A

SEMINAR
REPORT
ON

5G Technology
INTRODUCTION TO 5GTECHNOLOGY
The world has seen a lot of changes in the realm of communication. Today we no
more use landlines. Everyone possesses a mobile phone that functions 24X7. Our
handsets not only keep us connected with the world at large but also serve the
purpose of entertainment gadget. From 1G to 2.5G and from 3G to 5G this world
of telecommunications has seen a number of improvements along with improved
performance with every passing day.
The 5th generation is envisaged to be a complete network for wireless mobile
internet, which has the capability to offer services for accommodating the
application potential requirements without suffering the quality. The ultimate
goal of 5G is to design a real wireless world, that is free from obstacles of the
earlier generations.

5G technology will change the manner in which cellular plans are offered
worldwide. A new revolution is about to begin. The global cell phone is around
the corner. The global mobile phone will hit the localities who can call and
access from one country to another’s local phone with this new technology. The
way in which people are communicating will altogether upgrade. The utilization
of this gadget will surely move a step ahead with improved and accessible
connectivity around the world. Your office will shrink into your handset with this
cell phone that is going to resemble PDA (personal digital assistant) of twenty
first century.

EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 5G

1. 1ST GENERATION
First Generation wireless technology (1G) is the original analog (An analog or
analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature
(variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity),
voice-only cellular telephone standard, developed in the 1980s. The prominent
ones among 1G system were advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), Nordic
mobile telephone (NMT), and total
access communication system (TACS).
 Fig. 1G Mobile

• Developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s

• Based on analog system
• Speed up to 2.4 kbps
• AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it
Was the 1G mobile system
• Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country

2. 2ND GENERATION
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology.
Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on
the GSM standard in Finland in 1991. 2G network allows for much greater
penetration intensity. 2G technologies enabled the various mobile phone
networks to provide the services such as text messages, picture messages and
MMS (Multi Media Messages). 2G technology is more efficient. 2G technology
holds sufficient security for both the sender and the receiver. All text messages
are digitally encrypted. This digital encryption allows for the transfer of data in
such a way that only the intended receiver can receive and read it.

Second generation technologies are either time division multiple access (TDMA)
or code division multiple access (CDMA). TDMA allows for the division of
signal into time slots. CDMA allocates each user a special code to communicate
over a multiplex physical channel. Different TDMA technologies are GSM,
PDC, iDEN, IS-136. CDMA technology is IS-95. GSM (Global system for
mobile communication) is the most admired standard of all the mobile
technologies. GSM technology was the first one to help establish international
roaming. This enabled the mobile subscribers to use their mobile phone
connections in many different countries of the world’s is based on digital
signals ,unlike 1G technologies which were used to transfer analogue signals.
GSM has enabled the users to make use of the short message
 Fig. 2G Mobile

• Developed in late 1980s & completed in late 1990s

• Based on digital system
• Speed up to 64 kbps
• Services such are digital voice & SMS with more clarity
• Semi global facility

2G are the handsets we are using today, with 2.5G having more capabilities

3. 3RD GENERATION

International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT—2000), better known as

3G or 3rd Generation, is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile
telecommunications services fulfilling specifications by the International
Telecommunication Union. The use of 3G technology is also able to transmit
packet switch data efficiently at better and increased bandwidth. 3G mobile
technologies proffers more advanced services to mobile users. The spectral
efficiency of 3G technology is better than 2G technologies. Spectral efficiency is
the measurement of rate of information transfer over any communication system.
3G is also known as IMT-2000.
 Fig. 3G Mobile

 Developed between late 1990s & early 2000s until present day
 In 2005, 3G is ready to live up to its performance in computer
networking (WCDMA, WLAN and Bluetooth) and mobile devices
area (cell phone and GPS)
 Transmission speed from 125 kbps to 2 Mbps
 Superior voice quality
 Good clarity in video conference
 Data are sent through technology called packet switching
 Voice calls are interpreted using circuit switching
 Fast Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, E-mail, PDA, information surfing, on-line
shopping/ banking, Multi Media Messaging Service (MMS), 3D gaming, Multi-
Gaming etc.
 Global roaming

4. 4TH GENERATION
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a
successor to 3G and 2G families of standards. The fourth generation (4G)
is a conceptual framework and a discussion point to address future needs of
a high speed wireless network that can transmit multimedia and data to and
interface with wire-line backbone network perfectly just raised in 2002.
The speeds of 4G can theoretically be promised up to 1Gbps.

