Soilrev Mentoring 16 Copy Basahin

1.
Under upland condition this is the most preferred source of N because it leaves less
acidity.
a. Ammonium nitrate
b. Ammonium sulfate
c. Potassium nitrate
d. Urea.
2. A method of fertilizer application whereby the materials are dissolved in water and as
sprays to the foliage of the plant.
a. Foliar.
b. Topdressing
c. Seed pelleting
d. Trench/perforation
3. The mineral which is the only important natural source of phosphorus
a. Apatite.
b. Feldspar
c. Mica
4. Weathering that results in the a reduction of particle size and an increase in
surface area. a. chemical weathering b. physical weathering
5. Soil component with area extreme small size and large surface, capable of adsorbing
cations
and water
a. colloid c. feldspar
b. quarts d. carbonates
6. The El Nino phenomenon created a global problem on agriculture. This problem is
manifested by wide cracks in soils. The crack are due to the predominance of
a. kaolinite c. vermicullite
b. monmorillonite d. illite clays
7. The percent N, P2O5 and K2O in a fertilizer
a. Fertilizer ratio c. Fertilizer recommendation
b. Fertilizergrade d. Fertilizer brand
8. The available form of nitrogen
a. N2 c. NH4
b. N2O d. N0
9. Calcium in plants tends to be concentrated in
a. Cell sap c. Cell wall
b. Cell nucleus d. Mitochondria
10. When nutrients are immobile deficiency first shows up in
a. Youngest leaves c. Senescent leaves
b. Oldest leaves d. Stem
11. Deficiency of nitrogen first shows up as chlorosis of
a. Oldest leaves c. Middle leaves
b. Youngest leaves d. Stems
9. The suitable fertilizer for an alkaline N deficient soil
a. Anhydrous NH3 c. Calcium nitrate
b. Urea d. Ammonium sulfate
12. The most efficient organic matter decomposers under acidic soil conditions are the
a. Bacteriac. Fungi
b. Actinomycetes d. Protozoa
13. Decomposers which work both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
a. actinomycetes c. fungi
b. bacteria d. algae
14. The conversion of ammonium (NH4) into organic N.
a. immobilization c. mineralization
b. fixation d. nitrification
15. The enzyme responsible in nitrogen fixation
a. nitrate reductase c. Nitrogenase
b. catalase d. carboxylase
16. Non-symbiotic N2 fixing organisms in a lowland soil
a. actinomycetes c. blue green algae
b. bacteria d. fungi
a. nitrate reductase c. Nitrogenase
b. catalase d. caarboxylase
a. actinomycetes c. blue green algae
19. To be more effective, a liming material should be applied at the proper time. This is
usually done at
a. plowing c. 3-4 weeks before planting
b. planting d. harvesting
20. Which among these processes does not contribute to the development of soil acidity
a. leaching
a. nitrification
b. application of NH4+ carrying fertilizers
c. volatilization
21. The fertilizer recommended for irrigated lowland rice in Kiamba clay loam during dry
season is 90 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 30 kg K20 per ha. The amount of fertilizer needed to
satisfy the requirement is:
a. 4 bags urea (46-0-0) + 3 bags complete fertilizer (14-14-14)
b. 2.61 bags urea (46-0-0) + 4.28 bags complete fertilizer (14-14-14)
c. 4 bags urea (46-0-0) + 4 bags complete fertilizer (14-14-14)
d. 10 bags complete fertilizer (14-14-14) c. chicken manure
22. The advantage of organic fertilizer over inorganic fertilizer is
a. higher analysis c. more available
b. immediate effect d. long term effect
23. Farm manure with the highest fertilizer value
goat manure
carabao manure d. cow manure
24. One practical soil management practice to improve availability of Zn and S in
waterlogged
lowland rice soils is
a. Alternate wetting and drying c. Application of organic fertilizer
b. Continuous flooding d. Application of inorganic fertilizer
25. All these processes contribute in soil fertility, except this process
a. crop removal c. green manuring
b. soil erosion and run-off d. fixation
26. One of these processes does not result in the loss of nitrogen from the soil
a. mineralization c. denitrification
b. volatilization d. leaching
27. The most accurate method of assessing soil fertility
a. nutrient deficiency symptom c. plant analysis
b. field experiment d. soil analysis
28. Which does not belong to the group of words
a.ammonium sulfate c. ammonium chloride
b.urea d. ammonium nitrate
29. Nutrient deficiency symptoms is referred to as the language of the crop. What is the term
used to describe general yellowing of leaves as a result of deficiency of some nutrient
element?
a. Necrotic c. Plasmolysis
b. Chlorosis d. Defective
30. The deficiency symptoms of mobile elements in the plant like K are manifested at
the older leaves while the deficiency symptoms of immobile elements like
a. N c. Mg
b. Ca d. S are observed at the younger leaves
31. Nitrogen is the most limiting element in crop production, except for legumes. The
available form of nitrogen is
a. Organic matter c. Ammonium
b. Nitrate d. both b and c
32. This N transformation is an acidifying process
a. denitrification c. Nitrification
b. nitrogen fixation d. volatilization
33. Association between plant and fungi is known as

a. Lichen c. Competition
B. Symbiosis d. Mycorrhiza
34. This micronutrient is needed in nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants and is usually
deficient in acid upland soil.
a. Zinc c. Iron
b. Molybdenum d. Manganese
39. In a very extremely acidic soil (pH 4.5_ 5.)), these elements are toxic to plants except
a. Aluminum c. Iron
b. Calcium d. Manganese
40. Which of the following elements is not essential to plant growth?
a. Nitrogen c. Copper
b. Molybdenum d. Aluminum
41. This macronutrient is a component of amino acids such as methionine, cystein and is
usually deficient in waterlogged soils.
a. Sulfur c. Magnesium
b. Calcium d. Zinc
42. Weathering that results in the formation of secondary minerals. a. chemical weathering
b. physical weathering
43. This micronutrient is needed in chlorophyll synthesis and usually deficient in alkaline soil.
a. Iron c. Molybdenum
b. Zinc d. Boron
44. This micronutrient is needed in the synthesis of auxin and is usually deficient in
waterlogged soils.
a. Iron c. Molybdenum
b. Zinc d. Copper
45. This macronutrient is a part of the middle lamella, and is deficient in acid upland soil.
a. Nitrogen c. Calcium
b. Potassium d. Magnesium
46. This macronutrient is a metal component of chlorophyll and is deficient in acid upland soil.
a. Nitrogen c. Magnesium
b. Calcium d. Copper
47. The macroelement is a component of protein and chlorophyll and is the most limiting
element in crop production except for legumes
a. Nitrogen c. Potassium
b. Phosphorous d. Calcium
48. This macronutrient is involved in energy storage in the plant and is a constituent of
phospholipids, nucleoproteins, and phytins and is deficient in acid upland soil.
a. Nitrogen c. Potassium
b. Phosphorous d. Calcium
49. This macronutrient is not a component of any organic molecule in the plant, its function is
more catalytic in nature and usually deficient in coarse-textured soils.
a. Nitrogen c. Phosphorous
b. Potassium d. Calcium
50. The hardest mineral is
a. quartz c. talc
b. Diamond d. topaz
51. Which among these minerals does not contribute any soil nutrient?
a. Quartz c. apatite
b. talc - softest mineral d. calcite
52. Aside from carbon and hydrogen, the other macroelement constituent of organic compound
in the plant is
a. Oxygen c. Phosphorus
b. Nitrogen d. Potassium
53. This is used in determining soil color:
a. color wheel c. Munsell color chart
b. LCC - for leaves d. Moh’s scale
54. The form of nitrogen fertilizer that causes the greatest amount of soil
acidification
a. ammonium nitrate b. anhydrous ammonia c. urea d. ammonium sulfate
55. A submerged soil has
a. all pores filled with water c. macropores filled with air
b. macropores filled with water d. micropores filled with air
56. Under conditions of high rainfall and humidity the least leached cation is
a. Al c. Mg
b. Ca d. Na
57. At the same level of OM which will have the highest water holding capacity?
a. loamy sand c. Clay
b. clay loam d. sandy loam
58. In addition to hydrogen, the cation that normally tends to increase in exchangeable form
with increasing soil acidity is:
a. aluminum c. ammonium
b. calcium d. magnesium
59. The cation exchange capacity of a soil is a measure of
a. the force of bonding between the soil and exchangeable cations
b. the negative charge of the soil neutralized by easily replaceable cations
c. the speed with which ions added to the soil solution become adsorbed on soil
particle surfaces
d. acidity
60. Of the following, the material with the highest cation-exchange capacity is:
a. vermiculite c. organic matter
b. montmorillonite d. kaolinite
61. Which does not relate to CEC?
a. amount of clay c. kind of clay
b. amount of OM d. bulk density
62. One of the most variable soil components is:
a. mineral matter c. soil water
b. organic matter d. Sand
63. This is not a soil forming factor
a. climate c. soil color
b. organism d. time
64. The basic elements lost in weathering are
a. Fe, Al c. Zn, Mn
b. Ca, Mg d. C, H
65. The main objective of physical weathering is
a. increase total surface area for chemical weathering
b. weaken rock by removal of bases
c. produce clay
d. leach bases
66. The softest mineral is
a. diamond c. quartz
b. talc d. apatite
b. talc d. apatite
68. In liming, nitrogen containing fertilizer is usually applied later. This is to prevent the loss of
nitrogen through the process known as:
a. Nitrification b. Denitrification
c. Volatilization d. Immobilization
68. Phosphorus is “fixed” in acid soils due to precipitation as.
a. Iron or aluminum phosphates
b. calcium phosphates c. organic phosphates
70. For the phloem mobile elements like, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the symptoms of
nutrient deficiency occur on the
a. Lower leaves b. Upper leaves c. Middle leaves d. All leaves
71. Primary end product of organic matter decomposition/oxidation in anaerobic
soil condition (swamps).
a. C02 b. H2P04 c. H20 d. CH4
72. Which of the following macronutrients is subjected to luxury consumption
a. Fe b. N c. P d. K e. B
73. The best way to increase water-holding capacity and nutrient supplying capacity of coarse-
textured soils is to
a. apply large quantity of liming material
b. add and incorporate by deep plowing voluminous amount of clay
c. incorporate adequate amount of organic matter
d. apply the recommended rate of commercial fertilizer
74. Which of the following is suitable in promoting meaningful nutrient management process?
a. overgrazing b. kaingin system c. proper tillage d. deforestation
75. Which is not an effect of lime?
a. reduced soil acidity b. increasing soil pH c. increased Al solubility – is acid
d. decreased H+ concentration
76. Which of the following is both an organic and inorganic fertilizer?
a. sulfate of potash b. triple superphosphate c. urea d. ammonium sulfate
77. The ability of the fertilizer to take up and retain moisture is
a. hydrologic cycle b. hydration c. hygroscopicity d. hydrolysis
78. Which gas would most likely decline in quantity if all the green plants on earth suddenly
died? a .oxygen b. nitrogen c. argon d.carbon dioxide
79. A greenhouse gas that is produced by the decomposition of organic matter in drained soils.
a. carbon dioxide b. methane c. carbon monoxide d. hydrogen sulfide
81. Soil management which increases availability of adsorbed P in acid upland soils
a. fertilizer application b. liming c. organic matter application
d. prolonged anaerobic conditions
82. The process by which one plant infuses the soil with a chemical that affects the other plants.
a. allelopathy b. production of antibiotics c. production of hormones
83. An organic fertilizer material which had been enriched with microbial inoculants, hormones,
and /or chemical additives to increase its nutrient content..
a. activated organic fertilizer b. fortified organic fertilizer
c. impure organic fertilizer d. pure organic fertilizer
84.Organism that use organic materials as an energy source.
a. heterotrophic b. autotrophic c. Aerobic d. Anaerobic
85. Organisms that use sunlight or inorganic chemicals as an energy source..
a. heterotrophic b. autotrophic c. Aerobic d. Anaerobic
86. a) true or b) false. An element is essential if it increases the growth of a plant. –
walaykinalaman
87. The reduction of nitrate by soil organisms in poorly aerated soils.
a. mineralization b. nitrification c. denitrification d. immobilization
88.The process of decay and the associated release of inorganic nitrogen as ammonia
is known as. a. mineralizationb. nitrification c. denitrification d. immobilization
89.The uptake of(nitrogen= In Organic) by plants and microbes to produce organic forms of ---
nitrogen to organic = immobile
nitrogen is known as
a. mineralization b. nitrification c. denitrification d. immobilization
90.Which of the following is not an essential element for the growth of the plants?
a. molybdenum b. copper c. iodine d. boron
91. For a nutrient to be considered an essential nutrient, the nutrient must be
necessary for the plant to? a. increase growth b. complete its life cycle
92. Form of nitrogen most susceptible to leaching?
a. N03- b. NH4+ C. NH3
93.Which of the following refers to the percentage of various size separates in a
soil? a. structure b. percent pore space c. texture
94. Micronutrient that occurs as an anion and is found in salt-spray
a. copper b. zinc c. Chlorine d. iron
95. Iron deficiency is most common in these soils.
a. basic b. acid c. neutral
96. Photosynthetic organism found in the surface few centimeters of the soil.
a. algae b. bacteria c. fungi d. protozoa
97. The percentage of pore space that is a)micro pores b) macro pores decreases
with depth in the soil.
98. Which of the following increases with decreasing particle size?
a. surface area of an individual particle
b. surface area of a given weight of particles
99. Micronutrient that is required by people but not plants.
a. iodine b. Chlorine c. Iron
100. Altered by compaction (a. structure b. texture)
1. Individually which among the following soil organisms have theleast biomass
a. Actinomycetes
b. Fungi
c. Bacteria.
d. Protozoa
e. Earthworm
2. Which of the following soil organisms is acid-loving?
a. Fungi .
b. Protozoa
c. Bacteria
d. Actinomycetes
e. a and b
3. Ammonia volatilization from NH4+-bearing fertilizers is not favored by which of the
following?
a. High pH
b. High temperature
c. High CEC.
d. a and b above
e. b and c above
4. Soil microorganisms degrade organic residue primarily for
a. Phosphorus and ATP
b. Carbon and energy.
c. Nitrogen and energy
d. Phosphorus and energy
e. Nitrogen and phosphorus
5. The root-nodule bacteria belong to the genus
a. Clostridium
b. Azotobacter
c. Rhizobium.
d. Agrobacterium
e. None of the above
6. The anaerobic non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria belong to the genus
a. Derxia
b. Clostridium.
c. Azotobacter
d. Bradyrhizobium
e. Nitrobacter
7. Algae are considered as
a. Autotrophs
b. Photoautotrophs.
c. Chemoautotrophs
d. Both a and b above
8. The source of energy for blue green algae is
a. Sunlight.
b. Metabolism of glucose
c. Organic matter decomposition
d. Oxidation of inorganic compounds
9. The predominant available form of N under flooded soil condition is

