ABSTRACT

A computerized medical record changes the way a medical record presenting data
about patients in multiple organized formats. A computerized record can be used
to make it more difficult to overlook important findings. The computer can improve
communication by informing both the patient and referring physicians of new data
as they become available. A computer database can be used to aggregate data
about selected patients to provide information about the natural history of disease
and effect of treatment. Manual methods as well as computerized systems exist for
management of laboratory data.  Manual methods may include logs and card files
organized by date, patient name, specimen number or interpretation.
Computerized systems, most often referred to as laboratory information systems
(LIS) may stand alone, be part of an integrated anatomic pathology system, part of
a multispecialty laboratory system, or integrated with a larger medical record or
corporate information system
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Declaration

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Brief History of the Case Study

1.2 Statement of Problem

1.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study

1.4 Scope of Study

1.5 Limitation of Study

1.6 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review

2.1Overview of the existing system

2.2 Meaning of computerization

2.3 Reason for computerization

2.4 Benefits for computerization

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Data collection/system analysis

3.1 Re-statement of the problem

3.2 Choice of programming language

3.3 Research design and methodology

3.4 Method of data collection

3.5 Input and output specification

3.6 File specification of the existing system

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 System design

4.1 New system procedure

4.2 New input and output requirement

4.3 File to be maintained

4.4 Equipment requirement

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Program specification

5.1 Coding and testing

5.2 Implementation and discussion

5.3 Problems encountered

5.4 Summary and recommendation

Reference

Appendix
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

A computerized medical record changes the way a medical record use by

presenting data about patients in multiple organized formats. A computerized

record can be used to make it more difficult to overlook important findings. The

computer can improve communication by informing both the patient and referring

physicians of new data as they become available. Computer graphics or algorithms

can be used to emphasize subtle trends. A computer database can be used to

aggregate data about selected patients to provide information about the natural

history of disease and effect of treatment. Manual methods as well as computerized

systems exist for management of laboratory data.  Manual methods may include

logs and card files organized by date, patient name, specimen number or

interpretation.  Computerized systems, most often referred to as laboratory

information systems (LIS) may stand alone, be part of an integrated anatomic

pathology system, part of a multispecialty laboratory system, or integrated with a

larger hospital or corporate information system.  This section of the Guideline

describes data management components needed to generate the information used

by the laboratory, clinicians and other healthcare organizations. The laboratory

must have the ability to record and retrieve specimen information and patient
reports for the periods specified by regulatory agencies. The system, whether

manual or automated, should allow access to all cytology reports and all available

and related surgical pathology reports to facilitate cytologic/histologic correlation.

Older data may be electronically archived or records may be stored offsite as long

as retrieval does not hinder patient care or delay regulatory inspections. The ability

of a system to correlate or merge records when there is an alteration in patient

identifiers (such as name, hospital record number or other identifiers) without

altering the data in the original records is also desirable.  The use of unique

identifiers, such as the patient’s hospital record number, allows for more accurate

matching. All laboratory records are confidential.  Access should be limited to

authorized individuals.  Locked cabinets for paper records and security codes for

electronic systems are recommended. Limiting access may deter corruption of

computer software or inadvertent change or release of results by unauthorized

individuals.  Electronic signatures are preferable for reports that are stored in

electronic format.  A procedure should be in place to assure that the electronic

signature identifies the person who is responsible for the case and indicates that

they approve of the content of the report.   This procedure should prohibit

interpretations that require pathologist review from being released by any other

individual prior to the pathologist’s authorization. 

Laboratory data must be retrievable for quality assurance purposes and to generate

statistical reports required by regulatory agencies and accrediting organizations

within the retention period prescribed by in charge or applicable state regulations. 

The system should provide the breakdown of the interpretive categories reported

by each individual.  This individual statistical data must be available for

comparison with the laboratory average.

