MA2262 PROBABILITY AND QUEUING THEORY

UNIT I RANDOM VARIABLE

Random variable - Probability mass function – Probability density functions- Properties –

Moments - Moment generating functions and their properties- Binomial, Poisson, Geometric,
Negative binomial, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Weibull distributions.
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PART –A
1. If a random variable X takes the value 1,2,3,4 such that 2P(X=1) = 3P(X=2) = P(X=3) = 5P(X=4).
Find the distribution of x
2. A random variable X has the following distribution,
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(X) 0 k 2k 2k 3k k2 2 k2 7 k2 +k
Find (i) the value of k (ii) P (1.5 < X < 4.5 | x > 2) (iii) the smallest value of  for which P(X <) > ½
(iv) find cdf
3. A random variable X has the following distribution,
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X) a 3a 5a 7a 9a 11a 13a 15a 17a
Find (I) the value of ‘a’ (ii) P(X<3) (iii) cdf
4. A random variable X has the following distribution,
X -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(X) 0.1 k 0.2 2k 0.3 3k
Find (I) the value of k (ii) P(X<2) & P (-2 <X <2) (iii) cdf MU
5. A continuous R.V x has a PDF given by f(x) = 3x ) < x < 1 Find ‘k’such that P (X> k ) = 0.05
k

6. A R.V has the PDF

{
f ( x )= 1+ x 2
if −∞< x< ∞

0 otherwise determine ‘k’ and the distribution

function

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 1

 kx 0≤x ≤2

7. A R.V has the PDF f(x) =

2k
{
2≤x≤4
6 k−kx 4≤x≤6
0 elsewhere find ‘k’ and cdf f(x)

x 0≤x≤1

8. A R.V has the PDF f(x) =

{ 2−x 2≤x≤4
0 x ≥2 find its cdf
9. Find the distribution function of a R.V x is given by F(x) = 1 – ( 1+x) e -x; x >0 Find the density
function, P( x >2)

0 x< 0

10. The cdf of the R.V x is given by

{ x 2
0≤x <1/2
1−(3 /25 )(3−x )2 1/2≤x <3
1 x≥3 Find P( |X| <1) and
P( 1/3 <x <4)
11. Find the value of ‘k’ if the PDF of x is f(x) = kx (1-x); 0 < x< 1.
12. Find the moment of the following
X 0 2 3 4 6
F 3 7 2 3 5
6

13. Let k have the probability mass function P(k)

{ π k2
2

0
k =1,2,3 , .. .

otherwise find MGF

x 0≤x <1

14. find the MGF of the a R.V. X with PDF f(x) =

{
2−x 1≤x <2
0 otherwise also find μ11 , μ12
15. Let X be a R.V with value -1, 0, 1 such that P(X= -1)=2P(X=0) = P(X=1). Find the mean of 2x –
5
16. A continuous R.V X has the PDF f(x) = kx2 e-x x > 0 Find the rth moment of X about the origin.
Hence find the mean and variance of X
17. A continuous R.V X has the PDF f(x) = k e -x x > 0 Find the rth moment of X about the origin.
Hence find the S.D

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 2

 (e t +2 )4
M x (t )=
18. For a R.V x with 81 , Find P (x < 2)
STANDARD DISTRIBUTIONS
PART – A
19. Determine the binomial distribution for which mean is 4 and variance 3
20. 6 dice thrown 729 times, how many times do you expect at least 3 dice to show 5 or 6?
21. 6 bombs are dropped from a flight to hit a target. The probability of hitting is 1/5 . Two bombs are
required to destroy the building. Find the probability that the building is destroyed.
22. In a long run, 3 vessels out of every 10 do not return. If 10 vessels are out , find the probability
that at least 8 will arrive safely
23. If X, Y are independent Poisson variable, then conditional distribution of X + Y given X is
Binomial distribution.
24. Poisson distribution is an approximation of binomial distribution.
25. If X is a Poisson variable such that P(X = 2) = 9 P(X = 4) + 90 P(X= 6) find the variance.
t