a. NO3-N
b. Organic –N
c. NH4-N.
d. NO2-N
e. NH2-N
10. The available form of nitrogen which predominates under upland condition is
a. Ammonium
b. Nitrite
c. Nitrate.
d. Microbial biomass N
e. Fixed N
11. The conversion of NO3 to N2 is referred to as
a. Nitrogen fixation
b. Denitrification.
c. Immobilization
d. Volatilization
e. None of tthe above
12. The percentage of organic N in the soil is approximately
a. 88-98%.
b. 80-85%
c. 68-75%
d. 50-60%
e. 60-70%
13. Nitrogen is added to the soil system by which of the following processes?
a. Leaching
b. Nitrogen fixation.
c. Ammonia volatilization
d. a and b above
e. b and c above
14. The conversion of organic N to inorganic or mineral N is termed as
a. Immobilization
b. Nitrification
c. Mineralization.
d. Ammonification
15. The conversion of N2 to NH4is referred to as
a. Denitrification
b. Nitrate reduction
c. Nitrogen fixation.
d. Volatilization
16. Microorganisms which do not require oxygen are called
a. Aerobes
b. Anaerobes.
c. Obligate aerobes
d. Microaerophillic
17. The fixation and the regeneration of CO2 in the biosphere is referred to as
a. Carbon cycle.
b. CO2 evolution
c. Respiration
d. Nutrient cycle
18. The optimum temperature requirement of thermopiles is
a. Greater than 45°C.
b. Less than 45°C
c. Greater than 30°C
d. Less than 30°C
e. 30-40°C
19. Microorganism which require organic compounds as sources of carbon and energy are
a. Autotrophs
b. Heterotrophs.
c. Chemoautotrophs
d. Photoautotrophs
20. It refers to the entrapment of (ammonium ions) in-between crystal lattices of clays thus
rendering them unavailable for plant use. This process is called
a. Nitrogen fixation
b. Microbial fixation
c. Nutrient fixation
d. Ammonium fixation.
21. Rhizobia are generally associated with nitrogen fixation in
a. Rice
b. Peanut.
c. Corn
d. Sorghum
e. Sugarcane
22. Bacteria belonging to this genus are non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers
a. Nitrobacter
b. Aerobacter
c. Azotobacter.
d. Arthrobacter
e. Nitrosomonas
23. The most abundant microorganisms found in the soil are generally
a. Fungi
b. Bacteria.
c. Actinomycetes
d. Algae
e. Protozoa
24. The incorporation of inorganic nitrogen into (Organic) microbial tissues is
a. Mineralization
b. Immobilization.
c. Nitrification
d. Denitrification
e. Ammonification
25. Which of the following microorganisms is very sensitive to potassium levels in the soil
therefore useful in diagnosing potassium deficiency?
a. Pseudomonas nitrificans
b. Aspergillus flavus
c. Aspergillus niger.
d. Azotobacterchroococcum
e. Nitrobacteragilis
26. A deficiency of this element will not able a legume and its bacterial partner to
perform nitrogen fixation. This element is
a. Boron
b. Phosphorus
c. Molybdenum.
d. Zinc
e. Magnesium
27. The group of soil microorganisms which is responsible for decomposing organic matter
is the
a. Heterotrophs. – organic matter
b. Autotrophs – in organic matter used sunlight
c. Phototrophs
d. Chemoautotrophs
28. Organic materials with wide C/N ratios are not ready sources of available nitrogen
because the nitrogen that they contain is subject to
a. Nitrification
b. Volatilization
c. Immobilization.
d. Fixation
29. The soil microbial population is generally highest in the
a. A horizon.
b. B horizon
c. C horizon
d. B2 horizon
e. A2 horizon
30. Chemoautotrophs are those organisms which derive their energy from
a. Sunlight
b. Oxidation of inorganic materials
c. Fermentation
d. Oxidation of inorganic substances.
31. For soil bacteria, growth results in an increase in the
a. Size of individuals
b. Number of individuals.
c. Form of the individuals
d. Size and number of individuals
a. Bacteria
b. Actinomycetes
c. Fungi .
d. Protozoa
e. Algae
33. Pesticides will be retained much longer in soils with
a. Low organic matter
b. High moisture content
c. 2:1 dominant clay type.
d. Low pH
e. 1:1 dominant clay type
34. The initial substrate for nitrification is
a. Nitrite
b. Nitrate
c. Ammonium.
d. Amine
35. The ultimate end-product of denitrification is
a. N2.
b. NO
c. N2O
d. NH3
40. A gas which can used as an indicator of the level of microbial activity in the soil is
a. Nitrogen
b. Oxygen
c. Hydrogen
d. Carbon dioxide.
e. Methane
41. Associative nitrogen fixation is undertaken by bacteria in association
a. Rice
b. Corn
c. Sugarcane
d. Pasture grasses
e. All of the above.
42. Frankia spp. are soil microorganisms which are responsible for the nodulation in
a. Casuarina
b. Alnus
c. Elea gnus
d. Coriaria
43. The number of activity of bacteria in the soil are affected by
a. pH
b. moisture
c. oxygen supply
d. salinity
e. all of the above.
44. A type of microscope which provide a 3-dimensional view of the soil
microorganisms is called
a. Light microscope
b. Scanning electron microscope.
c. Transmission electron microscope
d. Immuno-flourescent microscope
45. A 1:1000 soil-water dilution means that one part of soil is suspended in
a. 9 parts of sterile H20
b. 99 parts of sterile H20
c. 999 parts of sterile H20.
d. 1000 parts of sterile H20
46. In a legume biological nitrogen fixing system, the microsymbiont is
a. Bacteria.
b. Actonomycete
c. Algae
d. Fungi
47. CO2 evolution in soil is a function of
a. Microbial population
b. Aeration
c. pH
d. temperature
e. all of the above.
48. The amount of molecular nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is about
a. 88%
b. 78%.
c. 68%
d. 58%
e. 48%
49. Which of the following bacterial genera had been known to be capable of denitrification?
a. Agrobacterium
b. Azospirilum
c. Pseudomonas
d. Thiobacillus
Section 2. Soil Physics
1. A soil consist of the three components; namely: solid, liquid and gas
a. The solid is composed of inorganic matter and organic matter
b. The liquid is a solution with dissolved ions in it
c. The gas component is about 80% nitrogen gas (N2)
d. All the above.
2. A soil consist of three components; namely: solid, liquid and gas
a. The solid is composed of inorganic matter
b. The liquid is a solution with dissolved ions in it.
c. The gas is 60% oxygen gas
d. None of the above
e. All the above
3. Under its natural occurence a soil is aggregated and porous
a. An aggregate is composed of millions of individual particles
b. Water and air occupy the soils
c. The pores are interconnected channels to other pores
e. All the above.
4. The solid particles of a soil vary in composition, size and shape
a. The solid is composed of inorganic and organic matter
b. The solid is composed of soil separates called sand, silt and clay
c. The solid stick or cluster together to form soil aggregate
e. All the above.
5. The inorganic solid particles vary in size which are classified as soil separates.
a. The size range of soil particle is equal to or less than 5mm
b. Sand is medium size soil separate
c. Clay is the smallest or the finest soil separate.
e. All the above
6. The relative distribution of soil separates in a soil mass is called soil texture.
a. Sand, silt and clay are soil separates.
b. Soil texture changes easily with poor methods of cultivation
c. Soil texture is improved by adding organic fertilizer
e. All the above
7. Soil texture refer to the coarseness or fineness of a soil.
a. Sand is gritty.
b. Silt is sticky and plastic
c. Clay is smooth
e. All of the above
8. Soil texture refer to the coarseness or fineness of a soil.
a. Sand is coarse and gritty
b. Silt is powdery and smooth
c. Clay is sticky and plastic
9. Many soil properties and characteristics are affected by soil texture.
a. Sandy soil is more porous than clay soil
b. Loamy soil is rich in silt
c. Clay soil is chemically more reactive than sandy soil.
e. All of the above
10. In relation to crop production sandy soils are known to be:
a. Droughty
b. Easy to be cultivated
c. Easy to drain
11. In relation to crop production clayey soils are known to be:
a. Sticky to cultivate
b. Fertile than sand
c. High water holding capacity than sand
12. Many soil properties and characteristics are affected by soil texture.
a. Clayey soils are more porous than sandy soil
b. Silt is associated to poor good physical properties
c. Sandy soil is chemically more reactive than clay soil
d. None of the above.
e. All of the above
13. Soil texture could be determined by :

a. ‘feel’ method
b. Pipette method
c. Hydrometer method
14. Soil texture could be determined in the laboratory by:
a. Ammonium acetate method
b. Bouyancy method
c. Hydrometer method.
e. All of the above
15. Soil textural class wherein the coarseness of sand, the smoothness feel of silt and the
stickiness of clay are manifested in almost equal proportion in a soil mass.
a. Sand
b. Silt
c. Clay
d. Loam.
16. Soil texture that would be best for growing lowland rice.
a. Sandy loam
b. Silty loam
c. Clay loam.
d. All of the above
17. Characteristics feel of sand separates when rubbed in between the finger is:
a. Coarse.
b. Smooth
c. Sticky when moist
d. All of the above
18. Charteristicsfeel of clay separates when rubbed in between the finger is:
a. Coarse
b. Smooth
c. Sticky when moist.
d. All of the above
19. Characteristics feel of silt separates when rubbed in between the finger is:
a. Coarse
b. Smooth.
c. Sticky when moist
d. All of the above
20. Many soil properties and characteristics are affected by soil structure.
a. Loam is the soil structure that most crops prefer
b. Dispersed clay soil possesses good soil structure
c. Compacted soil structure allows fast movement of air in the soil
e. All of the above
21. Many soil properties and characteristics are affected by soil structure.
a. Crumb is the best structure that most crops prefer
b. Dispersed clay soil possesses poor soil structure
c. Poor water movement in platy soil structure
22. Which among of the following is not a soil stucture?
a. Loam.
b. Crumb
c. Platy
d. Sub-angular blocky
e. Prismatic
23. Soil densities and porositiesare affected by soil texture and soil structure.
a. Porosity increases with increasing bulk density
b. Soil compaction increases bulk density.
c. Soil aggregation increases bulk density
e. All of the above
24. Soil densities and porosities are affected by soil texture and soil structure.
a. Porosity increases with decreasing bulk density
b. Soil compaction decreases bulk density
c. Soil aggregation improves porosity.
e. All of the above
25. Pore size distribution affects movement and retention of water and air in the soil.
a. Macro-pores retains water
b. Micro-pores are important in root respiration
c. Micro-pores are more important than macro pores
e. All of the above
26. Pore-size distribution affects movement and retention of water and air in the soil.
a. Micro-pores retains water.
b. Macro-pores are important in drainage and root respiration
c. Micro-pores and macro-pores are equally important to root growth
27. Bulk density is a good indicator of soil degradation.
a. Bulk density does not change with poor soil cultivation practices
b. Increasing bulk density indicates deteriorating soil physical condition.
c. Decreasing bulk density indicates deteriorating soil physical condition
e. All of the above
28. Particle density is a stable soil property. Most agricultural soils would have particle
densities close to this value
a. 1.65 g/cm3
b. .2.65 g/cm3.
c. 3.65 g/cm3
d. 4.65 g/cm3
29. Type of soil that is best for growing upland crops.
a. Massive
b. Platy
c. Crumb.
d. Loam
e. Single-grain
30. The soil structure of a compacted plow soil is:
a. Massive.
b. Platy
c. Crumb
d. Loam
e. Single-grain
31. The color of the soil indicates some chemical conditions