1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CASE STUDY

Nagarta medical laboratory Kaura Namoda was founded on the 18th of July 2012. It

is a registered organization with the state ministry of health, cooperate affair

commission, and the registration with medical laboratory science council of

Nigeria (MLSC) is (on going), our mission is to provide reliable laboratory service,

so as to lessen the risk of blind treatment by the medical personnel, with a vision to

make out-reach campaign, to create awareness of the importance of laboratory

investigation before commencement of any treatment.

Services Rendered by the Laboratory

Nagarta medical laboratory renders a lot of services, some of which are not

obtainable in the zone which include:

i. Clinical chemistry investigation

 ii. Hematological investigation

iii. Bacteriological/parasitological investigation

Geographical Location

Nagarta medical laboratory is located in Kaura Namoda local government area

along Shinkafi road beside acada in Zamfara state, which is in the northern part of

the state.

Technical Proposals

Being the only private laboratory in existence for now in Kaura Namoda, the

laboratory intends to carry out some activities in the area of HIV/AIDS, TB and

malaria using gender based approaches being them the national health challenging

issues.

Coverage

The laboratory covers five general hospitals in providing services. These hospitals

are: general hospital Kaura Namoda, Zurmi, Shinkafi, Moriki and Birnin Magaji

1.2 PREVIOUS WORKS

Computer and information technology has provided us a new way to store vast

amounts of information without requiring huge physical storage space. This

method offers the convenience where multiple people can access information at the

same time and from different locations. In keeping up with the complexity of

managing the patients’ health-related information, the healthcare industry started to

computerize the information over a decade ago. From 1984 to 1994, the number of

healthcare related transactions increased from 5 percent to 36 percent.

A Computerized Patient Record (CPR) is a comprehensive database system used to

store and access patients’ healthcare information. The Computer-based Patient

Record Institute (CPRI) defines a CPR as “electronically maintained information

about an individual's lifetime health status and healthcare. The computer-based

patient record replaces the paper medical record as the primary source of

information for healthcare meeting all clinical, legal, and administrative

requirements. It is seen as a virtual compilation of non-redundant health data

about a person across a lifetime, including facts, observations, interpretations,

plans, actions and outcomes. The CPR is supported by a system that captures,

stores, processes, communicates, secures and presents information from multiple

disparate locations as required.

CPR is used widely today in hospitals, nursing facilities, home healthcare, clinics,

laboratory facilities, treatment centers, and physician offices. However, there are

some disadvantages of CPR. These disadvantages include:

 i. High initial setup cost.

ii. Every error on the record can have major impact because multiple people

can access the record at once.

iii. Failures in hardware or software can result in loss of information.

Some advantages of CPR include:

i. It is convenient.

ii. It facilitates remote access.

iii. The information is more organized and easier to read compared to paper

patient record.

iv. It allows simultaneous access.

v. It improves the efficiency of processes such as data collection, data

management and data retrieval.

There are many issues pertaining to CPR. We primarily focus on security issues in

this paper. A CPR system with adequate security measures will help to protect the

privacy and confidentiality of the patients. For healthcare providers, the

unauthorized use of information betrays the trust of patients and as a result,

patients may refuse to disclose important healthcare information due to fear of

unauthorized use of his/her information.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The community where the laboratory is based on some problems which need to be

addressed, the problems are:

i. Lack of awareness of the dangers of HIV/AIDS, TB malaria

ii. Improper approaches in the enlightenment campaign

iii. Lack of identifying the needs of the community

iv. Improper referral of HIV/AIDS, and TB to CCT and Dots centers

respectively

However, once the problems are identified, solution will be provided for the

prevention, care and treatment (using the row data obtain in the laboratory)

1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Campaign awareness infection will be reduced; proper approaches on

enlightenment campaign to the community members will be organized, so as to

facilitate full participation to the laboratory for test.

 i. The needs of the community should also be identified through interaction

with the community members to provide them the best services since their

concept was given concern first. The activity targets population of all ages.

ii. To identify the HIV positive adult and children TB and malaria in

accordance with national guidelines. To make referrals to secondary facility.

iii. Continuity of the program: effort will be made to make sure the program is

maintained through source of grant from other donor agencies by

collaborating with the state ministry of health, ZAMSACA, NACA etc.

iv. To train volunteers on how to reach out community. To train facility staff on

how to handle the activity. To print fliers, tags etc.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This activity targets population of all ages, the objective of this program is to

identify HIV/AIDS. TB and malaria positive adults and children using gender

based approaches. This research work will be carried out on data for medical

record system of Nagarta medical lab. The work reported in this research could be

viewed as a step towards enhancing databases with functionalities.

