CRITICAL FACILITIES
4.10.1 REQUIREMENTS
Standby Electrical System shall comply with the VA Physical Security Design Manual (PSDM),
and as described below:
(a) A Standby Electrical System may be required by the PSDM to provide full power backup for
Mission Critical facilities. The Standby Electrical System shall be sized for full load operation
of the entire electrical system. The Standby Electrical System must be capable of sustaining
operation of all electrical loads during the electric utility power outage for the duration
required in the PSDM. Additional sustainability time may be required for hurricane-prone
areas, arctic areas, high-seismic areas, areas vulnerable to other natural disasters,
Continuity of Operation (COOP) facilities, or for other locations as specified by CO, PM and
COR.
(b) The Standby Electrical System may be sized to provide power for other new or existing
buildings or loads in addition to the Mission Critical Facility. The A/E shall coordinate this
aspect of the project with CO, PM and COR during the planning phase, and incorporate it in
the design.
4.10.2 STANDBY SOURCE OF POWER

(a) The source of power shall be one or more indoor diesel generator sets that generate at the
utility service entrance voltage, typically 5kV or 15kV nominal. The point of connection shall
typically be the utility service entrance point. The generators shall comply with all
requirements stated in this chapter.
(b) Provide physical space for one future additional generator; paralleling switchgear shall be
appropriately provisioned.
(c) Investigate peak shaving, cogeneration, or load interruption incentives with the serving
electrical utility and submit an analysis narrative with recommendations to the CO, PM and
COR. Unless an advantageous interconnection agreement is obtained, the standby power
system shall not parallel with the utility.
(d) The location of the standby power system, including switchgear and diesel fuel storage,
shall comply with the Electrical Design Manual, Physical Security Design Manual, and latest
applicable Codes.

CHAPTER 5: ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION

5.1 UTILITY SERVICE ......................................................................................................... 5-3
5.2 PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................................ 5-3
5.2.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.2 PRIMARY SWITCHGEAR.............................................................................................. 5-3
5.2.3 PRIMARY CABLING ..................................................................................................... 5-4
5.2.4 BUILDING PRIMARY-VOLTAGE DISCONNECTING MEANS.......................................... 5-4
5.3 SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION ....................................................................................... 5-4
5.3.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 5-4
5.3.2 MEDIUM-TO-LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS .......................................................... 5-4
5.3.3 LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS................................................................................ 5-4
5.3.4 SWITCHGEAR, SWITCHBOARDS, AND MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS .......................... 5-5
5.3.5 BRANCH-CIRCUIT PANELBOARDS .............................................................................. 5-5
5.3.6 TYPE 2 SURGE-PROTECTIVE DEVICES (TYPE 2 SPD) ................................................... 5-5
5.3.7 LOADS FED FROM UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) ................................... 5-5
5.4 POWER MONITORING AND METERING ..................................................................... 5-5
5.4.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 5-5
5.4.2 ENERGY CENTERS ....................................................................................................... 5-6
5.4.3 EXISTING FACILITIES ................................................................................................... 5-6
5.5 ELECTRICAL ROOMS AND CLOSETS ............................................................................ 5-6
5.5.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 5-6
5.5.2 SPACE FOR FUTURE EQUIPMENT............................................................................... 5-7
5.6 ELECTRICAL FACILITIES FOR SURGICAL/OPERATING ROOMS .................................... 5-7
5.7 ELECTRICAL FACILITIES FOR ELEVATORS .................................................................... 5-7
Electrical Power Distribution 5-1

