Compendium of Recycle and Reuse of Wastewater in 54 Million

COMPENDIUM OF
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF

WASTEWATER
In 54 Million Plus Cities
Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO)

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India
September 2021
mohua.gov.in / cpheeo.gov.in
Disclaimer
The information contained herein has been obtained from ULBs and data was collected over a period
of 6-9 months. Ministry shall have no liability for errors, omissions or inadequacies in the
information contained herein or for interpretation thereof. Keeping in view of the latest
developments, this compendium may be updated from time to time.
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Durga Shanker Mishra Government of India
Secretary Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi-110011
FOREWORD
lndia accounts for 16% of the world's population and 4 % of the world's freshwater resources. Due to rapid economic
and demographic change, the water demand in all the sectors are increasing exponentially and use of recycled
wastewater should be an alternative option to meet the non-potable water demand. When treated wastewater is reused
for various non potable applications, fresh water is conserved and will boost circular economy in water sector.
Today with the advancement of technology, there are good examples of countries like Israel, South Africa, Australia,
USA, Europe etc. who have ventured into recycle and reuse of wastewater and they are not only using the treated
wastewater for industrial & agricultural purposes but also for indirect potable applications.
The practice of using treated or untreated wastewater for agriculture has also been historically prevalent in India,
however there is a need to understand the economic, environmental, social and health implication of use of untreated
wastewater and mitigating any deleterious effects from the use of the same. Many cities in India also encourage
wastewater reuse to conserve fresh water sources and generate revenue from the sale of treated wastewater for
industries. A utility derives the following benefits from recycle & reuse of treated wastewater for various non-
potable applications,
• Recycled wastewater and its sale to industrial customers and other needs, frees up fresh water hitherto used,
which could be used to augment and meet the ever increasing water needs.
• This option is less expensive as compared to other options to augment existing water supplies from distant
water sources or expensive treatment such as desalination.
• Revenue from sale of secondary treated wastewater can cover operation and maintenance costs of STPs.
Recently, Govt. of India announced Jal Jeevan Mission for urban areas with one of the objectives to make cities,
water secure by promoting circular economy in water sector. Since, recycle and reuse of wastewater enhances water
security, sustainability and resilience in the water sector across the country, it is the need of the hour to strictly
adhere to at least 20% recycling and reuse of wastewater by all the cities as per Service Level Benchmarking
published by the Ministry. A compendium of recycle and reuse has been prepared by CPHEEO, collating various
exemplary recycle and reuse projects being practiced in 54 Million plus cities across the country.
I encourage all the cities to adopt recycle and reuse of treated wastewater and wish that this compendium will be
useful for all State Governments/ ULBs/ PHEDs/ Jal Nigam etc., for scaling-up their wastewater recycling facilities
in order to aid Circular Economy & achieve Sustainable Development Goals.
I congratulate Dr. M. Dhinadhayalan, Adviser (PHEE) and his team in CPHEEO who
preparation of this Compendium.
New Delhi
21" 1 September, 2021
Office Address: Room No. 122 'C' Wing, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi-110011
Tel.: 011-23062377, 23061179; Fax: 011-23061459; Email: [email protected]
Website: www.mohua.gov.in
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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
D. Thara, I.A.S. MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS
Joint Secretary
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PREFACE
Due to alarming population explosion coupled with rapid urbanization and industrialization, catering to
good quality potable water and also the treatment of wastewater have become a major challenge.
With decreasing availability of freshwater and increasing costs for delivering acceptable water quality
and quantity due to long distant sources, cities are facing numerous challenges in achieving efficient
service delivery. Due to vagaries in rainfall pattern and dwindling of groundwater resources, different
parts of the country are not getting adequate and reliable water resources for various purposes,
pushing the nation's water systems to the brink and forced to think about alternatives. In this
context, recycle and reuse of wastewater will be an alternative to resolve the water crisis and achieve
sustainable water future by conserving fresh water, thus makingthe cities, water secure & resilient.
Many cities are implementing recycling and reuse projects under various Missions of the Ministry as
well as under State Programmes. However, no information is available with the Ministry on these
projects. CPHEEO has attempted to collect and compile the details of recycling and reuse of
wastewater projects practiced in all 54 Million plus cities with an objective to share the information on
various best practices and also the technologies adopted for recycle and reuse of wastewater.
As per CPCB report on "National Inventory of Sewage Treatment Plants" published in March, 2021,
the sewage generation from all the urban centres is estimated as 72,368 MLD and there are 1,093
operational STPs with a total capacity of 26,869 MLD (37.10%). As per the information collected by
CPHEEO from 54 Million plus cities, there are 32 cities which have adopted recycle and reuse projects
and 22 cities have not implemented recycle and reuse projects. The total wastewater generation
from all the 54 Million plus cities is 23,512 MLD, quantity of wastewater treated is 13,157 MLD
including 4,177 MLD which is recycled and reused.
This compendium provides exemplary cases of our cities and bridge the knowledge gap so as to
encourage cities to promote circular economy in the water sector. It is desirable that cities should
promote recycle & reuse of wastewater for various non-potable applications, by making this practice
as mandatory through changes in State / local regulations. It is envisioned to make water secure
cities by promoting circular economy under the proposed Jal Jeevan Mission - Urban.
I express my best wishes and hope that the 'Compendium of Recycle and Reuse of Wastewater in 54
Million plus Cities will be helpful for urban areas in transition to circular water economy. I take this
opportunity to appreciate efforts of Dr. M. Dhinadhayalan, Adviser (PHEE) and his team in drafting
the Compendium. I also acknowledge and appreciate the valuable contribution of Commissioners and
Engineers of respective Municipal Corporations, PHEDs, Water and Sewerage Boards in sharing their
best recycle & reuse practices.
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Office: 144-C, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi-110011, Phone: 011-23061444, 23061991

Email: [email protected], Website: www.mohua.gov.in
Dr. M. Dhinadhayalan '4ml fF(cfi I{
Adviser (PHEE), 3-i I cl I fFt ~ ~ "cfi"Ff '-15l I i:.1 .!.l
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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Tel.(O): 91-11-23061926
MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS
Fax : 91-11-23062559 NIRMAN BHAWAN
E-mail : [email protected] ~ ~-110011, dlft& 20
New Delhi-110011, dated the 20
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Population of urban India is increasing at an alarming rate, creating huge stress on the exiting natural resources
including water. As per report of World Resource Institute, 2015, 54% of India's total area is facing high to
extremely high water stress, almost 600 million people are at higher risk of surface water supply disruptions. 54%
of India's groundwater wells are decreasing. The onus is on authorities to not only deal with solving water crises
but also to efficiently treat the wastewater generated and explore other means and modes to recycle & reuse the
treated wastewater for various non-potable applications like industries, agriculture, horticulture, farm forestry,
toilet flushing, groundwater recharge, augmenting primary water sources, fish culture, commercial uses etc. so as
to reduce the burden on fresh water.
In order to assess the extent of recycle and reuse of treated wastewater in 54 Million plus cities across the country,
an exercise was undertaken by CPHEEO to collect and compile the data with respect to their population, wastewater
generation, STP capacity and extent of recycle & reuse of wastewater. The details in respect of technologies
adopted, capital cost, 0 & M cost and PPP arrangement are also captured in the compendium.
Out of 54 Million plus cities, 32 cities have success stories of recycle and reuse of wastewater for industries,
irrigation & agricultural purposes, and remaining 22 cities have not implemented any recycle and reuse projects.
11 cities that are practicing recycle and reuse of wastewater are generating revenue from sale of wastewater. The
total sewage generation from all 54 Million plus cities is 23512 MLD and the total number of operational STPs are
345 nos. with a capacity of 19266 MLD (81.7%). The quantity of wastewater treated is 13157 MLD, of which 4177
MLD is recycled and reused which accounts for 17.71 % of the total wastewater generated. It was observed that 18
cities out of 54 cities have achieved more than 20% ofrecycle and reuse, which is highly appreciable. Gwalior and
Nashik have achieved 100% recycle and reuse of wastewater by discharging secondary treated wastewater in rivers
and diverting it for irrigation purpose. 14 cities also have tertiary treatment plants with Ultra Filtration, Disk
filtration, RO etc.
The best practice case studies of 32 cities practicing recycle and reuse of treated wastewater are compiled and
presented in Part I of the Compendium. Though specific information regarding all the STPs that are treating
wastewater for recycle and reuse applications from different cities are collected, the details of only few STPs are
described in the Compendium and have been endorsed by respective city. The details of wastewater generation and
treatment capacity in respect of 22 cities that are not practicing recycling and reuse of wastewater are also presented
in the Part II of the compendium with a view to assess the reuse potential for various industrial applications. The
details of all 54 Million plus cities, population, wastewater generation, STP capacity, wastewater treated, extent of
recycle & reuse, revenue generation, treatment technologies are depicted in Part III of the Compendium in a tabular
format.
The details of wastewater generation, treatment capacity and extent of recycle and reuse of wastewater from all the
54 million plus cities are extracted and given in the following table.
SI Cities Population ( Current Quantity of Total Capacity Quantity %of
As Per 2011 Wastewater wastewater No. of ofSTPs of treated treated
N census) Generation treated STPs (MLD) wastewate wastewater
0 (MLD) (MLD) r reused reused
(MLD)
1 Agra 1844000 285 165 9 221 100 35.04
2 Ahmedabad 7100000 1080 878 12 990 512 47.41
3 Amritsar 1321000 210 190 3 218 3 1.43
4 Asansol 1156387 144 0 2 0 0 0.00
(defunct)
5 Aurangabad 1175116 85 127 4 211 75 88.76
6 Bengaluru 8450000 1440 920 32 1183 460 31.94
7 Bhilai 625000 57 23 1 30 22 38.45
8 Bhopal 1790000 301 80 13 144 23 7.64
9 Chandigarh 1055000 227 227 6 244 27 11.92
IO Chennai 7438000 1199 530 13 745 52 4.34
11 Coimbatore 1620000 133 30 3 170 21 16.00
12 Delhi 11000000 3268 2383 40 3058 340 10.40
13 Dhanbad 1162470 94 0 1 0 0 0.00
14 Faridabad 1438855 197 30 4 165 8 4.06
15 Ghaziabad 1648643 300 300 8 483 80 26.67
16 Greater 12440000 2190 349 8 2721 49 2.23
Mumbai
17 Gwalior 1159032 169 169 5 223 169 100.00
18 Hyderabad 7499587 1975 772 21 772 70 3.54
19 Indore 1990000 312 312 10 413 102 32.53
20 Jabalpur 1054336 146 17 3 51 17 11.61
21 Jaipur 3046000 180 121 4 183 0 0.00
22 Jamshedpur 631364 158 55 4 64 40 25.32
23 Jodhpur 2050000 110 85 3 120 85 77.27
24 Kannur 232634 31 0 0 0 0 0.00
25 Kanpur 2765358 410 355 7 472 338 82.44
26 Kochi 602046 75 5 2 5 0 0.00
27 Kolkata 4580582 1400 179 5 179 0 0.00
28 Kollam 367107 42 0 0 0 0 0.00
29 Kota 457540 87 20 2 26 0 0.00
30 Kozhikode 613255 60 0 0 0 0 0.00
31 Lucknow 2817105 434 401 3 401 0 0.00
32 Ludhiana 1900000 625 418 5 466 0 0.00
33 Madurai 1468000 61 38 2 171 38 62.00
34 Malappuram 77136 8 0 1 0 0 0.00
35 Meerut 1305429 316 72 I 72 0 0.00
36 Nagpur 2405000 520 340 4 340 314 60.29
37 Nashik 2000000 320 331 10 361 320 100.00
38 Navi Mumbai 1120547 215 215 7 454 65 30.23
39 Patna 1683000 258 43 3 140 0 0.00
40 Prayagraj 1536518 366 268 7 268 40 10.94
41 Pune 3100000 750 535 10 567 400 53.33
42 Raipur 1048120 167 0 0 0 0 0.00
43 Rajkot 1969000 220 120 6 317 0 0.00
44 Ranchi 1073427 94 9 7 11 7 7.66
45 Srinagar 1202000 147 49 7 59 0 0.00
46 Surat 6500000 956 928 11 1373 319 33.37
47 Thiruvanantha 955494 140 60 1 107 0 0.00
puram
48 Thrissur 315957 25 0 0 0 0 0.00
49 Trichy 1045436 115 58 1 88 0 0.00
50 Vadodara 1740000 409 273 7 277 3 0.78
51 Varanasi 1197051 302 265 5 362 0 0.00
52 Vasai Virar 1222000 259 18 1 30 0 0.00
53 Vijayawada 1034358 149 130 7 150 0 0.00
54 Visakhapatnam 1890000 290 265 16 166 79 27.26
Total 128918890 23512 13157 345 19266 4177 17.77%
Since recycle and reuse of wastewater involves multi stakeholder approach involving government authorities,
industries and also public, Public Private Partnership shall also be explored to make it as successful working
models. The compendium gives an idea of different treatment technologies adopted by the cities, capital cost,
operating and maintenance cost, challenges faced, lessons learnt etc.
It is hoped that this compendium will help cities dealing with scarcity of fresh water and struggling to cater to
the problems concerning excess wastewater generation and treatment to incorporate recycle and reuse projects.
Also, motivate other cities to upscale recycle and reuse of the treated wastewater projects.
I congratulate Ms. Chaitra Devoor, Asst. Adviser (PHEE) and Ms. Rojna Sharma, Consultant in collecting and
compiling the details of recycle and reuse projects in the Compendium.
Contents
Foreword .........................................................................................................................................
Preface ............................................................................................................................................
Executive summary ..........................................................................................................................
Abbreviations and Acronyms ...........................................................................................................
PART I: LIST OF 32 CITIES PRACTICING RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER

Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Agra ........................................................................................ 1
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Ahmedabad ............................................................................ 4
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Amritsar ................................................................................. 7
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Aurangabad ............................................................................ 9
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Bengaluru ............................................................................. 11
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Bhilai .................................................................................... 15
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Bhopal .................................................................................. 17
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Chandigarh ........................................................................... 19
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Chennai ................................................................................ 21
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Coimbatore .......................................................................... 26
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Delhi ..................................................................................... 28
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Faridabad ............................................................................. 32
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Ghaziabad............................................................................. 34
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Greater Mumbai ................................................................... 36
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Gwalior ................................................................................. 40
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Hyderabad ............................................................................ 43
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Indore ................................................................................... 46
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Jabalpur ................................................................................ 49
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Jamshedpur .......................................................................... 51
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Jodhpur ................................................................................ 54
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Kanpur .................................................................................. 57
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Madurai ................................................................................ 60
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Nagpur ................................................................................. 62
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Nashik .................................................................................. 65
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Navi Mumbai ........................................................................ 69
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Prayagraj .............................................................................. 71
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Pune ..................................................................................... 73
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Ranchi .................................................................................. 76
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Surat ..................................................................................... 78
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Vadodara .............................................................................. 82
Recycle and reuse of wastewater in Varanasi ............................................................................... 84
Recycle ad reuse of wastewater in Visakhapatnam ....................................................................... 86
PART II: LIST OF 22 CITIES NOT PRACTICING RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER
Proforma of Asansol..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……..90
Proforma of Dhanbad……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………….…..91
Proforma of Jaipur……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………......92
Proforma of Kannur……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………93
Proforma of Kochi……………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………...94
Proforma of Kolkata…………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……..….…...95
Proforma of Kollam……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….…96
Proforma of Kota……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..97
Proforma of Kozhikode…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………98
Proforma of Lucknow………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..……..99
Proforma of Ludhiana…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..100
Proforma of Malappuram……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………101
Proforma of Meerut……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..102
Proforma of Patna………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….…..103
Proforma of Raipur………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….…..104
Proforma of Rajkot…………………………………………….…………………………………………………………….….….…...105
Proforma of Srinagar……………………….……….………………………………………………….…………………….…….…..106
Proforma of Thiruvananthapuram………………………………………………………………………….……………….…...107
Proforma of Thrissur………………………………………………………………………………………….…….……………….….108
Proforma of Tiruchirappalli…………….………………………………………………………………….…….……………….….109
Proforma of Vasai Virar…………………………………………………………………………………….………...……………....110
Proforma of Vijayawada…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..….111
PART III: OVERVIEW OF RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER PRACTICES IN 54 MILLION PLUS CITIES
Abbreviations and Acronyms
ACF Activated Carbon Filtration

ADA Agra Development Authority
AMC Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation
AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
ASP Activated Sludge Process
BDL Below Detection Limit
BEL Bharat Electronic Limited
BNR Biological Nutrient Removal
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BSP Bhilai Steel Plant
BWSSB Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board
CEPT Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology
CGWB Central Ground Water Board
CMWSSB Chennai Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization
DJB Delhi Jal Board
DPR Detailed Project Report
FC Faecal Coliform
GHMC Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
GIDC Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation
GoI Government of India
GoTN Government of Tamil Nadu
GVMC Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation
HMDA Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority
HMWSSB Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board
HPCL Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
IAF Indian Air Force
IEC Information, Education & Communication
IOCL Indian Oil Corporation Limited
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
KIADB Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board
KIAL Kannur International Airport Limited
KPCL Karnataka Power Corporation Limited
KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
MAHAGENCO Maharashtra State Power Generation Company
MBBR Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
MCGM Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
MHADA Maharashtra Housing and Development Authority
MLD Million Litre Per Day
MoHUA Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MPN Most Probable Number
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
NMC Nagpur Municipal Corporation
NMMC Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation
NWWMPL Nagpur Waste Water Management Pvt. Ltd.
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PMC Pune Municipal Corporation
PPCL Pragati Power Corporation Limited
PPP Public Private Partnership
RIL Reliance Industries Limited
RINL Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd.
RMBR Rotating Media Bioreactor
RO Reverse Osmosis
SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited
SBR Sequential Batch Reactor
SMC Surat Municipal Corporation
SPV Special Purpose Vehicle
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SVPIMSR Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TTRO Tertiary Treatment Reverse Osmosis
UASB Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
UF Ultra Filtration
UGD Underground Drainage
ULB Urban Local Body
UT Union Territory
UV Ultraviolet
VEL Vishwaraj Environment Pvt. Ltd.
VMC Vadodara Municipal Corporation
VPT Visakhapatnam Port Trust
WSP Waste Stabilization Pond
PART I: CITIES PRACTICING
WASTEWATER
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN AGRA
Agra is one of the major cities of Uttar Pradesh and has population of 18.44 Lakhs (as per 2011 census)
living in 244.14 Sq. km of Agra municipal corporation area. The city generates 285.39 MLD of
wastewater. Agra Municipal Corporation and Agra Development Authority (ADA) provides water
supply and sewerage services to the city. There are 9 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with
a total treatment capacity of 220.75 MLD. 7 STPs of 180.25 MLD and 2 STPs of 40.5 MLD are operated
by Agra Municipal Corporation and Agra Development Authority respectively. Wastewater is treated
through various treatment technologies like Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB), Waste
Stabilization Pond (WSP), Extended Aeration, etc. Approximately 100 MLD of treated wastewater is
being reused for Irrigation and horticultural purposes.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 78 MLD at Dhandhupura and 14 MLD in Jaganpur Dayalbagh are presented
as successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Agra.
Name/Location of the Sewage Dhandhupura STP Jaganpur Dayalbagh