1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY

Medical record is limited in that; some manual operation will still be needed to

carry out the operation effectively. There was some constraints encountered during

collection of data, poor data collection becomes apparent due to interviewing of

medical representatives. Laboratory attendants who were reluctant to disclose

important information and statistical data which otherwise would have been

relevant to this research, due to laboratory secret which breeds some indifferent

attitudes towards that.

It takes a long time and large commitment of resources to get a good result,

unavailability of text and materials on this topic, made gathering of facts very

difficult, some of the facts were gathered from the internet, which is quite

expensive.

1.7 GLOSSARY

Computer: is an electronic device in which data is been input, store, processed and

output the result with greater speed, and accuracy than manual.

Management Information System (MIS): Is an information system application

but usually in a predetermined format.

System: Is a unit or organized whole that is made of many different but

interrelated that work together to achieve a common goals.

Information Retrieval: The act of locating quantities of data stored in a Database

and producing useful information from the data.

Information Processing: A method of organizing, processing and extracting

information to be easily stored, retrieved, searched and updated.

Record: It is a unit of data representing a particular transaction or a basic element

of a file consisting in turn a number of interrelated data elements.

Artificial Intelligence: It is a branch of computer science that is dedicated to the

study of the ways in which computers can be used to emulate or duplicate most

human function.

Knowledge Base: Is an organized collection of declarative and procedural

relationships that represents expertise in a focused area

Computerization: means the technology concerned with the application of

electrical, mechanical and computer based system to operate a system.

Laboratory: is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or

technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

Diagnosis: the process of determining by examination the nature and

circumstances of a diseased condition.

 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

M.C. Kinley (2012) Medical record: This article is about the documentation of a

patient's medical history. The terms medical record, health record, and medical

chart are used somewhat interchangeably to describe the systematic documentation

of a single patient's medical history and care across time within one particular

health care provider's jurisdiction. The medical record includes a variety of types

of "notes" entered over time by health care professionals, recording observations

and administration of drugs and therapies, orders for the administration of drugs

and therapies, test results, x-rays andreports etc. The maintenance of complete and

accurate medical records is a requirement of health care providers and is generally

enforced as a licensing or certification prerequisite. The terms are used for both the

physical folder that exists for each individual patient and for the body of

information found therein. Medical records have traditionally been compiled and

maintained by health care providers, but advances in online data storage have led

to the development of personal health records (PHR) that are maintained by

patients themselves, often on third-party websites.This concept issupported by US

national health administrationentitiesand by AHIMA, the American

HealthInformation Management Association. A medical record folder being pulled

from theRecordsbecause many consider the information inmedical records to be

sensitive personalinformation covered by expectations of privacy,many ethical and

legal issues are implicated intheir maintenance, such as third-party accessand

appropriate storage and disposal.

Kierkegaard, P. (2012) the information contained in the medical recordallows

health care providers to determine thepatient's medical history and provide

informedcare. The medical record serves as the centralrepository for planning

patient care anddocumenting communication among patient andhealth care

provider and professionalscontributing to the patient's care. An increasingpurpose

of the medical record is to ensuredocumentation of compliance with institutional,

professional or governmental regulation. The traditional medical record for

inpatient care can include admission notes, on-service notes, progress notes,

preoperative notes, operative notes, postoperative notes, procedure notes, delivery

notes, postpartum notes, and discharge notes. Personal health records combine

many of theabove features with portability, thus allowing apatient to share medical

records acrossproviders and health care systems.

