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Truss Problem: Q.1:A Four Bar Truss Element Is Shown in Figure. Determine The Following

The document describes analyzing a four-bar truss structure using analytical and finite element methods. Analytically, it calculates nodal displacements, element stresses, and support reactions. In ANSYS, it models the truss with link elements, applies loads and boundary conditions, then determines stresses, displacements, and reactions. Results from both methods are presented for comparison.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
202 views9 pages

Truss Problem: Q.1:A Four Bar Truss Element Is Shown in Figure. Determine The Following

The document describes analyzing a four-bar truss structure using analytical and finite element methods. Analytically, it calculates nodal displacements, element stresses, and support reactions. In ANSYS, it models the truss with link elements, applies loads and boundary conditions, then determines stresses, displacements, and reactions. Results from both methods are presented for comparison.

Uploaded by

AVINASH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering (PG)

TRUSS PROBLEM
Q.1:A four bar truss element is shown in figure. Determine the following;

a) Nodal displacements
b) Stress in each element
c) Reaction at supports

(Given: E = 29.5MPA, A = 1m2)

Solution:

Step 1: Nodal coordinate data

Node X Y
1 900 0
2 500 300
3 0 300

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Department of Mechanical Engineering (PG)

Step 2: Elemental nodal connectivity and calculation ofthe direction


cosines ‘l’&‘m’

Element Initial Final Ae Ee 5


le l m l2 m2 lm × 10
no. Node Node le

50
1 1 2 -0.8 0 0.64 0 0 0.8
0
50
2 2 3 -1 1 1 1 1 0.8
0

Calculation of l:

x final−¿x
l= initial
¿
le

Calculation of m:

y final−¿ y
m= initial
¿
le

Similarly, the values of ‘l’&‘m’ are calculated for all the other elements.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering (PG)

Step 3: Element stiffness matrix


The element stiffness matrix for a truss element is given by,

l2 lm −l 2 −lm
K=
A e E e lm

[ m2 −lm −m2
l e −l 2 −lm
−lm −m2
l 2 lm
lm m2
]
0.64 −0.48 −64 0 .48
K1= 0.8 × 105
−0
[
.48 0.36 0 .48 −0 .36
−0.64 0.48 0.64 −0 .48
0 .48 −0.36 −0 .48 0 .36
]
8 0 −8 0
K2 = 0.8× 105
0
−8
0
[ 0
0
0
0 0
8 0
0 0
]
Step 4: Global stiffness matrix and Governing equation

We have the global stiffness matrix K as,

[K] = [K1] + [K2]

5.12 -3.84 -5.12 3.84 0 0

-3.84 2.88 3.84 -2.88 0 0

-5.12 3.84 13.12 -3.84 -8 0


29.5× 106
K =
600 3.84 -2.88 -3.84 2.88 0 0

0 0 -8 0 8 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

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Department of Mechanical Engineering (PG)

F1 u1

{} {}
F2 v1
F3 u2
F4 v2
=10
F5 u3
F6 v3
F7 u4
F8 v4

By using elimination method for the equilibrium equation [K] {Q} = {F}, we get,

105[ 13.12−3.84 ]
−3.84 2.88 Q {Q
}
= { 0
−12000 }

Thus we get the nodal displacements as,

{QQ } = {−.683
−0.2
}
Step 5: Stresses and strains

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Department of Mechanical Engineering (PG)

u1 0
σ1 =
E1 A 1
l1
v1
2
v2
{}
[-l –m l m] u =
2× 10
500
5
[0.8 -0.6 -0.8 0.6]
0
−0.2
−0.683
{ }
= -99.992 Mpa

Similarly, the remaining stresses are calculated as,

σ 2 = -80 Mpa

Step 6: Reaction forces


R1 = -1598.72 N

R2 = -11990.40 N

R5= 16000 N

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Department of Mechanical Engineering (PG)

ANSYS ANALYSIS

Steps to solve in Ansys:

1. Ansys main menu  Preferences  Structural  OK.


2. Preprocessor  Element type  Add/Edit/Delete  Add  Select element
“link”  2D spar1  OK  Close.
3. Ansys main menu  Preprocessor  Real constants  Add/Edit/Delete  Add
 OK  Enter real constantset number as “1” and enter the cross-sectional area
as 1m2 OK.
4. Ansys main menu  Preprocessor  Material properties  Material models 
By sequence number  Structural  Linear  Elastic  Isotropic and enter “E
= 29.5e6”  OK  Close.
5. Ansys main menu  Preprocessor  Modeling  Create  Nodes  In active
CS  Enter the node number as “1” and its x,y,z coordinates as (0, 0, 0)  Apply
 Enter the node number as “2” and its x,y,z coordinates as (40, 0, 0) Apply
Enter the node number as “3” and its x,y,z coordinates as (40, 30, 0) Apply
 Enter the node number as “4” and its x,y,z coordinates as (0, 30, 0) OK.
6. Ansys main menu  Preprocessor  Modeling  Create  Elements Element
attributes  In element attribute window,set material no. as 1 and real constant set
no. 1 OK. Autonumbered  Through nodes  Select nodes 1 and 2  OK. In
element attribute window, set material no. as 1 and real constant set no. 2  OK
 Autonumbered  Through nodes  Select nodes 2 and 3  OK. In element
attribute window, set material no. as 1 and real constant set no. 3 OK.
Autonumbered  Through nodes Select nodes 3 and 1  OK In element
attribute window, set material no. as 1 and real constant set no. 4 OK.
Autonumbered  Through nodes  Select nodes 3 and 4  OK.
7. Ansys main menu  Solution Define load  Apply  Structural 
Displacement  On nodes  Select node no.1  Apply  All DOF. Select node
no. 4  Apply  All DOF Apply. Select node no.2  Apply  UY OK.
8. Ansys main menu  Solution Define load  Apply  Structural 
Force/Moment  On nodes  Select node no.2  OK  Select FX Enter the
value as 20,000  OK. Select node no.3  OK  Select FY Enter the value as
-25,000  OK.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering (PG)

9. Ansys main menu  Solution  Solve  Current LS  OK.


10. Ansys main menu  General postprocessor  Element table  Define table 
Add in the element table item  Select by sequence number  Select “LS,”
Enter the value “LS, 1” OK  Close.
11. Ansys main menu  General postprocessor  Plot results  Contour plot 
Line element res  Select “LS,1” for nodes i & j respectively  OK The line
stress diagram will be displayed.
12. Ansys main menu  General postprocessor  List results  Nodal solution 
DOF Solution  Displacement vector sum  OK.
13. Ansys main menu  General postprocessor  List results  Reaction solution
OK.

Stress distribution:

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Department of Mechanical Engineering (PG)

Reaction forces:

Nodal displacements:

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Department of Mechanical Engineering (PG)

RESULTS COMPARISON

Node no. 1 2 3 4
ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Stressesσin kPa σ1 = 20.001 σ2 = -21.88 σ3 = -5.209 σ4 = 4.17


Displacement u1= 0 u2 = 0.2712 u3= 0.0056498 u4 =0
ux
s
in m uy v1= 0 v2= 0 v3 = -0.02225 v4= 0

Reactions R1 =-15.83 R3 = 0 R5 = 0 R7 = -4.17


Rx
in kN Ry R2 = 3.1179 R4 = 22.02 R6 = 0 R8 = 0
Stressesσin kPa σ1 = 20.000 σ2 = -21.875 σ3 = -5.2083 σ4 = 4.1667
Displacement ux
u1 = 0 u2 = 0.27119E-4 u3= 0.56497E-05 u4 = 0
ANSYSRESULTS

s
in m uy v1 = 0 v2 = 0 v3 = 0.2246E-04 v4 = 0

R1 = -15833 R3 = 0 R5 = 0 R7 = -4166.7
Rx
Reactions
in kN
Ry R2 = 3125 R4 = 21875 R6 = 0 R8 = 0

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