Treatment Plant
Capacity 78MLD 14MLD
Year of commissioning 2001 2011
Implemented by Yamuna pollution control UP Jal Nigam

Unit, UP Jal Nigam, Agra
Total Capital cost Rs. 22.71 Crore Rs. 7.51 Crore
Technology adopted Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge

Blanket Reactor (UASB) Blanket Reactor (UASB)
Quantity of wastewater 70MLD 12MLD

received and treated
Area/Purpose of Reuse For Horticulture uses only For Horticulture uses only
Agency responsible for O & M Va Tech Wabag Ltd. Va Tech Wabag Ltd.
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 154.44 Lakh per month Rs. 27.72 Lakh per month
cost (Inclusive of consumable and (Inclusive of consumable and
cost of manpower) cost of manpower)
Energy Cost Rs. 432.73 Lakh per year Rs. 77.66 Lakh per year
Sludge Generation 65 MT/month 55 MT/month
Mode of treatment and Sludge Drying Bed/used as Sludge Drying Bed/used as

disposal of Sludge manure in agriculture manure in agriculture
1
Treated wastewater is passed through effluent channel of approximately 7 km in length to river
Yamuna. Approximately 100 MLD wastewater is being reused for irrigation and horticultural purposes
from this channel. Currently, no revenue is generated from the reuse of wastewater, however, the
reuse of treated wastewater has dual benefit of saving the fresh water consumption for irrigation and
the cost incurred it.
Performance of Treatment Plant

1. 78 MLD plant in Dhandhupura
Parameters Sewage Inflow1 Design value2 After

Treatment3
Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 160 150-250 < 30
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 400 250-500 < 250
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 230 200-600 < 50
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) - - -
Total Phosphorous (mg/l) - - -
Fecal Coliform (MPN/100mL) - - -
2. 14 MLD plant in Jaganpur Dayalbagh

Treatment3
Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 160 150-250 < 30
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 500 250-500 < 250
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 250 200-600 < 50
Fecal Coliform (MPN/100mL) 106 >1000 850
1
Influent refers to inflow of sewage
2
Design value refers to system handling capacity
3
Effluent refers to treated wastewater
2
Photos of STPs
78 MLD STP at Dhandhupura
14 MLD STP at Jaganpur Dayalbagh
3
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN AHMEDABAD
Ahmedabad is one of the mega cities of Gujarat and has a population of about 71 lakhs (as per 2011
census) living in 488 Sq. km of municipal area. The city generates 1080 MLD of wastewater.
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) provides water supply and sewerage services to the city.
AMC has so far established 12 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment
capacity of 990 MLD treated through secondary treatment process like Activated Sludge Process. Out
of 990MLD, around 512 MLD is reused mainly for irrigation and agriculture purposes and 2 MLD is
being supplied for industrial purposes.
Vinzol STP of 70 MLD capacity has been presented as successful recycle and reuse of wastewater
project in Ahmedabad.
Name/ Location of the Sewage Vinzol STP

Treatment Plant
Capacity of STP 70MLD
Year of Commissioning 2011
Implemented by AMC (the responsible Urban Local Body (ULB))
Under JnNURM
ULB Share: 50%
Central govt. share: 35%
State govt. share: 15%
Total Capital cost Rs. 30.3 Cr from ULB
Technology adopted Activated Sludge Process
Quantity of wastewater received 70 MLD
Quantity of wastewater treated 70 MLD through Secondary treatment
Quantity of wastewater reused 2 MLD - Vatva CETP (Green Environment Services Co-Op.
Society Ltd.)
Agency responsible for O&M M/S. Rajkamal Builders Private Limited
Total O&M cost Rs. 4.50 lakh per month (excluding energy cost)
Energy cost Rs. 4.80 lakh per month
Consumables/repairs O&M cost is inclusive of Consumables/repairs Cost (approx.
Rs. 2 lakh per month)
Manpower (Skilled & Unskilled O&M cost is inclusive of manpower
personnel) (approx. Rs. 2.5 lakh per month)
Sludge generation 60-65 m3/month
Mode of treatment & disposal of Sludge dewatering and irradiation of sludge at sludge
sludge hygienisation plant.
4
Sewage Design After

Sl.No. Parameters
inflow1 value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 200 – 250 <20 20 - 25
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 450 – 500 <100 80 - 100
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 300 – 350 <30 30 - 40
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 25 – 30 - -
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) - - -
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - 1000 - -
10000
1
2
3
In Vinzol STP, the treated wastewater is being used for Industrial purpose by Vatva CETP (Green
Environment Services Co-Op. Society ltd.) thereby saving the fresh water to the tune of 2 MLD. The
sale of treated water has generated an income of Rs. 407.42 Lakh since May 2014 till March 2021 for
the ULB. Treated sludge is being used as fertiliser in agriculture/horticulture development thereby
saving an approximate amount of Rs. 2 Lakh per month on fertiliser/manure. Treatment of industrial
effluent which gets infiltrated, shock loads in terms of higher COD and acidic pH is a key challenge
faced by AMC.
The following table depicts the details of existing recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in
Ahmedabad
Present Installed Plant Existing Reuse Treated Sewage Reuse

Capacity (in MLD) recycling
capacity
(MLD)
Vasna 240 240 Irrigation to agricultural land through Fatewadi canal
Vasna 126 126 by Irrigation department of Govt. of Gujarat.
Vasna 35 35
Vasna 48 48
Jalvihar 60 60
Vastrapur Gardening, central verge plantations and nuisance
0.50 0.5
Lake tanker filling and mission million tree watering.
Law garden and Parimal garden, zone level
Rasala 1 1 plantations and nuisance tanker filling and mission
million tree watering.
Gardening and flushing purposes by dual plumbing
V.S. Hospital 1 1
installation at new SVPIMSR hospital.
Vinzol 70 2 2 MLD treated sewage is being supplied to Vatva
CETP for their reuse purpose.
5
Nikol 0.50 0.5 Gardening, central verge plantations and nuisance
tanker filling and mission million Tree Watering.
Total existing reuse 514
recycling capacity
Photos of STP
70 MLD Vinzol STP
6
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN AMRITSAR
Amritsar is one of the major cities in Punjab and has population of about 13.21 Lakhs (as per census
2011) living in 139 Sq. km of municipal area. The city generates 210 MLD of wastewater. Amritsar
Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services to the city. The
Municipal Corporation has so far established 3 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total
treatment capacity of 217.5 MLD of which 190 MLD of wastewater is treated through secondary
treatment technology like Activated Sludge Process (ASP) and Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR). 3 MLD
of wastewater is currently reused inside STP premises for gardening and horticulture purposes.
Sewage treatment plant of 95 MLD located in Basarke Bhaini and Wadala Bhittewad are presented as
successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Amritsar.
Name/Location of the Sewage Basarke Bhaini, Khapper Wadala Bhittewad,

Treatment Plant Kheri Pind, South - Zone Ghausabad Pind, North -
Zone
Capacity 95 MLD 95 MLD
Total Capital cost Rs. 80.30 Cr Rs. 84.70 Cr
Technology adopted Activated Sludge Process Activated Sludge Process
(ASP) (ASP)
Quantity of wastewater 95 MLD 88 MLD
received & treated
Quantity of wastewater 1.5 MLD 1.5 MLD
reused
Area/ Purpose of reuse Reused inside STP premises Reused inside STP premises
for gardening for gardening
Agency responsible for O & M M/s. Shapoorji Pallonji & M/s. Shapoorji Pallonji & Co.
Co. Pvt. Ltd. Pvt. Ltd.
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 9.63 Crore for 5 Years Rs. 10.16 Crore for 5 Years
cost
Energy cost Rs. 9 Lakh per month Rs. 9 Lakh per month
Consumables/Repairs Rs. 14.45 Lakh per month Rs.15.24 Lakh per month
included in O&M bill included in O&M bill
Cost of production of Per KLD Rs. 10.52/KL Rs. 11.72/KL
( Secondary Treatment)
Sludge generation 7800 m3/day 7000 m3/day
7
1. 95 MLD Plant in Basarke Bhaini, Khapper Kheri Pind, South - Zone

Design After
Sl. No. Parameters Sewage inflow1
value2 treatment3
Biological Oxygen Demand
1 216 180 - 225 17
(mg/l)
Chemical Oxygen Demand
2 360 400 - 550 60
(mg/l)
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 290 400 - 500 21
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 25 40 - 45 38
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 0.9 5 BDL
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - BDL 300
2. 95 MLD Plant in Wadala Bhittewad, Ghausabad Pind, North - Zone

Design After
Sl. No. Parameters Sewage inflow1
value2 treatment3
Biological Oxygen Demand
1 170 180 - 225 18
(mg/l)
Chemical Oxygen Demand
2 420 400 - 550 70
(mg/l)
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 270 400 - 500 33
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 21 10 32
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 1 5 2.0
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - BDL 280
1
2
3
3 MLD treated wastewater from the both the above mentioned STPs are reused inside STP premises
for gardening and horticulture purposes thereby saving fresh water.
Photos of STPs
Digester & Equipment Building Of 95 MLD STP at Main Pumping Station Of 95 MLD STP at Wadala
Basarke Bhaini, Khapper Kheri Pind, South - Zone Bhittewad, Ghausabad Pind, North Zone
8
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN AURANGABAD
Aurangabad is one of the major cities of Maharashtra and has a population of 11.75 Lakh (as per 2011
census) residing in 176.13 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 84.50 MLD of
wastewater. Aurangabad Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply and
sewerage services to the city. It has so far established 4 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city
with a total treatment capacity of 211 MLD. Wastewater is treated through secondary treatment
process by adopting technologies like Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR),
etc. Approximately 75 MLD of treated wastewater is reused for industrial and horticultural purposes
in the city.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 161 MLD capacity located at Kanchnawadi has been presented as
successful recycle and reuse of wastewater project in Aurangabad.
Name/Location of the Sewage Kanchnawadi

Treatment Plant
Capacity 161 MLD
Year of commissioning 2017
Implemented by Aurangabad Municipal Corporation
Total Capital cost Rs.108.35 Cr
Quantity of wastewater 60-65 MLD
received & treated
Technology adopted Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
Quantity of wastewater Approximately 15 MLD
reused
Agency responsible for O & M Khilari Infrastructure Pvt.Ltd.
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 64.33 Cr for ten years (inclusive of consumables
cost and repairs)
Energy cost Approximately Rs. 25 Lakh per month (electricity bill)
Cost of manpower Rs. 13. 50 Lakh per month
(Skilled and Unskilled)
Sludge generation Approximately 3195 MT per month
Mode of treatment & disposal Sludge is dried in drying bed and disposed to landfill.
of sludge
Treated wastewater is reused for construction of Maharashtra Smarudhi Mahamarg expressway. It is

also used by Aurangabad Municipal Corporation for the purpose of firefighting and for watering road
divider plants. Currently, no revenue is generated from the reuse of wastewater, however, the reuse
of treated wastewater has dual benefit of saving the fresh water consumption and the cost incurred
on the water bill.
9
Design After
Sl.No. Parameters Sewage inflow1
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 250 <10 <10
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 400 <10 <40
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 250 <100 <10
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 45 <5 <5
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 5 <1 <1
6 Faecal Coliform -- <1000 <1000
1
2
3
Photo of STP
161 MLD STP at Kanchnawadi
10
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN BENGALURU
Bengaluru is the capital city of Karnataka and has a population of 84.5 Lakh residing in 800 Sq. km of
municipal area and generating 1440 MLD of wastewater. Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board
(BWSSB) provides water supply and sewerage services to the city. BWSSB has so far established 32
Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment capacity of 1182.5 MLD with an
actual capacity of utilization of 920 MLD. The wastewater is treated through various secondary and
tertiary treatment technologies like Activated Sludge Process, Extended Aeration, Membrane Bio
Reactor Technology, UV technology etc. Out of 920 MLD of the total treated wastewater, around 460
MLD is reused for minor irrigation, commercial, industrial, horticultural, landscape etc.
The STPs of Cubbon park, Lalbagh and Yelahanka have been presented as successful reuse of
wastewater projects in Bengaluru. The wastewater treatment is being carried out by ASP, Extended
aeration, Membrane Bio Reactor Technology, F-Type Rapid Gravity Sand Filters and UV technology.
The treated wastewater is reused for commercial, industrial and horticultural purposes. The sludge
generated from the above mentioned STPs are used as fertiliser in Gardens or Horticulture
Department.
Name/Location of the Cubbon Park STP Lalbagh STP Yelahanka New Town
Sewage Treatment STP
Plant
Capacity 4 MLD 1.5 MLD 10 MLD
Year of commissioning Stream A– 2005 2005 2003
Stream B - 2018
Total Capital cost Stream A- Rs.8.0 Cr Rs. 8.0 Cr Rs. 20.00 Cr
Stream B- Rs.20.90 Cr
Technology adopted Membrane Bio Extended Aeration Activated Sludge
Reactor Technology followed by Process followed by F-
followed by Conventional and UV Type Rapid Gravity
chlorination technology sand Filters
Quantity of recycle and 4 MLD 1.5 MLD 6 MLD
reuse
Area/ Purpose of reuse 1.5 MLD – Cubbon 1.5 MLD -horticulture Commercial – 4 MLD
Park Horticulture, and landscaping Industrial – 2 MLD
1.0 MLD –
Construction activities
like tunnelling
/connecting,
1.5 MLD – For Public
Office gardening,
walking, fountain, etc.
Revenue from sale of Rs. 13.75 Lakh/month Rs. 8.5 Lakh/month Rs. 36.98 Lakh/month
treated wastewater
11
Agency responsible for M/s. SUEZ India Pvt. M/s. SUEZ India Pvt. M/S Nruthya
O&M Ltd. Ltd. Ganapathi Engineers,
Bangalore
Operation and Rs. 18.99 Lakh/month Rs. 7.89 Lakh/month Rs. 17.8 Lakh/month
Maintenance cost
Energy cost Rs. 7.32 Lakh/month Rs. 1.35 Lakh/month Rs. 9.10 Lakh/month
Consumables/repairs Rs. 6.53 Lakh/month Rs. 2.97 Lakh/month Rs. 3.20 Lakh/month
Cost of Manpower Rs. 5.14 Lakh/month Rs. 3.57 Lakh/month Rs. 5.50 Lakh/month
Cost of production of Rs.25 per KL Rs.25 per KL Rs.25 per KL
Per KLD
Sludge generation 600 kg/day 300 kg/day 2000 kg/day
Mode of treatment & Sludge is dried in Sludge is dried in Sludge is dried in
disposal of sludge sludge drying beds and sludge drying beds and sludge drying beds and
used as Fertilizer by used as Fertilizer by used as Fertilizer by
Horticulture Horticulture Horticulture
Dept./Garden Dept./Garden Dept./Garden
Major issues Nil Nil More silt content and
faced/scope for further in residential area
improvement
Quality control As per KSPCB Norms As per KSPCB Norms As per KSPCB Norms
Cubbon Park is a large botanical garden located in the heart of Bengaluru city covering about 300
acres. 4 MLD treated water from the STP is used for the horticultural needs of the cubbon park by
saving fresh water which otherwise would be used for landscaping purposes. Lalbagh Botanical Garden
is spread over 240 acres and uses 1.5 MLD of treated water from the STP located in Lalbagh, saving
the fresh water needs for horticultural purpose. The use of treated water for horticulture purpose in
two gardens has saved the consumption of fresh water to the tune of 5.5 MLD saving approximately
Rs.2.2 Lakh/day. 6MLD wastewater from the Yelahanka New Town STP is reused for commercial and
industrial purposes.
The details of existing recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Bengaluru are as follows;
 Tertiary treated water from 40 MLD TTP at Devanahalli is being supplied to Karnataka Industrial
Area Development Board (KIADB) Industrial area.
 Tertiary treated water from 10 MLD TTP at Yelahanka is being supplied to KIAL, IAF, BEL, Rail
Wheel Factory, ITC etc.
 Tertiary treated water from 4 MLD TTP at Cubbon park is being supplied to Raj Bhavan, Vidhana
Soudha, High Court, Golf Course, Cubbon park etc.
 Tertiary treated water from 1.5 MLD TTP at Lal Bagh is being supplied to Lal Bagh.
 Tertiary treated water from 15 MLD TTP at Jakkur is being supplied to KPCL gas based power
plant at Yelahanka.
12
 From 298 MLD STP at K&C Valley and 90 MLD STP at Bellandur, about 370 MLD of Secondary
Treated Water is being supplied to Minor irrigation for filling the lakes/tanks of Kolar District.
 From 60 MLD STP at Raja Canal and 20 MLD STP at Horamavu, about 80 MLD of Secondary
Treated Water is being supplied to Minor irrigation for filling the lakes/tanks of Chikaballapur
District.
1. Yelahanka New Town STP
Parameters Sewage Design After

Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 200-250mg/l 380mg/l < 5mg/l
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 400-500mg/l 800mg/l <50mg/l
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 300-400mg/l 400mg/l < 5mg/l
Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - <25 FC <25 FC
MPN/100ML MPN/100ML
2. Lalbagh STP

Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 223 <5 1.6
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 400.5 <50 16.5
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 182.32 <5 <1
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 39 <10 <1
Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 2.29 - 0.98
Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) BDL BDL BDL
3. Cubbon Park STP

Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 240.17 <4 1.73
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 483.49 <50 17.03
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 235.62 <3 <1
Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 2.466 - 1.191
Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) BDL BDL BDL
1
2
3
13
Photos of STPs
4 MLD STP at Cubbon Park
1.5 MLD STP at Lalbagh 10 MLD STP at Yelahanka New Town
14
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN BHILAI
Bhilai is one of the major cities of Chhatisgarh and has a population of 6.25 Lakh (as per 2011 census)
residing in a municipal area of 72.20 Sq. km. There is one STP in the city with a treatment capacity of
30 MLD, which is being operated and maintained by Bhilai Steel Plant. Bhilai Steel Plant township area
has a population of 1.34 Lakh residing in 21.77 Sq. km of township area. Bhilai Steel Plant is a PSU, a
unit of Steel Authority of India (SAIL). The township area covers 18 ward of Bhilai Municipal
Corporation area and 7 ward of Risali Municipal Corporation area. Until 2020, Risali was a part of Bhilai
Municipal Corporation area. The total population of Bhilai in census 2011 was 6.25 Lakh including
Risali. After the partition of Risali Municipal Corporation area, the current population of Bhilai is 5.6
Lakh residing in municipal area of 72.20 Sq. km.
The city generates 56.83 MLD of wastewater. The wastewater is treated through secondary treatment
technology by adopting Activated sludge process technology and 22.57MLD is treated through tertiary
technology. Out of which, 21.85 MLD of treated wastewater is reused for industrial purposes.
The 30 MLD STP located at Sector 5, Ward 53 has been presented as successful reuse of wastewater
project in Bhilai.
Name/Location of the Sewage 30 MLD STP, Sector 5, Ward 53