Judson, Karen, B.S. (2010) a patient's individual medical record identifiesthe

patient and contains information regardingthe patient's case history at a

particularprovider. The health record as well as anyelectronically stored variant of

the traditionalpaper files contains proper identification of the patient. Further

information varies with theindividual medical history of the patient.Traditionally,

medical records were written onpaper and maintained in folders often divided

intosections for each type of note (progress note,order, test results), with new

information addedto each section chronologically. Active recordsare usually

housed at the clinical site, but olderrecords are often archived offsite.The advent of

electronic medical records has notonly changed the format of medical records

buthas increased accessibility of files.Maintenance of medical records requires

securitymeasures to prevent from unauthorized accessor tampering with the

records.

Coulehan J.L, Block M.R. (2005) the medical history is a longitudinal record

ofwhat has happened to the patient since birth. It chronicles diseases, major and

minor illnesses, as well as growth landmarks. It gives theclinician a feel for what

has happened before tothe patient. As a result, it may often give cluesto current

disease states. It includes several subsets detailed below:

Surgical history

The surgical history is a chronicle of surgeryperformed for the patient. It may have

dates ofoperations, operative reports, and/or thedetailed narrative of what the

surgeon did.
Obstetric history

The obstetric history lists prior pregnanciesand their outcomes. It also includes

anycomplications of these pregnancies. Medications and medical allergies

Themedical record may contain a summary ofthe patient's current and previous

medicationsas well as any medical allergies.

Family history

The family history lists the health status ofimmediate family members as well as

their causes of death (if known). It may also listdiseases common in the family or

found only in one sex or the other. It may also include a pedigree chart. It is a

valuable asset inpredicting some outcomes for the patient.

Social history

The social history is a chronicle of humaninteractions. It tells of the relationships

of thepatient, his/her careers and trainings, andreligious training. It is helpful for

the physicianto know what sorts of community support thepatient might expect

during a major illness. Itmay explain the behavior of the patient inrelation to illness

or loss. It may also giveclues as to the cause of an illness (e.g. occupational

exposure to asbestos).

2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system is a manual system of medical laboratory record in which

forms are being filled by the medical laboratory attendant after questioning the

patient or people that come along with the patient, by documenting some clinical

test diagnosis done by the laboratory scientist and investigation as well.

2.2 MEANING OF COMPUTERIZATION

Computerization can be defined as the conversion of a procedure, a process that

operates manually to operate automatically. It also means technology concerned

with application of mechanical, electrical and computer based system to operate a

system. The effect of computerization is ultimately likely to be an expansion of

production or output which is greater than the existing system production result.

Computerization technology includes feedback control, computer planning, data

collection and decision making to support various activities. However,

computerization is the total and complete conversion of a manual operating or

existing system into an automating system.

2.3 REASON FOR COMPUTERIZATION

The reason for computerization cannot be over emphasized a few of the reason

among others could be summarized as follows:

i. Fast control of activities

ii. Decision making

 iii. To avoid data redundancy

iv. To increase productivities

v. To reduce high cost of labour and materials

vi. To keep proper record of the existing system

2.4 BENEFIT OF COMPUTERIZATION

By using computerized method in the existing system, some the problems

associated with the manual method involve in medical laboratory information the

following benefit are expected to be derived:

i. Accuracy: the new system provide a very high accuracy on information

concerning the medical record

ii. Update: simply means of modifying the record edit and save is possible

with the new system

iii. Speed Data: management and processing can be achieved at a high speed

with a fast response time

iv. Storage: a better and safer means of information to prevent it against loss or

damage is befitted; it also minimized the space occupied storage files.

v. Automatic: computerization is automatic once the program is located into

the computer memory: user instructions are executed with little or no

human being intervention.

vi. Processing: all the procedure and other necessary calculation are done at

very rate.
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Data collection is the collection of different fact, information and analysis in order

to draw meaningful conclusion. It could also be said as the gathering of different

varieties of information and sources use to carry a suitable conclusion. There major

categories used to group this data:

A. Primary source: these are source that are original unfiltered work of people

they contain first and information.

B. Secondary source: these are source of information that have been primarily

modified, interpreted and evaluated by second party.