a. Dark or black color indicates high organic matter
b. Reddish color indicates that the soil is high in oxides of iron
c. Yellowish color indicates that the portion of lowland soil is at oxidized state
32. The color of soil indicates some chemical conditions
a. Dark or black color indicates high organic matter.
b. Dark or black color indicates that the soil is high in oxides of iron
c. Dark or black color indicates that the soil is at oxidized state
e. All of the above
33. The color of the soil indicates some chemical conditions
a. Reddish color indicates high organic matter
b. Reddish color indicates that the soil is high in oxides of iron.
c. Reddish color indicates that the soil is young
e. All of the above
34. The moisture content of an air dry soil is known as
a. Saturation
b. Field capacity
c. Permanent wilting point
d. Hygroscopic coefficient.
e. Zero point
35. Movement of water in the soil is always from:
a. Higher to lower soil moisture content
b. Higher to lower total potential energy.
c. Higher to lower soil moisture tension
e. All of the above
36. If soil moisture content is 35%, field capacity is 40% and permanent wilting point is 20%,
the amount of available water in the soil is:
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%.
e. All of the above
37. Soil grown to corn is best cultivated when the soil consistency is:
a. Hard
b. Friable.
c. Plastic
d. Viscous
38. Lowland rice land is prepared to have a soil consistency that is:
a. Hard b. Friable c. Plastic d. Viscous.
PRACTICE TEST IN SOIL SCIENCE (CLSU)
DIRECTION: Encircle the letter of the best answer from the choices given.
1. The original source of most organic matter in soil is
a. plant residues.
b. bodies of dead animals and insects
c. soil inhabiting microorganisms
d. rocks
2. The most abundant gas in the soil atmosphere is:
a. CO2c. N2 .
b. O2d. A
3. A soil horizon is defined as:
a. the depth of finely divided soil mineral matter over bed rock
b. a soil layer that differs in recognizable properties from other layers immediately above
or below.
c. the slopeof the soil surface relative to the horizontal
d. any of the above
4. An example of physical weathering process is
a. exfoliation. c. hydration
b. solution d. oxidation
5. A civil engineer is a:
a. edaphologist c. petrologist
b. pedologist. d. anthropologist
6. The study of rock is:
a. minerology c. Petrology.
b. rockology d. Hydrology
7. The molten mass from where igneous rocks solidify from is:
a. core c. mantle
b. magma. d. soil
8. Metamorphism is caused by:
a. high pressure and temperature. c. erosion
b. floods d. earthquakes
9. The parent material corresponds to horizon:

a. ABc. D.
b. C d. ABCD
10. The true soil corresponds to horizon:
a. Cc. ABC
b. AB.d. ABCD
11. A lowland paddy soil possesses
a. ABC horizons c. AB horizons
b. oxidized and reduced layers.d. OABC
12. An organic soil is most likely having % OM of
a. 1c. 25.
b. 5 d. 0
13. The mineral supplying P is:
a. feldspar c. talc
b. apatite . d. pyrite
14. Tourmaline supplies the element
a. Mn c. Ca
b. B. d. N
15. Resistance of a mineral to abrasion is
a. luster c. Hardness.
b. specific gravity d. cleavage
16. The softest mineral is
b. talc.d. apatite
a. diamond. c. quartz
b. talc d. apatite
18. The mineral is hardly soluble in water
a. talc c. gypsum
b. quartz.d. fluorite
19. This is not an element of climate
a. relief.c. temperature
b. precipitation d. sunshine
20. Parent materials deposited in lakes is
a. alluvium c. marine
b. lacustrine. d. tuff
21. The soil profile is found in the
a. corec. Crust.
b. mantle d. Moho layer
22. Themost abundant elements in the earth’s crust are
a. Fe, Al, Mn, N, P c. N, P, K, Ca, Mg
b. O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca.d. C, H, O, N, P
23. Secondary mineral include
a. montmorillonite. c. feldspar
b. quartz d. Diamond
24. This is not a soil forming factor
a. climatec. soil color.
b. organism d. time
25. The basic elements lost in weathering are
a. Fe, Al c. Zn, Mn
b. Ca, Mg. d. C, H
26. The main objective of physical weathering is
a. increase total surface area for chemical weathering.

b. weaken rock by removal of bases
c. produce clay
d. leach bases
27. The two soil forming factors that normally show the greatest variation from one
geographic regionto another are:
a. topography and parent material c. climate and vegetation.

b. topography d. time and relief
28. Parent material that has formed by weathering of bedrock in place is:
a. transported c. colluvial
b. residual. d. alluvial
29. One of the most variable soil components is:
c. mineral matter c. soil water.

d. organic matter d. Sand
30. Of the following minerals, the one that expands on wetting is:
a. muscovitec. Montmorillonite.
b. illite d. kaolinite
31. Feldspar minerals that are most easily weathered by chemical means tend to be high
in the element:
a. K c. Ca.
b. Na d. P
32. Basalt weathers more easily than granite, this difference being explained most readily by
difference in:
a. mineralogy c. both a and b.

b. texture d. color
33. The dark color of igneous rock is usually caused by:
a. quartz c. calcite
b. feldspard. ferromagnesian minerals.
34. The chemical element in dolomite that is not an important constituent of calcite is:
a. Mg.c. C
b. Ca d. O
35. The primary mineral most likely to accumulate at the site of chemical weathering of granite
is:
a. mica c. Quartz.
b. muscovite d. clay
36. Soil textural classes are defined in terms of ranges in variation in:
a. structurec. Texture.
b. weathering d. drainage
37. The physical state of the soil as relates to plant growth is known as soil.
a. texturec. Tilth.
b. consistency d. structure
38. The sedimentary rock that contains clay minerals as one of its more important
constituents is:
a. shale. c. sandstone
b. limestone d. slate
39. The percent moisture of a moist soil sample that weighs 12.5 g originally and 10 g after
oven drying is:
a. 12.5 c. 25.
b. 10 d. 22.5
40. The force that determines the height to which water will rise in a vertical capillary tube:
a. surface tension. c. infiltration

b. capillarity d. capillary fringe
41. The entry of surface applied water into soil is known as:
a. infiltration. c. seepage
b. percolation d. erosion
42. The zone of saturated soil where water is held under suction immediately above
water table is known as:
a. water table c. capillary fringe.

b. spring d. capillarity
43. The acidity of rain water is largely due to the gas:
a. CO2. c. SO3
b. NO3 d. H
44. Which does not relate to CEC?
c. amount of clay c. kind of clay

d. amount of OM d. bulk density.
45. This ion is adsorbed with the least force to soil particles:
a. Na. c. H
b. Ca d. Al
46. The soil depth from which plants obtain the major part of the water absorbed is termed:
a. effective-rooting depth of plant. c. profile

b. solum d. rhizosphere
47. The consumptive use of water is defined as that quantity of water in the production of a
crop by the process of:
a. transpiration c. Evapotranspiration.
b. evaporation d. water use efficiency
48. Porosity, which is the total pore-space volume of soils:
a. is highest in fine-textured soils.

b. is highest in coarse-textured soils
c. varies little with differences in texture
d. is same for all the soil
49. The hydraulic pressure of water held in the soil by capillary forces of attraction is:
a. zeroc. Negative.
b. positive d. 10, 000
50. Soil suction in a saturated zone beneath a water table is:
a. greater than zero c. less than zero

b. zero. d. 10, 000
51. In magnitude and algebraic sign, the matric potential of soil water is equal to:
a. negative hydraulic pressure. c. soil water tension

b. soil suction d. positive hydraulic pressure
52. Plant wilting commences when:
a. water flow into root stops

b. water flow into root drops below transpirational loss.
c. water starts flowing from roots back into the soil
d. soil is at field capacity
53. Where a complete cloud cover is present, the component of solar radiation that is of
maximum intensity at ground level is:
a. light. c. ultraviolet
b. infrared d. far red
54. The exchange of energy in radiant form between the soil and the athmospheregoes
on:
a. only during daylight hours c. Continously.

b. only during night d. only during cloudy day
55. Maximum daily variation in temperature at the surface of the ground normally occurs
where:
a. both the air and soil above are dry.

b. both the soil and air above are moist
c. the soil is dry but the air above is moist
d. soil is wet
56. In addition to hydrogen, the cation that normally tends to increase in exchangeable form
with increasing soil acidity is:
a. aluminum. c. ammonium
b. calcium d. magnesium
57. The cation exchange capacity of a soil is a measure of
e. the force of bonding between the soil and exchangeable cations

f. the negative charge of the soil neutralized by easily replaceable cations.
g. the speed with which ions added to the soil solution become adsorbed on soil
particle surfaces
h. acidity
58. Of the following, the material with the highest cation exchange capacity is:
c. vermiculite c. organic matter.

d. montmorillonite d. kaolinite
59. A soil has a cation exchange capacity of 10 me per 100g , and the following compliment of
exchangeable cations, the amounts being expressed in millequivalents per 100g of soil: H
3.0,Ca 2.0,Al 3.0,Mg 1.0, Na 0.25 and K 0.75. The percent base saturation of this soil is:
a. 10 c. 70
b. 40.d. 50
60. In slighly acid soils, such as in those with pH between 6.0 and 7.0 the two most abundant
cations will probably be:
a. calcium and magnesium. c. potassium and sodium

b. hydrogen and aluminum d. iron and manganese
61. An illuvial horizon in a soil is designated by the symbol:
a. A1 .c. B2.
b. A2 d. O2
62. A parent material that often has the same origin as loess but is separated from the
loess by the action of wind is;
a. colluvium c. dune sand.

b. volcanic ash d. lahar
63. The removal of excess water from a waterlogged soil depends on

a. a difference in soil suction c. athmospheric pressure
b. the force of gravity. d. temperature
64. CEC is 20 m.e./100g. If it has 10 m.e. H and the remaining cations are bases, what is the %
BS?
a. 80 c. 60
b. 40 d. 50.
65. During the dry season plant roots are naturally supplied with water through
a. infiltration c. percolation
b. capillarity. d. leaching
66. Which soil property is not influenced by OM?
a. bulk density c. structure

b. texture. d. color
67. Which is the seat of chemical activities in the soil?
a. sandc. Colloid.
b. silt d. clay
68. Which has the highest pH dependent negative charges?
a. OM. c. monmorillonite
b. illite d. kaolinite
69. Ten m.e. of Ca (40) can replace how many m.e. of H in the exchange complex?
a. 0.2 c. 20
b. 1 d. 10.
70. The soil contatins 10 m.e. Ca/100g. This is equivalent to how many tons Ca per HFS?
a. 4. c. 10
b. 40 d. 200
71. One m.e. Ca/100g soil is equivalent to how many ppm Ca? At. Wt. Ca= 40
a. 400 c. 200.
b. 40 d. 80
72. The dominant basic cation in agricultural soil is
a. Na c. Mg
b. K d. Ca.
73. A loam soil has
a. macropores>micopores c. micropores=macropores.
b. macropores<micropores d. zero pore spaces
74. A submerged soil has
c. all pores filled with water. c. macropores filled with air

d. macropores filled with water d. micropores filled with air
75. Under conditions of high rainfall and humidity the least leached cation is
c. Al. c. Mg
d. Ca d. Na
76. At the same level of OM which will have the highest water holding capacity?
c. loamy sand c. Clay

d. clay loam. d. sandy loam
77. The capability of the soil being molded by hands is
a. stickiness c. tilth
b. plasticity. d. cracking
78. If a ring without crack is formed in the roll method of determining texture, the texture
is most likely:
a. loamy sand c. Clay.

b. clay loam d. sandy loam
79. The hydrometer and pipette method of mechanical analysis obey the:
a. Dick’s Law c. Ohm’s Law

b. Freundlick’s Law d. Stokes Law.
80. This is used in determining soil color:
c. color wheel c. Munsell color chart.