Treatment Plant
Capacity 30 MLD
Implemented by Bhilai Municipal Corporation
Total Capital cost Rs. 28.2 Cr
Quantity of wastewater 22.57 MLD by Secondary and Tertiary treatment
received & treated
Technology adopted Treated by Activated Sludge Process having flash mixer
and reactor clarifier, chlorination tank, gravity sand
filter, followed by nitrification and denitrification of
effluent.
Quantity of wastewater 21.85 MLD by BSP Plant
reused
Agency responsible for O & M Bhilai Steel Plant
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 13.80 Lakh/month
cost of STP
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 32.63 Lakh/month
cost of underground sewer
network
15
Energy cost BSP has its own power generation plant, hence cost is
not available. Energy consumption is 118520 Kw-hr for
August 2020 and 105720 Kw-hr for September 2020.
Sludge generation 4.5 ton/month
Mode of treatment & disposal Utilized for green belt maintained by Bhilai Steel Plant
of sludge
Mode of treated water Self-utilized for industrial cooling purpose by Bhilai
supply/sale/disposal Steel Plant
Revenue generation by sale of None but the savings on fresh water is achieved
treated wastewater
The 30 MLD STP at sector 5 is operated by Bhilai Steel Plant itself and municipal corporation has no
direct control on its O&M. From this STP, the treated wastewater to the tune of 21.85 MLD is supplied
to SAIL plant. At present, there is no revenue generated from the sale of treated water, but the cost
incurred towards the use of fresh water is saved by BSP.
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 22.2 - 1.73
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) - - -
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 18.0 - 1.2
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 3.0 - 0.27
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 0.26 - 0.07
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - - -
1
2
3
Photos of STP
30 MLD STP at Sector 5
16
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN BHOPAL
Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh and has a population of 17.9 Lakh (as per 2011 census)
residing in 413 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 301 MLD of wastewater.
Bhopal Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services to the
city. It has so far established 13 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment
capacity of 144 MLD. Wastewater is treated through secondary treatment process by adopting
technologies like Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Trickling Filter,
Waste Stabilisation Ponds(WSP) etc. Approximately 20 to 25 MLD of treated wastewater is reused for
fisheries, horticulture, construction activities etc.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 35 MLD capacity located at Mohali Dhamkheda has been presented as
successful recycle and reuse of wastewater project in Bhopal.
Name/Location of the Sewage Mohali Dhamkheda

Treatment Plant
Capacity 35 MLD
& treated
Quantity of wastewater reused Approximately 20 MLD
Agency responsible for O & M Ankita Construction
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 50 Lakh per year (all inclusive)
Energy cost Rs. 35 Lakh per year
Cost of manpower Rs. 15 Lakh per year
Sludge generation 0.5 m3/day
Mode of treatment & disposal of The sludge produced during the treatment of sewage
sludge is dried and co treated with green waste. The compost
obtained is used for horticulture purposes by the
Municipal Corporation.
Currently, no revenue is generated from the reuse of wastewater, however, the reuse of treated
wastewater has dual benefit of saving the fresh water consumption and the cost incurred on the water
bill.
17
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 64 220 9
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 180 500 30
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 115 220 10
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 32 40 7.4
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 3.2 8 1.4
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 250 2500 86
1
2
3
Photo of STP
35 MLD STP at Mohali Dhamkheda
18
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN CHANDIGARH
Chandigarh is a city of Punjab and has a population of 10.55 lakh (as per 2011 census) residing in 114
Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 226.57 MLD of wastewater. Chandigarh
Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services to the city. It
has so far established 6 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment capacity of
243.63 MLD. The treatment is carried out by adopting various secondary treatment technologies like
Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Activated Sludge process (ASP) etc. Out of this, 90 MLD is treated by
tertiary treatment technology by Rapid Sand Filtration. The treated wastewater to the tune of 226.57
MLD is reused for different purposes like horticulture purposes for development of green belts, parks,
lawns etc.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 136 MLD capacity located at Mohali has been presented as successful
recycle and reuse of wastewater project in Chandigarh.
Name/Location of the Sewage Mohali

Treatment Plant
Capacity 136 MLD
Total Capital cost Rs. 29 Cr
Quantity of wastewater received & 100MLD

treated
Technology adopted Secondary Treatment -Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
Tertiary treatment - Rapid sand filtration.
Quantity of wastewater reused 27 MLD
Agency responsible for O & M Toshiba Water Solutions Pvt. Limited, Gurgaon + ULB
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 2.79 Crore per year excluding Manpower and Energy
cost
Energy cost Rs. 6.00 Crore per year
Cost of manpower Rs. 1.28 Crore per year

Cost of production of Per KLD treated
wastewater
Secondary treatment- Rs. 2.07 per KLD
Tertiary treatment - Rs. 2.76 per KLD
Mode of treatment & disposal of Centrifuge process using decanters and given to farmers
sludge free of cost.
19
Chandigarh Municipal Corporation has made it mandatory for residential area bigger than 500 sq. yard
to take tertiary treated water for using horticultural purposes. Amount of Rs. 50 per month per 500
sq. yard is collected from the residential area and total revenue of Rs. 42.3 Lakh was collected in last
fiscal year from the sale of tertiary treated water.
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 285 <30 20-22
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 510 <150 80-85
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 330 <100 60-70
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) - - -
1
2
3
Photos of STP
136 MLD STP at Mohali
20
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN CHENNAI
Chennai is the capital city of Tamil Nadu and has population of about 74.38 Lakhs (as per 2011 census)
living in 426 Sq. km of corporation area. The city generates 1199 MLD of wastewater. Chennai Metro
Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) is responsible to provide water supply and sewerage
services to the city. CMWSSB has so far established 13 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with
a total treatment capacity of 745 MLD. However, 530 MLD of wastewater is actually being treated.
From the 530 MLD treated wastewater, 22 MLD of secondary treated wastewater and 30 MLD of
tertiary treated wastewater is reused for industrial purposes, landscaping, gardening etc.
Treated water from STPs of Kodungaiyur, Koyambedu and Perungudi have been presented as
successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Chennai.
Name/Location of Sewage Kodungaiyur Koyambedu Perungudi

Treatment Plant
Capacity of STP (MLD) 270 214 126
secondary Treatment
Capacity of Tertiary Treatment 45 45 10 (under
Plant (MLD) construction)
Total Quantity reused (MLD) 21.79 MLD - 10 MLD - Tertiary 0.21 MLD –
Secondary treated treated Secondary
20 MLD (Avg.) – treated
Tertiary treated
Places of reuse 52 MLD treated wastewater is recycled and reused at
various industries and horticulture purpose.
Year of Commissioning, 2019 2019 2021
Tertiary Treatment Plant
Capital Cost, Tertiary Plant Rs. 348 Cr Rs. 396.50 Cr Rs. 43.36 Cr
Technology for Activated Sludge Activated Sludge Sequential
Secondary level treatment Process Process Batch Reactor
Technology For Reverse Osmosis Reverse Osmosis Ultra filtration
Tertiary/advanced level
treatment
Agency responsible for O&M M/s P&C Projects Pvt. Ltd.
O&M Cost (per annum) Rs. 26.76 Cr Rs. 21.20 Cr Rs. 12.48 Cr
Energy cost (per annum) Rs. 11.56 Cr Rs. 9.16 Cr Rs. 5.39 Cr
Consumables/repairs (per Rs. 5.32 Cr Rs. 4.21 Cr Rs. 2.48 Cr
annum)
Cost of manpower ( Skilled and Rs. 9.88 Cr Rs. 7.83 Cr Rs. 4.61 Cr
Unskilled) (per annum)
Total treated sludge generated 173.95 m3/day 137.87 m3/day 81.17m3/day
21
Mode of treatment & disposal Treated in a radial flow type sludge thickener. The
of sludge thickened sludge will undergo anaerobic decomposition in
the absence of air in the closed dome type digesters,
producing biogas.
Mode of treated water Through lorries for horticulture purposes, through pipeline
supply/sale/disposal: for industrial usage and disposal.
52 MLD of treated wastewater is reused in different industries from the above mentioned STPs.
Some of the industries are mentioned below;
i. CETEX Petrochemicals
ii. Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
iii. Manali Fertilizers Ltd.
iv. Manali Petrochemicals Ltd. (Plant 1 & 2)
v. Tamil Nadu Petro products Ltd.
vi. Indian additives Ltd.
vii. North Chennai Thermal Power Station
viii. Tamil Nadu Energy Company Ltd. (NTPC - JV)
ix. L&T ship building
x. Kothari petrochemicals Limited
xi. Greater Chennai Corporation
The STPs are implemented, operated and maintained by CMWSSB. The total capital cost of these 3
STPs is Rs. 458 Cr which were constructed in different phases and was funded by GoTN and CMWSSB.
The capital cost of the tertiary treatment plants area is Rs. 787.86 Cr. By recycling and reusing of 52
MLD treated wastewater, there is a savings of 52 MLD of fresh water available for public water supply
for CMWSSB. By buying recycled water, in place of fresh water, industries save an amount of Rs. 33.80
per day. The sale of treated wastewater has also generated an income of Rs. 5.46 Cr on an average
for the ULB since last 20 years and currently with the supply of TTRO water, CMWSSB yields an
increased revenue of Rs.8.22 Cr per month.
Performance of Secondary Treatment Plant
Sl.No. Parameters Sewage Design After

1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 250 460 <20

2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 780 1570 <250
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 430 690 <30
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 2.5x106 - <10000
22
Performance of Tertiary Treatment Plant

1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 250-350 350 <3
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 325-450 450 <10

3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 300-500 430 <1
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 40-60 50 10
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 5-8 8 2
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 2.5x106 - <1
1
2
3
Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) has commissioned 8 biogas
plants at various STPs which helps in huge cost savings to the tune of 61.84 Crores (as on October
2018) on energy by producing power through biogas generation. At present the biogas energy plants
in the STPs are under rehabilitation and are expected to be completed by 2022. Till October, 2018
more than 90% of the in house energy requirements were being taken care of by the production of
electricity by biogas. The details are as follows.
Details of Biogas generation and location of STPs

Sl. Location STP Capacity Biogas Total power TNEB power
No. of STP Capacity of Biogas Engine generated savings Cost up to
Engine Commissioned up to October- October-2018
(KW) On 2018 (KWH) Rs in Lakhs
1 Kodungaiyur 110 MLD 1064 6-Nov 5,03,85,520 2,285.00
2 Koyambedu 60 MLD 625 5-Oct 1,53,30,310 648.59
3 Koyambedu 120 MLD 2 x 836 15-Aug 71,62,000 454.79
4 Nesapakkam 40 MLD 469 6-May 1,55,08,776 656.26
5 Nesapakkam 54 MLD 1064 13-Nov 13,53,690 68.65
6 Perungudi 54 MLD 1064 6-Aug 3,48,45,700 1,411.62

7 Perungudi 60 MLD 1064 12-Jan 99,48,360 658.76
TOTAL 7022 KW 13,45,34,356 6,183.67
Say 61.84 Crore
Some of the main challenges faced by CMWSSB are, to create public awareness and make people
understand the advantages of recycle and reuse of treated wastewater. IEC is also considered as an
important and integral component of reuse of treated wastewater. CMWSSB also believes that the
23
production and availability of the technological equipment in India could pave way for much more
improvements in operations of the STPs and biogas plants which will be more cost effective.
Details of all the STP in the city are given below.
Location of STP Total Phase wise Year of Mode of Compliance Status

Capacity development - commissioning Treatment of STP
STP Capacity
Kodungaiyur 270 80 1989 Activated Complied
STP 80 1991 Sludge
110 2006 Process Parameters
Koyambedu STP 214 34 1978 Range
60 2005
120 2015 pH – 6.5 to 8.5
Nesapakkam 117 23 1974 BOD - < 20 mg/l
STP Zone - IV 40 2006 COD – < 250 mg/l
54 2014 TSS - < 30 mg/l
Perungudi STP 126 60 2012 Faecal Coliform –
Zone – V 54 2006 10000MPN/100
12 2011 ml
Sholinganallur 18 18 2021 Sequential
STP (Under Trial Batch
Operations) Reactor
Photos of STP:
270 MLD STP at Kodungaiyur
24
214 MLD STP at Koyambedu
126 MLD STP at Perungudi
25
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN COIMBATORE
Coimbatore is one of the major cities of Tamil Nadu State and has a population of 16.2 Lakh (as per
2011 census) residing in 257 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 132.84 MLD of
wastewater. Coimbatore Municipal Corporation (CMC) is responsible for providing water supply and
sewerage services to the city. CMC has so far established 3 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city
with a total treatment capacity of 170 MLD. STP of 70 MLD capacity located at Ukkadam is operational
and STP of 60 MLD capacity located at Ondipudur is on trial run. Another STP of 40 MLD capacity
located at Nanjundapuram is under progress. However, of the present treatment capacity, 30 MLD of
wastewater is being treated through secondary treatment technology by adopting sequential batch
reactor (SBR) at Ukkadam STP. Of this, 21.25 MLD of treated wastewater is reused for different
commercial and agricultural purposes in the city.
The STP located at Ukkadam has been presented as successful recycle and reuse of wastewater project
in Coimbatore.
Name/Location of the Sewage Ukkadam

Treatment Plant
Capacity 70 MLD
Implemented by Coimbatore Municipal Corporation
Total Capital cost Rs. 55 Cr from ULB
and treated
Technology adopted Secondary treatment by Sequential Batch
Reactor(SBR)
Quantity of treated wastewater M/s Coimbatore Golf Club, Coimbatore = 0.30 MLD
reused M/s L&T Defence = 0.25 MLD
M/s SNMV college = 0.20 MLD
M/s Shanmugavadivel Holdings = 0.25 MLD
Total = 21.25 MLD
Agency responsible for O & M M/s JS Associates Development India (P)Ltd.
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 2.81 Crores per annum
Energy cost Rs. 2.76 Crore per annum
Cost of manpower Rs. 93 Lakh per annum
Sludge generation 7 Ton per day
Mode of treatment & disposal of Treated Sludge is dumped into dumping yard
sludge
26
Mode of treated water Treated water is let into 20 Lakh litre sump and
supply/sale/disposal from which it is being pumped by means of 2 nos.
of 100 HP centrifugal pumpsets to vellalore
dumping yard lagoon/sump.
Revenue generation by sale of Rs. 35 Lakh/year
treated wastewater
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 200 - 300 mg/l <10 mg/l ≤10mg/l
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 400 - 500 mg/l <100 mg/l ≤100 mg/l
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 200 – 400 mg/l <10 mg/l <10 mg/l
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 15 mg/l <2 mg/l <2 mg/l
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 5 mg/l <2 mg/l <2 mg/l
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 106 ≤200 ≤200
1
2
3
From the Ukkadam STP, the treated wastewater to the tune of 0.30 MLD is supplied to Golf Club and
0.95 MLD is being supplied to group of companies and 20 MLD is used for irrigation and agricultural
purposes. The treated water is let into 5km stretch of Nalla before using for irrigation, agriculture and
plantation. This saves huge quantity of fresh water. The sale of treated wastewater has generated an
income of Rs. 35 Lakh per year to the ULB. Coimbatore Municipal Corporation believes that better IEC
activities and conducting awareness programme among general public and commercial services will
improve the use of treated water and sludge.
Photo of STP
70 MLD Ukkadam STP

27
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN DELHI
Delhi is the National Capital and has an urban population of 11 million (as per 2011 census) living in
1486 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. It is one of the major and fastest urbanising cities in the
country, generating 3268 MLD of wastewater. Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is responsible to provide water
supply and sewerage services to the city. DJB has so far established 40 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
out of which 35 are operational, 03 are under rehabilitation and 02 have been closed. The total
capacity of these STPs is 3058 MLD, of which the operational capacity is 2383 MLD. The wastewater is
treated through Activated Sludge Process, Biofilm etc. Out of 2383 MLD of total treated wastewater
around 340 MLD is reused for various purposes like horticulture, industrial reuse etc.
Three STPs located at Rithala, Phase II, Delhi Gate Nalla I and Dr. Sen Nursing Home Nallah have been
presented as successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Delhi. The total capacity of these
3 STPs are 202MLD, of which 44MLD is being recycled and reused. The wastewater treatment is being
carried out using secondary treatment technologies like ASP, MBBR etc. The treated wastewater is
reused for horticulture and power plant. The sludge generated from the above mentioned STPs are
dewatered by using Solar drying beds and belt filter press. The treated sludge is used as fertiliser in
agriculture/horticulture development.
Name/Location of the Rithala, Phase II Delhi Gate Nalla I Dr. Sen Nursing Home
Sewage Treatment Nallah
Plant
Capacity 182 MLD 10 MLD 10 MLD

Year of commissioning 2001 1999 1998
Total Capital cost Rs. 80 Crore Rs. 6.31 Crore Rs. 5.4 Crore
Technology adopted Activated Sludge Densadeg and Densadeg and Biofor
Process and bio Biofor technology technology
film
Quantity of recycle and 24 MLD 10 MLD 10 MLD
Reuse
Area/ Purpose of reuse 23 MLD for power 10 MLD for 10 MLD for power plant
plant power plant
1 MLD for
Horticulture
Agency responsible for Suez India Pvt. Ltd. Suez India Pvt. Suez India Pvt. Ltd.
O&M Ltd.
Operation and Rs. 960 lakh per Rs. 190 lakh per Rs. 190 lakh per annum
Maintenance cost annum annum
Energy Cost Rs. 40 Lakh per Rs. 60 Lakh per Rs. 60 Lakh per annum
annum annum
Cost of production of Rs. 2.20 per KL Rs. 7.60 per KL Rs. 7.50 per KL
Per KLD
28
Sludge generation 28-30 MT/day 7-8 m3/day 7-8 m3/day
Mode of treatment & Solar drying beds & Belt Filter Press Belt Filter Press used for
disposal of sludge disposed to used for dewatering of sludge.
farmers dewatering of The sludge is transported
sludge. The to other DJB sites for
sludge is further use by farmers
transported to etc.
other DJB sites
for further used
by farmers etc.
Major issues Quality of inflow Nil Nil
faced/scope for further sewage Extended
improvement Peak Flow
(especially during
rainy seasons)
Quality control Within prescribed Within prescribed Within prescribed limit
limit limit
The operation and maintenance charges for Delhi gate Nala I STP and Dr. Sen Nursing Home Nallah
STP is borne by Pragati Power Corporation Limited (PPCL) and that for Rithala, Phase-II STP is borne by
Delhi Jal Board. However, PPCL bears the O & M charges for Effluent Pumping Station (EPS) in Rithala,
Phase-II STP. Out of 24 MLD of recycled water in Rithala, Phase II, 23 MLD is supplied to power plant
and 1 MLD is supplied for horticulture purposes. It is also to be mentioned that PPCL (Power plant) on
an average makes Rs. 27.6 Lakh per month excluding the operation and maintenance cost.
10MLD of recycled water generated from both Delhi Gate Nalla 1 and Dr. Sen Nursing Home Nallah
are used for power plant.
The sale of treated water has reduced the consumption of fresh water. The amount spent on fresh
water is saved and the sale of treated wastewater also generate income for the ULBS. The sludge is
used as manure for agriculture/horticulture, which saves the fertiliser cost.
Note: All the expenditure for operation & maintenance of STP plant including electricity charges are
being borne by PPCL for Delhi gate Nala I STP and Dr. Sen Nursing Home Nallah. STP as per MOU with
DJB. DJB is not incurring any expenditure for O&M on these plants. The expenditure borne by PPCL is
saving to DJB.
29
Performance of Treatment Plants
1. Rithala, Phase-II
Parameters Sewage Inflow1 Design value2 After Treatment3
Biological Oxygen 130 270 5
Demand (mg/l)
Chemical Oxygen 310 632 22
Demand (mg/l)
Total Suspended Solids 135 539 6
(mg/l)
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) NA - -
Total Phosphorus (mg/l) NA - -
Faecal Coliform NA - -
(MPN/100mL)
2. Delhi Gate Nalla I