C. Tertiary source: these are source that are trice remove from the original data

collection .these are categories. These are also three way of data collection

and there: questionnaire method, interview method and observation method.

i. Questionnaire method: used in collection data, it is a process of printing,

questionnaire and distribution it or the case study to gather all necessary

information method.

ii. Interview: this is face to face communication between the interview and the

respondents. It is the most widely and efficient used fact finding technique,
 facts about the existing system operation bottle necks and weakness can be

obtained by asking question and taken notes of response.

iii. Observation: this kind of method is normally carried out by observation and

then writing report on what has been observed. The method used to

collection this data was interview, which the researcher was able to

interview the medical laboratory scientist of the existing system.

System analysis: is the study of a system problem, domain to recommend

improvement and specify the possible requirement for the solution. System

analysis generally is the survey and planning of the existing system and project

system analysis of roles of the proposed system and the identification of a set

requirement that the system should meet and thus the straight point for the system

design. System analysis is the analysis of a problem that the management for the

organization is trying to solve with the help of the information system. The result is

being cumbersome and very prone to errors. As the system will involve series of

collection of medical records, codes, programs, database and interface.

3.1RE-STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The process of collection of medical records, processing is done manual and is

being faced with many drive problems. The process involves collection of medical

laboratory record and having the exact information about the records, but because
is being done manually is very prone to error. The process is usually bulky and

involves data and information of every files, they brings to mind the tendencies of

missing files. The most problem that keep suffering is missing and scattering of

files to the existing system, but with this information can be kept even for decades,

except if the system tend to delete or decide to change the software. Then one of

the problem again is the improper keeping and in other places.

3.2 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The word, which is made up of instruction and the rules that instruction must obey

from the computer language, is referred to as a programming language. In writing

this programmed in developing software, the programming language used is

Microsoft visual basic 10.0, VISUAL BASIC is a high level programming

language evolved from the earlier DOS version called BASIC. BASIC means

Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is a fairly easy programming

language to learn. The codes look a bit like English Language. Visual Basic falls

into a category of programming referred to as event-driven programming. Event-

driven programs respond to events from the computer, such as the mouse button

being pressed. The designer uses ready-made objects such as Buttons, label and
Textboxes, to build user interfaces that make up the application. This approach to

programming drastically reduces the amount of code required to develop a

Windows application.

3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

The word research is made up of two words “RE” and “SEARCH”. The word

“RE” generally, means to repeat or to do something existing over against. While

“SEARCH” means to look out for something, in the other hand, research simply

means to take a careful investigation to sort out for something in order to have a

result. In the research it is based on software development life cycle the researcher

for new software involve the system development life cycle processing which are

in different stage.

i. Planning stage/Analysis stage

ii. Design stage

iii. Implementation stage

iv. Support state/Maintenance

The form cycle is system development life cycle refers to the natural tendency for

systems to cycle through these activities.

3.4 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The method of data collection by the researcher is the interview method. Interview

is a formal meeting at which the researcher and respondent sit together that is, face

to face communication between the researcher and the respondent. It is most

widely used to get information and accurate detail about an existing system.

In the course of this research, the research has able to interview the laboratory

Items Datatype size scientist of the medical laboratory who

Surname Text 25 was able to give more details and all
Other name Text 25 necessary information needed to carry
Age Number ---- out this project.
sex Number 10

word/clinic Text 50

Hospital no. Number 10

clinic Text 100 3.5 INPUT AND OUTPUT

diagnosis Text 100 SPECIFICATION

investigation Text 100

INPUT SPECIFICATION
specimen Text 100
Input specification this shown the codes
M.O I/C Text 150
and the interface and design to accept
data computerized medical laboratory record system. The data are being entered in

by using the keyboard.

OUTPUT SPECIFICATION

The output specification, these declare and shows the result obtained from the

input that the user put and the data processing will displayed output it can be
 viewed on the interface of the screen. The outputs produce by automated system

depending on the inputs entered by the user of the computer.

surname Other age sex Word/ Hospital Clinic investigation specimen M.O

name clinic no. diagnosis I/C

3.6 FILE SPECIFICATION

Master file techniques are used in storing of this medical laboratory record. Master

file is a comprehensive file that contains detail of the patient or laboratory records.