26. The MGF of a RV of X is given by

M x (t )=e 3( e −1)
Find P (x = 1)
27. It is known that 5% of the books of a certain bindings have defective bindings. Find the
probability that 2 of 100 books bound of this binding will have defective
28. A certain rare blood type can be found in only 0.05% of people. If the population of a randomly
selected group is 3000. What is the probability that at least two people in the group have this rare
blood type?
29. A radioactive source emits on the average 2.5 particles per second. Find the probability that 3 or
more particles will be emitted in the interval of 4 seconds.
30. A radioactive source emits on the average 10 particles per min. in according to the Poisson law.
Each particle emitted has a probability of 2/5 being recorded. Find the probability that 4 particles
recorded in a min period
31. From an arbitrary deck of 52 cards, we draw cards at random with replacement and successively
until an ace is drawn. What is the probability that at least10 draw are needed
32. A father asks his sons to cut their background lawn. Since he does not specify of three sons is to
do so the job, each boy tosses a coin to determine odd person, what must cut lawn. In the case that all
these get heads or tail, they continue tossing until they reach a decision. (i) find the probability that

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 3

they reach a decision in less than ‘n’ tosses (ii) what is minimum number of tosses required to reach a
decision with probability 0.95
33. A woman and her husband want to have 95% chance for atleast one boy and atleast one girl. What
is the minimum number of children they should plan to have? assume that equal probability for
gender of child
34. life time of IC chips manufactured by a semiconductor manufacturer are approximately normally
distributed with mean 5x106 hours and variance 5x105 hours A mainframe manufacturer requires at
least 95% of a batch should have a life time greater than 4x106 will the deal be made?
35. The time required to repair a machine is exponentially distributed with parameter =1/3. What is
the probability that the repair time exceeds 3 hours.
36. The daily consumption of milk in excesses of 20000 gallon is approximately exponentially
distributed with  = 3000. The city has a daily stock of 35000 gallons. What is the probability that of
two days selected at random the stock is in sufficient for both days.
37. the mileage which a car owner get with a certain kind of radial tyre is a R.V having exponential
distribution with mean 40000 km. Find the probability that one of these tyres will last 1) at least
20000km 2) at most 30000km
38. If the time T is required to repair of a component is exponentially distributed with = ½ . What is
the 1) probability that repair time will exceed 2 hours 2) conditional probability that repair time
takes atmost 10 hours given that its duration exceeds 9 hours?
39. In a certain city, the daily consumptions of electric power in millions of kilowatt-hours can be
treated as a R.V having an Erlang distribution with parameter  = ½; k = 3. If the power plant of this
city has a daily capacity of 12 million kilowatt hours. What is the probability that this power supply
will be inadequate on any given day?
40. The life time of a component measured in hours is Weibull distribution with parameter  = 0.2,
 = 0.5 Find the mean lifetime of the component
FUNCTIONS OF RANDOM VARIABLE
− λx
λe x≥0 forsome λ>0
41. The p.d.f. of x be
f (x )= {
0 otherwise
3
42. Using method of distribution function calculate PDF of Y = √ x2
43. Let Y = e x find the p.d.f. of y if x is a uniform R.V. over (0,1)

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 4

44. Let Y = x2 Find the p.d.f. of y if x is a uniform R.V. over (-1,2)
45. The p.d.f. of a R.V x is f(x) = 2x ) < x < 1 Find the p.d.f. of 1) Y = 3x + 1 2) Y = 8 X3

e−x x ≥0
46. Let the p.d.f. of x be f(x) =
f (x )= {
0 otherwise Using the transformation Y = XX and
Z = e –x
47. If X is a normal R.V with mean zero and variance 2 Find p.d.f of Y = ex

4 x3

48. Let x be a R.V with p.d.f

f (x )= 15
{
1≤x ≤2
0 otherwise Find the p.d.f. of Y = ex & W = ( x-1)2
1
49. Let Mx(t) = 1−t t < 1 be the m.g.f of the R.V. Find the m.g.f. of Y = 2X + 1
−π π
( , )
50. If x is uniformly distributed in 2 2 Find the p.d.f of y = tan x

UNIT II TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES

Joint distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance - Correlation and

regression - Transformation of random variables - Central limit theorem

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PART A
1. Define joint probability density functions of a 2-D random variables.
2. Define marginal density functions of a 2-D random variables.
3. Define conditional density functions of a 2-D random variables.
4. What is the condition for two variables to be independent.
5. Given joint pdf, f(x,y) = cx(x-y), 0 <x <2 , -x < y <x. Evaluate c.
8xy , 0 < x < 1; 0 < y < x
6. The joint pdf of random variables x, y is given by f(x,y) =
{ 0, elsewhere .
Find the marginal density function of x.
7. If the joint pdf of a two dimensional random variables x,y is given by

k(6−x− y); 0 < x < 2 , 2 < y < 4

f(x,y) =
{ 0, elsewhere . Find P( x < 1, y < 3).

