Solid Mensuration: Solids For Which Volume, V BH

SOLID
MENSURATION
Solids for which
Volume, V = Bh
Engr. Michael George A. Baraquel
Solids for which volume, V = Bh
Cube
Rectangular Parallelepiped
Volume Theorem
Prism
Cylinder Surface
Cylinder
Circular of Cylinder
Right Circular Cylinder
Introduction
In this chapter we discuss certain solids,
develop formulas for finding their volumes and
surface areas, and apply these formulas in the
solution of various practical problems. In
general, the student will use but a single new
formula in the mensuration of the volumes of
these solids.
Introduction
A Solid is any limited portion of
space, bounded by surfaces.
A Section of a solid is the plane

figure cut fro, the solid by
passing a plane through it.
A polyhedron is a solid bounded

by planes.
Introduction
The edges of a polyhedron are the
intersections of the bounding planes
The faces are the portions of the

bounding planes by the edges. The
faces are polygons.
The vertices are the intersections of

the edges.
CUBE
Cube
A Cube is a polyhedron whose six
faces are all squares.
The three dimensions of a cube

are equal to each other. Therefore,
all edges are equal.
All the faces of a cube are

congruent squares.
Cube
The total area of a cube is equal to
the sum of the areas of its faces.
𝑨= 𝟔𝒂 𝟐
Surface Analysis. Each of the six

faces of a cube is a square of edge
a. Since the area of one face is a²,
the total area of the cube is 6a²
Cube
The volume of a cube is equal to
the cube of its edge
𝑽= 𝒂 𝟑
Volume Analysis. The volume of a

solid is the number of times it
contains a given solid which is
chosen arbitrarily as the unit of
volume.
1. A cube of edge a is cut by a plane containing two diagonally opposite
edges of the cube. Find the area of the section thus formed. Find the
diagonal line AC.
SOLUTION:
 Using a right triangle, solve for the length AB or hyp by Pythagorean B
Theorem; a
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
(𝐴𝐵)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑎2
A
𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑎2 = 𝑎 2
 Solve for the area or figure ABCD
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 𝑎 2 𝑎 = 𝑎2 2
a
C
 Using Triangle ACD, solve for line AC by Pythagorean Theorem
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
(𝐴𝐶)2 = (𝐴𝐷)2 +(𝐷𝐶)2
(𝐴𝐶)2 = 𝑎2 + (𝑎 2)2 D a
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑎2 + 𝑎 2 (2)
𝐴𝐶 = 3𝑎2
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑎 3
2. How much material was used in the manufacture of 24,000 celluloid
dice, if each die has an edge of ¼ in.?
SOLUTION:
 Solve for the volume of one die ¼ in
𝑉 = 𝑎3
𝑉 = 0.253 = 0.015625 𝑐𝑢. 𝑖𝑛
 Solve for total volume on materials used,

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙 (24000)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 = 0.015625 24000
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 = 375 𝑐𝑢. 𝑖𝑛
¼ in
¼ in
3. Find the volume (cu. ft.) and total area (sq. ft.) of the largest cube of
wood that can be cut from a log of circular cross section whose radius
is 12.7 in.
SOLUTION:
 Solve for the edge of the cube using right triangle.
Use the diameter as hypotenuse. 12.7 in
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
(25.4)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑎2
25.4 = 2𝑎2
25.4 = 𝑎 2
1𝑓𝑡
𝑎 = 17.961 𝑖𝑛 = 1.497 𝑓𝑡
12𝑖𝑛
 Solve for the area
𝐴 = 6𝑎 2 = 6(1.497)2
𝐴 = 13.446 𝑠𝑞. 𝑓𝑡.
 Solve for Volume