d. LCC d. Moh’s scale
c. quartz c. talc
d. Diamond. d. topaz
82. Which among these minerals does not contribute any soil nutrient?
c. Quartz. c. apatite
d. talc d. calcite
83. Aside from carbon and hydrogen, the other macroelement constituent of organic compound
in the plant is
c. Oxygen. c. Phosphorus
d. Nitrogen d. Potassium
84. Themacroelement is a component of protein and chlorophyll and is the most limiting
element in crop production except for legumes
c. Nitrogen. c. Potassium
d. Phosphorous d. Calcium
85. This macronutrient is involved in energy storage in the plant and is a constituent of
phospholipids, nucleoproteins, and phytins and is deficient in acid upland soil.
c. Nitrogen c. Potassium
d. Phosphorous. d. Calcium
86. This macronutrient is not a component of any organic molecule in the plant, its
function is more catalytic in nature and usually deficient in coarse-textured soils.
c. Nitrogen c. Phosphorous
d. Potassium. d. Calcium
87. This macronutrient is a part of the middle lamella, and is deficient in acid upland soil.
a. Nitrogen c. Calcium.
b. Potassium d. Magnesium
88. This macronutrient is a metal component of chlorophyll and is deficient in acid upland
soil.
c. Nitrogen c. Magnesium
d. Calcium d. Copper
89. This macronutrient is a component of amino acids such as methionine, cystein and is
usually deficient in waterlogged soils.
c. Sulfur. c. Magnesium
d. Calcium d. Zinc
90. This micronutrient is needed in chlorophyll synthesis and usually deficient in alkaline
soil.
c. Iron. c. Molybdenum
d. Zinc d. Boron
91. This micronutrient is needed in the synthesis of auxin and is usually deficient in
waterlogged soils.
c. Iron c. Molybdenum
d. Zinc. d. Copper
92. This micronutrient is needed in nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants and is usually
deficient in acid upland soil.
a. Zinc c. Iron
b. Molybdenum. d. Manganese
93. In a very extremely acidic soil (pH 4.5_ 5.)), these elements are toxic to plants except
c. Aluminum c. Iron
d. Calcium. d. Manganese
94. Which of the following elements is not essential to plant growth?
c. Nitrogen c. Copper
d. Molybdenum d. Aluminum.
95. This is a substance produced by one organism which inhibits growth of other
organisms.
a. pesticide c. antigen
b. antibiotic. d. antibody
96. Themost dominant soil microflora are
a. insects c. algae
b. bacteria. d. fungi
97. The root-nodulating rhizobium that is infective on tropical legume nodules is
a. Azorhizobium c. Rhizobium
b. Bradyrhizobium . d. Azospirillium
98. The iron-containing substance found in legume nodules is
a. carotenoid c. Leghemoglobin.
b. auxin d. xanthophylls
99. The seat of N2 fixation in symbiotic system is
a. nodule. c. root
b. leaves d. stem
100. The soil microflora with the highest biomass are
a. bacteria c. algae
b. actinomycetes d. Fungi.
101. The stable product of organic matter decompositions is
a. humus. c. cellulose
b. lignin d. hemicellulose
102. Indirect utilization of molecular nitrogen is
a. symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

b. non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation
c. Haber- Bosch process of immobilization
d. VAM
103. This is not a biological process
a. Volatilization. c. mineralization
b. nitrogen fixation d. nitrification
104. This N transformation is an acidifying process
a. denitrification c. Nitrification.
b. nitrogen fixation d. volatilization
105. Association between plant and fungiis known as
a. Lichen c. Competition
b. Symbiosis d. Mycorrhiza.
106. One organism inhibits or supresses growth of other organismis a kind of
a. Symbiosis c. Neutralism
b. Parasitism d. Predation.
107. Rhizobium-legume association is an example of
a. Mutualism c. Predation
b. Neutralism d. Symbiosis.
108. Microorganisms that are most active in the decay of organic substances in soils are
a. Autotrophs c. Anaerobes
b. Aerobes. d. Phototrophs
109. Once a soil has been placed under cultivation, its organic matter content usually
a. increases c. remains relatively unchanged

b. decreases. d. all of the above
110. Nitrogen is the most limiting element in crop production, except for legumes. The
available form of nitrogen is
a. Organic matter c. Ammonium

b. Nitrate d. both b and c.
111. The capacity of the soil to supply nutrient elements in right amount and correct
proportion
a. availability c. soil productivity
b. soil fertility. d. rate of reproduction
112. Nutrient deficiency symptoms is referred to as the language of the crop. What is the term
used to describe general yellowing of leaves as a result of deficiency of some nutrient element?
a. Necrotic c. Plasmolysis
b. Chlorosis. d. Defective
113. The deficiency symptoms of mobile elements in the plant like K are manifested at the
older leaves while the deficiency symptoms of immobile elements like
a. N c. Mg
b. Ca. d. S
are observed at the younger leaves
114. The Maligaya series which was developed from recent alluvium is generally adequate in
P and exchangeable bases such as Ca, Mg, K and Na but deficient in
a. Nitrogen. c. Boron
b. Zinc d. Copper
115. A well drained soil subject to excessive leaching of the basic cations are acidic and are
deficient with P, Ca, Mg and Mo while lowland rice soils that are poorly drained and
waterlogged are deficient with these elements.
a. N and K c. Zn and Ca
b. Zn and S. d. Ca and Mg
116. Deficiency indicates low level of nutrient elements while this term indicates excessive
level of nutrient elements in the plant or soil.
a. Sufficiency c. Hidden hunger

b. Toxicity. d. Poverty adjustment
117. A problem soil usually found in upland areas with high rainfall characterized by very low
pH values
a. Acid. c. Alkaline
b. Saline d. Peat
118. A problem soil usually found in coastal areas characterized by excesssive amount of salts
in the soil solution.
a. Acid c. Alkaline
b. Saline. d. Peat
119. Problem soil usually found in low-lying waterlogged areas characterized by the
accumulation of organic matter is
a. acid c. alkaline
b. salined. Peat.
120. A problem soil usually found in low-lying waterlogged areas characterized by the
accumulation of organic matter is
a. mine-tailing affected soil. c. saline

b. peat d. saline-solidic
121. There are sixteen (16) essential elements needed by plants for normal growth and
development. How many of these essential elements are derived from the soil .
a. 13. c. 14
b. 12 d. 10
122. Some nutrient elements are not essential but are beneficial. Identify the metallic
element to the rice plant.
a. Nitrogen c. Manganese
b. Silicon. d. Vanadium
123. The chlorophyll molecule is composed of four (4) essential elements. Identify the
metallic elements in the chlorophyll molecule.
a. Carbon c. Magnesium.
b. Hydrogen d. Nitrogen
124. The nutrient element in organic matter and minerals are considered unavailable. The most
available form of nutrient elements are in
a. soil solution. c. fixed

b. exchangeable d. occluded
125. The terms below are factors affecting nutrient availability except for one. Identify this term
a. capacity c. intensity
b. weathering . d. rate of replenishment
126. All these processes do not contribute in soil fertility, except this process
a. crop removal c. green manuring.
b. soil erosion and run-off d. fixation
127. One of these processes does not result in the loss of nitrogen from the soil
a. mineralization. c. denitrification
b. volatilization d. leaching
128. Themost accurate method of assessing soil fertility
a. nutrient deficiency symptom c. plant analysis

b. field experiment . d. soil analysis
a. ammonium sulfate c. ammonium chloride

b. urea. d. ammonium nitrate
a. guano c. Urea.
b. night soil d. chicken dung
131. Flooding acid soils improves the availability of P and decreases solubility of aluminum,
iron, and manganese. This phenomenon is referred to as “self-liming effect”. The increase in
the availabilty of the nutrient elements in acid soil by flooding is due to
a. increase in soil pH.c. increase microbial activities

b. decrease in soil pH d. increase rate of mineralization
132. Continuous flooding such as in waterlogged lowland rice soils causes reduciton of
soils which decrease the availabilityof these essential elements
a. N, P, K c. Ca,Mg and S
b. Zn, S and Cu. d. Mo, Mn and Cu
133. One practical soil management practice to improve availability of Zn and S

inwatelogged lowland rice soils is
a. Alternate wetting and drying . c. Application of organic fertilizer

b. Continuos flooding d. Application of inorganic fertilizer
134. Soil microorganisms are responsible for the decomposition of soil organic matter. The
process of conversion from organic form of nutrient elements to inorganic from termed
a. Mineralization. c. Vernalization
b. Immobilization d. Denitrification
135. The minimum guarantee of a fertilizer material in terms of percent nitrogen, phosphorous
and potassium is referred as
a. fertilizer rates c. fertilizer ratio

b. fertilizer grade. d. filler
136. The advantage of organic fertilizer over inorganic fertilizer is
a. higher analysis c. more available

b. immediate effect d. long term effect.
137. Farm manure with the highest fertilizer value
a. goat manure c. chicken manure.

b. carabao manure d. cow manure
138. The fertilizer recommended for irrigated lowland rice in a Maligaya clay loam during dry
season is 113 kg N, 21 kg P2O5 and 21 kg K2O per ha. The amount of fertilizer needed to satisfy
the requirement is:
a. 4 bags urea (46-0-0) + 3 bags complete fertilizer (14-14-14).

b. 5 bags urea (46-0-0) + 4 bags complete fertilizer (14-14-14)
c. 4 bags urea (46-0-0) + 4 bags complete fertilizer (14-14-14)
d. 10 bags complete fertilizer (14-14-14)
139. Soil pH is one of the most important single chemical property of the soil that indicate its
nutritional status. A soil with pH 5 has H+ ions in the soil. The hydrolysis of 1 mole Al+++
gives rise to
a. 5 x 10 -5 M c. 1 x 10-5 M.
b. 50 x 10-5 M d. 10 x 10-5 M
140. Soil acidity is due to the presence of both Al+++ gives rise to
a. 1 c. 5
b. 3.d. 7 moles
of H+ ions
141. The H+ ion concentration of a soil is 1 x 10-6 M. The pH of this soil is
a. 6. c. 7
b. 5 d. 6.1
142. Which among these processes does not contribute to the development of soil
acidity
a. leaching
b. nitrification
c. application of NH4+ carrying fertilizers
d. volatilization.
143. In the laboratory, the amount of lime to alleviate soil can be determined using the
a. Veitch method. c. Espino’s methods

b. Hoagland’s method d. De Amon method
144. Soil acidity is one of the most extensive soil problems in crop production. To
alleviate soil acidity, which among these soil amendments is applied?
a. sulfur c. organic fertilizer

b. lime. d. urea
145. The most common form of agricultural lime available in the market.
a. CaMg (CO3)2 c. CaO

b. .CaCO3.d. MgO
146. Dolomite is extensively used as liming material in acid soil grown to sugarcane.
What is the chemical formula of dolomite?
a. CaCO3 c. CaO
b. .CaMg (CO3)2 d. MgCO3
147. To be more effective, a liming material should be applied at the proper time. This
is usually done at
a. plowing c. 3-4 weeks before planting.

b. planting d. harvesting
a. nitrate reductase c. Nitrogenase.

b. catalase d. carboxylase
a. actinomycetes c. blue green algae.

150. Organisms capable of nitrogen fixation are called
a. organotrophs c. chemotrophs
b. diazotrophs. d. autotrophs
151. Decomposers which work both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
a. actinomycetes c. fungi
b. bacteria. d. algae
152. The conversion of ammonium (NH4) into organic N.
a. immobilization. c. mineralization
b. fixation d. nitrification
153. The element that most often limits the rate of plant residue decay soils.
a. Oxygen .c. Nitrogen

b. Carbon d. Phosphorous
154. On the average, the tissue of legume plants decomposes more rapidly than the straw from
mature grass because the legume is
a. Higher in readily decomposable carbohydrates and protein

b. Higher in protein
c. Higher in both readily decomposable carbohydrates and protein.
d. Higher in lignin
155. Microorganisms that aremost active in the decay of organic substance in soils
a. Autotrophs c. Anaerobes
b. Aerobes.d. Phototrophs
156. Of the following, the one that is not carbohydrate is
a. Lignin. c. Cellulose
b. Starch d. Hemicellulose
157. Product of nitrification is
a. N2 c. NH4
b. NO3, d. N2O
158. Product of denitrification
a. N2 c. NH4
b. NO3 d. N2O
159. The anaerobic non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria belong to the genus
a. Dextria c. Azobacter
b. .Clostridium d. Bradyrhizobium
160. The percentage of organic N in the soil is approximately.
a. 96-98% c. 65-75%
b. 78-80%. d. 50-60%
161. Bacteria belonging to this genus are non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers
a. Nitrobacter c. Azotobacter.
b. Aerobacter d. Athrobacter
162. If a crop residue contains 60% organic carbon and 5% total nitrogen, its C/N ratio is
a. 10:1 c. 15:1
b. 12:1.d. 20:1
163. Which of the following microorganisms is very sensitive to potassium levels in soil
and therefore useful in diagnosing potassium deficiency?
a. Pseudomasdenitrificans c. Azobacterchroococcum
b. Aspergillusniger . d. Nitrobacteragilis
a. Bacteriac. Fungi.
b. Actinomycetes d. Protozoa
165. A soil with bulk density of 1.3 g/cm3 and particle density of 2.60g/cm3 will have a porosity
of:
a. 5% c. 50%.
b. 25% d. 75%
166. Type of soil structure best suited for growing upland crops
a. Massive c. Crumb.
b. Platy d. Single-grain
167. Bacteria belong to this factor of soil formation
a. Relief c. Climate
b. Living organism. d. Parent material
168. Blocks of soil from each horizon posted on hard board
a. Regolith c. Litolith
b. Monolith.d. Pedon
169. Basis for mapping of Philippine soils
a. Soil series/type.c. Soil Family