Demand (mg/l)
Chemical Oxygen 335 632 20
Demand (mg/l)
(mg/l)
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) NA NA NA
Total Phosphorus (mg/l) NA NA NA
Faecal Coliform NA NA NA
(MPN/100mL)
3. Dr. Sen Nursing Home Nallah

Demand (mg/l)
Chemical Oxygen 350 500-700 45
Demand (mg/l)
(mg/l)
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) - NA -
Total Phosphorus (mg/l) - NA <1

Faecal Coliform - - -
(MPN/100mL)
1
2
3
30
Photos of STPs
182 MLD STP at Rithala, Phase II
10 MLD STP at Dr. Sen Nursing Home Nallah
10 MLD STP at Delhi Gate Nalla I
31
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN FARIDABAD
Faridabad is the largest city of Haryana having a population of 14.38 Lakhs (as per 2011 census)
residing in 208 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 197 MLD of wastewater.
Faridabad Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services to
the city. They have so far established 4 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total
treatment capacity of 165 MLD, of which only one plant of 45 MLD capacity located in Badshahpur is
in operation. In this STP, 30 MLD of wastewater is received and treated through secondary treatment
technology like Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR). Out of this, 8 MLD of treated wastewater is reused for
agricultural purposes in the city.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 45 MLD capacity located at Badshahpur has been presented as successful
recycle and reuse of wastewater project in Faridabad.
Name/Location of the Sewage Badshahpur

Treatment Plant
Capacity 45 MLD
Implemented by Faridabad Municipal Corporation
Contribution by ULB and private agency This STP was constructed under JnNURM scheme and
constructed by M/s. Hydroair Tectonics PCD Ltd. as per
terms & Conditions of DPR the executing agency shall
maintain this STP upto 5 years. The work has been
further extended 10 years. Now the O&M work of this
STP has been allotted to another agency i.e. M/s.
Enviro Solution after tender procedure.
Quantity of wastewater received & 30 MLD
treated
Quantity of wastewater reused 8 MLD for agricultural purpose
Agency responsible for O & M M/s Enviro solutions
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 7.50 Lakh per month (inclusive of consumable,
repairs and cost of manpower)
Energy cost Rs. 13 Lakh per month
O&M cost per KLD treated wastewater Rs. 1.48 per KLD
Sludge generation 600 kg/day
Mode of treatment & disposal of sludge Sun drying and used for fertiliser in agriculture land
32
Treated wastewater to the tune of 8 MLD is reused for agricultural purposes and currently no revenue
is generated from the sale of treated wastewater.
The work for construction of new STPs of 100 MLD at Pratapgarh and 80 MLD at Mirzapur is under
progress. The total agreement amount of this work is Rs.248.33 crore. The construction work of these
STPs have already been started w.e.f. 02.11.2020 and completion date is 30.11.2022. At present 16%
work at Mirzapur and 22% work at Partapgarh has been completed.
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 276 mg/l 30mg/l 30 mg/l
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 520 mg/l 250 mg/l 135 mg/l
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 134 mg/l 100mg/l 86 mg/l
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) - - 1.6 mg/l
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - - 480000
1
2
3
Photos of STP
45 MLD STP in Badshahpur
33
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN GHAZIABAD
Ghaziabad is a city in Uttar Pradesh and has a population of 16.48 Lakhs (as per 2011 census) residing
in 220 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 300 MLD of wastewater. Ghaziabad
Municipal Corporation(GMC) is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services to the
city. They have so far established 8 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment
capacity of 483 MLD. 300 MLD of wastewater is being treated through secondary treatment process
by adopting technologies like Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB), Activated Sludge
Process(ASP), etc. Out of the treated 300 MLD, 80MLD of treated wastewater is reused for
construction, industrial, horticulture and agricultural purposes in the city.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 73 MLD located at Dundahera has been presented as successful reuse of
wastewater project in Ghaziabad.
Name/Location of the Sewage Dundahera

Treatment Plant
Capacity 73 MLD
Implemented by UP Jal Nigam
Quantity of water received 71.62 MLD
Quantity of water treated 69.47 MLD
Technology adopted Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB)
Quantity of wastewater 17 MLD approx. (average per month) for construction
reused purpose
Agency responsible for O & M VA Tech Wabag Limited
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 1.2 Cr per month (including consumables and
cost repairs cost + cost of manpower (Skilled and
Unskilled))
Energy cost Approximately Rs. 12 lakhs per month
Sludge generation 800 kg/day approximately
Mode of treatment & disposal By centrifugal process and then taken to drying Bed.
of sludge The treated sludge is given to farmers to be used as
fertilisers.
There are four industrial areas in Ghaziabad namely; Bulandshahr Road Industrial area, Meerut road
Industrial area, Shahibabad Industrial area and Loni road site 4 Industrial area. 5 MLD of treated
wastewater is sent to these industrial areas as per the requirement. 18 MLD is reused for agricultural
purposes, 12 MLD for horticultural purposes, 26 MLD for construction purpose and in highway
34
construction, and 19 MLD is reused for other purposes like spraying on the roads, watering trees and
plants alongside the roads etc., totalling to 80 MLD. The reuse of treated wastewater has dual benefit
of saving the fresh water consumption and the cost incurred on the water bill. It also has potential to
generate income for the ULB by sale of treated wastewater.
In the 73 MLD Dundahera STP, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation faces challenges of huge collection
of grit into grit chamber. GMC has mentioned that a mechanical grit chamber instead of existing
manual grit chamber for removing stones and sand will be better to solve this issue. Trespassers and
animals are also seen entering into the plant premises, therefore, a secure compound wall is required
on all the sides of the STP.
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 208 220-250 19
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 411 400-500 53
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 378 350-500 28
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) NA NA NA
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) NA NA NA
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) NA 4.5 X 107 NA
1
2
3
Photos of STP
73 MLD Dundahera STP
35
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN GREATER MUMBAI
Greater Mumbai is one of the major cities in Mumbai State has urban population of about 124.4 Lakh
(as per census 2011) living in 480.24 Sq. km of municipal area. The city generates 2190 MLD of
wastewater. Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) is responsible for providing water
supply and sewerage services to the city. MCGM has laid 2015 km of sewer lines across the city for
collection of wastewater. The wastewater collected through sewerage network is treated and
disposed through 8 Sewerage treatment plants / Waste Water Treatment Facilities (WWTF)’s at
Colaba, Worli, Bandra, Versova, Malad, Bhandup, Ghatkopar and Charkop. The total installed capacity
of these 8 STP’s is 2721 MLD. Out of these 8 Sewage treatment plants, STP at Colaba & Charkop are
provided with tertiary treatment facilities. Apart from these 8 treatment plants, MCGM has
constructed small decentralised STPs of small capacities at Banganga (1.5 MLD), Dadar (0.3 MLD), SBT
plant at Worli (3 MLD), STP at Bandra (1 MLD) with planning of use of treated wastewater at local
level. The total capacity of STP’s in MCGM, treating for recycle and reuse is 48.8 MLD. Treated
wastewater from these plants are reused for various horticultural purposes.
Sewage Treatment Plant at Banganga, Charcop and Colaba are presented as successful recycle and
reuse of wastewater projects in Greater Mumbai.
Name/Location of Banganga Charkop Colaba

the Sewage
Treatment Plant
Capacity 1.5 MLD 6MLD 37 MLD
Year of 2014 Constructed in 1992 2020

commissioning by MHADA & Handed
over to MCGM in
2010 (Technology
upgradation in 2017
to RMBR)
Total Capital cost Rs. 2.50 Cr. Rs. 6.67 Cr. Rs. 137 Cr.
Technology adopted Secondary Treatment- Secondary Treatment- Secondary

Rotating Media Bio RMBR technology Treatment-
Reactors. Sequential batch
Tertiary Treatment- reactor
Tertiary Treatment- Dual Media Sand
Dual Media Filters. Disinfection by Tertiary
Filters/Activated Ozonization Treatment-Disk
Carbon Filters/ Filter. Disinfection
Disinfection by by Chlorination
Ozonization and
sodium hypochlorite
dosing.
36
Quantity of 1.5 MLD 4.8 MLD 24 MLD
wastewater received
and treated
Quantity of recycle Approximately 0.3 Approx. 0.10 MLD Approx. 1MLD

and Reuse MLD treated water
utilized for gardening
Area/ Purpose of Plantation & gardening Landfill / horticulture Gardening

reuse purpose
Agency responsible M/s Naik M/s. Naik M/S. Suez India

for O & M Environmental Environmental Private Limited.
Engineers Private Engineers Private
Limited. Limited.
Operation and Rs. 0.29 Cr. per year Rs. 2.01 Cr (for 8 years) Rs. 141 Cr (for 15
Maintenance cost years)
Energy cost Approximately 11.75 Approximately 29.2 Approximately 2.5

Lakhs/ year (As per Lakhs/ year Cr/year
2020’s energy
consumption)
Consumables/Repairs Included in O &M cost Included in O &M cost Included in O &M
cost
Cost of Manpower ( Included in O &M cost Included in O &M cost Included in O &M
Skilled and Unskilled) cost
Cost of production of O&M cost approx. O&M cost approx. O&M cost approx.
Per KLD ( Secondary Rs.9.50/ KL (inclusive of Rs.3.15/ KL (inclusive Rs.19.40/ KL
Treatment) energy cost) + Rs. 5.02 of Energy cost & O&M (inclusive of energy
(amortization cost incl. Cost) cost)
of capital cost of Plant
Installation)
=Rs.14.52/KL
Sludge generation 10-15 kg/day 30-40 kg/day 2-3 MT/month
Mode of treatment & Biologically digested Biologically digested After stabilization

disposal of sludge dried sludge is used as dried sludge is used as of sludge at site, it
manure in the Garden manure in the is disposed at land
Gardens fill site in Navi
Mumbai
The treated sewage water at Banganga STP is being supplied at the rate of Rs. 3.27 per KL to Raj
Bhavan, Honorable Governor’s house where it is used for gardening purpose.
Treated sewage water at Charkop STP is being supplied to scientifically closed Gorai dumping ground
for gardening purpose and it is used for fire-fighting purpose in local area, as and when required. The
plant at Dadar supplies treated sewage water to Pramod Mahajan Garden located in Dadar for
37
gardening purpose. These initiatives of reuse of treated wastewater for non-potable purposes saves
and replaces precious drinking water and has the capacity to generate revenue for MCGM.
Colaba STP is recently commissioned in April 2020 and proposal for supply of treated wastewater to
military area in Colaba is in pipeline which will generate revenue for MCGM.

1. Banganga STP
Sewage Design After
Sl.No. Parameters
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 100-200 100-200 Upto 5
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 200-400 200-400 Up to 30
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 100-200 100-200 Up to 10
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 10-14 ≤10 ≤10
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - ≤200 ≤200
Nos/100ml Nos/100ml
2. Charcop STP
Sewage Design After
Sl.No. Parameters
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 100-200 ˂5 ˂5
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 200-300 ˂50 ˂50
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 100-200 ˂5 ˂5
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - ≤200 ≤200
Nos/100ml Nos/100ml
3. Colaba STP
Sewage Design After
Sl.No. Parameters
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 198-250 250 10
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 378-500 500 50
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 227.300 500 5
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 13.5-20 620 ˂1
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 3.9-6 6 ˂1
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - ≤200 Below
Nos/100ml detectable
limit
1
2
3
38
Photos of STPs
1.5 MLD STP at Banganga 6 MLD STP at Charcop
37 MLD STP at Colaba
39
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN GWALIOR
Gwalior is one of the City of Madhya Pradesh and has a population of 11.59 Lakhs (as per 2011 census)
residing in 423.35 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 169 MLD of wastewater.
Gwalior Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services to the
capacity of 223 MLD. 169 MLD of wastewater is treated through secondary treatment technologies by
adopting Activated Sludge Process (ASP) technology and Sequential Batch Reactor(SBR). The treated
wastewater is realised into the canal and as per the agreement with irrigation department, it gets
utilised for various irrigation and agricultural purpose as and when required.
Sewage treatment plant of 65 MLD located at Laltipara and 145 MLD located at Jalalpur have been
presented as successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Gwalior.
Name/Location of the Laltipara Jalalpur

Sewage Treatment Plant
Implemented by Gwalior Municipal Gwalior Municipal
Corporation Corporation
Quantity of wastewater 38.29 MLD 84 MLD
received & treated
Technology adopted Sequential Batch Reactor Sequential Batch Reactor
(SBR) (SBR)
Quantity of treated 32 MLD 60 MLD for agriculture
wastewater (25 MLD for agriculture
Reused 4 MLD for horticulture
3 MLD for firefighting)
Agency responsible for O & M M/s Jayanti super M/s Envirad Project Pvt. Ltd.
construction Pvt. Ltd. Kanpur (U.P)
Mehsana, Gujarat
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 40.70 Cr For 10 Years Rs. 26.68 Cr For 10 Years
cost (including cost of laying (including cost of laying
sewer line) sewer line)
Consumables and repairs Included in O & M Included in O & M
Energy cost Rs. 29.5 Cr For 10 Years Rs. 69.7 Cr For 10 Years
Cost of manpower Included in O & M Included in O & M
40
O & M cost /KL (treated Rs.1.74 / KL at full capacity Rs.0.511/ KL at full capacity
wastewater) for secondary
treatment
Cost of production of Per KLD Rs. 3 per KLD Rs. 13.44 per KLD
treated wastewater

Mode of treatment & Thickened sludge is Thickened sludge is pumped
disposal of sludge pumped to centrifuge unit to centrifuge unit for
for dewatering. By dewatering. By centrifuging
centrifuging 80 % water is 80 % water is removed from
removed from sludge sludge which is redirected to
which is redirected to inlet inlet unit. Wet cake
unit. Wet cake generated is generated is taken by
taken by contractor to sell contractor to sell it.
it.
1. 65 MLD STP in Laltipara

Sewage After
Sl.No. Parameters Design value2
inflow1 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand 180 mg/l 230 mg/l 10 mg/l
(mg/l)
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 250 mg/l 223 mg/l 10 mg/l
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 37 mg/l 40 mg/l 10 mg/l
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 8 mg/l 8 mg/l 2 mg/l
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 46000MPN 107/100 mL 100
/100mL MPN/100mL
41
2. 145 MLD STP in Jalalpur
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand 153.5 mg/l 230.40 mg/l 10 mg/l
(mg/l)
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand 393 mg/l 500.00 mg/l 50 mg/l
(mg/l)
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 291 mg/l 223.30 mg/l 10 mg/l
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 38 mg/l 40.00 mg/l 10 mg/l
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 3.68 mg/l 8 mg/l 2 mg/l
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 9.77/100mL 107/100mL 100
MPN/100mL
1
2
3
Photos of STPs
65 MLD STP at Laltipara
145 MLD STP at Jalalpur
42
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN HYDERABAD
Hyderabad is the capital city of Telangana and has a population of 74.9 Lakhs (as per 2011 census)
residing in 1451.91 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 1975.44 MLD of
wastewater. Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) and Hyderabad Metropolitan
Development authority (HMDA) is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services to
the city. They have so far established 21 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total
treatment capacity of 772.30 MLD. Out of the present treatment capacity, 772.3 MLD of wastewater
is being treated through secondary treatment process by adopting technology like sequential batch
reactor (SBR), Activated Sludge process, etc. and of this 60 MLD is treated by tertiary treatment
technology like ultrafiltration. 70 MLD of treated wastewater is reused for different purposes like
horticulture, landscaping and for the purpose of lake balancing.
The STP located at Balkapur nala and Khajaguda have been presented as successful recycle and reuse
of wastewater projects in Hyderabad.
Name/Location of the Balkapur nala, Khairatabad Khajaguda

Implemented by HMDA (Hyderabad Metropolitan HMWSSB (Hyderabad
Development Authority) Metropolitan Water Supply
and Sewerage board )
Total Capital cost Approximately Rs.28 Cr Approximately Rs.7.85 Cr
Contribution by ULB and ODA loan from Japan (JICA) JNURM
private agency
Technology adopted Secondary treatment –Biological Secondary treatment –MBBR
Nutrient Removal (BNR) Moving Bed Bio Reactor
Tertiary treatment – Ultrafiltration
using membranes
Quantity of wastewater Horticulture = 2 MLD Landscaping = 250 KLD
reused Landscaping = 2.5 MLD Lake balancing of Khajaguda
Lake balancing of Hussain Sagar = = 6.75 MLD
15.5 MLD Total = 7 MLD
Total = 20 MLD
Agency responsible for O Aquatech Systems Asia Pvt. Ltd. M/S Ramky Infrastructures
&M Pvt. Ltd.
Operation and Rs. 12.42 Lakhs Per month Rs. 3.90 Lakhs Per month
Maintenance cost (excluding energy cost) (excluding energy cost)
Energy cost Approximately Rs. 19 Lakhs per Approximately Rs. 2.70 Lakhs
month per month
43
Consumables and repairs Rs. 5.46 Lakhs per month Rs. 1.88 Lakhs per month
Cost of manpower Rs. 6.66 Lakhs per month Rs. 2.02 Lakhs per month
(skilled and unskilled)
O&M cost per KLD Secondary treatment – Rs. 3.96/KLD Secondary treatment – Rs.
treated wastewater Tertiary treatment – Rs. 5.24/KLD 3.29/KLD
Cost or production per Secondary treatment – Rs. 3.96/KLD Secondary treatment – Rs.
KLD treated wastewater Tertiary treatment – Rs. 5.24/KLD 3.29/KLD
Sludge generation 4 m3/day 0.2 m3/day
Mode of treatment & Centrifuge process using decanters Centrifuge process
disposal of sludge
Out of 20 MLD wastewater reused from the STP at Balkapurnala, 2 MLD is used for Horticulture, 2.5
MLD is used for Landscaping and 15.5 MLD is used for lake balancing in Hussainsagar.
Out of 7 MLD wastewater reused from the STP at Khajaguda, 250 KLD is used for Landscaping and 6.75
MLD is used for lake balancing of Khajaguda. The reuse of treated wastewater has dual benefit of
saving the fresh water consumption and the cost incurred on the water bill. It also has potential to
generate income for the ULB by sale of treated wastewater.