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 5

 3 2 2

8. If f(x,y) =
{ 2
( x + y ); 0 < x <1 , 0 < y <1
0 , elsewhere , find f(x/y).
9. Find the value of k if f(x,y) = k(1-x)(1-y) for 0 < x, y < 1 is to be a joint density function.

PART B
10. The input to a binary communication system, denoted by random variable X, takes on one of two
values 0 or 1 with probabilities ¾ and ¼ respectively. Because of errors caused by noise in the
system, the output Y differs from the input occasionally. The behaviour of the communication
system is modeled by the conditional probability P( Y =1 / X =1) = ¾ and P ( Y =0 / x =0) = 7/8.
Find (i) P (Y=1) (ii) P(Y=0) and (iii) P( X =1/ Y =1).
11. 3 balls are drawn at random without replacement from a box containing 2 White , 3 Red & 4
Black balls. If X denots the number of white balls drawn and Y denotes the number of red balls
drawn, form the joint probability distribution of (X,Y).
X /Y 0 1 2
0 0.1 0.04 .02
1 0.08 0.2 0.06
12. The joint probability mass function of X and Y is given as 2 0.06 0.14 0.3 .
Compute the marginal probability mass functions X and Y. Also, find P( X  1, y  1) and check
whether the variables are independent.
13. Consider the discrete random variables X and Y with the joint pmf as shown below:

X /Y −1 0 1
−2 1/16 1/16 1/16
−1 1/8 1/16 1/8
1 1/8 1/16 1/8
2 1/16 1/16 1/8 . Are X and Y independent? Are they uncorrelated?
xy

14. If the joint pdf of a 2D rv (x,y) is given by f(x,y) =

{x 2+
3
; 0 < x < 1 , 0 < y <2
0, elsewhere .
Find (i) P ( X > ½ ) (ii) P ( Y < X) (iii) P ( Y< ½ / X < ½ ).

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 6

15. The joint pdf of random variables x, y is given by f(x,y) =
{8xy , 0 0,< xelsewhere
< 1; 0 < y < x
.
(i) Find the conditional density functions . (ii) Find P ( Y < 1/8 / X < ½ ) (iii) Check
the independency.
6

16. If f(x,y) =
{ 5
( x + y 2 ); 0 ≤ x ≤1 , 0≤ y ≤1
0 , elsewhere , obtain the marginal densities of x and y. Hence or
otherwise find P ( ¼  y  ¾ ).
2

17. Given f(x,y) =

{ 3
( x+2 y ); 0 < x <1 , 0 < y <1
0 , elsewhere , (i) find marginal densities of X and Y (ii)
Conditional density X given by Y =y and P ( X  ½ / Y = ½ ).

e−( x + y ) , x ≥0, y≥0

18. If f(x,y) =
{ 0, elsewhere , find (i) P (X < 1) (ii) P ( X + Y < 1).
19. The joint density function of 2 D random variables ( X, Y) is given by f(x,y) =

{ 9
xy , 1 ≤ x≤ y ≤2
0 , elsewhere . Find the marginal density functions of X and Y. Find also the conditional
density function of Y given X=x and the conditional density function of X given Y =y.
9( 1+ x + y )

20. The joint pdf is given by f(x,y) =

{ 2( 1+ x )4 ( 1+ y ) 4
0,
; 0≤x <∞ , 0≤ y <∞

elsewhere . Find the marginal

distributions of x and y and the conditional distribution of y for X=x.
21. The joint density function is given by f(x,y) = 2, 0 < x < y < 1, find the marginal and conditional
density function. Are X and Y independent?
22. Let the joint density function of random variables X and Y be given by f(x,y) =

1 −x

{ 2
y e ; x> 0 , 0 < y < 2
0 , elsewhere . Find the marginal density functions of X and Y.
23. If the joint pdf of a two dimensional random variables x,y is given by

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 7

 −2 x1−3 x2

f(x,y) =
{
6e ; 0 < x1 , x2 > 0
0 , elsewhere . Find the probability that the first random variable will take on
a value between 1 and 2 and the second random variable will take on a value between 2 and 3. Also
find the probability that the first random variable will take on a value less than 2 and the second
random variable will take on a value greater than 2.
24. If the joint pdf of a two dimensional random variables x,y is given by

f(x,y) =
{k(6−x− y);0, 0 elsewhere
< x < 2, 2 < y < 4
. (i) Find the value of k. (ii) P ( X + Y < 3) (iii) P ( X <
1/ Y < 3 ).
x+ y −x