b. Soil order d. Great Group

b. Fertilizer grade. d. Fertilizer brand
171. In highly weathered and leached tropical soils most of the phosphorous is stored in
a. soil solution c. organic matter

b. secondary minerals d. clay fraction.
172. When nutrients are immobile deficiency first shows up in
a. Youngest leaves. c. Senescent leaves

b. Oldest leaves d. Stems
173. Deficiency of nitrogen first shows up as chlorosis of
a. Oldest leaves. c. Middle leaves

b. Youngest leaves d. Stems
174. The suitable fertilizer for an alkaline N deficient soil
a. Anhydrous NH3 c. Calcium nitrate

b. Uread. Ammonium sulfate.
175. At maturity, the nitrogen content of a grain crop will be highest in
a. Stem c. Roots
b. Leafd. Grain.
176. Soil application of fertilizer after plant emergence
a. Basal c. Foliar
b. Topdressing.d. Deep placement
177. The first stage in soil erosion
a. Soil particle detachment.c. Deposition

b. Entrapment d. Water infiltration
178. Basic properties described in a soil profile
a. Texture, bulk density, consistency

b. CEC, OM(%) content, BS, BD
c. Color, texture, stoniness, structure.
d. Plasticity, structure
179. Describes the darkness or lightness color
a. Value. c. Ultra
b. Hue d. Spectra
180. Soil texture can be described effectively in the field
a. Touch method c. Hydrometer

b. Pinch method d. Feel and roll method.
181. The cracking clay soils fall under this order

a. Vertisols. c. Molllisols
b. Oxisols d. Alfisols
182. It is the most extensively weathered of all the soil orders
a. Vertisols c. Ultisols
b. Oxisols d. Alfisols.
183. The most detailed category of soil taxonomy
a. Soil family. c. Great group

b. Soil series d. Suborder

b. Fertilizer grade. d. Fertilizer brand
185. The available form of nitrogen
a. N2 c. .NH4:
b. N2O d. NH3
186. Calcium in plants tends to be concentrated in
a. Cell sap c. Cell wall.

b. Cell nucleus d. Mitochondria
187. If neutral salts were leached from a sodic soil, its pH would probably
a. increase. c. remain the same

b. decrease d. zero
188. A soil condition usually associated with a salinity problem is
a. fine texture c. poor internal drainage.

b. level topography d. soil acidity
189. Of the following calcium compounds, the one that has the highest neutralizing power when
in pure form is
a. Calcium oxide. c. Calcium carbonate

b. Calcium hydroxide d. Dolomite
190. To conserve the nitrogen it contains, animal manure should be stored in
a. loose, moist condition c. compact, moist condition

b. compact, dry condition. d. loose, dry condition
191. The reason micronutrient cations such as copper, zinc, and iron are frequently supplied
plants in the form of sprays is because
a. these elements are readily fixed in unavailable forms in soils.

b. these elements are not efficiently taken up from the soil solution by roots
c. spraying gives better control over toxic effects from micronutrients
d. these elements are volatile
192. Soils in this category have the same color, texture, structure, consistency, thickness and
reaction (pH) and have the same number and arrangement of horizons and similar chemical
and mineralogical properties
a. soil series . c. great group

b. soil order d. family
193. A surface horizon that is too light in color, too low in organic matter or too thin
a. mollic epipedon c. histic epipedon

b. ochric epipedon. d. umbric epipedon
194. The total number of soil orders classified under the soil taxonomy
a. 15 c. 12.
b. 10 d. 11
195. Soil particles larger than 2mm in size
a. Sand c. Stones
b. Rockiness d. Gravelly.
196. The property of the soil that enables water, air or roots to move through it
a. Infiltration c. Permeability.
b. Density d. Percolation
197. A soil temperature regime wherein the mean annual temperature is 22degree C or higher
and the difference between mean summer and mean winter temperature is less than 5 degrees
C.
a. mesic c. hyperthermic
b. thermic d. Isohyperthermic.
198. Increased bulk density is not favorable in practical agriculture. Which of the following may
lead to reduced bulk density?
a. lessagregation and root penetration

b. compaction caused by the weight of the overlying layers
c. addition of organic matter in large amounts.
d. heavy foot traffic
199. Soil component with extreme small size and large surface area, capable of adsorbing
cations and water
a. colloid. c. feldspar
b. quarts d. carbonates
200. The El Nino phenomenon created a global problem on agriculture. This problem is
manifested by wide cracks in soils. The cracks are due to the predominance of
a. kaolinite c. vermicullite
b. montmorillionite. d. illite clays
REVIEW QUESTION FOR AGRICULTURIST BOARD EXAM