5.1 UTILITY SERVICE

(a) Any utility service that enters VA property to access VA service equipment shall be installed
underground in a concrete-encased duct bank.
(b) Primary (medium-voltage) service is preferred. The service voltage should not exceed
15 kV. The use of higher voltages up to 35 kV shall be considered for approval by CO and
AHJ in writing, if cost-effective and in compliance with the utility company's rules and
regulations.
(c) For Mission Critical facilities, the A/E shall comply with the requirement of the Physical
Security Design Manual for the number and location of the primary electric utility sources.
If two sources are required, and if it is cost inhibitive or almost impossible for the Utility
Power Company to meet this requirement, A/E shall inform CO, PM and COR in writing of
the situation and recommend solutions. The A/E shall obtain CO and AHJ’s authorization to
deviate from this requirement. Provide a cost opinion for the second utility service to aid
VA in determining the cost-effectiveness of this requirement.
Ensure that required easements for utility conductors and equipment are provided in
accordance with the requirements of the serving utility.
5.2 PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION
5.2.1 GENERAL
(a) Distribution topology shall be primary selective, secondary radial. Primary radial systems
are acceptable with written approval of CO, PM and COR for non-Mission Critical facilities.
(b) Refer to APPENDIX A, DRAWINGS for possible system topologies.
(c) Refer to the VA Physical Security Design Manual for more information.
5.2.2 PRIMARY SWITCHGEAR

(a) Primary switchgear for Mission Critical facilities shall be located indoors, in a secure,
protected location, and shall comply with the VA Physical Security Design Manual. The area
shall have the necessary ventilation or cooling systems to maintain indoor temperature as
required for proper operation of the equipment, as well as access control. Equipment shall
be located above grade and above the 100-year floodplain with flood elevation as required
by the VA Physical Security Design Manual.
(b) Primary switchgear for Mission Critical facilities shall be metal clad. Circuit protective
devices shall be electrically operated, draw-out type circuit breakers with electronic relays
for all Mission Critical facilities. Fused switch switchgear is acceptable for indoor and
outdoor use at non-Mission Critical facilities.
Refer to the VA Physical Security Design Manual for feeder protection and routing
requirements.

(c) Primary switchgear for non-Mission Critical facilities may be located outdoors, and may be
pad-mounted fused-switch type.
5.2.3 PRIMARY CABLING

(a) Primary cabling shall be installed underground, in concrete-encased ductbanks. Each
ductbank shall contain ducts for planned future expansion, as well as 25% additional ducts
for unplanned future expansion. Route ductbanks to avoid possible locations of future
building foundations or other structures. To the extent practical, normal and standby
power feeders shall be physically separated, and shall not be routed in the same ductbank.
(b) Consider the use of 15kV cable for 5kV projects.
5.2.4 BUILDING PRIMARY-VOLTAGE DISCONNECTING MEANS

If a building contains more than one substation, and the substations are not located in a
common room, provide air switches as necessary so that all power to the building can be
disconnected from a common location.
5.3 SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION
5.3.1 GENERAL
Healthcare, Research, Clinical and Ambulatory Care Facilities, and Essential Buildings with
l000 kVA or Larger Demand Load: The total building load (calculated demand kVA plus future
growth) shall be served by multiple single-ended unit substations. Low-voltage feeders
between buildings shall be underground.
5.3.2 MEDIUM-TO-LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

(a) The maximum transformer size for 208Y/120V systems shall be 750kVA. The maximum
transformer size for 480Y/277V systems shall be 2500kVA. Transformers may be dry or
liquid-filled.
(b) Outdoor pad-mounted transformers are permitted only for non-Mission Critical facilities.
5.3.3 LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

(a) The A/E shall consider harmonic-mitigating dry-type transformers to serve building areas
rich in non-linear loads.
(b) VA discourages the design, installation and use of low-voltage step-up dry-type
transformers (i.e. 208Volt – 3 phase primary, stepping up to 480/277Volt – 3 phase or
480Volt – 3 phase secondary). However, in the situation where step-up dry-type
transformer is the only safe and practical design option, the A/E shall design and specify
only transformers listed for such application by UL and the equipment manufacturers. The
practice of “reverse-feeding” to achieve step-up voltage of low-voltage dry-type
transformers not listed by UL and equipment manufacturers shall be prohibited.