25. Let the conditional pdf of X and Y=y be given by f(x/y) =

{ 1+ y
e ; 0 < x < ∞, 0 < y < ∞
0, elsewhere .
Find P(X < 1 / Y < 2).
CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
PART A
26. Write the regression equations.
27. Write the expression for acute angle between two lines of regression.
28. Prove that -1   1.
29. Prove that if the variables are independent , then they are uncorrelated.
30. If the variables are uncorrelated, are they independent? Justify your answer.

PART B
31. Calculate the correlation coefficient for the following height (in inches) of father (X) and their
sons(Y) X : 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72 Y : 67
68 65 68 72 72 69 71.

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 8

32. The joint probability mass function of X & Y is given below, find the correlation coefficient

X /Y −1 1
1 3
0
8 8
2 2
1
8 8
33. If the joint density function of ( X,Y) is given by f(x,y)=2-x-y, o< x,y <1. Find correlation
coefficient
34. Let X be a RV with mean value is 3 &Variance is 2. Find the second moment of X about the
origin. Another RV Yis defind by Y=-6x+22. Find the mean value of Y and the correlation of X &Y.

35. If the joint p.d.f of (X,Y) is given by f (x , y )=3 xy( x + y ), 0≤x , y≤1 . Verify that

11
E( E( Y )=E(Y )=
X) 24
x+ y

36. If the joint density of X&Y is given by

f (x , y )=
{ 3
0,
, 0< x <1 , 0< y <2
elsewhere .Obtain the
regression lines.
37. Two independent random variables X and Y are defined such that

f (x ) = 4 ax ,
{ 0 ≤x ≤1 f ( y ) = 4 by , 0 ≤ y ≤1
{
0 , otherwise 0 , otherwise . Prove that U = X+Y and V = X-Y
are uncorrelated.
38. (X,Y) is a 2-D random variable uniformly distributed over the triangular region R bounded by
y=0, x=3 and y = 4x/3, find the xy.

f (x , y ) = 6−x− y , x >0 , y>0 , x+ y ≤1

{
39. Let the joint pdf of (X,Y) be given by 0, elsewhere . Are X and
Y independent? Obtain the regression lines.

f (x , y ) = x+ y , 0<x<1, 0< y <1

{
40. Let the random variables X & Y have joint pdf 0, elsewhere . Find the
correlation coefficient.

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 9

41. A statistical investigator obtains the following regression lines 2x+3y = 5; 4y+3x = 7. Find (i)

xy (ii) x̄, ȳ (iii) y if x = 2.5

42. Find  if f (x , y ) = 24 y (1−x ), 0≤ y≤x ≤1 . Find xy.

43. If x,y&z are uncorrelated with zero means , standard deviations 5,12,9 respectively and if u = 2x
-3y, v= y + z + 2, find uv.
44. Given two random variables X and Y that have joint pdf

−( x+ y )
f (x , y ) = x e{ , x>0 , y>0
0 , elsewhere . Find the regression equation Y on X.
45. If the two dimensional random variable (X,Y) is uniformly distributed over R , where
R=¿ ¿ Find correlation coefficient .
TRANSFORMATIONS OF RANDOM VARIABLES
PART A
46. If X and Y are independent random variables having probability density functions f(x) = e-x , x > 0
and f(y) = e-y, y > 0, find the probability density function of U = X+Y.
47. If X and Y are independent random variables having variances 2 and 3 respectively, find the
variance of 3x+4y.
48. If X and Y are independent random variables having identical uniform distributions over (-1,1),
find the density function X+Y.
PART B
49. The joint pdf of X, Y is given by f(x,y) = e-(x+y) , x > 0, y > 0. Find the pdf of u = (x+y)/ 2.
50. If X and Y are independent random variables each following N(0,2). Find pdf of z = 2x + 3y.
51. Let X and Y be positive independent random variables with identical pdf e-x , x > 0 and e-y , y > 0.
Find the joint pdf of U = X+Y and V = X / Y.

f (x , y) = x+ y , 0 ≤x , y ≤ 1
{
52. If the joint pdf of two random variables X and Y given by 0, elsewhere . Find
the pdf of (i) U = XY (ii) U = X+Y
53. If X and Y each follow exponential distribution with parameter 1 and are independent find the pdf
of U = X – Y.