1. Balkapur nala STP
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 290 mg/l 150-300 <2mg/l
mg/l
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 574 mg/l 200-650 <50 mg/l
mg/l
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 131 mg/l 200- <1 mg/l
300mg/l
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 56 mg/l 35-70 mg/l 5.4 mg/l
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 7.2 mg/l 6-10 mg/l 0.19 mg/l
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 900 - <100
MPN/100ml
44
2. Khajaguda STP
Sewage After
Sl.No. Parameters Design value2
inflow1 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand 290 mg/l 250-350 mg/l < 20 mg/l
(mg/l)
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand 574 mg/l 300-500 mg/l <100 mg/l
(mg/l)
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 131 mg/l 300-500mg/l <30 mg/l
4 Total Phosphates 2.92 mg/l - 0.75 mg/l
5 Total kjeldahl nitrogen as N 18 mg/l - 0.26 mg/l
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 900 5.0 X <1000MPN/
107MPN/100 ml 100 ml
1
2
3
Photos of STPs
20 MLD STP at Balkapur Nala
7 MLD STP at Khajaguda
45
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN INDORE
Indore is one of the major cities of Madhya Pradesh and has population of 19.9 lakh (As per census
2011) living in 267 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 312 MLD of wastewater.
Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) provides water supply and sewerage services to the city. IMC has
so far established 10 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment capacity of
412.5 MLD based on secondary treatment technologies like Activated Sludge Process, Sequential
Batch Reactor etc. Out of the 412.5 MLD, 101.5 MLD of wastewater is reused for different purposes
like horticulture, landscaping, irrigation, construction, vehicle washing in IMC, urinal washing,
fountains, divider washing, footpath cleaning, etc.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 245 MLD capacity in kabitkhedi has been presented as successful recycle
and reuse of wastewater project in Indore.
Name/Location of the Sewage kabitkhedi

treatment Plant
Capacity 245 MLD
Implemented by Indore Municipal Corporation
Total Capital cost Rs. 194 Cr.
Quantity of wastewater reused 91 MLD

Area of reuse Horticulture, landscaping, irrigation and construction
Agency responsible for O & M M/S Toshiba Water solutions.
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 1.36 Cr per month (all inclusive)
Energy cost Rs. 1.05 Cr per month
Consumables/Repairs Rs. 0.11 Cr per month
Cost of manpower (Skilled & Rs. 0.20 Cr per month

Unskilled personnel) (Rs)
Mode of treatment & disposal of Sludge is collected from all the STPs and is sent to
sludge the landfill site of the city where it is get mixed with
wet waste and is treated further for the making of
compost.
91 MLD from 245 MLD plant in Kabitkhedi and 10.5 MLD from other STPs is reused for various
purposes. Reuse of wastewater from Kabitkhedi 245 MLD plant is done through pipe line network of
46
around 34 km and overhead tank of 3ML located at meghdoot garden. Treated wastewater is supplied
through overhead tank to 101 gardens and fountains via pipeline network and 38 hydrants which are
installed within the city to supply treated water to tankers for horticulture, landscaping, construction
purpose etc. Reuse sump is constructed for supply of treated water by pumping to nearby 6 villages
covering the area of around 5000 hectares.
Sale of treated water has generated an income of Rs.89.4 Lakhs in 2020-2021 for Indore Municipal
Corporation by selling treated water to the contractors, farmers and other organisations and IMC has
saved Rs.1.09 Cr in monitory value in the last fiscal year by utilisation of treated wastewater in place
of fresh water. Treated sludge is used as fertiliser thereby saving an amount of Rs.3.6 lakh per month
(including wet waste) as it is mixed with wet waste at compost plant to produce compost.
Some of the benefits of recycle and reuse are, IMC has reduced its expenditure for horticulture
purpose like maintenance of bore well and minimising travel time for tankers by supplying treated
water through pipelines and installation of hydrants. Considering the huge scope of reuse for industrial
purposes in Sanwer Road Industrial area, IMC envisions to build tertiary treatment plant in the future
to cater to this demand.

inflow1 value2 (At treatment3
inlet)
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 80 225 8

2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 197 500 39
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 38 45 2
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 6 7 2
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - 106 -
1
2
3
47
Photos of STP:
245 MLD STP at Kabitkhedi
Overhead tank of 3 ML capacity at Meghdoot Tanker getting filled by treated wastewater

garden used for storing and supplying treated from hydrant
wastewater
48
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN JABALPUR
Jabalpur is one of the major cities of Madhya Pradesh and has a population of 10.54 Lakhs (as per 2011
census) residing in 264 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 146 MLD of
wastewater. Jabalpur Municipal Corporation (JMC) is responsible for providing water supply and
sewerage services to the city. JMC has so far established 3 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) with a total
treatment capacity of 51.05 MLD. However, only 16.95 MLD is received at these STPs for treatment.
There are 15 STPs of total 176.55 MLD Capacity that are under process. Out of the received 16.95 MLD
wastewater, 16 MLD of wastewater is treated by Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP) technology and 0.95
MLD is treated through Activated Sludge Process (ASP) followed by tertiary treatment like Chlorination
& UV. The amount of wastewater received and treated to the tune of 16.95 MLD is entirely reused for
various purposes in the city like agriculture, horticulture, landscape and constructional purposes.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 50 MLD capacity located in Zone no. 1 Kathonda is presented as successful
recycle and reuse of wastewater project in Jabalpur.
Name/Location of the Sewage Zone no. 1 Kathonda

Treatment Plant
Capacity 50 MLD
Year of commissioning 2010 (but started in 2018 after the centralised sewer
network system was inaugurated)
Implemented by Jabalpur Municipal Corporation
Total Capital cost Rs. 9.2 cr.
Quantity of wastewater 16 MLD
received & treated
Technology adopted Secondary Treatment – Waste Stabilization pond
Quantity of wastewater 16 MLD - Agricultural purpose.
reused
Agency responsible for O & M Jabalpur Municipal Corporation
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 7.20 Lakh per annum (all inclusive)
cost
Consumables and repairs Rs. 80 thousand -1.2 Lakh per Year
Energy cost Rs. 1.8-3 Lakh per year
Cost of manpower(Skilled and Rs. 3 Lakh per year
Unskilled)
Sludge generation & mode of NA (Sludge collected in the pond is well stabilized and
treatment & disposal of needs to be withdrawn after two years)
sludge
Revenue generation by sale of NIL
treated wastewater
49
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 108-184 200 ≤30
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 250-400 500-1000 …
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 120-160 150-200 ≤100
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 06-11 20-100 ….
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 04-05 6 ….
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 106 - 108 106 - 108 ≤1000
1
2
3
Effluent refers to treated wastewater (as per environment protection rule 1986*)
Treated wastewater to the tune of16 MLD from 50 MLD STP located at Zone no. 1 Kathonda (waste
stabilising pond) is reused for irrigation/agricultural purpose only. 0.95 MLD of treated wastewater
from 0.55MLD and 0.5MLD capacity STPs located at Gwarighat and Gulaua Talab respectively are
reused for horticulture, landscape and constructional purposes.
Since land area required for Waste Stabilization Pond is large compared to other process, it is generally
constructed outside of the main residential/ commercial area. Also, Jabalpur City has underground
Sewer Network designed based on Centralized Sewer Network system and plans to connect more than
40% of the house sewers to this centralised Sewer Network by June 2022. However, JMC finds it
challenging to plan an economic system for wastewater treatment and its recycling/reuse. A
decentralized sewerage system has to planned by dividing whole city into small zones to minimize the
cost of wastewater treatment &its recycling/reuse process.
Photos of STP
50 MLD Waste stabilizing pond at Zone no. 1 Kathonda
50
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN JAMSHEDPUR
Jamshedpur or Tatanagar is one of the major industrial cities of India and of Jharkhand State having a
population of 6.31 lakh (as per 2011 census) residing in 64 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The
city generates 158 MLD of wastewater. At present, four party agreement exists between State
government, Jamshedpur Notified Area Committee (JNAC) - ULB, Tata Steel and JUSCO (which is a
subsidiary of Tata Steel) who are collectively working towards providing water supply in Jamshedpur.
There are 4 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment capacity of 63.5 MLD.
Wastewater is treated through Secondary treatment technology like Activated Sludge Process and
through tertiary treatment technology like ultrafiltration. Approximately 40 MLD of treated
wastewater is reused for industrial purpose by Tata Steel.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 45 MLD capacity located at Bara has been presented as successful recycle
and reuse of wastewater project in Jamshedpur.
Name/Location of the Sewage Bara

Treatment Plant
Capacity 45 MLD
Implemented by JUSCO
Total Capital cost Rs.58 Cr (for 45 MLD plant in Bara and 16 MLD Plant
in Kharkai)
Quantity of wastewater treated 44 MLD - Secondary Treated
30 MLD - Tertiary Treated
Technology adopted Activated Sludge process (Secondary Treatment)
Ultra Filtration (Tertiary Treatment)
Quantity of treated wastewater 40 MLD
reused
Agency responsible for O & M Jamshedpur Utility Services Company Limited (JUSCO)
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 7. 43 Cr per annum (all inclusive)
Energy cost Rs. 3.05 Cr per annum
Consumables/repairs Rs. 1.6 Cr per annum
Cost of manpower Rs. 2.7 Cr per annum
Cost of Production per KLD of Rs. 4/KLD (Secondary Treatment)
treated wastewater Rs. 5/KLD (Tertiary Treatment)
Sludge generation 2 m3/day
Mode of treatment & disposal of Sludge is sent Bio Digester and is used for horticulture
sludge purpose
51
Treated wastewater from 45 MLD STP plant at Bara is sent to pumping station and Tata steel reuses
about 40 MLD of the treated wastewater. Since this plant is running under CSR (Corporate Social
Responsibility), Tata Steel is not liable to pay any amount for reusing the treated wastewater.
Therefore, no revenue is generated from the reuse of wastewater, however, the reuse of treated
wastewater has benefits of saving the fresh water consumption and also the cost incurred on the
water bill.
Public Private Partnership (PPP) Model is existing for supplying drinking water from Moharda water
scheme in Jamshedpur. The major terms & conditions of PPP Agreement are as follows,
 Drinking Water and Sanitation Department (DWSD), a department of government of Jharkhand

and Jamshedpur Notified Area Committee (JNAC), are responsible for supplying drinking water
though the existing facility to approximately 6000 consumers residing in Service Area. As they were
desirous of diverting this function of supplying drinking water in the Service Area, they approached
Tata Steel Limited (TSL) for this purpose.
 TSL agreed to take on the responsibility of supplying drinking water to the Consumers in the
Services Area on the terms and conditions mutually agreed among all the parties.
 With concurrence and nomination (as opposed to inviting tenders from other parties) of JNAC, TSL
has engaged its subsidiary JUSCO (expert at water management having its operations at
Jamshedpur and having successfully implemented prestigious projects in other parts of the
country) for performing work relating to treatment and distribution of drinking water in the service
Area.
 JNAC has agreed to cooperate and provide all assistance required by JUSCO in order to ensure
drinking water is successfully supplied to Consumers in the Service Area.
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 96 - 11.5
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 163 - <50
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 184 - 17
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 0 - 0.5
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 1.9 - 0.8
1
2
3
52
Photos of STPs
45 MLD Plant in Bara
53
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN JODHPUR
Jodhpur is a city in Rajasthan and has a population of 20.5 lakh residing in 232 Sq. km of municipal
area. At present, the city generates 110 MLD of wastewater. Jodhpur Municipal Corporation (JMC) is
the responsible agency that provides water supply and sewerage services to the city. JMC has so far
established 3 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment capacity of 120 MLD.
The wastewater is treated through various secondary treatment technologies like Activated Sludge
Process and Waste stabilisation ponds. Out of the total treated wastewater, 85 MLD is reused for
agriculture and horticulture.
Sewage Treatment Plant located in Nandari, Salawas (Phase I) and Salawas (Phase II) have been
presented as successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Jodhpur.
Name/Location of the Nandari Salawas ( Phase I) Salawas (Phase II)

Sewage Treatment
Plant
Year of 2004 2011 2018
commissioning
Total Capital cost Rs. 3 Cr Rs. 34.1 Cr Rs. 29.85 Cr
Technology adopted Waste Stabilisation Activated Sludge Activated Sludge
pond ( WSP) Process ( ASP) Process ( ASP)
Quantity of recycle 20 MLD 30 MLD 35 MLD
and Reuse
Area/ Purpose of Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture
reuse
Revenue from sale of Rs. 18 lakhs per Rs. 12 lakhs per Rs. 12 Lakhs per
treated wastewater annum annum annum
Agency responsible M/s D J Enterprises M/s Vatech Wabag M/s Geo Miller & O.
for O & M Pvt. Ltd.
Operation and Rs. 1.35 lakhs per Rs. 10.5 lakhs per Rs. 4.25 lakhs per
Maintenance cost month month month
Energy cost Rs. 0.50 lakhs per Rs. 10.0 Lakhs per Rs. 10.0 Lakhs per
month month month
Consumables/repairs Included in O & M Rate Included in O & M Rate Included in O & M Rate
and Cost of Manpower
Cost of production of Rs. 0.31/KL Rs. 2.27/ KL Rs. 1.35/KL
Per KLD
Sludge generation In WSP, sludge 15 Ton/day 13 Ton/day
generated settle at the
bottom and is cleaned
periodically.
54
Mode of treatment & Aerobic and anaerobic Anaerobic digestion , Anaerobic digestion,
disposal of sludge digestion in Tanks centrifuge and used as centrifuge and used as
manure manure
Major issues Industrial wastewater Industrial wastewater Industrial wastewater
faced/scope for mixed with raw mixed with raw mixed with raw
further improvement sewage sewage sewage

1. Nandari
Parameters Sewage inflow1 Design value2 After treatment3

For outlet
Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 170-250mg/l 30 mg/l 35-40 mg/l
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 450-550mg/l 200mg/l 180-220 mg/l
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 300-400mg/l 30mg/l 30-45 mg/l
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 30-50 - --
Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 10-12 - --
Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - - --
2. Salawas (Phase I)
For outlet
Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 160-250 mg/l 20 mg/l 15-22 mg/l
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 400-600 mg/l 200 mg/l 50-80 mg/l
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 250-450 mg/l 30 mg/l 12-30 mg/l
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 40-45 mg/l -- 2-8 mg/l
Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 10-15 -- 1-2 mg/l
Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) -- -- --
3. Salawas (Phase II)

For outlet
Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 160-250 mg/l 20 mg/l 17-26 mg/l
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 385-600 mg/l 200 mg/l 70-100 mg/l
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 300-450 mg/l 30 mg/l 14-30 mg/l
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 40-45 mg/l -- 3-8 mg/l
Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 10-15 -- 1-2 mg/l
Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) -- -- --
1
2
3
55
Photos of STPs
Nandari 20 MLD STP
Salaswa 50 MLD STP Phase I
Salaswa 50 MLD STP Phase II
56
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN KANPUR
Kanpur is one of the major cities in Uttar Pradesh and has a population of 27.65 Lakhs (as per 2011
census) residing in 258.10. Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 410 MLD of
wastewater. Kanpur Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage
services to the city. They have so far established 7 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a
total treatment capacity of 472 MLD which is treated through secondary treatment process by
adopting technologies like Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
etc. Approximately 338 MLD of treated wastewater is reused for agricultural purposes in the city. The
treated wastewater is released into the channel which is utilised for agricultural purposes as and when
required.
Sewage treatment plant of 210 MLD and 43 MLD located at Bingawan and Jajmau are presented as
successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Kanpur.
Name/Location of the Sewage Bingawan Jajmau

Treatment Plant
received & treated
Technology adopted Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Activated Sludge Process (ASP)
Blanket (UASB)
Agency responsible for O & M U.P. Jal Nigam U.P. Jal Nigam
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 2.30 Cr per annum (All Rs.7.47 Cr per annum (All
cost inclusive) inclusive)
Energy cost Rs. 1.22 Cr per annum Rs. 4.30 Cr per annum
Consumables and repairs Rs. 1.05 Cr per annum Rs. 1.85 Cr per annum
Cost of manpower Rs. 0.20 Cr per annum Rs. 0.92 Cr Per annum
O & M cost/KL (treated Rs. 4.60/KL Rs. 4.89/KL
wastewater)
Cost of production per KL of Rs. 4.60/KL Rs. 4.89/KL
Secondary treated
wastewater
Mode of treatment & disposal Belt Filter Press Centrifuge
of sludge
57
1. 210 MLD plant in Bhingawan
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 176 <30 29
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 628 <100 98
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 524 <50 49
2. 43 MLD Plant in Jajmau
Design After
value2 treatment3
1
2
3
Photos of STPs
210 MLD STP at Bingawan
58
43 MLD STP at Jajmau
59
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN MADURAI
Madurai is a city in Tamil Nadu and has a population of 14.68 Lakh (as per 2011 census) residing in
147.9 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 61.29 MLD of wastewater. Madurai
City Municipal Corporation (MCMC) is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services
to the city. It has so far established 2 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment
capacity of 170.70 MLD. Wastewater is treated through secondary treatment process by Sequential
Batch Reactor (SBR) technology. 38 MLD of treated wastewater is reused for grass farming.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 125 MLD capacity located at Avaniyapuram has been presented as
successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Madurai.
Name/Location of the Sewage Avaniyapuram