5.3.4 SWITCHGEAR, SWITCHBOARDS, AND MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS

(a) Provide switchgear, switchboards, and motor control centers with 25% space for additional
overcurrent protective devices. Horizontal bussing should be fully rated for length of
switchboard.
(b) As a guideline, power circuit breakers are preferred for 1600A and above; molded case
circuit breakers for below 1600A. Select electronic trip functions for low-voltage circuit
breakers to achieve selective coordination per NFPA 70 and 99.
5.3.5 BRANCH-CIRCUIT PANELBOARDS

Provide each branch-circuit panelboard with 20% space for future circuit breakers.
5.3.6 TYPE 2 SURGE-PROTECTIVE DEVICES (TYPE 2 SPD)

(a) Type 2 SPD, as defined by NEC, is mandatory for buildings equipped with a lightning
protection system.
(b) Integrated, cascaded Type 2 SPD is mandatory at all Mission Critical buildings at the highest
secondary voltage ("service entrance") level, at downstream panelboards that serve
sensitive electronic equipment, and at individual receptacle locations by the use of SPD
receptacles. Type 2 SPD is recommended at these locations in non-Mission-Critical
buildings.
5.3.7 LOADS FED FROM UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS)

(a) UPS equipment is necessary for electronic equipment or any equipment that performs
critical functions and requires continuous regulated power for operation.
(b) At a minimum, the following loads should be protected by UPS equipment: Main Computer
Room equipment, Telephone Equipment Room equipment, telecommunications/special
system telecommunications equipment, HVAC control equipment, and any other mission-
essential equipment necessary for continuity of service that is not tolerant of the transfer
time between utility and generator power.
(c) UPS equipment shall be arranged so that the required runtime is achieved by paralleled
combinations of shorter runtime battery cabinets.
5.4 POWER MONITORING AND METERING
5.4.1 GENERAL
(a) Power monitoring and metering are in addition to utility metering.
(b) At a minimum, power monitoring and metering equipment shall be provided for both
normal and essential electrical systems: for medium-voltage switchgear on each main and
distribution feeder circuit breaker, unit substation transformer secondary low-voltage main
circuit breakers, generator paralleling switchboards, plug-in busways, and low-voltage
switchboards and major distribution panelboards. The power monitoring and metering

system shall have the capability of communication with a VA-centralized remote metering
station via a data backbone.
(c) At a minimum, power monitoring and metering equipment shall record, store, and trend
voltage, current, kW, kWh, kVA, kVAR, power factor, as well as voltage and current total
harmonic distortion.
5.4.2 ENERGY CENTERS

(a) Provide power monitoring and metering for chilled water plants and boiler plants.
(b) If medium-voltage chillers are used, install power monitoring equipment for each chiller.
5.4.3 EXISTING FACILITIES

If feasible, renovation projects shall install power monitoring equipment on any major electrical
equipment directly affected or modified by the renovation.
5.5 ELECTRICAL ROOMS AND CLOSETS
5.5.1 GENERAL
(a) An electrical room is an area in a building or structure which contains the following
electrical equipment: medium-voltage switchgear, medium-to-low-voltage transformers,
low-voltage transformers, low-voltage distribution equipment and panelboards. An
electrical closet is an area in a building that contains the following electrical equipment:
low voltage transformers and low-voltage distribution and branch-circuit panelboards.
(b) The location, protection, and access to electrical room and closets shall comply with the
Physical Security Design Manual.
(c) Electrical rooms shall be located above the Base Flood Elevation. Electrical rooms shall not
be located beneath toilets, showers, laboratories, kitchens, sinks, open courtyards, planters,
roof drain leaders, or other areas where water service is provided.
(d) Electrical equipment spaces shall be designed to accommodate code-required working
clearance of electrical equipment, maintenance equipment access, and to facilitate
equipment replacement without significant demolition and reconstruction.
(e) Any pipe or duct system foreign to the electrical installation shall not enter or pass through
an electrical space. The A/E shall ensure that foreign piping such as water pipes, steam
pipes, medical gas pipes, sanitary waste pipes, roof drains, A/C ducts, and other unrelated
piping systems containing liquids or gases are not installed, nor pass through the electrical
rooms. Sprinkler piping shall not be routed through electrical rooms, unless it serves to
protect the electrical installation.
(f) Electrical spaces shall have the necessary mechanical ventilation or cooling system to
maintain the indoor temperature range required for proper operation of the equipment.