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 10

54. If X and Y are independent random variables having densities
−x −y
f X ( x ) = e U ( x), f Y ( y ) = e U ( y ) . Find pdf of Z = X / Y.

55. If X and Y are independent random variables with identical uniform distributions in ( 0, a), find
the density function of Z = X – Y.
CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
PART A
56. State the two different forms of Central limit theorem .
57. If Xi , i = 1 to 20 are independent ,uniformly distributed &identical variables , how are the

20
X̄ and ∑ Xi
random variables i= 1 are distributed?
PART B
58. Prove Central limit theorem.
59. A random sample of size 100 is taken from population whose mean is 60 and variance 400.
Using CLT what probability can we assert that the mean of the sample will not differ from  = 60 by
more than 4 ?
60. If Vi, I = 1,2,…,20 are independent noise voltages received in an ‘ adder ‘ and V is the sum of the
voltages received, find the probability that total incoming voltage V exceeds 105 using CLT.
Assume that each of the random variables Vi is uniformly distributed over ( 0, 10 ).
61. A distribution with unknown mean , has the variance equal to 1.5 . Use CLT to find how large
a sample should be taken from the distribution in order that the probability will be atleast 0.95 that the
sample mean will be within 0.5 of the population mean.
62. If X1,. X2,….,Xn are Poisson variables with parameter  = 2. Use CLT, to estimate P(120 < Sn <
160 ) where Sn = X1 + X2+……+Xn and n = 75.

UNIT III MARKOV PROCESS AND MARKOV CHAIN

Classification –stationary process - Markov process – Poisson process - Markov chains –

Transition probability- Limiting distribution.

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Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 11

 Part A
1. State the four types of stochastic processes
2. Give an example for continuous time random process
3. Define stationary process
4. Give an example of Markov process
5. Define Markov process
6. When are the processes jointly WSS
7. State the postulates of Poisson process
8. Find the invariant probability for markov chain [ X n ; n > 1] with state space S ={0,1} and one

step TPM
[1/21 1/20 ] .

0.4 0.6 0 0

9. Consider a markov chain with TPM

classes. Find the nature of states
[ 0.3 0.7 0 0
0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3
0 0 0 1
] Is it irreducible? If not , find the

PART – B
10. A raining process is considered as two state markov chain. If it rains, it is considered to be state 0

and if does not rain, the chain is in state 1. the TPM is defined as P =
[0.60.2 0.40.8 ] Find the
probability that it will rain for 3 days from today assuming that it will rain after 3 days. Assuming the
initial probabilities of state 0 and state 1 as 0.4 , 0.6 respectively
11. A person owning a scooter has the option to switch over to scooter, bike, or car next time with

0.4 0.3 0.3

probability of (0.3, 0.5.0.2). if the TPM is

( 0.2 0.5 0.3
)
0.25 0.25 0.5 What are the probabilities vehicles
related to his fourth purchase?

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 12

 0.1 0.5 0. 4

12. The TPM of {Xn} n 1,2,3 states 1,2,3 is

( 0.6 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.4 0.3 ) and p(0) = ( 0.7, 0.2, 0.1 )
Find P( X2 = 3) , p (X2 = 3, X1 = 3 , X0 = 2 )

0.1 0.6 0.3

13. Find the steady state prob. of the chain given the TPM is
( 0.5 0.1 0.4
0.1 0.2 0.7 )
14. If the taxi arrive at a taxi stand from 2 directions independently according to the Poisson law with
mean rate of arrival 2 per 20 min and 4 per 15min. Find the probability that a person will have to wait
for more than 5 min to catch a taxi
15. Define a random process. Explain the classification of Random Processes Give example
16. Derive the Poisson Law
17. Two random process X(t) = A Cos Wt + B sin Wt & Y(t)= B cos Wt – A sin Wt where A & B are
uncorrelated random variables with zero mean and equal variance and W is a constant, Check
Whether the processes are jointly WSS
18. State and prove the properties of Poisson process
19. The process X(t) whose probability under certain conditions is given
( at )n−1
n+1
n=1,2,3 ,
(1+at )
P{X (t )=n}=
( at )
n=0
by ( 1+ at ) S.T it is not a stationary
20. Suppose that a customer arrive at a bank according to Poisson process wit a mean rate 3 per min.
Find the probability that during a time interval of 2 min:
a) Exactly 4 customers arrive
b) More than 4 customers arrive.
21. Let {X (t) = a cos (Wt+Y)} be a random process where Y and W are independent random
variable. Further the characteristic function  of Y satisfies (1) = (2) = 0. While the density
function f(w) of w satisfies f(w) = f(-w). S.T X (t) is a WSS
22. Find the mean and autocorrelation of Poisson process.
23. If {X(t) = A cos t + B sin t; t  0 } is a random process where A & B are independent N(0,2)
random variables, examine the stationary of X(t).