Treatment Plant
Capacity 125 MLD
Total Capital cost Rs. 72.60 Crore
& treated
Quantity of wastewater reused 20MLD
Agency responsible for O & M M/s. AMR Engineering And Construction Technology
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 80.7 Lakh per year
Energy cost Rs. 1.64 Crore per year
Consumables and repairs Rs. 16.7 Lakh per year
Cost of manpower Rs. 71.46 Lakh per year
O&M cost/KL (treated
wastewater)
Secondary treatment- Rs. 3.50/KL
Sludge generation 1.5 MT/day
Mode of treatment & disposal of Sludge is dried in drying bed and is given to farmers for
sludge using as fertiliser. It is also used in the nursery in the
STP premises.
Treated wastewater to the tune of 20 MLD is reused from for the purpose of grass farming. Currently,
no revenue is generated from the reuse of wastewater, however, the reuse of treated wastewater has
dual benefit of saving the fresh water consumption and the cost incurred on the water bill.
60
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 270 200-300 13
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 472 400-500 64
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 383 200-400 12
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 25 25-30 6.72
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 60 100/100ml 10
1
2
3
Photo of STP
125 MLD plant at Avaniyapuram
61
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN NAGPUR
Nagpur is one of the major cities of Maharashtra and has a population of 24.05 Lakhs (as per 2011
census) living in 227 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 520 MLD of wastewater.
Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) is responsible to provide water supply and sewerage services to
the city. NMC has so far established 4 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment
capacity of 340 MLD out of which 313.5 MLD is reused in thermal power plant in the city.
NMC has two major centralized STPs of 200 MLD & 130 MLD at Bhandewadi. Small Decentralised STPs
are constructed by NMC at Mokshadham, Ghat Road with capacity of 5 MLD and Mankapur Square
with capacity of 5 MLD. Treated wastewater from two centralized STPs of 200 MLD & 130 MLD at
Bhandewadi have been presented as successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Nagpur.
Name/ Location of the Bhandewadi STP Bhandewadi STP

Capacity 130 MLD Upgraded to 200 MLD from

100 MLD
Year of commissioning July 2016 July 2018
Implemented by Nagpur Municipal Nagpur Municipal Corporation

Corporation
Total Capital cost Rs. 195 Cr Rs. 261.72 Cr
Contribution by ULB and ULB share borne by Complete funding by VEL

Private Agency MAHAGENCO (Vishwaraj Environment Pvt.
Ltd.)
NMC – To provide land and
sewage
Technology adopted Secondary treatment by Secondary treatment by
sequential batch reactor sequential batch reactor
Tertiary treatment by Sand Tertiary treatment by fiber
bed filter Disc Filter
Quantity of wastewater 123.5 MLD 190 MLD

reused
Area of reuse 123.5 MLD reused in 190 MLD reused in thermal
thermal power station power station
Agency responsible for O M/s SMS envocare Vishwaraj Environment Pvt.
&M Ltd.
Operation and Rs. 24 lakh per annum Rs. 60 Cr for 30 years
Maintenance cost
Energy cost Rs. 12 Cr per annum
Cost of Manpower Rs. 91.2 lakh per annum

62
Consumables/Repairs Rs. 99 lakh per annum
Cost of production of Per Rs. 11 Rs. 2.03

KLD
Revenue generated from Rs. 15 Cr. per annum Rs. 40 Cr. per annum
reuse of wastewater
Sludge generation 10 m3/day 5 MT – Total quantity
accumulated till March 2021
Mode of treatment & Sludge is treated by centrifuge and disposed in landfill sites
disposal of sludge
Treated wastewater to the tune of 123.5 MLD is successfully reused from Bhandewadi 130 MLD STP
which is supplied to thermal power plant. The sale of this treated wastewater generates income of Rs.
15 Cr per annum.
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Model for 200 MLD STP
NMC has augmented their existing 100 MLD STP at Bhandewadi to 200 MLD to treat the raw sewage
flowing in the Pioli river (75 MLD), Pohra River (75 MLD) and Hiwari Nagar old pumping station on
trunk main (50 MLD). For this, a concession agreement was signed between NMC and NWWMPL.
Nagpur Waste Water Management Private Limited (NWWMPL) was formed by Vishwaraj Environment
Pvt. Ltd. as a special purpose vehicle and is responsible for Capital Investment, Construction and O&M
of entire scheme for said period with committed quantity & quality. As per the concession agreement,
the concessioning authority (NMC) shall be providing land and sewage and concessionaire (NWWMPL)
has right to sell the treated effluent. As a part of Agreement, NMC has given rights over treated sewage
to the Concessionaire to encourage the reuse of treated sewage and a part of the revenue is shared
with NMC as a part of royalty.
The 200 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant was commissioned in July 2018 and is under operation in full
capacity from date of commissioning. Further, a Tripartite Agreement has been signed between NMC
– MAHAGENCO-NWWMPL for the use of 190 MLD treated wastewater by Mahagenco in their Koradi
and Khaperkheda Thermal Power Plant for cooling purpose.
According to Terms of Agreement, following are the major responsibilities of each parties.
1. Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) - Shall be responsible for supply of raw sewage
2. Nagpur Waste Water Management Private Limited (NWWMPL) – Shall be responsible for
Capital Investment, Construction and O&M of entire scheme for said period with committed
quantity & quality.
3. MAHAGENCO – Shall be responsible for payments during agreement period as per contract
terms.
It is a successful PPP model in which all the stakeholders are benefitted. The sale of treated wastewater
from 200 MLD plant is generating income of Rs. 40 Cr per annum.
63
Sewage Design After

Sl.No. Parameters
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 250 mg/l <5 mg/l 3.5mg/l
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 500 mg/l <30 mg/l 12 mg/l
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 300 mg/l <5 mg/l 3 mg/l
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 45 mg/l <10 mg/l 2.8 mg/l
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 8 mg/l <0.5 mg/l 0.35mg/l
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 1600000 <2 <1
1
2
3
Photos of STPs
Bhandewadi 130 MLD STP Bhandewadi 200 MLD STP
64
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN NASHIK
Nashik is one of the major cities of Maharashtra and has population of 20 Lakhs (as per census 2011)
living in 267.48 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 320 MLD of wastewater. Nasik
Municipal Corporation (NMC) provides water supply and sewerage services to the city. NMC has so far
established 10 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment capacity of 360.50
MLD and a new one of 32 MLD capacity is under construction. All the treated wastewater is reused in
the city for agricultural purposes and other reuse for downstream area as deemed fit. The wastewater
is treated by various secondary treatment technologies like Activated sludge process, Sequential Batch
Reactor etc. As per Sanctioned Letter No. 2959/2009 dtd. 24/07/2009 for Water Reservation to NMC,
from Water Resource Department, Govt. of Maharashtra, the treated sewage water is being released
in the river for Agriculture and other reuse for downstream area as deemed fit.
Treated wastewater from 3 STPs (Topovan II, Panchak III, Gangapur Goan) has been presented as
successful recycle and reuse of wastewater projects in Nashik city.
Name/Location of the Topovan II Panchak III Gangapur Goan

Total Capital cost Rs. 14.41 Cr Rs. 22 Cr Rs. 31 Cr
Technology adopted Unaerobic Sludge Unaerobic Sludge Sequential Batch

Blanket Reactor Blanket Reactor + Reactor
Moving Bed Biofilm
Reactor
Quantity of wastewater 1593 ML per month 646 ML per month 547 ML per month
received & treated (53 MLD) (21.53MLD) (18 MLD)
Quantity of recycle and 1593 ML per month 646 ML per month 547 ML per month
Reuse
Area/ Purpose of reuse As per Agreement with Water Resource Department, Govt. of
Maharashtra, treated wastewater is required to be released in
the river for agriculture and further reuse.
Agency responsible for O M/s Mahajan M/s Badgujar and M/s Gondwana
&M Brothers, Nashik Company, Nashik Engineers Ltd.,
Nagpur
Operation and Rs. 4.58 Lakh per Rs. 5.11 Lakh per Rs. 3 Lakh per
Maintenance cost month month month
including Cost of
Manpower
Energy cost (as per Rs. 3.09 Lakh per Rs. 1.82 Lakh per Rs. 5.95 Lakh per
March 2021 bill) month month month
65
Consumables/Repairs Rs. 0.81 Lakh per Rs. 1.34 Lakh per Rs. 2.65 Lakh per
month month month
Cost of production of Per Rs. 0.53 per KLD Rs. 1.28 per KLD Rs. 2.12 per KLD
KLD ( Secondary
Treatment)
Sludge generation 236 m3 per month 95 m3 per month 83 m3 per month
Mode of treatment & Sludge Drying bed Centrifuge Centrifuge

disposal of sludge
Dry sludge is used as manure for Agriculture purpose

1. Topovan II
Sewage Design After

Sl.No. Parameters
1 Biological Oxygen Demand 94 20 15
(mg/l)
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand 286 - 49
(mg/l)
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 18X105 - 36
# Common Outlet of Tapovan
52+78 MLD
2. Panchak III
Sewage Design After

Sl.No. Parameters
(mg/l)
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand 266 - 47
(mg/l)
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 60X104 - 12
66
3. Gangapur Goan
Sewage Design After

Sl.No. Parameters
(mg/l)
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand 349 50 38
(mg/l)
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 29 < 10 8
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 3.25 <2 1.25
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 725 < 230 145
1
2
3
Photos of STPs
52 MLD Topovan II STP
32 MLD Panchak III STP
67
18 MLD Gangapur Gaon STP
68
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN NAVI MUMBAI
Navi Mumbai is one of the major cities in Maharashtra and has urban population of about 11.2 Lakhs
(as per census 2011) living in 109.59 Sq.km of municipal area. The city generates 215 MLD of
wastewater. Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) is responsible for providing water supply
and sewerage services to the city. NMMC has so far established 7 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in
the city with a total treatment capacity of 454 MLD. Wastewater received is treated through secondary
treatment process by adopting Sequential Batch Reactor(SBR) technology. Out of treated 215MLD, 65
MLD is reused in the city for different purposes like horticulture, construction and washing of MSW
Machines and vehicles.
The 87.5 MLD STP located at Koparkhairane has been presented as recycle and reuse of wastewater
project in Navi Mumbai.
Name/Location of the Sewage Treatment Koparkhairane

Plant
Capacity 87.50 MLD
Total Capital cost Rs. 92.79 Cr.
Quantity of wastewater received & 48 MLD
treated
Quantity of wastewater reused 14.5 MLD
Technology adopted Secondary Treatment - Sequential Batch
Reactor (SBR)
Tertiary Treatment - Ultra Filtration
Membrane & Ultra violet Technology (UF
+ UV) (ongoing work under AMRUT
Scheme)
Agency responsible for O & M Eagle Infra Private limited
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 2.15. Cr. per annum (inclusive of
manpower and Consumables)
Energy cost Rs. 3.66 Cr per annum
Mode of treatment & disposal of sludge Centrifugation method is used. Digested
sludge sent to landfill
Cost of production of Per KLD treated Secondary treatment – Rs.2.74
wastewater (Rs) Tertiary treatment – Rs.6.42
Out of 14.5MLD wastewater reused, 11.38 MLD is used for Horticulture, 0.48 MLD is used for
Construction and 2.67 MLD is used for other purposes like washing of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
collection and transportation vehicles and machineries at the MSW management site. The reuse of
69
treated wastewater has dual benefit of saving the fresh water consumption and the cost incurred on
the water bill. It also has potential to generate income for the ULB by sale of treated wastewater to
various industries. There are 6 STPs in the city where recycle and reuse of treated wastewater is being
implemented which saves huge quantity of fresh water to the tune of 65 MLD.
Design After
value2 treatment3
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) - <10 -
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) - <2 -
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) <100 <100 <100
1
2
3
Photo of STP
87.5 MLD Koparkhairane STP
70
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN PRAYAGRAJ
Prayagraj is one of the oldest and major cities in Uttar Pradesh and has a population of 15.36 Lakh (as
per 2011 census) residing in 365.70 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 365.51
MLD of wastewater. Prayagraj Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply and
sewerage services to the city. They have so far established 7 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the
city with a total treatment capacity of 268 MLD. It is treated through secondary treatment process by
adopting technologies like Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Bio Tower
(Modified Trickling Filter) etc. Out of this, 14 MLD is treated by Sequential Batch Reactor(SBR) and
effluent parameters comply the latest NGT guidelines for tertiary treated wastewater. Out of the
treated 268 MLD, approximately 40 MLD of treated wastewater is reused for agricultural purposes in
the city.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 80 MLD capacity located at Naini has been presented as successful reuse
of wastewater project in Prayagraj.
Name/Location of the Sewage Naini

Treatment Plant
Capacity 80 MLD
Implemented by Ganga Pollution Control Unit, UPJN, Prayagraj
Quantity of wastewater 75 MLD (Average)
Technology adopted Secondary Treatment – Activated Sludge Process
(ASP)
Quantity of wastewater Approximately 40 MLD used for agricultural
reused
Agency responsible for O & M M/s Prayagraj Water Private Limited (Concessionaire)
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 102.38 Cr for 15 years
cost
Energy cost Rs. 66.34 Cr for 15 years
Consumables and repairs Rs. 14.76 Cr for 15 years
Cost of manpower Rs. 21.28 Cr for 15 years
Sludge generation 30 m3/day
Mode of treatment & disposal Sludge is dried in drying bed and disposed to landfill.
of sludge
At present approximately 40 MLD of treated wastewater from Naini STP is reused for agricultural
purposes. The reuse of treated wastewater has dual benefit of saving the fresh water consumption
71
and also the cost incurred on the water bill. It has a potential to generate income for the ULB by sale
of treated wastewater. An additional 42 MLD STP is under construction at Naini and there is a proposal
under preparation for the reuse of treated wastewater to the tune of 80 MLD which will be supplied
to NTPC Meja Thermal Power Station.
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 137 mg/l 30 mg/l 26 mg/l
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 305 mg/l 50mg/l 46 mg/l
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - 1000 500
MPN
1
2
3
Photos of STP
80 MLD STP in Naini
Channel used for agricultural purpose
72
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN PUNE
Pune is one of the major cities of Maharashtra with urban population of 31 Lakhs (as per 2011 census)
living in 243.96 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 750 MLD of wastewater. Pune
Municipal Corporation (PMC) is responsible to provide water supply and sewerage services to the city.
PMC has so far established 10 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment
capacity of 567 MLD. However, 535 MLD of wastewater is actually being treated through secondary
treatment technologies like Activated sludge process, modified activated sludge process, sequential
batch reactor etc. Out of 535 MLD of the total treated wastewater, around 400 MLD is reused for
irrigation purposes as per requirement from irrigation department. Wastewater is also reused for
various other purposes like construction, road cleaning etc. wherein tankers are sent to different STPs
in the city to facilitate the water requirements.
New Naidu STP, Bopodi STP and Erandawane STP have been presented as successful recycle and reuse
of wastewater projects in Pune.
Name/Location of the Bopodi STP Erandawane STP New Naidu STP

Total Capital cost Rs. 5.36 Cr Rs. 11.61 Cr Rs. 40.15 Cr
Technology adopted Modified Extended Activated Sludge

Activated Sludge Activated Sludge Process
Process Process
Quantity of wastewater 16.48 MLD 48.3 MLD 101 MLD

treated (2019 – 2020)
Total treated sludge 3 Ton/day 6 Ton/day 10 Ton/day

generated
Agency responsible for O & M/s J.D Khandeshi M/s Toshiba M/s Vishvaraj
M Water Solution Environment Pvt.
Pvt. Ltd. Ltd.
Operation and Rs. 4.06 crore for Rs. 6.87 crore for 5 Rs. 7.71 crore for 5
Maintenance cost 5 years years years
(Including consumables+
cost of manpower ClO2+Lab
testing)
Energy cost Rs. 64 Lakh per Rs. 178 Lakh per Rs. 163 lakh per
annum annum (including annum
energy cost of
pumping station)
73
Treated wastewater from all the 10 STPs in the city are released to Mula and Mutha river which
confluence to form Mula-mutha river. Pumping stations are constructed at the downstream to pump
the water into irrigation canals. This was done in 2015 to meet the water demand for irrigation. As per
requirement from Irrigation Department, around 400 MLD of treated wastewater is supplied for
agricultural purposes thereby saving the fresh water. The generated sludge is used as fertiliser in
Agriculture/horticulture department.
Huge quantity of garbage material from drains disturb the screening process, which is often the main
challenge in operation and maintenance of STP. The life of present STPs in the city have exceeded 15
years therefore, by installing new types of screens, grit removal arrangement, blowers, centrifuge etc.
treatment can be further improved in these STPs.

1. Bopodi STP
Sewage Design After

Sl.No. Parameters
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 150-180 250 8-10
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 200-300 350 15-25
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 160-200 300 10-15
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) - - <100
2. Erandawane STP
Sewage Design After

Sl.No. Parameters
74
3. New Naidu STP
Sewage Design After

Sl.No. Parameters
1
2
3
Photos of STPs
18 MLD Bopodi STP 50 MLD Erandawane STP
115 MLD New Naidu STP
75
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN RANCHI
Ranchi is the capital city of Jharkhand State and has a population of 10.7 Lakh (as per 2011 census)
residing in 175.12 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 94 MLD of wastewater.
Ranchi Municipal corporation is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services in the
city. There are 7 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city with a total treatment capacity of 10.5
MLD. All the wastewater is treated by Phytorid Bed Technology. Approximately 7.2 MLD of treated
wastewater is reused for agriculture, horticulture, landscaping and washing of vehicles.
Sewage Treatment Plant of 2 MLD capacity located at Kadru has been presented for successful recycle
and reuse of wastewater Ranchi.
Name/Location of the Sewage Near baddisson blue, Kadru

Treatment Plant
Capacity 2 MLD
Total Capital cost Rs.2.83 Cr
and treated
Technology adopted Phytorid Bed Technology
Agency responsible for O & M Eagle Infra India Ltd.
Operation and Maintenance cost Approx. Rs.1 lakh per month (all inclusive)
Sludge generation 3m3/month
Mode of treatment & disposal of Sludge is dumped in dumping yard.
sludge
Treated wastewater to the tune of 1.6 MLD is reused for agriculture, horticulture, landscaping and
washing of vehicles from Kadru 2 MLD STP in Kadru. Currently, no revenue is generated from the reuse
of wastewater, however, the reuse of treated wastewater has dual benefit of saving the fresh water
consumption and the cost incurred on the water bill. It also has potential to generate income for the
ULB by sale of treated wastewater.
76
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 322 - 29.4
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 603 - 244
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 82 - 64
1
2
3
Photo of STP
2 MLD Plant in Kadru
77
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN SURAT
Surat is one of the major cities in Gujarat and has a population of 65 Lakhs residing in 462.15 Sq. km
of municipal area. At present, the city generates about 956 MLD of wastewater. Surat Municipal
Corporation (SMC) provides water supply and sewerage services to the city. SMC has so far established
11 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city having a total treatment capacity of 1373 MLD and
wastewater is treated through secondary treatment process. Out of 956 MLD, 115 MLD is treated up
to tertiary level treatment. Out of the total treated wastewater about 319 MLD is being reused for
different purposes in the city. Treated water is being reused for various industrial and horticultural
purposes.
STP of 100 MLD capacity located in Bamroli has been presented as successful recycle and reuse of
wastewater project which was established in the year 2014. It has UASB + Extended Aeration
technology followed by sand filtration, activated carbon filtration, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration.
Out of 99 MLD wastewater received & treated, 57MLD tertiary treated wastewater is reused for
various non-potable uses. The details of Bamroli STP are as follows.
Name / Location of the Bamroli