LEYTE STATE UNIVERSITY (LSU)
(SOIL SCIENCE)
35. Soil particles whose size is less than 1 micron
a. Soil colloids.
b. Sand
c. Silt
d. Organic matter
36. The non-crystalline organic colloidal fraction of the soil
a. Clay
b. Humus.
c. manure
d. Organic matter
37. The inorganic colloidal fraction of the soil
a. Clay .
b. humus
c. Organic matter
d. Silt
38. It is an amorphous or less crystalline clay developed from volcanic ash
a. Allophane.
b. Iron oxide
c. Kaolinite
d. Silicate
39. The orderly arrangement of atoms in the clay crystalline structure.
a. Lattice structure.
b. Layered structure
c. Octahedron
d. Tetrahedron
40. It belongs to the 1:1 non expanding type of silicate clay mineral.
a. Illite
b. Kaolinite.
c. Montmorillonite
d. Vermicullite
41. An example of 2:1 expanding type of silicate mineral
a. Haloysite
b. Illite
c. Kaolinite
d. Montmorillonite.
42. The process whereby ions absorbed on the surface of soil colloids are exchanged for
ions in soil solution
a. Anion exchange
b. Cation exchange
c. Ion exchange.
d. Isomorphous substitution
43. It refers to the amount of exchangeable cations per unit weight of dry soil
a. Anion exchange capacity
b. Base saturation
c. Cation exchange capacity.
d. Exchangeable acidity
44. The source of permanent negative charge of clays
a. Anion exchange
b. Cation exchange
c. Isomorphous substitution.
d. Protonation
45. A 25-gm soil saturated with 5 me Ca 2+ has a cation exchange capacity equals to
a. 5me/100 gm soil
b. 10me Ca/100gm soil
c. 20me Ca/100 gm soil.
d. 25me Ca/100 gm soil
46. Compute the base saturation of a soil with a CEC of 100 me/100gm and whose sites are
occupied by 20 me/100 gm of basic cation
a. 20%.
b. 25%
c. 60%
d. 80%
47. The chemical elements taken up by plants in large elements
a. Essential elements
b. Trace elements
c. Micronutrients
d. Macronutrients.
48. The general forms of nutrients taken up by plants
a. Compounds
b. Ions.
c. Molecules
d. Nutrients
49. The form of nitrogen taken by plants from the soil
a. .NH4+.
b. N2
c. NO2
d. NH3
50. The major form of nitrogen in soil
a. elemental
b. inorganic
c. organic.
d. available
51. The element which is an important component of plant cell wall
a. Calcium.
b. Magnesium
c. Nitrogen
d. Phosphorus
52. The conversion of ammonium form of nitrogen to nitrate
a. Ammonification
b. Denitrification
c. Nitrification.
d. Volatilization
53. The microorganism responsible for the conversion of ammonium to nitrite
a. Azotobacter
b. Mycorrhizae
c. Nitrobacter
d. Nitrosomonas.
54. The microoranism responsible for the conversionof nitrite to nitrate
a. Azotobacter
b. Mycorrhizae
c. Nitrobacter.
d. Nitromonas
55. The term given to the temporary unavailability of nitrogen in the soil because it is used
up by microorganisms to build their tissues
a. Aminization
b. Immobilization.
c. Mineralization
d. Nitrification
56. The conversion of organic to inorganic form of nitrogen
a. Immobilization
b. Mineralization .
c. Nitrification
d. Volatilization
57. They are proteins which are produced by living cells in the soil
a. Simple proteins
b. Amino acids
c. Soil enzymes.
d. Inhibitors
58. The loss of nitrogen into the atmosphere in the form of ammonia
a. Ammonification
b. Denitrification
c. Nitrification
d. Volatilization.
59. The elements which contributes to phosphorus fixation at high soil pH
a. Alluminum
b. Calcium.
c. Iron
d. Manganese
60. The elements which fixes phosphorus at low soil pH
a. Aluminum.
b. Calcium
c. Magnesium
d. Potasium
61. The measurable expression of soil reaction
a. Acid saturation
b. Base saturation
c. CEC
d. pH.
62. It is considered as one of the causes of soil acidity
a. crop rotation
b. Irrigation
c. Leaching of bases.
d. Liming
63. It is an acid- forming elements
a. Aluminum.
b. Calcium
c. Magnesium
d. Sodium
64. The pH of a soil containing calcium carbonate will not drop below
a. pH 6
b. pH 7.
c. pH 8
d. pH9
65. the ability of the soil to resist pH change
a. base saturation
b. buffering capacity.
c. CEC
d. Neutralization reaction
66. It is also known as white alkali soil
a. Alkaline soil
b. Saline.
c. Saline-sodic
d. Sodic
67. Due to extreme alkalinity , the surface of this soil is usually discolored by the dispersed
humus , hence , it is sometimes called the black alkali soil.
a. Alkaline
b. Saline
c. Saline-sodic
d. Sodic.
68. It is the material used to ameliorate acid soil.
a. Fertilizer
b. Gypsum
c. Lime .
d. Manure
69. It is also called as burned lime
a. CaCO3
b. CaO.
c. CaMg( CO2 )3
d. Ca ( OH2)
70. The lime produced by hydrating calcium oxide.
a. CaCO3
b. CaO
c. CaMg (CO3)2
d. Ca(OH2).
71. It is also called calcitic limestone.
a. CaCO3.
b. CaO
c. CaMg (CO3 )2
d. Ca(OH)2
72. It is defined as the capacity of a liming material to neutralize acids expressed as a
percentage of molecular weight of CaCO3.
a. Percentage base saturation
b. Percentage calcium carbonate
c. Neutralization reaction
d. Relative neutralizing power.
73. A lime recommendation calls for the application of 4 tons Ca (OH)2 [RPN =135 %} per
hectare due to its unavailability in the market , it will be substituted by CaCO3 with
RPN100%.how much CaCO3 is needed?
a. 5.4 tons/ha.
b. 5.8 tons/ha
c. 8.0 tons/ha
d. 8.78 tons/ha
74. The element in the soil that reacts with the liming material during the process of the
neutralization.
a. Hydrogen.
b. Magnesium
c. Potassium
d. Sodium
75. The following are beneficial effect of lime except :
a. It improves soil structure
b. It decreases hydrogen –ion concentration
c. It increases availability of micronutrients.
d. It stimulates microbial activities
76. Organisms which obtain energy from reactions involving organic substances in the soil
a. Algae
b. Autotroph
c. Bacteria
d. Heterotrophs.
77. Orghanism which obtain energy from the light or from inorganic oxidation reaction
a. Algae
b. Autotrophs.
c. Bacteria
d. Heterotrophs
78. The group of soil microorganism which have the ability to photosynthesize
a. Algae.
b. Fungi
c. Nematodes
d. Protozoa
79. The bacteia which live symbiotically with roots of legumes and are able to fix
atmospheric nitrogen
a. Aspergillus
b. Mycorrhizae
c. Penicillium
d. Rhizobia.
80. The most widespread association between microorganism and higher plants
a. Associative N fixation
b. Mycorrhizae.
c. Symbiotic N fixation
d. Rhizobium – legume fixation
81. A group of microorganism which can produce antibiotic compounds that kill other
microorganism
a. Actinomycetes.
b. Bacteria
c. Nematodes
d. Protozoa
82. These are produced by the soil organism which also allow them to use some toxins in
the soil as food
a. Antibiotics
b. Energy
c. Enzymes.
d. Humus
83. Identify which oneof the following is not a part of nitrogen cycle.
a. Disintegration of the minerals containing N.
b. Mineralization
c. Fixation by rhizobia and other organism
d. Plant uptake
84. It refers to the influence of one absorbed ions on the release of another from the surface
of colloids
a. Cation exchange
b. Complementary ion effect.
c. Fixation
d. Synergism
85. The organic fraction of the soil that includes plant and animal residues at various stages
of decomposition
a. Animal manure
b. Carbon
c. Humus
d. Soil organic matter.
86. The stable fraction of soil organic matter that remains after decomposition
a. Carbohydrates
b. Carbon
c. Humus.
d. Organic matter
87. The inherent capacity of the soil to provide nutrients to plants in the right amount and
proportion
a. Nutrient supplying capacity
b. Soil fertility.
c. Soil resilience
d. Soil productivity
88. The capacity of the soil to produce a plant or a sequence of plants under specified
system of management.
a. Nutrient supplying capacity
b. Soil fertility
c. Soil resillience
d. Soil productivity.
89. The mechanism of nutrient absorption whereby dissolved nutrients go with the
convective flow of water from the soil to the plant root.
a. Contact exchange
b. Diffusion
c. Mass flow.
d. Root interception
90. A method of soil fertility evaluation whereby nutrients are known before a crop is planted.
a. Biological test
b. Plant analysis
c. Soil test.
d. Nutrient deficiency symptoms
91. It is also called troubleshooting type of plant analysis
a. Diagnostic.
b. Monitoring
c. Predictive
d. Prognostic
92. The most common biological test to evaluate soil fertility
a. Field fertilizer experiment.
b. Use of deficiency symptoms
c. Plant analysis
d. Soil chemical analysis
93. Materials which are natural or synthetic in origin which when added to the soil supply
nutrients to the growing plants
a. Fertilizers.
b. Minerals
c. Humus
d. Organic manure
94. An incomplete fertilizer materials contain
a. N, P and K
b. N only
c. K only
d. N and P.
95. The oldest ammoniacal source of nitrogen fertilizer.
a. Ammonium nitrate
b. Ammonium phosphate
c. Ammonium sulfate.
d. Urea
96. An 18-46-0 fertilizer material contain:
a. 18% N and 46% P
b. 18% N and 46% K
c. 18% N and 46% K2O
d. 18% N and 46% P2O5.
97. The guaranteed minimum amount of nurtrients in a fertilizer material is referred to as
a. Fertilizer formula
b. Fertilizer grade.
c. Fertilizer mixture
d. Fertilizer recommendation
98. A fertilizer recommendation of 60-60-60 kg N-P2O5-K2O/hectare, can be satisfied
applying.
a. 300 kg 20-0-0/hectare
b. 400 kg 15-15-15/hectare.
c. 400 kg 14-14-14/hectare
d. 100 kg 0-0-60/hectare
99. The recommendation is to apply 90 kg N/hectare. This can be satisfied by applying
chicken dung (2.5 % N) at the rate of:
a. 360 kg/hectare
b. 2250 kg/hectare
c. 3000 kg/hectare
d. 3600 kg/hectare
100. A fertilizer recommendation of 90-60-60 can be satisfied by the application of:
a. 1 bag 45-0-0 and 8 bags 14-14-14/hectare
b. 5 bags of 20-0-0, 6 bags 0-20-0 and 2 bags 0-0-60/hectare
c. 3 bags 20-0-0 and 8 bags 15-15-15/hectare
d. 4 bags 45-0-0, 6 bags 0-18-0 and 2 bags 0-0-60/hectare
101. It is the most preferred form of nitrogen fertilizer since energycan be saved in
synthesis.
a. Ammonium nitrate
b. Ammonium sulfate.
c. Complete fertilizer
d. Urea
102. Complete fertilizers normally supply the following combination of nutrients.
a. All the 16 essential elements
b. NP only
c. NPK.
d. NPKS
103. It is considered as the “lime nutrient”
a. Calcium.
b. Carbonates
c. Potassium
d. Sulfur
104. It is one of the examples of carbonates of lime.
a. Calcite.
b. Calcium oxide
c. Gypsum
d. Magnesium hydroxide
105. A compound excreted by plant roots during the process of respiration which is
one of the causes of the soil acidity
a. Carbon dioxide.
b. Carbonic acid
c. Hydrogen
d. Oxygen
106. The localized fertilizer placement wherein fertilizers are applied along the furrows
prior to seeding or as strips on one or both sides of the row about 5 cm away and below
the seeds
a. Banding
b. Basal
c. Side dressing.
d. Top dressing
107. They are organic or inorganic materials which are added to the soil to meet the
nutrient requirements of crops
a. Fertilizers.
b. Humus
c. Minerals
d. Nutrients
108. It is an inorganic fertilizer material which is also a source of sulfur.
a. Ammonium phosphate
b. Gypsum.
c. Muriate of potash
d. Urea
109. A method of fertilizer application whereby fertilizers are applied uniformly on the
soil surface.
a. Banding
b. Broadcasting.
c. Foliar
d. Localized placement
110. It refers to the minimum amount of nutrients present in a fertilizer material.
a. Fertilizer fomula
b. Fertilizer grade.
c. Fertilizer ratio
d. Fertilizer recommendation
111. High-pH soil which has relatively low soluble salts but high in exchangeable
sodium.
a. Acidic
b. Saline
c. Saline-sodic
d. Sodic.
112. The most important step in soil chemical test.
a. Sample drying
b. Reagent preparation
c. Sleving
d. Soil sampling.
113. A method of fertilizer application mostly adapted for orchard and ornamental
trees.
a. Foliar
b. Mudball
c. Sped pelleting
d. Trench or perforation.
114. It refers to the conversion of organic to inorganic forms of nitrogen
a. Aminization
b. Immobilization
c. Mineralization.
d. Nitrification
115. One of these groups of organisms is not involved in the process of
ammonification
a. Actinomycetes
b. Algae
c. Bacteria.
d. Fungi
116. This is not one of the requirements for the process of nitrification.
a. Aerobic condition
b. Ammonium ions
c. Nitrate ions.
d. Organisms
117. This is not required for the process of denitrification to proceed.
a. Anaerobic condition
b. Nitrate ions
c. Oxygen.
d. Soil pH favorable fodenitrifiers
118. A method of broadcasting fertilizer materials over a standing crop.
a. Banding
b. Basal
c. Sidedressing
d. Topdressing.
119. The fixation of nitrogen by silicate clays.
a. N-fixation
b. N2-fixation
c. NH4+-fixation.
d. NO3-fixation
120. One of the following is an organic source of nitrogen
a. Ammonium nitrate
b. Ammonium phosphate
c. Ammonium sulfate
d. Azolla.
121. Under upland condition this is the most preferred source of N because it leaves
less acidity.
e. Ammonium nitrate
f. Ammonium sulfate
g. Potassium nitrate
h. Urea.
122. A method of fertilizer application whereby the materials are dissolved in water
and as sprays to the foliage of the plant.
e. Foliar.
f. Topdressing
g. Seed pelleting
h. Trench/perforation
123. The mineral which is the only important natural source of phosphorus
d. Apatite.
e. Guano
f. Feldspar
g. Mica
124. A method of broadcasting fertilizers whereby the materials are incorporated into
the before planting the crop.
a. Banding
b. Basal.
c. Sidedressing
d. Topdressing
125. This phosphate fertilizers is manufactured, by the reaction of apatite with sulfuric
and water.
a. Ammonium phosphate
b. Complete
c. Ordinary superphosphate.
d. Triple superphosphate
126. A phosphate fertilizer manufactured by reacting the superphosphate with
ammonia.
a. Ammonium phosphate.
b. Complete
c. Ordinary superphosphate
d. Triple superphosphate
127. The form of soil potassium fixed within clay minerals such as illite and
vermicullite.
a. Mineral K
b. Readily available
c. Relatively unavailable
d. Slowly available.
128. One of the materials below is not a source of calcium.
a. Calcite
b. Dolomite
c. Epsom salt.
d. Gypsum
129. A localized fertilizer placement whereby materials are placed along the side of
the growing crops row at the time most satisfactory to the crop.
a. Banding
b. Basal
c. Sidedressing.
d. Topdressing
130. This is one of the most common sources of magnesium.
a. Calcite
b. Epsom salt .
c. Gypsum
d. Pyrite
131. The form of potassium that is present in the soil solution.
a. Mineral K
b. Readily available.
c. Relatively unavailable
d. Slowly available
132. It refers to the percentage of total CEC occupied by such basic cations as
calcium and magnesium.
a. Acid saturation
b. Base saturation.
c. Cation exchange capacity
d. Soil reaction
133. The process of nutrient movement from the soil to roots which is largely
dependent on root growth.
a. Absorption
b. Diffusion
c. Mass flow
d. Root interception.
134. A phosphate fertilizer material produced by reacting apatite with phosphoric acid and
water.
a. Ammonium
b. Complete
c. Ordinary superphosphate
d. Triple superphosphate.
135. A method of soil fertility evaluation which is based on the premise that the level of a
give nutrients in the plant is an indication of its supply in the soil.
a. Field experiment
b. Plant analysis.
c. Soil sampling
d. Soil testing
136. The level of nutrients in the soil when plant experience luxury consumption.
a. Deficient
b. Excessive
c. Sufficient.
d. Toxic
137. It states that the yield of theplant is regulated by the nutrient present in the lowest
relative to its optimum requirements.
a. Mineral theory
b. Humus theory
c. Law of minimum.
d. Stokes law
138. The soil property which determines the soil’s relative acidity or alkalinity.
a. Soil chemistry
b. Soil minerals
c. Soil nutrients
d. Soil reaction.
139. The form of sulfur taken up by plants.
a. H2S
b. H2SO4
c. S2
d. SO4.
140. A soil chemical property which largely controls nutrient availability and microbial
activities
a. Buffering capacity
b. Cation exchange capacity
c. Soil pH.
d. Soil coductivity
141. The type of soil acidity which is the amount of acidity that must bu neutralized to
bring acid soil to neutrality or to some predetermined higher pH values
a. Active acidity
b. Exchange acidity.
c. High acidity
d. Relative acidity
142. Th pH of the soil at which the soil colloids possess no net charge
a. Neutrality
b. Alkaline
c. Acidic
d. Zero point of charge.
143. Alkali soils with pH of less than 8.5 and an electrical conductivity equal to or greater
than mmhos/cm.
a. Alkaline
b. Saline.
c. Saline-sodic
d. Sodic
144. The only group of soil microorganisms which can thrive at any soil pH range.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Azotobacter
c. Bacteria
d. Fungi.
145. The first redox reaction to occur upon submergence of an aerated soil
a. Disappearance of oxygen.
b. Disappearance of carbon dioxide
c. Disappearance of nitrate
d. Formation of methane
146. They are soft unconsolidated deposits of calcium carbonate.
a. Calcium carbonate
b. Calcium oxide
c. Marl.
d. Slag
147. The relative neutralizing power of a liming material whose molecular weight is 84 gm
molecular weigth of calcium carbonate is 100 gm.
a. 1.18 %
b. 84%
c. 119 %.
d. 184 %
148. One of the choices below is not a factor that determines the amount of lime to apply.
a. Lime requirement of the crop
b. Soil organic matter.
c. Soil texture
d. Lime and frequency of liming
149. The major group of soil microorganisms where molds and mushrooms belong.
a. Algae
b. Actinomycetes
c. Bacteria
d. Fungi.
150. The term given to the association of fungi and roots of higher plants.
a. Bacterial
b. Fungal
c. Mycorrhizal.
d. Rhizobial
151. An association between fungi and the roots of certain plants in which the fungal
hyphae form a compact mantle on the root surface and extends into the surrounding soil
and inward between cortical cells in the root.
a. Ectomycorrhizae.
b. Endomycorrhizae
c. Mygorrhizae
d. Rhizobial
152. The most prominent and numerous soil microorganisms
a. Algae
b. Actinomycetes
c. Bacteria.
d. Fungi
153. The most dominant soil microorganisms in the organic layer of forest soils.
a. Algae
b. Actinomycetes
c. Bacteria.
d. Fungi
154. The ultimate source of nitrogen.
a. Atmosphere.
b. Soil
c. Soil minerals
d. Soil organic matter
155. The inorganic phosphorus which predominates in alkaline soils
a. Aluminum phosphorus
b. Calcium phosphorus.
c. Iron phosphorus
d. Manganic phosphorus
156. Soil management which increases availability of absorbed P in acid upland soils.
a. Fertilizer application
b. Liming.
c. Organic matter application
d. Submergence
157. Soil conditons which can reduce the ferric to ferrous, hence, making the iron-
phosphate complex more soluble.
a. continous tillage
b. liming
c. organic matter application
d. prolonged anaerobic conditions.
158. it is a wet oxidation method of determining the organic matter content of soils.
a. Combustion
b. Micro-kjeldahl method
c. Tiltation
d. Walkley-black method.
159. Organic compounds which range in complexity from simple sugars and starches to
cellulose
a. Carbohydrates.
b. Fats and waxes
c. Lignins
d. Protiens
160. The process by which one plant infuses the soil with a chemical that affects the other
plants.
a. Allelopathy.
b. Production of antibiotics
c. Production of hormones
d. Synergistic effects
161. It is not a function of organic matter in the soil.
a. Increases CEC
b. Provides carbon and energy source to soil
c. Provides essential nutrients
d. Provides soil air.
162. The soil enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch
a. Amylase.
b. Lipase
c. Cellulase
d. Catalase
163. The sum of all tillage operations, cropping practices, fertilizers, lime, and other
treatments conducted on, or applied to a soil for the production of plants.
a. Soil fertility
b. Soil management.
c. Soil nutrition
d. Soil productivity
164. A method of soil fertility evaluation which integrates the effects of plant, soil, climate
and management variables.
a. Field fertilizer experiment.
b. Plant analysis
c. Observation of symptoms
d. Soil chemical test
165. The trade name of potassium chloride fertilizer.
a. Ammophos
b. Muriate of potash.
c. Solophos
d. Sulfate of potash
166. An organic fertilizer material which had been enriched with microbial inoculants,
hormones, and/or chemical additives to increase its nutrient content.
a. Activated organic fertilizer
b. Fortified organic fertilizer.
c. Impure organic fertilizer
d. Pure organic fertilizer
167. The process by which nutritional problems are diagnosed and fertilizer
recommendation are made.
a. Soil fertility evaluation.
b. Soil productivity