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 13

24. Let {X(t); t  0 }be a random process where X(t) = total number of points in the interval (0,t) =

1 if k iseven
K,
= {−1 if k isodd . Find ACF of X(t). Also if P(A=1)=P(A=-1) = ½ and A is
independent of X(t), find the power spectrum of Y(t) = A X(t).
25. Two random process X(t) & Y(t) are defined by X(t) = A cos wt + B sin wt and Y(t) = B cos wt –
A sin wt. Show that X(t) and Y(t) are jointly WSS if A & B are uncorrelated random variables with
zero means and the same variance and W is constant
26. Consider a random process X (t) = B cos (50t+) where B and  are independent random
variables. B is a random variable with mean zero and variance 1  is uniformly distributed in the
interval (-,). Find mean and autocorrelation of the process.
27. Distinguish SSS & WSS and establish any two results for weekly stationary time service
involving auto correlation function.
28. Verify the sine wave process X(t) = Y coswt where Y is uniformly distributed in (0,1) is SSS
process.
29. S.T if a random process X(t) is WSS, then it must be covariance stationary.
30. Consider a R.P Y(t) = X(t) cos (wt+) where X(t) is WSS,  is random variable independent of
X(t)and it is uniformly distributed (-,)and w is a constant. P.T Y(t) is WSS.

UNIT IV QUEUEING THEORY

Markovian Models – M/M/1, M/M/C, finite and infinite capacity – M/M/” queues – Finite source
model – M/G/1 queue – Pollaczek – Khintchine formula – Special cases.
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PART – A
1. In a given M/ M/ 1/  / FCFS queue,  = 0.6, what is the probability that the queue contains 5 or
more customers?
2. What is the effective arrival rate for M/ M/ 1/ 4 / FCFS queuing model when = 2 ,and = 5
3. Define LITTLE’S formula
4. Define Pollaczek – Khinchin ( P-K ) formula
5. What are the basic characteristics of queuing process?

PART – B

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 14

6. Customer arrives at a repair shop according to a Poisson process at a rate of 1 per 10 minutes, and
service time is an exponential random variable with 8 minutes.
a. Find the average number of customers in the shop.
b. Find the average time a customer spends in the shop
c. Find the average number of customer in the queue
d. What is the probability that the service is idle
7. In a given M/M/I queuing system, the average arrival is 4 customers per minute and  = 0.7
what are
a. Mean number of customer in the system
b. Mean number of customers in the queue
c. Prob. That the server is idle
d. Mean waiting time in the system
8. The arrival in a counter in a bank occurs in accordance with a Poisson process at an average of 8
per hour. The duration of service of a customer has exponential distribution with mean of 6 minutes
find the prob. that an arrival
a. Has to wait on arrival
b. Finds 4 customers in the system
c. Has to spend less than 15 min in the bank
9. Arrivals at a telephone booth are consider to be Poisson with an average time 12 min. between
one arrival and next. The length of a phone call is assumed to be distributed exponentially with mean
4 min. Find the average number of persons waiting in the booth will have to wait in the queue? What
shall be increase in arrival rate in order to justify a second booth if it is restricted that the waiting time
of a customer to make a phone call is less than 5 min? Also estimate the fraction of a day when phone
will be in use.
10. Derive the P- K formula
11. Find the average number of customers in M / M / 1 / N queuing system when =
12. Explain M / M/ S:  , FIFO Derive the average number of customers in the queue.
13. A repairman is to be hired to repair machines which breakdown at an average rate of 3 per hour.
The breakdown follows Poisson distribution. Non-productive time have been interviewed One is slow
but cheap while the other is fast and expensive. The slow repairman charges Rs. 8 per hour but