Capacity 100 MLD
Implemented by Surat Municipal Corporation
Contractor : Enviro Control Associates (I) Pvt. Ltd.
Total Capital cost Rs. 112.16 Cr (Sewage Treatment Plant)
Rs. 85.10 Cr (Tertiary Treatment plant)
Contribution by ULB and 100 % (Grant from State Government)
Private Agency
Technology adopted Secondary treatment - Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge
Blanket Process + Integrated Fixed Film Activated
Sludge process + Extended Aeration.
Tertiary treatment - Sand Filtration / Disc Filtration +
Ultra Filtration (UF) +Reverse Osmosis (RO) + Activated
Carbon Filtration (ACF)
received & treated
treated by tertiary
treatment
Quantity of wastewater 40 MLD net output
reused
78
Area of reuse Non potable water in various industrial clusters,
gardening purposes at STPs & Road Dividers, sprinkling
at MSW disposal site, Sewer Jetting Machines in Surat.
Agency responsible for O & SSG Infratech Pvt. Ltd., Surat
M
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 123.76 Lakhs per month (July 2021) - TTP
cost (including consumables Rs. 30.28 Lakhs per month (July 2021) - STP
and repairs and cost of
Manpower)
Energy cost Rs. 37.74 Lakhs per month (July 2021) - TTP
Rs. 44.18 Lakhs per month(July 2021) - STP
O & M cost /KL (treated Rs. 2.66 per KL (Secondary Treatment)
wastewater
Rs. 23.10 per KL (Tertiary Treatment)
Cost of production of Per Rs. 25.76 per KL
KLD
Revenue generated from About Rs. 233 Cr till July 2021
reuse of wastewater
Sludge generation 15 - 18 Tonne/Day
Mode of treatment & Mechanical filter press. Sold as manure & remaining
disposal of sludge disposed in landfill sites.
Treated water is reused for various non-potable uses in various industrial clusters, for gardening
purposes at STPs & road dividers, for sprinkling at MSW disposal site and in sewer jetting machines.
In 2014, the city of Surat began supplying treated wastewater to industries in the Pandesara cluster at
a price of Rs 18.20 per KL. This has gradually gone up to Rs 28.58 per KL till present (July 2021). At
present, 57 MLD secondary treated wastewater (40 MLD net output - tertiary treated wastewater) is
used for various industrial purposes (dyeing and printing) at Pandesara GIDC Area, 2 MLD is used for
landscaping and 1 MLD is used internally in STP for chlorination system, sludge dewatering system etc.
After this success and due to additional demand from Pandesara Industries, an additional 40 MLD TTP
has been set up similarly at Dindoli STP by Surat Municipal Corporation. This plant is operational &
supplies 40 MLD of tertiary treated wastewater to Pandesara Industries. Therefore, the current non
potable water demand of 80 MLD at Pandesara Industrial area is being sufficed through SMC’s 40 MLD
Tertiary Treatment Plant at Bamroli and 40 MLD Tertiary Treatment Plant at Dindoli.
Further, Sachin GIDC Industrial setup, adjacent to the city has come forward to buy 35 MLD treated
wastewater from newly constructed 35 MLD capacity Tertiary Treatment Plant at Bamroli STP since
November 2020. Till July 2021, Rs. 233 Cr has been generated from the sale of treated wastewater.
79
Some of the challenges faced by Surat Municipal Corporation with respect to sewage inflow, O & M
etc. are listed below,
 Variation / fluctuation in quality and quantity of sewage, particularly in ensuring that there are
no industrial waste mixed into the sewage has been a huge challenge for SMC.
 Buffer tank which is required to ensure consistent supply to the tertiary treatment plant.
 Uninterruptible power supply for continuous functioning of the plant.
 Proper treatment of reject water after Tertiary Treatment shall be planned.
 The secondary sewage treatment plant should be so operated that the outlet parameters of
secondary treated water match with the acceptable inlet parameters of Tertiary Treatment
Plant and for that comprehensive Operation & Maintenance upto Tertiary Treatment Plant
should be given to single agency.
 Staff training is must as on site components like UF/RO are imported from other countries. So
as to avoid dependency and in-house capacity building should be undertaken.
Sewage After
S.No. Parameters Design value2
inflow1 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 370 mg/l <10 mg/l <8 mg/l
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 700 mg/l <50 mg/l <40 mg/l
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 350 mg/l <20 mg/l <15.8 mg/l
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 32 mg/l <10 mg/l <10 mg/l
5 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 7 mg/l ≤2 (as ≤2 (as
dissolved dissolved
phosphorous) phosphorous)
6 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 1 x 105 <100 <100 MPN/100
MPN/100 MPN/100 ml ml
ml
1
2
3
80
Photos of STP
Bamroli STP – Secondary Treatment Plant Bamroli STP – Tertiary Treatment Plant
Aerial view of 100 MLD STP at Bamroli
81
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN VADODARA
Vadodara is one of the major cities of Gujarat and has population of 17.4 Lakhs (as per 2011 census)
living in 220.33 Sq.km of Vadodara municipal corporation area. The city generates 409 MLD of
wastewater. Vadodara Municipal Corporation (VMC) is responsible to provide water supply and
sewerage services to the city. VMC has so far established 7 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in the city
with a total treatment capacity of 276.5 MLD. However, 273 MLD of wastewater is being treated
through secondary treatment process out of which 32 MLD is treated through tertiary treatment
process (UV and media filtration). Out of 273 MLD treated, 3.2 MLD is reused in the city.
VMC has provided 78 MLD STP at Rajivnagar as successful recycle and reuse of wastewater project in
Vadodara. The wastewater is treated by SBR technology followed by media filtration and UV. Of the
2MLD which is reused, 1.5 MLD is used for horticultural purposes and 0.5 MLD is reused in the sewer
cleaning machine in the city, thereby saving fresh water of 2 MLD. Sale of treated water has the
potential to generate an income for the ULBs. VMC have MoU with Ceres Biotech Pvt. Ltd. for
collecting sludge from STP and they use it to make Fertilizer.
Name/Location of the Sewage Rajivnagar

Treatment Plant
Capacity 78 MLD
Implemented by Vadodara Municipal Corporation
Total Capital cost Rs. 88.50 Crore
Technology adopted Secondary treatment - Sequential Batch Reactor

(SBR)
Quantity of wastewater reused Tertiary
2 MLD treatment - UV and media filtration
Area of reuse 1.5 MLD for horticulture and 0.5 MLD in sewer
cleaning machine
Agency responsible for O & M Rajkamal Builders Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 30.91 Lakh per month ( All inclusive)
Energy cost Rs. 18 Lakhs per month
Consumables/Repairs Rs. 8 Lakhs per month
Cost of manpower (Skilled & Rs. 4.83 lakhs per month

Unskilled personnel)
O & M cost /KL (treated Rs. 2.58/kL
wastewater for tertiary treatment
Sludge generation 576000 kg per annum
Mode of treatment & disposal of Ceres Biotech Pvt. Ltd. collects Sludge in dry back
sludge form and use it as fertilizer.
82

Treatment3
Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 218 <5 <5
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 480 <50 <50
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 280 <5 <5
Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 8 ≤1 ≤1
Fecal Coliform (MPN/100mL) 2X107 ≤100 ≤100
1
2
3
New STP of 60 MLD is under progress which is planned to be commissioned by 2023, out of which 35
MLD is proposed to be sold to M/S RIL and M/S IOCL for reuse purposes. Revenue will be generated
after this plant is commissioned.
Photo of STP
78 MLD Rajivnagar STP
83
RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN VARANASI
Varanasi is one of the major cities of Uttar Pradesh and has population of 12 Lakhs (as per 2011 census)
living in 82 Sq.km of Varanasi Municipal Corporation area. The city generates 302 MLD of wastewater.
Varanasi Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services to the
capacity of 411.8 MLD. Around 265 MLD of wastewater is being treated through secondary treatment
process by adopting technologies like Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
etc., and by tertiary treatment technologies like Chlorination and UV technology. Approximately 50
MLD of treated wastewater is being reused for irrigation, landscaping and horticultural purposes in
the city.
Sewage treatment plant of 140 MLD capacity located at Dinapur, Varanasi has been presented as
successful recycle and reuse of wastewater project in Varanasi.
Name/Location of the Sewage Dinapur, Varanasi

Treatment Plant
Capacity 140 MLD
Total Capital cost Rs. 170 Crore
Technology adopted Activated Sludge Process with chlorine disinfection

and treated
Agency responsible for O & M Va Tech Wabag Ltd.
Operation and Maintenance cost Rs. 3.48 Cr for 1 year (excluding power charges)
Energy cost Rs. 40 Lakhs per month, Out of which around Rs. 25
Lakhs worth power is being generated form Biogas
produced in the STP.
Consumables/Repairs Rs. 20 Lakhs per month
Cost of manpower (Skilled & Rs. 9 Lakhs per month

Unskilled personnel)
O & M cost /KL for secondary Rs. 70/KL

treated
wastewater
Cost of production per KLD of Rs. 70/KL
secondary treated wastewater
Sludge generation 960 m3/month
84
Mode of treatment & disposal of Sludge Drying Bed and sold to farmers as bio
sludge fertiliser
Out of total 50 MLD reused wastewater, around 40 MLD is being discharged in the irrigation canal
(Sharada Sahayak Canal) from 120 MLD STP at Goithaha. Around 6.0 MLD treated wastewater is being
utilized for irrigation, landscaping and horticultural purposes from Bhagwanpur 9.8 MLD STP, Dinapur
80 MLD STP & 140 MLD STP. Around 4.0 MLD treated wastewater is used for internal horticulture, golf
course etc. in Banaras Locomotive Work (BLW). Recently, Municipal Corporation, Varanasi has started
use of treated wastewater from Goithaha STP for sprinkling on road for dust control. Feasibility of
usage of treated wastewater for cleaning of Rail Coaches/ Wagons are also being explored.

Treatment3
Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 116 20 14
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 225 36 21
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 230 30 26
Fecal Coliform (MPN/100mL) - - -
1
2
3
Photo of STP
140 MLD STP in Dinapur Varanasi
85
RECYCLE AD REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN VISAKHAPATNAM
Visakhapatnam is one of the major cities of Andhra Pradesh and has population of about 18.9 Lakhs
(as per 2011 census) living in 682 Sq. km of municipal corporation area. The city generates 289.80 MLD
of wastewater. Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) is responsible to provide water
supply and sewerage services to the city. GVMC has so far established 5 Sewage Treatment Plants
(STPs) and 11 Mini STPs in the city with a total treatment capacity of 165.50 MLD. At present
102.05MLD is being collected and treated by secondary treatment process. Of this, 12MLD is reused
for commercial and industrial uses by Visakhapatnam Port Trust (VPT), ESSAR Industry and Vizag Golf
Course.
GVMC has provided 54MLD STP at Narava which is getting upgraded to 108MLD as a successful recycle
and reuse of wastewater project in Visakhapatnam. This STP was funded under JnNURM and started
operating from 2016. At present, 20MLD wastewater is received at the plant and treated by Activated
Sludge Process with diffused aeration system technology.
Name/Location of the Sewage Narava

Treatment Plant
Capacity 54 MLD upgrading to 108MLD ( Upgrading work is in
progress)
Implemented by GVMC
Total capital cost upto Rs. 48.6 Crores under Jawaharlal Nehru National
Secondary Treatment only. Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM)
Contribution by ULB and 30% by ULB
Private Agency
Technology adopted Secondary treatment –Activated Sludge Process with
diffused aeration system
Proposed tertiary treatment – Ultra filtration (UV) and
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
received and treated by
secondary treatment at present
Agency responsible for O & M Tata Projects Limited
Operation and Maintenance Rs. 32.51 Crores Per annum (after upgradation to 108
cost MLD)
Energy cost Rs. 21.15 Crores Per annum
Consumables/Repairs Rs. 11.36 Crores Per annum
O & M cost /KL (treated Rs. 11.28 Per KL including Energy Charges
wastewater
86
Secondary treatment Rs.3.34 Per KL (present)
Tertiary treatment Rs.7.94Per KL (proposed)
Cost of production of Per KLD Rs. 3.34 per KL for secondary treatment process
Rs. 7.94 per KL for tertiary treatment process
(proposed)
Sludge generation At present generation is 2 tons (one truck )/day for
20MLD sewage.
Mode of treatment & disposal Converting into sludge cakes by centrifuge and is used
of sludge for horticulture purposes
GVMC has taken up Recycle and Reuse Project under Smart City Project duly Augmenting the existing
capacity providing necessary infrastructure and giving UGD house service connections in Pendurthi
and Gajuwaka and Malkapuram areas of Visakhapatnam and upgrading the existing 54MLD STP to
108MLD, of which, a tertiary Treatment plant of 79MLD capacity with UF and RO system is planned to
facilitate the supply of treated water to Industries like HPCL( Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
) and RINL ( RashtriyaIspat Nigam Ltd.) also known as Vizag Steel. Rs.57/KL will be received from HPCL
and Rs.33/KL will be received from RINL thereby generating income of Rs. 127.43 Crores per annum
for GVMC. The above project enables GVMC to not only save fresh water but also generate income.
Design After
value2 treatment3
1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 102 - 235 mg/l 20 mg/l <2.5mg/l
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 90 - 500 mg/l 250 mg/l <10 mg/l
3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 53.3 – 258 mg/l - <2 mg/l
4 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 18.7-29.9 mg/l NS <20 mg/l
6 FaecalColiform (MPN/100ml) 24X103 -76x103 - Nil
1
2
3
87
Photo of STP
Narava, 108 MLD STP
88
PART II: CITIES NOT PRACTICING
WASTEWATER
PROFORMA FOR COLLECTION OF DATA ON RECYCLE AND REUSE OF
WASTEWATER PROJECT
I. General (City Specific)
1. Name of the city : Asansol
Name of Urban Local
Body(ULB)/Water Supply and
2. : Asansol Municipal Corporation
Sewerage Board/PHED etc., (As
applicable)
Area under
3. : 326.48
Municipality/Corporation, Sq km
4. Population (2011 Census) : 1156387
Projected Population
Present, 2020 : 1335422
5.
Intermediate, 2035 : 1695985
Ultimate, 2050 : 2184429
Wastewater generation (MLD)
Present, 2020 : 144.22 MLD
6.
Intermediate, 2035 : 180.31 MLD
Ultimate, 2050 : 235.91 MLD
Existing capacity of STPs (Secondary level) (MLD)
No. of STPs : 2 (Defunct)
Total capacity : NIL
Capacity of STPs which are in
7. : NIL
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in
: NIL
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : NIL
Existing capacity of STPs (tertiary level/Advanced) (MLD)
8.
Actual capacity of utilization : NIL
Capacity of Proposed STP : 110.40 MLD
Total quantity of wastewater treated and reused (MLD)
9. Secondary treatment : Treated (NIL) Reused (NIL)
Tertiary treatment : NIL
90
WASTEWATER PROJECT