It is file of fairly permanent in nature which is use regularly whenever these is a

change it enables the laboratory to easily modify their records and this kinds of

files is regularly update whenever there is an additional records.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 SYSTEM DESIGN

The software is design with an input interface which is used to accept data, and the

data are kept in the created database. This database is used to keep different field

that carries detailed information about each record.

The new design system can be perform a lot of function from the interface where

new record can be added new information, saved information, modify or update

information, and delete the unused information. The system is design in such a way

to prevent data redundancy and collected record. The records are stored in a build

database for safety purpose.

4.1 FUNCTION SPECIFICATION

The system is design in such away one will carefully, if not it might result to loss

of important data there are a lot of procedure attached to this particular system, but

I will give some at this point all data in the database must be watched carefully, it

must not be tempered if not the entire system will be affected the coding can only

be modified by those who knows more about the existing system operation. New

information about the system can be added by clicking on add new button on the

interface and then add a new record that you intended to add, the record can be

saved by clicking the save button and the record that is entered can be modify or

update from the interface of each record is being identified with it is title content

information and data it can be used to retrieved the record information, and data it
can be used to retrieved the record information having design the new system and

meeting the requirement there are certain procedure that guides the operation of the

system before implementation take place fully some certain steps needed to be

followed and are as:

i. Make awareness about the new build system before implementation take

place.

ii. Seminar should be organized to informed the people about operation, the

important and benefit of the automated system which has been newly

design

iii. Staff should be trained on how to use the newly developed system and how

to take an effective advantage of it.

4.1.1 FUNCTION PERFORMED

The main menu is made up of 1 menu strip which is made up of menu and sub-

menu. These Menu and sub-menus include: entry of patient, update patient record,

view all the record in the database, logout and exit. The entry of patient contain all

the necessary information observed by the laboratory scientist after filling the

information click on Add entry before entry then click on save entry the record will

automatically save in to the database. After that you can update your record you

can view it using your menu bar.

4.1.2 SYSTEM DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Start

Login Exit

Main menu

Entry View Logout Exit

Add entry Update Report All report

entry

4.1.3 USER INTERFACE DESIGN

The new design system can be perform a lot of function from the interface where

new record can be added new information, saved information, modify or update

information, and delete the unused information. The system is design in such a way

to prevent data redundancy and collected record. The records are stored in a build

database for safety purpose. The system is design in such away one will carefully,

if not it might result to loss of important data there are a lot of procedure attached

to this particular system, but I will give some at this point all data in the database
must be watched carefully, it must not be tempered if not the entire system will be

affected the coding can only be modified by those who knows more about the

existing system operation.

4.2 NEW INPUT AND OUTPUT REQUIREMENT

NEW INPUT REQUIREMENT

As earlier explained the system is design in such a way that every record is

identified with its name, content and date to every record. Information can be only

be retrieved and modified base on the stated statement with this new design system

past record can be modified from interface the program also present an easy

interface to keep record.

NEW OUTPUT REQUIREMENT

This display how the output of the new system that has been design will like from

the design interface there are a lot of button that perform a lot function each of the

button has its own function to carry out, each of the button has specific codes

written for them on how to perform function and their duties. The output is based

on what is imputed; the data control button also can be used to browse through the

existing records that are available. The output requirement is just based directly to

what is available in the database and also on the updated record that are in

database.
4.3 FILE TO BE MAINTAINED

The entire data being entered via the keyboard and they are stored in the database

for proper storage to prevent data accumulation and data redundancy. The record

that data are stored into are maintained that is record, the record are being use in

daily activities and that can be updated when new record are entered in to the

database.

4.5 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

This ought to do with all digital and analog equipment that will be used to

maintained the newly design system. A computer system is divided into two major

parts, which are the hardware and software components.

 i. Hardware: this is the physical part of computer that you can see, feel, touch

and handle. Examples of the hardware device are keyboard, mouse, printer,

monitor and system case itself.

ii. Software: Computer software is simply any set of machine-readable

instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific

operations.