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 15

services machines at the rate of 4 per hour. The fast repairman demands Rs 10 per hour and services
at the average rate of 6 per hour. Which repairman should be hired..
14. On average 96 patients per 24 hour day require the service of an emergency clinic. Also on an
average a patient requires 10 minutes of active attention. Assume that the facility can handle only one
emergency at a time. Suppose that it costs the clinic Rs 100 per patient treated to obtain an average
servicing time of 10 minutes and that each minutes and that each minute of decrease in this average
time would cost Rs.10 per patient treated. How much would have to be budgeted by the clinic to

1
1
decrease the average size of the queue from 3 patient to ½ patients?
15. A duplicating machine maintained for office use is operated by an office assistant who earns Rs. 5
per (hour / job). The time to complete each job varies according to an exponential distribution with
mean 6 minutes Assume a Poisson input with an average arrival rate of % jobs per hour. If an 8 –
hour day is used as a base determine the percentage idle time of the machine and the average time a
job is in the system. Also find his expected earning per day.
( M / M / S ) : (  / FIFO )
16. A petrol pump has 2 pumps. The service times follow the exponential distribution with mean of 4
minutes and cars arrive for service is a Poisson at the rate of 10 per hour. Find the prob. that a
customer has to wait for service. What is the probability that the pumps remain idle?
17. There are three typists in an office. Each typist can type an average of 6 letters per hour. If letters
arrive for being typed at the rate of 15 lettters per hours, what fraction of time all the typists will be
busy? What is the average number of letters waiting to be typed?
18. A bank has two tellers working on savings account. The first teller handles withdraws only. The
second teller handles deposits only. It has been found that the service time distributions for both
deposits and withdrawals are exponential with mean service time of 3 minutes per customer.
Depositors are found to arrive in a Poisson fashion throughout the day with mean arrival rate of 16
per hour. What would be the effect on the average waiting time for the customers if each teller could
handle both withdrawals and deposits?
( M / M / S ) : ( N / FIFO )
19. A 2 person barber shop has 5 chairs to accommodate waiting customers. Potential customers
who arrive when all 5 cahirs are full leave without entering barber shop. Customers arrive at the

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 16

average rate of 4 per hour and spend an average of 12 minutes in the barber’s chair. Compute p 0, p7
and average number of customers in the queue.
20. A car servicing has 2 boys where service can be offered simultaneously. Because of space
limitation only 4 cars are accepted. The arrival process is Poisson with 12 cars per day. The service
time in both the bays is exponentially distributed with  = 8 per day per boy. Find the average
number of cars in the service station and average time a car spends in the system.
21. Automatic car wash facility operations with only one bay. Cars arrive according to Poisson
process, with mean of 4 cars per hour and may wait in the facility’s parking lot if the bay is busy. If
the service time for all cars is constant and equal to 10 minutes, determine Ls, Lq ,Ws, Wq
22. Arrivals at a telephone booths are considered to be Poisson with average time of 10 minutes
between one arrival and the next. The length of a phone call is assumed to be distributed
exponentially distributed with mean 3 min.
a. What is the probability that a person arriving at the booth will have wait?
b. What is the average length of the queue?
23. The telephone department will install a second booth when convinced that an arrival would expect
to have to wait at least 3 min. For making a phone call by how much, must the flow of arrivals be
increased in order to justify a second booth?
24. In a factory, the machine broke down on an average rate of 10 mc. per hour. The idle time cost of
a machine is estimated to be Rs.20/hr. The factory works 8 hour a day. The factory manager is
considering two mechanics for repairing the machines. The first mechanic A takes about five min.,
on average, to repair a machine and demands Rs.10 per hour. The second mechanic B takes about 4
min. for repairing a machine and demands Rs.15 per hour. Assuming that the machines breakdown in
Poisson pattern and the repair rate is exponential, decide which of the repair men should be
appointed?
25. Four counters are being run on the frontier of a country to check the passports of the tourists. The
tourists choose a counter at random. The arrival is Poisson at a rate  and service time is exponential
with parameter /2. What is the steady state average length of queue at each counter?
26. A super market has two girls attending to sales at the counters. If the service time for each
customer is exponential with mean 4 min. and if people arrive in Poisson fashion @ 10 per hour.
a) What is the probability that a customer has to wait for service?
b) What is the expected percentage of idle time for each girl?

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 17

c) With customer having to wait in the queue, what is the expected length of his waiting time?
27. Define Kendall’s notation. What are the assumptions are made for simplest queuing mode?

Dr. D. Saravanan, Professor of Mathematics 18