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A Marvelous Transformation

A Marvelous Transformation
by Danny Fingeroth

logo of Marvel Entertainment

How one comic-book company changed the


superhero and conquered the entertainment world
Marvel's movies, TV shows, and comics are among the most popular in the world. Everybody knows
the Hulk, Spider-Man, and the Avengers, right?

Well, believe it or not, Marvel was once a tiny company with one employee and a handful of comic-
book titles. Movies and TV shows were totally off its radar.

Actually, Marvel barely existed in 1961; the company had nearly gone out of business a few years
earlier. During the 1950s, some adults began blaming comic books-without any evidence-for
encouraging teenagers to commit crimes. This led many readers to abandon the medium. Marvel's
editor-writer Stan Lee and a handful of artists struggled during those years to hold on, producing
comics about cowboys and monsters.

Getting Back in the Game


Years before, Marvel had some success with superhero comics, but those heroes had faded. By the
early 1960s, DC Comics' Superman and Batman were the stars of the comic-book world.

Marvel tried to get back in that game by developing a new kind of superhero. Stan Lee and artist Jack
Kirby created the Fantastic Four, a team featuring the stretching Mr. Fantastic, the flame-powered
Human Torch, the Invisible Girl-later Invisible Woman-and the rock-skinned, super-strong Thing.
Unlike DC's super-teams, the FF didn't always get along, but bickered and argued, just like real
people. These more realistic comic-book stars struck a chord with readers, who were growing bored
with heroes who seemed unrealistically perfect. Lee and Kirby-sometimes with help from writer
Larry Lieber-then came up with flawed heroes Iron Man, the X-Men, and the Avengers, which led to
more success.
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A Marvelous Transformation

But one more key player was still to be introduced.

With artist Steve Ditko, Lee created Marvel's most famous character: Spider-Man. "Spidey" was shy
high school student Peter Parker, who had been bitten by a radioactive spider-it could happen!-
and as a result, gained spider-powers. Readers identified with this superhero who could be you, and
Spider-Man turned into a major success.

It was time to see if Marvel heroes could be popular outside the world of comic books.

Iron Man Hits It Big


Marvel had some TV success in the 1960s, including the Spider-Man show and a live-action Hulk
series in the 1970s. But starting in 1998, things really began to change.

That year, one of the company's more obscure characters, Blade the Vampire Hunter, was featured in
the movie Blade. That success led to 2000's X-Men and 2002's Spider-Man. Those movies did well,
too, but they were done by Hollywood film studios, so Marvel had limited control over them.

In 2008, Marvel started its own film studio-enabling the company to make movies of their
complicated characters the way they wanted them to be done. That year Iron Man came out, with
Robert Downey Jr. as the title character. When Iron Man was a success, the Marvel Cinematic
Universe was launched.

Marvel could now tie its movies and TV shows into one giant storyline and bring together characters
like Thor, Iron Man, and Black Widow in the Avengers movies. The company turned comics like the
little-known Guardians of the Galaxy into popular movies.

Success followed success. In 2019, Avengers: Endgame became the top-grossing movie of all time in
the world. Now, Marvel's popularity shows no sign of running out of steam.

Not bad for a company that once upon a time almost went out of business.

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