c. Soil sampling
d. Soil testing
168. It is an indicatorof biological activity in the soil.
a. Soil structure
b. Soil respiration.
c. Soil fetility
d. Soil oxidation
169. Organic fertilizers consisting of decomposed plantor animal materials added with
decomposing activators but no chemical nor organic fertilizer material has been added
a. activated organic fertilizer
b. fortified organic fertilizer
c. impure organic fertilizer
d. pure organic fertilizer.
170. The mechanism of ion uptake which takes place in the direction of a decreasing
concentration gradient.
a. Contact exchange
b. Diffusion.
c. Mass flow
d. Root interception
171. It belongs to 1:1 silicate clay minerals
a. Halicysite
b. Illite.
c. Montmorillonite
d. Vermicullite
172. It belongs to 2:1 silicate clay minerals.
a. Dickite
b. Halicysite
c. Kaolinite
d. Montmorillonite.
173. The mineral nutrient needed by the plant in the smallest amount.
a. Copper
b. Molybdenum.
c. Zinc
d. Iron
174. Which of the following mineral nutrient is beneficial?
a. Chlorine
b. Boron
c. Iron
d. Silicon.
175. The most common iron oxide in soils.
a. Gibbsite
b. Hematite
c. Geothite.
d. Lepidocrocite
176. The most important aluminum oxide in soils.
a. Gibbsite.
b. Hematite
c. Geothite
d. Lepidocrocite
177. The most resistant component of plant materials to decomposition.
a. Cellulose
b. Lignin.
c. Starch
d. Sugars
178. It is a soil chemical condition that is common in dry regions.
a. Soil acidity
b. Soil alkalinity.
c. Soil salinity
d. All of the above
179. It is a mineral nutrient that is highly soluble at high pH
a. Iron
b. Potassium
c. Molybdenum.
d. Zinc
180. The weight of 1 me Ca++ is
a. 0.002 gm
b. 0.02 gm.
c. 0.2 gm
d. 2 gm
181. Which among the following cations has the weakest attraction to the clay ?
a. Calcium
b. Aluminum
c. Potassium
d. Sodium.
182. Which of the thi following cations has the strongest attraction to the clay?
a. Calcium
b. Aluminum.
c. Potassium
d. sodium
183. It is the most important soil animal
a. Termite
b. Earthworm.
c. Snails
d. Ants
184. The theory of mineral nutrients was formulated by
a. Theophrastus
b. Liebig.
c. Berzelius
d. Davy
185. A dynamic natural body composed of mineral and organic materials
A. Clay
B. Humus
C. Sediments
D. Soil.
186. The percentage of mineral matter in the soil
a. 5%
b. 25%
c. 45%.
d. 35%
187. The sand fraction is composed mainly of
a. Secondary minerals
b. Primary minerals.
c. Mineral matter
d. Organic matter
188. Soil water containing dissolved organic and inorganic substances
a. Solute
b. Soil solution.
c. Mineral matter
d. Organic matter
189. Organic matter decomposition is an example of
a. Transformation.
b. Translocation
c. Addition
d. Losses
190. The removal of materials in the solution from the soil
a. Percolation
b. Eloviation
c. Leaching.
d. Infiltration
191. He introduced the factors of soil formation
a. Jenny
b. Hilgard
c. Fallou
d. Dokuchaev.
192. The geologic or organic precursor of the soil
a. Pedogenic material
b. Organic material
c. Parent material.
193. The parent material that has been deposited by gravity
a. Alluvial
b. Colluvial.
c. Marine
d. Lacustrine
194. The parent material that has been deposited by rivers
a. Alluvial.
b. Colluvial
c. Marine
d. Lacustrine
195. The parent material that has been deposited by wind
a. Alluvial
b. Colluvial
c. Till
d. Eolian.
196. The collective term given to the accumulated plant debris
a. Fibric
b. Muck
c. Peat.
d. Humus
197. The configuration of the land surface
a. Slope
b. Elevation
c. Topography.
d. Landscape
198. The time at which the development of soil begins
a. Time zero.
b. Initial time
c. Final time
199. Well-drained slopes would
a. Retard soil development
b. Enhance soil development.
c. Have no effect
200. Rocks formed from the solidification and crystallization of magma
a. Igneous rocks.
b. Sedimentary rocks
c. Metamorphic rocks
d. Volcanic rocks
201. The term for fine-textured igneous rocks
a. Aphanitic.
b. Phaneritic
c. Mafic
d. Felsic
202. It is an example of sedimentary rocks
a. Andesite
b. Basalt
c. Marble
d. Sandstone.
203. The common characteristics of sedimentary rocks
a. Color
b. Texture
c. Foliation
d. Stratification.
204. The most common primary mineral in rocks
a. Feldspar.
b. Hornblende
c. Quartz
d. Calcium carbonate
205. The most resistant rock-forming mineral
a. Clivine
b. Pyroxene
c. Feldspar
d. Quartz.
206. The physical and chemical alteration of rocks
a. Weathering.
b. Disintegration
c. Decomposition
d. Quartz
207. The physical weathering process involving the peeling away of rocks
a. Hydrolysis
b. Chelation
c. Exfoliation.
d. Freezing and thawing
208. The reaction between the water and the elements of the rock mineral
a. Hydration
b. Hydrolysis.
c. Carbonation
d. Oxidation
209. The vertical section of the soil showing the sequence of of horizons
a. Solum
b. Soil profile.
c. Pedon
d. Regolith
210. Horizons having specific soil characteristics that are indicative of soil classes.
a. Master horizons
b. Genetic horizons
c. Diagnostic horizons.
d. Transition horizons
211. Horizons having specific soil characteristics that are the result of pedogenesis.
a. Master horizons
b. Genetis horizons.
c. Diagnostic horizons
d. Transition horizons
212. It is a thick dark colored surface diagnostic horizon with high base saturation a
structure.
a. Umbric
b. Mollic.
c. Ochric
d. Melanic
213. It is like the mollic epipedon except that it has low base saturation.
a. Umbric.
b. Ochric
c. Melanic
d. Anthropic
214. It is an epipedon that falls all the requirements of a mollic
a. Umbric
b. Ochric.
c. Melanic
d. Histic
215. A human-made sodlike horizon created by long-term manuring.
a. Umbric
b. Anthropic
c. Ochric
d. Plaggen.
216. A subsurface diagnostic horizon characterized by silicate clay accumulation.
a. Argillic.
b. Nitric
c. Spodic
d. Camble
217. A highly weathered subsurface horizon consisting of an accumulation of Fe and
oxides.
a. Argillic
b. Spodic
c. Cambic
d. Oxic.
218. A hardpan strongly cemented by silica.
a. Duripan.
b. Calcic
c. Fragipan
d. Gypsic
219. The soil moisture regime characterized by sufficient moisture throughout the year.
a. Aquic
b. Udic.
c. Ustic
d. Aridic
220. The soil temperature regime the the average annula temperature is more than 22°C
and the difference between mean summer and mean winter is less than 5°C.
a. Isothermic
b. Isohyperthermic.
c. Isomesic
d. Isofrigid
221. These are soils with little or no profile development.
a. Udepts
b. Fluvents.
c. Udands
d. Ustalfs
222. These are soils formed from volcanic ash and young volcanic materials.
a. Udepts
b. Fluvents
c. Udands.
d. Ustalfs
223. The cracking and swelling soils common in lowland areas which are used for rice
production.
a. Orthods
b. Ustolis
c. Ustalfs
d. Uderts.
224. These are well-developed soils with low base saturation common in forest and
upland areas.
a. Ustalfs
b. Ustults.
c. Ustolis
d. Usterts
225. These are highly weathered soils in the humid tropics.
a. Udalfs
b. Udults
c. Udoxs.
d. Ustepts
226. The name TypicTropudults is forthe category of
a. Order
b. Great golip
c. Subgroup.
d. Suborder
227. The standard procedure to determinenitrogen content of soils.
a. Potentiometric method
b. Kjeldahl method.
c. Walkley-black method
d. X-ray diffraction method
228. A group of soils having the same profile characteristics and parent materials.
a. Soil type
b. Soil series.
c. Soil association
d. Soil phase
229. A type of soil survey which produces maps with a scale of 1:15, 000 to 1:5, 000.
a. Exploratory
b. Reconnaissance
c. Semi-detailed
d. Detailed.
230. Maahas clay is an example of a
a. Soil type.
b. Soil series
c. Soil association
d. Soil phase
231. The most important cause of soil degradation.
a. Soil pollution
b. Soil erosion.
c. Soil denudation
d. All of the above
232. The first step of soil erosion by water.
a. Detachment.
b. Transportation
c. Deposition
d. Rainfall impact
233. A type of soil erosion characterized by uniform removal of soil.
a. Rill erosion
b. Gully erosion
c. Sheet erosion.
d. Surface erosion
234. The ability of rainfall to cause soil erosion.
a. Erodibility
b. Erosivity.
c. Detachability
235. The standard research plot on which the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
based.
a. 22 m long, 9% slope.
b. 22 m long, 15% slope
c. 30 m long, 9% slope
236. In the USLE equation, the soil cover and management factor is represented by
a. R b. K c. P d. C.
237. It is not a master horizon
a. O b. A c. B d. R.
238. It refers to the true soil
a. Solum.
b. Regolith
c. Soil profile
d. B horizon
239. A type of B horizon showing significant clay accumulation
a. Bw
b. Bt.
c. Bk
d. Bc
240. The pores created by soil animals are called
a. Capillary pores
b. Biopores.
c. Voids
241. The relative proportion of soil separates.
a. Soil structure
b. Soil consistence
c. Soil texture.
d. Soil aggregation
242. The size range of sand
a. 2 – 0.002 mm
b. 2 – 0.02 mm.
c. 2 – 0.2 mm
d. 0.02 – 0.002 mm
243. The soil separate that is composed mainly of secondary minerals
a. Sand
b. Clay.
c. Silt
244. The soil fraction that is considered in the evaluation of soil properties in the
laboratory
a. Coarse fraction
b. Clay fraction
c. Sand fraction
d. Fine earth fraction.
245. It is used to destroy organic matter during textural analysis.
a. calgon
b. .H2O2
c. HCl
d. H2SO4
246. It is the chemical dispersing agent during textural analysis.
a. Sodium phosphate
b. Sodium hexametaphosphate.
c. Calciuiti phosphate
d. Calcium chloride
247. A method of textural analysis
a. Hydrometer method.
b. Core method
c. Pycnometer method
d. Double ring method
248. Stokes’ Law states that the settling of particles in a liquid medium is directly
proportional to the square of its
a. Weight
b. Mass
c. Diameter.
d. Density
249. A textural class consisting of a mixture of equal amounts of sand, silt and clay.
a. Sandy soil
b. Clayey soil
c. Silty soil
d. Loamy soil.
250. The arrangement of primary soil particles.
a. soil structure.
b. Soil texture
c. Soil consistence
d. Soil aggregates
251. The type of soil structure common in A horizons.
a. Spheroidal.
b. Platelike
c. Blocklike
d. Prism like
252. It is considered as the start of aggregation
a. Dispersion
b. Flocculation.
c. Cementation
d. Attraction
253. A basic cation which inhibits aggregation
a. Ca
b. Na.
c. K
d. Mg
254. A basic cation which enhances aggregation
a. Ca.
b. Na
c. K
d. Mg
255. The formula of particl density.
a. Dp = Ms/Vs.
b. Dp = Ms/Mt
c. Dp = Ys/Vt
d. Dp = Vt/Ms
256. The common bulk density value of volcanic ash soils.
a. 0.1 to 0.7 g/cc.
b. 0.5 to 0.9 g/cc
c. O.9 to 1.2 g/cc
d. 1.75 g/cc
257. The porosity of a soil with a bulk density of 1.3 g/cc and a particle density of 2.6
a. 40%
b. 60%
c. 50%.
d. 55%
258. Pores created by roots and soil animals.
a. Macropores
b. Micropore
c. Capillary pores
d. Biopores.
259. The global stock of water in the groud water.
a. 97%
b. 2%
c. 0.7%.
d. 0.05%
260. The attraction of water for soil particles
a. Cohesion
b. Adhesion.
c. Surface tension
d. Capillarity
261. The force resulting from the attraction of soil solids.
a. Metric force.
b. Osmotic force
c. Gravitational force
d. Cohesion force
262. The standard method for soil water content measurement
a. Gravimetric.
b. Neutron scattering
c. Tensiometer
d. Pressure membrane
263. The amount of water remaining in the soil 2 to 3 days after saturation
a. Maximum retentive capacity
b. Permanent wilting point
c. Field capacity.
d. Hygroscopic coefficient
264. The matric potential in the soil at saturation point.
a. 0 bar.
b. 1 bar
c. 1/3 bar
d. 15 bars
265. At field capacity water is held at a tension of
a. 1/3 bar
b. pF 2.5
c. 33 kPa
d. All of the above.
266. At permanent wilting point, water is held at a tension of
a. 15 bars.
b. pF 5.0
c. 500 kPa
d. 31 bars
267. The driving force of water flow under saturated condition
a. Tension gradient
b. Hydraulic gradient.
c. Hydraulic conductivity
d. Gravity
268. The downward entry of water into the soil
a. Percolation
b. Infiltration.
c. Seepage
d. Hysteresis
269. If the moisture contents of the soil at field capacity and permanent wilting point are
40% and 25%. The available water is
a. 10%
b. 15%.
c. 20%
d. 30%
270. If the bulk density of the above soil is 1.2 g/cc, what is the depth of total available
water considering a 30 cm soil depth.
a. 5.0 cm
b. 5.4 cm.
c. 54 cm
d. 0.54 cm
271. It is higher in the atmospheric air than in the soil air.
a. Nitrogen
b. Oxygen.
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Moisture
272. The law that governs the diffusion of gases in soils.
a. Darcy’s Law
b. Stoke’s Law
c. Ficks Law.
273. It accumulates in soil air due to aerobic decomposition
a. Nitrogen
b. Oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide.
d. Methane
274. Imparts a yellowish color to soils
a. Lepidocrite
b. Goethite.
c. Hematite
d. Humus
275. The dominant spectral color in the Munsell Color Chart.
a. Hue.
b. Chroma
c. Value
d. Mottles
276. A redoximorphic feature characterized by spots or blotches of different colors.
a. Hue
b. Value
c. Chroma
d. Mottles.
277. Soil microbial activity and organic matter decomposition stops below the biological
zero.
a. 0°C
b. 5°C.
c. 10°C
d. -5°C
278. Dark colored soils
a. Absorbed more solar radiation.
b. Reflect more solar radiation
c. Retains more solar radiation
279. The smallest volume that can be called a soil.
a. Pedon.
b. Horizon
c. Profile
d. Aggregate
280. The central component of terrestrial ecosystems
a. Flora
b. Soil.
c. Fauna
d. Man
281. The soil particle which has a size of less than 0.002
a. Sand
b. Silt
c. Clay.
d. Humus
282. The horizon sequence representing young soils
a. A-B
b. A-C.
c. A-B-C
d. A-E-B-C
283. Materials deposited by ice are termed
a. Eolian
b. Lacustrine
c. Colluvial
d. Till.
284. An iron oxide that imparts the red color of soils
a. Geothite
b. Lepidocricite
c. Hematite.
d. Magnitite
285. A sequence of soils having similar factors of soil formation except time or age
a. Lithosequence
b. Chronosequence.
c. Biosequence
d. Toposequence
286. A sequence of soils having similar factors of soil formation except topography
a. Lithosequence
b. Chronosequence
c. Biosequence
d. Toposequence.
287. A sequence of soils having similar factors of soil formation except parent material
a. Lithosequence.
b. Chronosequence
c. Biosequence
d. Toposequence
288. It refers to the finest pyroclastic material
a. Lapilli
b. Blocks
c. Ash.
d. Silt
289. It refers to the texture of andesite
a. Aphanitic
b. Phaneniritic
c. Irregular
d. Porphyritic.
290. A carbonate rock consist of calcite as its predominant mineral
a. Limestone.
b. Sandstone
c. Mudstone
d. Siltstone
291. The most common primary mineral in soils
a. Feldspar.
b. Quartz
c. Hornblende
d. Mica
292. The chemical weathering of calcium carbonate containing rocks
a. Hydrolysis
b. Hydration
c. Carbonation.
d. Complexation
293. The stage of weathering characterized by the predominance of resistant minerals
a. Early .
b. Middle
c. Late
d. Initial
294. The horizon with the maximum leaching of constituents
a. A horizon
b. B horizon
c. C horizon
d. E horizon.
295. The horizon that has the properties of two adjacent horizons
a. Master horizon
b. Diagnostic horizon
c. Transition horizon.
d. Genetic horizon
296. The abrubt change in texture or mineralogy in the soil profile is termed
a. Lithologic discontiniuty.
b. Pedologic irregularity
c. Horizonation
297. The rock that has been weathered but has retained the general rock structure is
called
a. Concretion
b. Mottles
c. Saprolite.
d. C horizon
298. It is the standard reagent to determine the cation exchange capacity of the soft
a. Ammonium acetate
b. Sodium hexametaphosphate
c. Ammonium phosphate
d. Potassium chloride
299. The separation of soil particles into different sizes by direct sleving and
sedimentation
a. Fractionation.
b. Filtration
c. Decentation
300. The oven-drying of soil samples is normally done at
a. 70°C
b. 105°C.
c. 205°C
d. 550°C
301. The water in the largest pores that percolate downward
a. Capillary water
b. Drainage water
c. Gravitational water.
d. Percolating water
302. The percentage water in the soil two to three days after it has been saturated with
water
a. Capillary water
b. Gravitational water
c. Hygroscopic water
d. Field capacity.
303. The moisture content of the soil at which plants wilt and fall to recover their turgidity
when placed in a dark humid atmosphere
a. Field capacity
b. Permanent wilting point.
c. Hygroscopid coefficient
304. The amount of moisture in a dry soil
a. Hygroscopic coefficient.
b. Absorbed water
c. Gravitational water
d. Field capacity
305. A greenhouse gas that is produced by the decomposition of organic matter in wet
soils
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Methane.
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Hydrogen sulfide
306. A greenhouse gas that is produced by the decomposition of organic matter in
drained soils
a. Carbon dioxide.
b. Methane
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Hydrogen sulfide
307. The diagnostic horizon on the surface of soils is called
a. Surface horizon
b. Epipedon.
c. Surface diagnostic horizon
308. A diagnostic horizon showing strong human influences such as phosphorus
accumulation
a. Umbric
b. Melanic
c. Histic
d. Anthropic.
309. A diagnostic horizon that is like argillic except for its high sodium content
a. Spodic
b. Natric.
c. Camble
d. Salic
310. The soil moisture regime that is charcterized by water saturation
a. Udic
b. Aquic.
c. Ustic
d. Xeric
311. The soil order of organic soils
a. Histosols.
b. Entisols
c. Andisols
d. Mollisols
312. They are young volcanic soils which are fertile except for their high P fixing capacity
a. Entisols
b. Andisols.
c. Oxisols
d. Vertisols
313. They are swelling and cracking soils common in lowlands.
a. Entisols
b. Andisols
c. Alfisols
d. Vertisols.
314. The clay mineral characterized by a basal spacing of 7 Angstrom
a. Illite
b. Kaolinite.
c. Montmorillonite
d. Allophane
315. The clay mineral characterized by a basal spacing of 10 Angstrom
a. Illite
b. Kaolinite.
c. Montmorillonite
d. Chlorite
316. It indicates the soils inhherent susceptibility to erosion
a. Erosivity
b. Erodibility.
c. Erosion capacity
317. The practice of covering the soil surface with any material to minimize soil erosion
a. Terracing
b. Mulching.
c. Cropping
318. The type of soil erosion in which soil is uniformly removed
a. Sheet erosion.
b. Gully erosion
c. Rill erosion
d. Surface erosion
319. It indicates the lightness or darkness of soil color
a. Hue
b. Value.
c. Chroma
d. All of the above
320. It indicates the purity or intensity of soil color
a. Hue
b. Value
c. Chroma.
321. A group of similar pedonsthat are associated with each other.
a. Series
b. Polypedon.
c. Multipedon
d. Soil association
322. Rocks that were formed from the crystallization of molten rocks
a. Sedimentary rocks
b. Metamorphic rocks
c. Igneous rocks.
d. Volcanic rocks
323. Rocks that were formed from the partial melting of existing rocks due to heat,
pressure and chemical reaction
a. Sedimentary rocks
b. Metamorphic rocks.
c. Igneous rocks
d. Volcanic rocks
324. Rocks that were formed from the weathering of exposed rocks at the surface of the
earth
a. sedimentary rocks.
b. metamorphic rocks
c. igneous rocks
d. volcanic rock
325. Volcanic rocks consisting of accumulation of fragments blasted from volcanoes are
a. Sediments
b. Pyroclastics.
c. Lahar
326. In the Moh’s scale of hardness of minerals, it is the softest mineral
a. Quartz
b. Gypsum
c. Talc.
d. Diamond
327. The clay mineral with an average cation exchange capacity of 5 to 15 cm/ 100cm
a. Montmorillonite
b. Kaolinite.
c. Illite
d. Vermiculite
328. Which among the following elements is not essential to plants
a. Chlorine
b. Nickel
c. Boron
d. Aluminum.
329. It is brought about by the attraction of solutes for water in the soil
a. Metric potential
b. Gravitational potential
c. Osmotic potential.
d. Soil water potential
330. At high moisture content in the soil, soil water potentials is
a. Low
b. High.
c. No relation
d. None of the bove
331. At low moisture content in the soil, soil moisture tension is
a. Low
b. High.
c. No relation
332. It refers to the unsaturated zone above the water table
a. Ground water zone
b. Vedose zone.
c. Capillary fringed zone
333. They are sources of plant nutrients that can be add the soil to supplement it natural
a. Minerals
b. Rocks
c. Fertilizers.
d. Elements
334. The most important process for the renewal of soil air
a. Diffusion.
b. Mass flow
c. Infiltration
d. percolation