Some of the applications of 4G are:

 Mobile TV – a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the
subscriber's phone where it can be watched.
 Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's
phone.
 Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.
 Tele-medicine – a medical provider monitors or provides advice to
the potentially isolated subscriber.
 Location-based services – a provider sends localized weather or
traffic conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to
find nearby businesses or friends.
 Mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier
transmission.
 Mobile WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access).

Fig. 4G Mobile

i. Developed in 2010
 ii. Faster & more reliable
iii. Speed up to 100 Mbps
iv. Both cellular and broadband multimedia services
everywhere
v. High performance
vi. Easy global roaming
vii. Low cost

5. 5TH GENERATION

5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G technology has

changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never
experienced ever before such a high value technology. The 5G technologies
include all type of advanced features which makes 5G technology most powerful
and in huge demand in near future.
The gigantic array of innovative technology being built into new cell phones is
stunning. 5G technologies which are on hand held phone offering more power
and features than at least 1000 lunar modules. A user can also hook their 5G
technology cell phone with their Laptop to get broadbandInternet access.
5G technology including camera, MP3 recording, videoPlayer, large phone
memory, dialling speed, audio player and much more you never imagine.

Fig. 5G Mobile
 Next major phase of mobile telecommunication & wireless system
 10 times more capacity than others
 Expected speed up to 1 Gbps
 More faster & reliable than 4G
 Lower cost than previous generations
 KEY CONCEPT
 Real wireless world with no more limitation with access and zone issues.
 Wearable devices with AI (Artificial Intelligence) capabilities.
 Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), where a visiting care-of mobile IP
address is assigned according to location and connected network.
 One unified global standard.
 Dynamic Ad hoc Wireless Networks (DAWN), essentially identical to
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET), Wireless mesh network (WMN) or
 Wireless grids, combined with smart antennas, cooperative diversity and
flexible modulation.
 User centric (or cell phone developer initiated) network concept instead of
operator-initiated (as in 1G) or system developer initiated (as in 2G,3G and
4G) standards.
 World Wide wireless web (WWWW), i.e. comprehensive wireless- based
web applications that include full multimedia capability beyond4G speeds.
 Pervasive networks providing ubiquitous computing: The user can
simultaneously be connected to several wireless access technologies
andSeamlessly move between them (See Media independent handover or
vertical handover, IEEE 802.21, also expected to be provided by future 4G
releases). These access technologies can be a 2.5G, 3G, 4G or 5G mobile
networks, Wi-Fi, WPAN or any other future access technology. In 5G, the
concept may be further developed into multiple concurrent data transfer
paths.
 Cognitive radio technology, also known as smart-radio: allowing Different
radio technologies to share the same spectrum efficiently byAdaptively
finding unused spectrum and adapting the transmission scheme to the
requirements of the technologies currently sharing the spectrum. This
dynamic radio resource management is achieved in a distributed fashion,
and relies on software defined radio.
 High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) systems.
 Group cooperative relay: A major issue in beyond 4G systems is to make
the high bit rates available in a larger portion of the cell,Especially to users
in an exposed position in between several base stations. In current research,
this issue is addressed by cellular repeaters and macro-diversity techniques,
also known as group cooperative relay, as well as by beam division
multiple access (BDMA)
 ARCHITECTURE OF 5G

1. TERMINAL DESIGN

Fig. Mobile Terminal Design of 5G

2. COMPARISION WITH OSI MODEL

Let us compare the protocol stack of 5G wireless with the OSI Model using the
fig. below.
 Fig. Comparision with OSI Model

OPEN WIRELESS ARCHITECTURE (OWA)

Physical layer + Data link layer = OWA

OSI layer 1 i.e. Physical layer & OSI layer 2 i.e. Data link layer define the
wireless technology.
For these two layers the 5G mobile network is likely to be based on Open
Wireless Architecture (OWA)

4. NETWORK LAYER

• All mobile networks will use mobile IP.

• Each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent).

• A mobile can be attached to several mobiles or wireless networks at the same

time.

• The fixed IPv6 will be implemented in the mobile phones.

• Separation of network layer into two sub-layers:

(i) Lower network layer (for each interface)

(ii) Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal)

 Fig. Network layer of 5G wireless

5. OPEN TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (OTP)

Transport layer + Session layer = OTP

• Wireless network differs from wired network regarding the transport layer.

• In all TCP versions the assumption is that lost segments are due to network
congestion.