(g) No telecommunications equipment, other than telecommunications outlets, shall be placed

within electrical rooms.
(h) Provide appropriate construction for the type of transformer(s) installed.
(i) Electrical closets shall stack vertically. Electrical closets shall locate horizontally at a
maximum of 46 M (150 ft) apart, to limit maximum 120V branch-circuit wiring run to
approximately 23 M (75 ft).
5.5.2 SPACE FOR FUTURE EQUIPMENT

(a) Rooms that contain freestanding electrical equipment shall be sized so that sufficient space
is provided to add one additional section to each unit of freestanding equipment. Provide
extended pad space and spare conduits to facilitate future installation of equipment and
conductors. Spare space shall be indicated on drawings.
(b) Electrical closets shall have 20% spare wall space for future installation of similar electrical
equipment.
5.6 ELECTRICAL FACILITIES FOR SURGICAL/OPERATING ROOMS

Refer to Design Guides (PG-18-12), Surgical and Endovascular Services.
5.7 ELECTRICAL FACILITIES FOR ELEVATORS

Refer to the VA Elevator Design Manual.

CHAPTER 6: SPECIAL MEDICAL AND ALARM SYSTEMS

6.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 6-3
6.2 PATIENT BED SERVICE WALL SYSTEMS ...................................................................... 6-3
6.3 PATIENT BED SERVICE WALLS (PBSW) ....................................................................... 6-3
6.4 PBSW INSTALLATION ................................................................................................. 6-3
6.5 PBSW APPLICATION ................................................................................................... 6-3
6.6 MEDICAL GAS, VACUUM, AND AIR ALARM SYSTEMS................................................ 6-4
Special Medical and Alarm Systems 6-1

6.1 GENERAL
VA uses nonflammable anesthetics in Operating Rooms of Surgical Service and Medical
Research Service. Installations in these areas shall conform to the NFPA 99 that pertain to
nonflammable anesthetics.
6.2 PATIENT BED SERVICE WALL SYSTEMS

In certain intermediate and critical care areas, VA requires the installation of Patient Bed
Service Wall systems in patient bedrooms/areas. Refer to the VA Master Specification Section
10 25 13, Patient Bed Service Walls, for requirements. The A/E shall edit applicable
requirements of this specification section to be incompliance with latest NFPA 70 and 99, if
required.
6.3 PATIENT BED SERVICE WALLS (PBSW)

(a) Each OEM produced-PBSW contains a specific UL Rating, Listing, and Labeling for acute
medical applications. Under no circumstance shall any second party equipment be attached
or installed in the PBSW without written authorization from the PBSW OEM.
(b) During installation or VA Proof of Performance testing and certification: if a PBSW is found
to have equipment installed or attached that violates its UL ratings, it shall be the
responsibility and expense of the contractor to restore the respective UL rating(s) per the
written instructions of the PBSW OEM and the UL. Once the corrections are made, each
affected unit shall be re-inspected by SMCS-005OP2H3 at the Contractor’s Expense.
Contact VA’s AHJ SMCS-005OP2H3. Refer to Telecommunication/Special System
Telecommunication Design Manual (TDM) for information.
6.4 PBSW INSTALLATION

(a) Install PBSW in accordance with the VA Master Specification 10 25 13, Patient Bed Service
Wall, and equipment manufacturer’s recommendations.
(b) All PBSW shall be surface-mounted on the patient headwall.
(c) All installations in one bedroom shall be at the head and to the corridor side of the bed.
(d) All PBSW to be located between a pair of beds in multi-bed areas shall be centered between
the beds. If an odd bed remains, apply the one-bedroom concept.
6.5 PBSW APPLICATION

Table 6-5 describes the type (as defined in specification section 10 25 13, Patient Bed Service
Walls, and quantity of PBSW in main patient bed locations.