1. Name of the city : Dhanbad
2. Name of Urban Local : Dhanbad Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 275
5. Projected Population
Present, 2020 : 1333720
Ultimate, 2050 : 2500072
6. Wastewater generation (MLD)
Present, 2020 : NA
Intermediate, 2035 : NA
Ultimate, 2050 : NA
7. Existing capacity of STPs (Secondary level) (MLD)
No. of STPs : 1
Total capacity : 250 KLD
Capacity of STPs which are in : 250 KLD
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not : NA
in operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : 250 KLD
8. Existing capacity of STPs (tertiary level/Advanced) (MLD)
Total capacity : 250 KLD
Actual capacity of utilization : 250 KLD
Capacity of Proposed STP : 250 KLD
9. Total quantity of wastewater treated and reused (MLD)
Secondary treatment : Treated (250 KLD) Reused (NIL)
Tertiary treatment :
91
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Jaipur
2. Name of Urban Local : Nagar Nigam Jaipur Greater And Heritage
applicable)
3. Area under : 431
4. Population (2011 Census) : 30.46 lakhs
Present, 2020 : 40.67 lakhs
Intermediate, 2035 : 55.00 lakhs
Ultimate, 2050 : 60.00 lakhs
Present, 2020 : 180
Ultimate, 2050 : 315
No. of STPs : 4
Total capacity : 183 MLD
Capacity of STPs which are in : 120.5 MLD
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 62.5 MLD (Unit under upgradation)
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : 66%
Total capacity : 8
Actual capacity of utilization : 8
Capacity of Proposed STP : 215
Secondary treatment : Treated (120.5) Reused (NIL)
Tertiary treatment : -
92
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Kannur
2. Name of Urban Local : Kannur Municipal corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 73 Sq. Km
Present, 2020 : 246500
Ultimate, 2050 : 293000
Present, 2020 : 31.41 MLD
Intermediate, 2035 : 38 MLD
Ultimate, 2050 : 45 MLD
No. of STPs : Nil
Total capacity : -
Capacity of STPs which are in : -
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : -
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : -
Total capacity : -
Actual capacity of utilization : -
Capacity of Proposed STP : -
Secondary treatment : Treated (NIL) Reused (NIL)
93
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Kochi
2. Name of Urban Local : Kochi Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 98
Present, 2020 : 656618
Ultimate, 2050 : 761493
Present, 2020 : 75MLD
Intermediate, 2035 : 86MLD
Ultimate, 2050 : 93MLD
No. of STPs : 2
Total capacity : 5MLD
Capacity of STPs which are in : 5MLD
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : NIL
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: :
Capacity of Proposed STP : 41.5MLD
Secondary treatment : Treated (5MLD) Reused (NIL)
94
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Kolkata
2. Name of Urban Local : Kolkata Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 206.25
4. Population (2011 Census) : 45,80,582
Present, 2020 : Data not available
Intermediate, 2035 : Data not available
Ultimate, 2050 : Data not available
Present, 2020 : 1400
Intermediate, 2035 : Not yet assessed
Ultimate, 2050 : Not yet assessed
No. of STPs : 5
Total capacity : 179
Capacity of STPs which are in : 107
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 72
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : About 80%
Total capacity : Nil
Actual capacity of utilization : N/A
Capacity of Proposed STP : 287.06
Secondary treatment : Treated (107 MLD) Reused (NIL)
Tertiary treatment : Nil
N.B: The majority of the sewage from the core inner city area - about 910 MLD in magnitude receives no formal treatment
and is discharged via the DWF canal 36 km distant to the Kulti River. Before discharging to the Kulti River the sewage
receives natural treatment as it passes through the East Kolkata Wetlands - an extensive fishery to the east of the city.
95
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Kollam
2. Name of Urban Local : Kollam Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 73.03 Sq Km
Municipality/Corporation,
Present, 2020 : 392804
Ultimate, 2050 : 475292
Present, 2020 : 42.422
Intermediate, 2035 : 45.392
Ultimate, 2050 : 51.331
No. of STPs : Nil
Total capacity :
Capacity of STPs which are in : Nil
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 12 MLD ( work just started)
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : 12 MLD
Actual capacity of utilization :
Capacity of Proposed STP :
96
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Kota
2. Name of Urban Local : Municipal corporation Kota North
applicable)
Present, 2020 : 767903
Ultimate, 2050 : 1673184
Present, 2020 : 87.08
Ultimate, 2050 : 189.74
No. of STPs : 2
Total capacity : 26
operation
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : NA
Total capacity : NA
Actual capacity of utilization : NA
Capacity of Proposed STP : NA
Secondary treatment : Treated(20 MLD) Reused (NIL)
Tertiary treatment : NA
97
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Kozhikode
2. Name of Urban Local :
Sewerage Board/PHED etc., (As Kozhikode Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 118.59 Sq.Kms
Present, 2020 : 613255
Ultimate, 2050 : 791587
Present, 2020 : 66.23
Ultimate, 2050 : 85.49
No. of STPs : NIL
Total capacity : N.A
Capacity of STPs which are in : N.A
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : N.A
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : N.A
Total capacity : -
98
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Lucknow
2. Name of Urban Local : Lucknow Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 590.361
Present, 2020 : 3615612
Ultimate, 2050 : 7489706
Present, 2020 : 434
Ultimate, 2050 : 899
No. of STPs : 3
Total capacity : 401
operation
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : 401
Total capacity : NA
Capacity of Proposed STP : 347 (120+1+39+80+22+85)
99
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Ludhiana
2. Name of Urban Local : Municipal Corporation Ludhiana
applicable)
3. Area under :
4. Population (2011 Census) : 16.2 Lac
Present, 2020 : 19 Lac (approx.)
Intermediate, 2035 : 23 Lac (approx.)
Ultimate, 2050 : 28 Lac (approx.)
Present, 2020 : 625 MLD
No. of STPs : 5
Capacity of STPs which are in : 418 MLD
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 48 MLD
operation
Total capacity : NA
Tertiary treatment : 0
100
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Malappuram
2. Name of Urban Local : Malappuram Municipality
applicable)
3. Area under : 33.61 Sq.km
Present, 2020 : 77136
Ultimate, 2050 : 88830
Present, 2020 :
Intermediate, 2035 :
Ultimate, 2050 :
No. of STPs : 1
Total capacity : 0.03 MLD
Capacity of STPs which are in : -
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : -
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : 0.03 MLD
Actual capacity of utilization : 0.03 MLD
Secondary treatment : Treated(0.03 MLD) Reused(NIL)
101
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Meerut
2. Name of Urban Local : Nagar Nigam Meerut
applicable)
3. Area under : 450 Sq.km
Present, 2020 : 1913854
Ultimate, 2050 : 5804430
Present, 2020 :
Intermediate, 2035 :
Ultimate, 2050 :
No. of STPs : 01
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : NA
operation
Total capacity : -
102
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Patna Town
2. Name of Urban Local :
applicable)
3. Area under : 100
Present, 2020 : 2181805
Ultimate, 2050 : 4257029
Present, 2020 : 257.96
Ultimate, 2050 : 518.01
No. of STPs : 3 commissioned(140 MLD), 3 under construction
(210 MLD)
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 210 MLD (Under construction)
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : 40-45 MLD
Total capacity : -
Secondary treatment : Treated (40-45 MLD) Reused (NIL)
103
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Raipur
2. Name of Urban Local : Raipur Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 226 Sq Km
Present, 2020 : 1266644
Ultimate, 2050 : 2990401
Present, 2020 : 167.47
Ultimate, 2050 : 485.33
No. of STPs : 4 Nos (Under construction)
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 4 Nos (Under construction)
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : Nil
Actual capacity of utilization : Nil
Capacity of Proposed STP : Nil
104
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Rajkot
2. Name of Urban Local : Rajkot Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 161.86 Sq km
Present, 2020 : 1969000
Ultimate, 2050 : 4636000
No. of STPs : 6
Total capacity : 316.50
Capacity of STPs which are in : 120.00
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 196.50
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : 120.00
Total capacity : 0
Actual capacity of utilization : 0
Capacity of Proposed STP : 8 MLD
Tertiary treatment : --
105
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Srinagar
2. Name of Urban Local : Urban Environmental Engineering Department

Body(ULB)/Water Supply and (UEED)/Lakes and waterway Development
Sewerage Board/PHED etc., (As Authority (LAWDA)
applicable)
3. Area under : 294 sq. km
4. Population (2011 Census) : 12.02 lakhs
Present, 2020 : 13.59 lakh
Intermediate, 2035 : 16.22 lakh
Ultimate, 2050 : 18.84 lakh
Present, 2020 : 146.77 MLD
Intermediate, 2035 : 175.17 MLD
Ultimate, 2050 : 203.47 MLD
No. of STPs : 07
Capacity of STPs which are in : 53.80
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 5.0 MLD (Under the Control of Badami Bagh
operation Cantonment Board.)
Actual capacity of utilization: : 48.90 MLD
Capacity of Proposed STP : NIL
Secondary treatment : Treated (48.90 MLD) Reused (NIL)
106
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Thiruvananthapuram
2. Name of Urban Local : Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 214.86 Sq.km
Present, 2020 : 1164000
Ultimate, 2050 : 1740000
No. of STPs : 1
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : NA
operation
Total capacity :
107
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Thrissur
2. Name of Urban Local : Thrissur Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 101.68km 2
Present, 2020 : 317546
Ultimate, 2050 : 381438
Present, 2020 : 25.40MLD
Intermediate, 2035 : 28.40MLD
Ultimate, 2050 : 30.52MLD
No. of STPs : Nil
Total capacity :
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : Nil
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: : Nil
Actual capacity of utilization : Nil
Capacity of Proposed STP : 10KLD(septage treatment plant at
Mattampuram),100KLD(septage treatment plant at
Ramavarmapuram),360KLD(sewage treatment
plant at Govt.Dist.Hospital
Thrissur),2.5MLD(sewage treatment plant at
Kokkala)
108
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Tiruchirappalli
2. Name of Urban Local : Tiruchirappalli
applicable)
Present, 2020 : 1045436
Ultimate, 2050 : 1432472
Present, 2020 : 114.99
Ultimate, 2050 : 157.57
No. of STPs : 1
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 30 MLD ( Renovation under AMRUT phase ii )
operation
Actual capacity of utilization: :
Total capacity : NA
Capacity of Proposed STP : 37 MLD ( In construction under AMRUT phase ii )
109
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Virar
2. Name of Urban Local : Vasai - Virar City Municipal Corporation
applicable)
3. Area under : 311.00 Sq.Km.
4. Population (2011 Census) : 12.22 lakh
Present, 2020 : Approx. 24 Lakh
Intermediate, 2035 : Approx. 35 Lakh
Ultimate, 2050 : Approx. 47 Lakh
Present, 2020 : Approx. 259.20 MLD
Intermediate, 2035 : Approx. 367.20 MLD
Ultimate, 2050 : Approx. 507.60 MLD
7. Existing capacity of STPs (Secondary level) (MLD) : 30 MLD
No. of STPs : 01
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : Nill
operation
Total capacity : Nill
Actual capacity of utilization : Nill
Capacity of Proposed STP : Nill
110
WASTEWATER PROJECT
1. Name of the city : Vijayawada
2. Name of Urban Local : Vijayawada Municipal Corporation
applicable)
Present, 2020 : 120000
Intermediate, 2035 : 1472770 ( 2033 )
Ultimate, 2050 : 1838436 ( 2048 )
Present, 2020 : 148.8 MLD
Intermediate, 2035 : 191.140 (2033 )
Ultimate, 2050 : 235.590 ( 2048 )
No. of STPs : 7
operation
Capacity of STPs which are not in : 20 MLD
operation
Total capacity : -
111
PART III: OVERVIEW OF
WASTEWATER PRACTICES IN
54 MILLION PLUS CITIES

Sl. Cities Recycle Population Water Current Quantity of Quantity of Total Capacity Treatment Technology Revenue
No and (As per Demand Wastewater wastewater treated No. of of STPs Secondary Tertiary Details
Reuse 2011 (MLD) Generation treated wastewater STPs (MLD) Treatment Treatment
Practice census) (MLD) (MLD) reused(MLD)
1 Agra Present 1844000 248.94 285.39 165.00 100.00 9 220.75 UASB, - No revenue
WSP,Exten generated
ded
Aeration
2 Ahmedabad Present 7100000 958.50 1080.00 878.00 512.00 12 990.00 ASP - Revenue
generated
3 Amritsar Present 1321000 178.34 210.00 190.00 3.00 3 217.50 ASP,SBR - No revenue
generated
4 Asansol Absent 1156387 156.11 144.22 0.00 0.00 2( 0.00 NA - NA
Defun
ct)
5 Aurangabad Present 1175116 158.64 84.50 126.60 75.00 4 211.00 SBR,ASP - No revenue
generated
6 Bengaluru Present 8450000 1140.75 1440.00 920.00 460.00 32 1182.50 MBBR, ASP, Chlorinatio Revenue
Extended n,UV, F- generated
Aeration Type Rapid
Gravity
sand Filters
7 Bhilai Present 625000 84.38 56.83 22.57 21.85 1 30.00 ASP Chlorinatio No revenue
n + Gravity generated
Sand Filter
8 Bhopal Present 1790000 241.65 301.00 80.00 23.00 13 144.00 SBR,ASP,Tri - No revenue
ckling generated
Fillter,WSP
113
No and (As per Demand Wastewater wastewater treated No. of of STPs Details
Reuse 2011 (MLD) Generation treated wastewater STPs (MLD) Secondary Tertiary
Practice census) (MLD) (MLD) reused(MLD) Treatment Treatment
9 Chandigarh Present 1055000 142.43 226.57 226.57 27.00 6 243.63 MBBR,SBR, Rapid Sand Revenue
ASP Filtration generated
10 Chennai Present 7438000 1004.13 1199.00 530.00 52.00 13 745.00 SBR,ASP UV, RO Revenue
generated
11 Coimbatore Present 1620000 218.70 132.84 30.00 21.25 3 170.00 SBR - Revenue
generated
12 Delhi Present 11000000 1485.00 3268.00 2383.00 340.00 40 3058.00 ASP+Biofil - Revenue
m, generated
Densadeg
and Biofor
Technology
13 Dhanbad Absent 1162470 156.93 93.54 0.25 0.00 1 0.25 MBBR UV NA
14 Faridabad Present 1438855 194.25 197.00 30.00 8.00 4 165.00 SBR - No revenue
generated
15 Ghaziabad Present 1648643 222.57 300.00 300.00 80.00 8 483.00 UASB,ASP - No revenue
generated
16 Greater Present 12440000 1679.40 2190.00 349.49 48.80 8 2721.00 RMBR, SBR Dual Media Revenue
Mumbai Sand generated
Filters, Disk
Filters,
Chlorinatio
n
17 Gwalior Present 1159032 156.47 169.00 169.00 169.00 5 223.00 SBR,ASP - No revenue
generated
18 Hyderabad Present 7499587 1012.44 1975.44 772.30 70.00 21 772.30 MBBR, UF using No revenue
BNR,SBR,AS Membrane generated
P s
114
19 Indore Present 1990000 268.65 312.00 312.00 101.50 10 412.50 SBR,ASP - Revenue
generated
20 Jabalpur Present 1054336 142.34 146.00 16.95 16.95 3 51.05 WSP, ASP Chlorinatio No revenue
n + UV generated
21 Jaipur Absent 3046000 411.21 180.00 120.50 0.00 4 183.00 ASP, SBR - NA
22 Jamshedpur Present 631364 85.23 158.00 55.00 40.00 4 63.50 ASP UF No revenue
generated
23 Jodhpur Present 2050000 276.75 110.00 85.00 85.00 3 120.00 ASP,WSP - Revenue
generated
24 Kannur Absent 232634 31.41 31.41 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 NA - NA
25 Kanpur Present 2765358 373.32 410.00 355.00 338.00 7 472.00 ASP,UASB - No revenue
generated
26 Kochi Absent 602046 81.28 75.00 5.00 0.00 2 5.00 ASP - NA
27 Kolkata Absent 4580582 618.38 1400.00 179.00 0.00 5 179.00 ASP,WSP, - NA
Aerated
Lagoon,
Oxidation
Pond
28 Kollam Absent 367107 49.56 42.42 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 NA - NA
29 Kota Absent 457540 61.77 87.08 20.00 0.00 2 26.00 ASP - NA
30 Kozhikode Absent 613255 82.79 60.23 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 NA - NA
31 Lucknow Absent 2817105 380.31 434.00 401.00 0.00 3 401.00 UASB, - NA
Fluidized
Aerobic
Bed
32 Ludhiana Absent 1900000 256.50 625.00 418.00 0.00 5 466.00 UASB, SBR - NA
115
33 Madurai Present 1468000 198.18 61.29 38.00 38.00 2 170.70 SBR - No revenue
generated
34 Malappuram Absent 77136 10.41 8.33 0.03 0.00 1 0.03 Biomembra - NA
ne
Technology
35 Meerut Absent 1305429 176.23 316.00 72.00 0.00 1 72.00 SBR - NA
36 Nagpur Present 2405000 324.68 520.00 340.00 313.50 4 340.00 SBR Fiber Disk Revenue
Filter,Sand generated
Bed filter
37 Nashik Present 2000000 270.00 320.00 331.00 320.00 10 360.50 USBR+MBB - No revenue
R, SBR,ASP generated
38 Navi Mumbai Present 1120547 151.27 215.00 215.00 65.00 7 454.00 SBR UF+UV No revenue
generated
39 Patna Absent 1683000 227.21 257.96 43.00 0.00 3 140.00 SBR - NA
40 Prayagraj Present 1536518 207.43 365.51 268.00 40.00 7 268.00 ASP,SBR, - No revenue
Biotower generated
41 Pune Present 3100000 418.50 750.00 535.00 400.00 10 567.00 Modified - No revenue
ASP,Extend generated
ed ASP,SBR
42 Raipur Absent 1048120 141.50 167.47 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 NA - NA
43 Rajkot Absent 1969000 265.82 220.00 120.00 0.00 6 316.50 SBR - NA
44 Ranchi Present 1073427 144.91 94.00 9.00 7.20 7 10.50 Phytorid - No revenue
Bed generated
Technology
45 Srinagar Absent 1202000 162.27 146.77 48.90 0.00 7 58.80 ASP, SBR, - NA
MBBR
116
46 Surat Present 6500000 877.50 956.00 927.90 319.00 11 1373.00 UFASB+ Disk Revenue
Integrated Filtration+ generated
Fixed Film UF+RO+
ASP + ACF
Extended
Aeration
47 Thiruvananth Absent 955494 128.99 140.00 60.00 0.00 1 107.00 ASP+Exten - NA
apuram ded
Aeration
48 Thrissur Absent 315957 42.65 25.40 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 NA - NA
49 Trichy Absent 1045436 141.13 114.99 58.00 0.00 1 88.00 WSP - NA
50 Vadodara Present 1740000 234.90 409.00 273.00 3.20 7 276.50 SBR UV+ Media No revenue
Filtration generated
51 Varanasi Present 1197051 161.60 302.00 265.00 0.00 5 361.80 SBR, ASP UV, No revenue
Chlorinatio generated
n
52 Vasai Virar Absent 1222000 164.97 259.20 18.00 0.00 1 30.00 MBBR - NA
53 Vijayawada Absent 1034358 139.64 148.80 130.00 0.00 7 150.00 Extended - NA

Aeration,U
ASB,MBBR
54 Visakhapatn Present 1890000 255.15 289.80 265.00 79.00 16 165.50 ST -ASP + UV+RO No revenue
am Diffused generated
Aeration
Total 128918890 17404.05 23511.99 13157.06 4177.25 345 19265.81
117
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Government of India
www.mohua.gov.in
www.cpheeo.gov.in

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COMPENDIUM OF

RECYCLE AND REUSE OF

Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO)

'{i Rici 3lTcITTR ~ ~ cfiP1 tj ~ kill

.\tal Missio11 for 1u;11~m1tio11

Office: 144-C, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi-110011, Phone: 011-23061444, 23061991

PART I: LIST OF 32 CITIES PRACTICING RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER

ACF Activated Carbon Filtration

RECYCLE AND REUSE OF

Name/Location of the Sewage Dhandhupura STP Jaganpur Dayalbagh

Capacity 78MLD 14MLD

Year of commissioning 2001 2011

Implemented by Yamuna pollution control UP Jal Nigam

Total Capital cost Rs. 22.71 Crore Rs. 7.51 Crore

Technology adopted Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge

Quantity of wastewater 70MLD 12MLD

Sludge Generation 65 MT/month 55 MT/month

Mode of treatment and Sludge Drying Bed/used as Sludge Drying Bed/used as

Performance of Treatment Plant

Parameters Sewage Inflow1 Design value2 After

2. 14 MLD plant in Jaganpur Dayalbagh

Parameters Sewage Inflow1 Design value2 After

78 MLD STP at Dhandhupura

14 MLD STP at Jaganpur Dayalbagh

Name/ Location of the Sewage Vinzol STP

Sewage Design After

Present Installed Plant Existing Reuse Treated Sewage Reuse

70 MLD Vinzol STP

Name/Location of the Sewage Basarke Bhaini, Khapper Wadala Bhittewad,

1. 95 MLD Plant in Basarke Bhaini, Khapper Kheri Pind, South - Zone

2. 95 MLD Plant in Wadala Bhittewad, Ghausabad Pind, North - Zone

Name/Location of the Sewage Kanchnawadi

Treated wastewater is reused for construction of Maharashtra Smarudhi Mahamarg expressway. It is

161 MLD STP at Kanchnawadi

Performance of Treatment Plant

1. Yelahanka New Town STP

Parameters Sewage Design After

Parameters Sewage Design After

3. Cubbon Park STP

Parameters Sewage Design After

4 MLD STP at Cubbon Park

1.5 MLD STP at Lalbagh 10 MLD STP at Yelahanka New Town

Name/Location of the Sewage 30 MLD STP, Sector 5, Ward 53

Performance of Treatment Plant

30 MLD STP at Sector 5

Name/Location of the Sewage Mohali Dhamkheda

35 MLD STP at Mohali Dhamkheda

Name/Location of the Sewage Mohali

Year of commissioning 2010

Total Capital cost Rs. 29 Cr

Quantity of wastewater received & 100MLD

Cost of manpower Rs. 1.28 Crore per year

Performance of Treatment Plant

136 MLD STP at Mohali

Name/Location of Sewage Kodungaiyur Koyambedu Perungudi

Performance of Secondary Treatment Plant

Sl.No. Parameters Sewage Design After

1 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 250 460 <20

Sl.No. Parameters Sewage Design After