• In wireless, the loss is due to higher bit error ratio in the radio interface.

• 5G mobile terminals have transport layer that is possible to be downloaded &

installed which is based on Open Transport Protocol.

6. PPLICATION LAYER

Presentation layer + Application layer = Application layer (5G)

• Provides intelligent QoS (Quality of Service) management over variety of

networks.

• Provides possibility for service quality testing & storage of measurement

information in information database in the mobile terminal.

• Select the best wireless connection for given services.

 • QoS parameters, such as, delay, losses, BW, reliability, will be stored in DB
(Database) of 5G mobile.

7. FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE

Below figure shows the system model that proposes design of network architecture for
5G mobile systems, which is all-IP based model for wireless and mobile networks
interoperability. The system consists of a user terminal (which has a crucial role in the
new architecture) and a number of independent, autonomous radio access
technologies. Within each of the terminals, each of the radio access technologies is
seen as the IP link to the outside Internet world. However, there should be different
radio interface for each Radio Access Technology (RAT) in the mobile terminal. For
an example, if we want to have access to four different RATs, we need to have four
different access – specific interfaces in the mobile terminal, and to have all of them
active at the same time, with aim to have this architecture to be functional applications
and servers somewhere on the Internet. Routing of packets should be carried out in
accordance with established policies of the user.
 Fig. Functional Architecture of 5G Wireless

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF 5G

1. HARDWARE OF 5G

• It uses UWB (Ultra Wide Band) networks with higher BW at low energy
levels.

• This BW is of 4000 Mbps, which is 400 times faster than today’s wireless
networks.

• It uses smart antenna either Switched Beam Antennas or Adaptive Array

Antennas.

• It uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).

2. SOFTWARE OF 5G

• 5G will be single unified standard of different wireless networks, including

LAN technologies, LAN/WAN, WWWW- World Wide Wireless Web,
unified IP & seamless combination of broadband.
• Software defined radio, Packet layer, Implementation of Packets,
Encryption, Flexibility, Anti-Virus.

FEATURES,

• 5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi-
directional large bandwidth shaping.
• The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it more
attractive and effective.

• 5G technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fast

action.
• The high quality services of 5G technology based on Policy to
avoid error.
• 5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which
supporting almost 65,000 connections.
• 5G technologyoffer transporter class gateway with unparalleled
consistency.
• The traffic statistics by 5G technology makes it more accurate.
• Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can
get better and fast solution.
• The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology.
• The 5G technology is providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed.
• The 5G technology also support virtual private network.

APPLICATIONS

 The new 5G technology will take all delivery service out of

business prospect
 Wearable devices with AI (Artificial Intelligence) capabilities
 Pervasive (Global) networks
 Media independent handover
 Radio resource management
th
 VoIP (Voice over IP) enabled devicesWith 6 sense technology
 ADVANTAGES
 Media independent handover.
 Radio resource management.

 High Altitude Stratospheric Platform Station (HAPS) systems.

 Data BW of 1 Gbps or higher
 Globally accessible
 Dynamic information access
 Available at low cost

SUMMARY

 3G- Operator Centric,

4G- Service Centric whereas
5G- User Centric
 We have proposed 5G wireless concept designed as an open platform
on different layers.
 A new revolution of 5G technology is going to give tough completion to
normal computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be
effected.

 The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordable

rates, high peak future and much reliability than its preceding
 Technologies.

 This technology helps to promotes stronger links between people

working in different fields creating future concepts of mobile

 Communication , internet services , cloud computing , all pie network ,

and nanotechnology.
.
CHAPTER – 5
 CHAPTER – 6

Fig. 2G Mobile
Fig. 5G Mobile

1. TERMINAL DESIGN
Fig. Comparision with OSI Model

HITECTURE (OWA)
Fig. 2G Mobile 1. TERMINAL DESIGN
layer = OWA Fig. 5G Mobile
ayer & OSI layer 2 i.e. Data link layer define the wireless technology.
e 5G mobile network is likely to be based on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)
Fig. Comparision with OSI Model
HITECTURE (OWA)
layer = OWA
ayer & OSI layer 2 i.e. Data link layer define the wireless technology.
e 5G mobile network is likely to be based on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)

6.3 APPLICATIONS
Wearable device with AI capabilities.

 Pervasive (Global) networks.



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 CHCHAPTE
RCH


 References

[1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G
[2] Google.com
[3] Studymafia.org

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