Table 6-5 PBSW Application

BED AREA PBSW TYPE QUANTITY
AMBULATORY CARE
Observation and Treatment Room Style A1 Each Bed
Life Support Style C Each Bed

DIALYSIS CENTER
One-Bed Room Style B2 Each Bed
Multi-Bed Room Style B2 Each Bed
INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
Coronary Style C Each Bed
Surgical Style C Each Bed
Medical Style C Each Bed
General Purpose Style C Each Bed
NURSING UNITS
Intermediate Care Style A1 Each Single Bed
Intermediate Care Style A2 (25% of Between Each Pair of Beds
total beds in unit)
MS&N (Medical, Surgical Neurological, Style A1 Each Single Bed
Ortho., and RHMS)
MS&N (Medical, Surgical Neurological, Style A2 Between Each Pair of Beds
Ortho., and RHMS)
RESPIRATORY CARE Style B1 (90% of Each Bed
total beds in unit)
Monitored Beds Style C (10% of total Each Bed
beds in unit)
SPINAL CORD INJURY UNIT Style A1 Each Bed
Medical Isolation Style C Each Bed
Acute/Respiratory Care Style C Each Bed
SURGICAL RECOVERY ROOM Style B1 Each Bed
6.6 MEDICAL GAS, VACUUM, AND AIR ALARM SYSTEMS

(a) Provide two master alarm signal panels for nonflammable medical gas, medical-surgical
vacuum, and laboratory air and laboratory vacuum systems in separate warning locations.
Provide master alarm panels at the Telephone Switchboard and Engineering Control Center.
If an Engineering Control Center is not provided, install master alarm panels at the Security
Office or other suitable continuously staffed location.
(b) Provide area alarms at Nurse Stations in locations where nonflammable medical gas and
medical-surgical vacuum systems are installed.
(c) NFPA 99 allows one of the two required alarm systems to be computerized. If this option is
chosen by the A/E, VA prefers the computerized system to be the HVAC control system, if it
is UL-listed for this application. Addressable fire alarm systems shall be permitted to

monitor medical gas alarms provided that the alarm signals are programmed as a
supervisory signal and do not initiate the building fire alarm system.

APPENDIX A: DRAWINGS
The drawings show two possible topologies for normal and essential electrical system
equipment. The A/E shall follow these topologies for the electrical power distribution design.
Drawings A-1
Drawings A-2
Drawings A-3

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What are the different types of PBSW and where are they located?

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Ofce of Construction &

1.10.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 1-16

2.2.1 GROUNDING ELECTRODES ........................................................................................ 2-5

Table of Contents iii

4.5 EXISTING FACILITIES .................................................................................................. 4-4

5.4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 5-5

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

General Requirements 1-1

1.9.1 DRAWINGS ............................................................................................................... 1-14

General Requirements 1-2

1.14.11 CONTINUITY OF SERVICE.......................................................................................... 1-22

General Requirements 1-3

General Requirements 1-5

1.3 AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION

General Requirements 1-6

1.5 VA DESIGN CRITERIA

1.5.1 MASTER SPECIFICATIONS (PG-18-1)

1.5.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES (PG-18-3)

General Requirements 1-7

1.5.4 EQUIPMENT GUIDE LIST (PG-18-5)

1.5.5 DESIGN MANUALS (PG-18-10)

1.5.6 DESIGN GUIDES (PG-18-12)

General Requirements 1-8

• Including functional diagrams and layout plates

1.5.7 DESIGN SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS (PG-18-15)

1.5.8 DESIGN REVIEW CHECKLISTS

1.5.9 DESIGN ALERTS

General Requirements 1-9

• Summarizing design solutions

1.5.10 STANDARDS ALERTS

1.5.11 PHYSICAL SECURITY DESIGN MANUAL

1.5.12 COST ESTIMATING MANUAL

1.5.13 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN MANUAL

General Requirements 1-10

1.5.14 SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (H-18-8)

1.5.15 FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN MANUAL

1.5.16 VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM

General Requirements 1-11

1.5.17 COMPUTER AIDED FACILITIES MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS (CAFM)

1.6 VA BIM STANDARD

1.7 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS

General Requirements 1-12

• NFPA 77 - Recommended Practice on Static Electricity

1.7.2 LOCAL CODES AND CONDITIONS

1.7.3 LOCAL UTILITY

1.8 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

General Requirements 1-13

(d) Specifications and CAD Standard Details:

1.9 CRITERIA UNIQUE TO VA

General Requirements 1-14

number of pullboxes located at appropriate distances to facilitate efficient installation and

1.9.2 SEQUENCE OF ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS

1.9.3 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

General Requirements 1-15

1.9.4 PROPRIETARY ITEMS