Hardware required:

i. Pentium iv or equivalent

ii. 17` monitor

iii. 2GB RAM

iv. 40GB Hard disk drive

v. Stabilizer

vi. Maintenance tool

Software required:

i. Utility program

ii. Visual basic package

iii. Microsoft access

iv. NTFS operating system

v. Anti-virus
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 PROGRAM SPECIFICATION

The program was designed using visual basic. It makes use of the fundamental

program solving techniques. The software is structured in such a way that each

subsystem is selected and executed independently. The task is divided into several

modules, which come together to give the solution to the problem.

5.1 PROJECT MILESTONE

This system has been tested and found to achieve the following:

i. Creation of a data warehouse for storage of patient’s information thereby

eliminating manual file storage of patient’s medical laboratory records.

ii. Design of a good medical laboratory tool that helps in easy retrieval of

patient information thereby reducing time wastage and improve service

delivery.

iii. The medical laboratory tool can discover hidden pattern in large volume of

data which helps in good decision making.

5.2 CODING AND TESTING

Coding: this stage of the program show all the codes that were used in the

executed program, each of the textboxes, label, button and combo box has
theirown code that were used when calling them for the execution. All necessary

code are attached in this stage of the program before execution take place, this is

very sensitive stage in which if any of the code is tempered with that code it will

altered the program execution completely.

Testing: this stage of testing is being done after all coding has taken place. Having

written all the codes that are necessary for the execution of this program it ought to

be tested before it can be package for an application, this stage also help to show

how the program will work and all the activities will cover during implementation.

5.3 IMPLEMENTATION AND DISCUSSION

Implementation: After the system has been developed, a lot of work is done to put

to test. The development system Implementation is putting into effect of intension

depicted in the design stage and realized from the development stage. It has the

sole aim of integrating a provenfunctional system development through test with

hypothetical input into the operation of organization.

Before a new system is implemented, all of its component must be subjected to

extensive test to establish a logical correctness;efficiency and adherence to design

specification operations are simulated and are used to test the system.
Discussion: this project work is not at its fullest, it is just a computerization can do

since the project must be limited to particular, for the purpose of upgrading the

record keeping of sale store record it will be better adopt the system.

5.4 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

At the course of carrying out this research work a lot of problem where

encountered, these problems are listed and analyzed below:

i. Financial constraint: is the one of major problem faced during course of

study, I spend a lot of money to travel out to search for necessary material.

ii. Power failure: the rate at which power failure occur was too high which

contributed totally in the delay of completion of this project research.

iii. Case study: I face challenges in seeing the chief laboratory scientist that will

give me the permission or necessary information such as inputs, they did not

understand what I need in my project they really give me tough time. This

problem cause me a lot of transport money.

5.5 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary: This started with introducing the background of the study, statement of

the problem, objective of the study, scope of study and the significant of the study.

This project work went further to study the related literature review, the existing

system was analyzed in order to discover the weakness that existed within the
establishment. These include difficulties in retrieving patient’s information,

duplication of patient’s number and solution was also made in order to curb this

illness in the establishment. After all these, the justification for data mining was

also suggested; the reasons why the existing system should be computerized were

made known to the organization.

In fact, if implemented according to the given instructions would serve as an aid to

eliminate all constraints in the manual system presently being faced in Nagarta

medical laboratory Kaura Namoda

Furthermore, there was a look into design of the new system, analysis made on

how the new system will take care of the enumerated problems in the new system

and these were taken care of.

Finally, documentation was also provided in case there is need for future changes.

Above all, there was also user’s documentation which will serve as a guide to

anybody that wants to use the package.

Recommendation: having going through the newly develop system has been build

and how it work to serve humanity. I want to recommend to the case study and any

other record setting to employ this ideal of publishing aside the manual process and

introduce the automated system in to their field to help in reducing human labour

and to assist in keeping proper and important record that pertaining to their field.
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