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Lesson 4-Network Architecture

The document discusses network architecture and its key types. Network architecture refers to the layout of a network including its hardware, software, connectivity, communication protocols, and transmission methods. There are two main types of network architecture: peer-to-peer and client-server. In peer-to-peer networks, each client has equal status and shares its own resources, while client-server networks have dedicated server computers that provide centralized resources and services to client computers. Thin client architectures rely heavily on centralized servers to run applications and store data on behalf of lightweight client terminals. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of each approach.

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228 views49 pages

Lesson 4-Network Architecture

The document discusses network architecture and its key types. Network architecture refers to the layout of a network including its hardware, software, connectivity, communication protocols, and transmission methods. There are two main types of network architecture: peer-to-peer and client-server. In peer-to-peer networks, each client has equal status and shares its own resources, while client-server networks have dedicated server computers that provide centralized resources and services to client computers. Thin client architectures rely heavily on centralized servers to run applications and store data on behalf of lightweight client terminals. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of each approach.

Uploaded by

J A Y T R O N
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NETWORK

ARCHITECTURE
Kwame Seidu
INTRODUCTION

• Network architecture refers to the layout of


the network, consisting of the
• hardware,
• software,
• connectivity,
• communication protocols and
• mode of transmission, such as wired or wireless.
INTRODUCTION

• Network architecture, is the logical and


structural layout of the network
• It consists of transmission equipment,
software and communication protocols
• and infrastructure (wired or
wireless), transmission of data and
connectivity between components.
INTRODUCTION
• Network Architecture is the complete
framework of an organization's computer
network.
• The diagram of the network architecture
provides a full picture of the established
network
• with detailed view of all the
resources accessible.
INTRODUCTION

• It includes:
• hardware components used for
communication,
• cabling and device types,
• network layout and topologies,
• physical and wireless connections,
implemented areas and future plans.
INTRODUCTION

• In addition, the software rules and


protocols also constitute to the network
architecture.
• This architecture is always designed by a
network manager/administrator with
coordination of network engineers and
other design engineers.
Types of network
architecture
Network architecture types

• There are two main types of


network architecture
• Peer-to-Peer Architecture

• Client-Server Architecture
• Thin Client-Server Architecture
PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
PEER-TO-PEER
ARCHITECTURE
• In peer-to-peer network
architecture every client (peer) has
equal status and there is no central
authority or server.
• Peer-to-peer networks are common
in homes and small businesses.
PEER-TO-PEER
ARCHITECTURE
PEER-TO-PEER
ARCHITECTURE

• In this type of network, every


computer can communicate with all the
other machines on the network, but in
general each one stores its own files and
runs its own applications.
advantages of peer to peer network

In peer-to-peer networks all nodes are act


as server as well as client
• therefore no need of dedicated server.
• The peer to peer network is less expensive.
• The network function is not affected when
one computer breaks down.
advantages of peer to peer network

• Peer to peer network is easier to set up and


use.
• this means that you can spend less time in the
configuration and implementation.
• It is not required for the peer to peer network
to use the dedicated server computer.
• Any computer on the network can function as
both a network server and a user workstation.
disadvantages of peer to peer
• A computer network
can be accessed
anytime.
• Network security has to be applied
to each computer separately.
• Backup has to be performed on
each computer separately.
Disadvantages of peer to peer
network
• No centralized server is available
to manage and control the
access of data.
• Users have to use separate
passwords on each computer in
the network.
Disadvantages of peer to peer network
• As with most network systems,
unsecure and unsigned codes
may allow remote access to files
on a victim's computer or even
compromise the entire network
CLIENT SERVER
ARCHITECTURE
Client-server architecture

• In client/server network
architecture one or more of
the computers acts as servers
that provide services to the
rest of the network (the
clients).
Client-server architecture

• Client-server architecture
(client/server) is
a network architecture in
which each computer or
process on the network is
either a client or a server.
Client-server architecture

• Servers are powerful computers or


processes dedicated to managing
• disk drives (file servers),
• printers (print servers), or
• network traffic (network servers).
Client-server architecture
• Clients are PCs or workstations on
which users run applications.
• Clients rely on servers for resources,
such as files, devices, and even
processing power.
Client-server architecture

• With a client-server network,


one or more servers will
perform critical functions on
behalf of the other machines
(the clients) on the network.
Client-server architecture

• These functions might include


• user authentication,
• data storage, and
• the running of large, shared, resource-
intensive applications
• such as databases and client relationship
management (CRM) software.
Thin-client network architecture
Thin-client network architecture

• In thin-client network
architecture the client computers
rely heavily on a server not only to
store files and applications,
• but to run the software on the
clients behalf.
Thin-client network architecture

• The thin client merely acts


as a terminal for accepting
input and display.
• What is a terminal?
Thin-client network architecture

• A terminal in this context refers to :


• Device linked to computer: a
remote input or output device linked
to a computer, or a combination of
such devices, e.g. a keyboard and video
display
Thin-client network architecture

• Although the term thin client usually


refers to software,
• It is increasingly used for computers,
such as network computers, that are
designed to serve as the clients for
client/server architectures.
Thin-client network architecture

• A thin client is a network


computer without a hard
disk drive, whereas a fat
client includes a disk drive.
THIN CLIENT SERVER
ARCHITETURE
Thin-client network architecture

• In client/server applications,
a client designed to be
especially small so that the bulk
of the data processing occurs
on the server.
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• Centralized Control: access,


resources and integrity of the data are
controlled by the dedicated server so
that a program or unauthorized client
cannot damage the system.
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• This centralization also


facilitates task of updating
data or other resources
• (better than the networks
P2P).
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• Scalability: You can increase


the capacity of clients and
servers separately.
• Any element can be increased
(or enhanced) at any time, or
you can add new nodes to the
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
• Easy maintenance: distribute the roles
and responsibilities to several standalone
computers,
• you can replace, repair, upgrade, or even
move a server, while customers will not be
affected by that change (or minimally affect).
• This independence of the changes is also
known as encapsulation.
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• There are technologies


sufficiently developed,
designed to ensure security
in transactions, interface
friendliness, and ease of use.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• Traffic congestion has always been a problem in the


paradigm of Client Server.
• When a large number of simultaneous clients send
requests to the same server might cause many
problems for this (to more customers, more
problems for the server).
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• On the contrary, P2P


networks each node in the
network server also makes
more nodes, the better
bandwidth you have.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

•Lacks robustness.
•When a server is down,
customer requests
cannot be met.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• In most part, P2P networks resources


are usually distributed across multiple
nodes of the network.
• When some nodes are down, others may
still end up getting data download on rest
of the nodes in the network.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
• Expensive to run:
• The software and hardware of a
server are usually very decisive.
• A regular computer hardware staff
may not be able to serve a certain
number of customers.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• Usually you need specific software


and hardware, especially on the
server side, to meet the work .
• Of course, this will increase the
cost.
END OF LESSON
ASSIGNMENT
ASSIGNMENT

• CONSIDER AND DISCUSS


THE FACTORS THAT
DETERMINE THE
CHOICE OF A NETWORK
TOPOLOGY AND
ARCHITECTURE
SUBMISSION

• TO BE SUBMITTED IN
HARD COPY.
• DEADLINE:
FRIDAY, 19TH OCTOBER,
2019.
END OF LESSON

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