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1.

33. Association between plant and fungi is known as

9. The predominant available form of N under flooded soil condition is

Section 2. Soil Physics

13. Soil texture could be determined by :

31. The color of the soil indicates some chemical conditions

PRACTICE TEST IN SOIL SCIENCE (CLSU)

1. The original source of most organic matter in soil is

3. A soil horizon is defined as:

c. the slopeof the soil surface relative to the horizontal

d. any of the above

4. An example of physical weathering process is

6. The study of rock is:

8. Metamorphism is caused by:

a. high pressure and temperature. c. erosion

9. The parent material corresponds to horizon:

10. The true soil corresponds to horizon:

11. A lowland paddy soil possesses

a. ABC horizons c. AB horizons

b. oxidized and reduced layers.d. OABC

12. An organic soil is most likely having % OM of

13. The mineral supplying P is:

14. Tourmaline supplies the element

15. Resistance of a mineral to abrasion is

b. specific gravity d. cleavage

16. The softest mineral is

17. The hardest mineral is

19. This is not an element of climate

20. Parent materials deposited in lakes is

21. The soil profile is found in the

b. mantle d. Moho layer

22. Themost abundant elements in the earth’s crust are

a. Fe, Al, Mn, N, P c. N, P, K, Ca, Mg

b. O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca.d. C, H, O, N, P

23. Secondary mineral include

24. This is not a soil forming factor

a. climatec. soil color.

25. The basic elements lost in weathering are

a. increase total surface area for chemical weathering.

a. topography and parent material c. climate and vegetation.

29. One of the most variable soil components is:

c. mineral matter c. soil water.

a. mineralogy c. both a and b.

33. The dark color of igneous rock is usually caused by:

a. surface tension. c. infiltration

a. water table c. capillary fringe.

43. The acidity of rain water is largely due to the gas:

44. Which does not relate to CEC?

c. amount of clay c. kind of clay

a. effective-rooting depth of plant. c. profile

48. Porosity, which is the total pore-space volume of soils:

a. is highest in fine-textured soils.

50. Soil suction in a saturated zone beneath a water table is:

a. greater than zero c. less than zero

a. negative hydraulic pressure. c. soil water tension

52. Plant wilting commences when:

a. water flow into root stops

a. only during daylight hours c. Continously.

a. both the air and soil above are dry.