𝑉 = 𝑎3 = (1.497)3
𝑉 = 3.355 𝑐𝑢. 𝑓𝑡.
Rectangular Parallelepiped
A rectangular parallelepiped is a
polyhedron whose six faces are all
rectangles.
The parallel edges of a rectangular

parallelepiped are equal
The opposite lateral faces of a

rectangular parallelepiped are
equal and parallel.
Any two opposite faces of a
rectangular parallelepiped may be
taken as the bases.
Every section of a rectangular

parallelepiped made by a plane
parallel to the base is equal in area
to that of the base
The total area of a rectangular parallelepiped is
equal to the sum of the areas of the faces
The volume of a rectangular parallelepiped is

equal to the product of the base and the altitude
4. A storage room has rectangular floor of 76 ft. by 42 ft. The walls are
vertical and 20 ft. high. If there are no windows, find the total area of
the ceiling, walls, and floor. Also find the storage space of the room.
SOLUTION:
 Solve for the total area of ceiling, walls and
floor;
𝐴 = 𝑙𝑤 + 𝑙𝑤 + 2 𝑤ℎ + 2 ℎ𝑙
𝐴 = 2 𝑙𝑤 + 𝑤ℎ + ℎ𝑙
𝐴 = 2 76 42 + 42 20 + 20 76
𝐴 = 11,104 𝑠𝑞. 𝑓𝑡.
42 ft
 Solve for the volume of one die 20 ft
𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ
𝑉 = 76 42 20 76 ft
𝑉 = 63,840 𝑐𝑢. 𝑓𝑡.
5. A Solid concrete porch consists of 3 steps and a landing. The steps
have a tread of 11 inches, a rise of 7 inches, and a length of 7 ft.; the
landing is 6 ft. by 7 ft. How much material was used in its construction?
SOLUTION:
𝑉 = 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝1 + 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝2 + 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝3
 Volume of Landing;
7
𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ = 7 6
12
𝑉 = 24.5 𝑐𝑢. 𝑓𝑡.
 Volume of step 1
11 7
𝑉 = 7 6+
12 12  Volume of step 3
𝑉 = 28.243 𝑐𝑢. 𝑓𝑡. 11 11 11 7
 Volume of step 2 𝑉 = 7 6+ + +
12 12 12 12
11 11 7
𝑉 = 7 6+ + 𝑉 = 35.729 𝑐𝑢. 𝑓𝑡.
12 12 12  Total Volume;
𝑉 = 31.986 𝑐𝑢. 𝑓𝑡. 𝑉 = 24.5 + 28.243 + 31.986 + 35.729
𝑉 = 120.458 𝑐𝑢. 𝑓𝑡.
6. In the figure is shown a rectangular parallelepiped whose dimensions
are 2, 4, 6. Points A, B, C, E, F, and L are each at the midpoint of an
edge. Find the area of each of the sections ABEF, ABC, and MNL.
Volume Theorem
Consider a pile of uniform cards stacked in the
form of a rectangular parallelepiped. This pile
may be distorted into forms of various irregular
solids such as shown. Obviously the volume of
the pile has not been changed.
Volume Theorem
If the bases of a solid are equal in area and lie
in parallel planes and every section of the solid
parallel to the base is equal in area to that of
the base, the volume of the solid is the product
of its base and altitude
7. The solid represented in the figure has square bases of edge a in
parallel planes and every section of the solid parallel to the bases is a
square of edge a. If its altitude is h, find its volume.
8. The solid shown in the figure has bases which lie I parallel planes.
Each base is a circle of radius a, and every section parallel to the bases
is also a circle of radius a. If the distance between the bases of the solid
is h, what is the volume of the solid?
Prism
A prism is a polyhedron
of which two faces are
polygons in parallel
planes, and the other
faces are quadrilaterals.
𝑽 = 𝑩𝒉
9. A masonry dam 40ft. high has a uniform vertical cross section as
shown in the figure. The dam is 80ft. long and its material weighs 125
lb. per cu. ft. Find the weight of the dam.
10. A lead pencil whose ends are regular hexagons was cut from a
cylindrical piece of wood. If the original piece was 8 inches long and ½
inch in diameter, find the volume of the pencil.
• Angle of triangle
360 360
𝜃= = = 60°
𝑛 6
• Area of triangle
1 2
𝐴 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃
2
1
𝐴 = (0.25)2 sin 60°
2
𝐴 = 0.027 𝑠𝑞. 𝑖𝑛. • Volume of Pencil
• Area of hexagon 𝑉 = 𝐵ℎ
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 6 𝑉 = 0.162 8
𝐴 = 0.027 6 = 0.162 sq. in 𝑉 = 1.299 𝑐𝑢. 𝑖𝑛.
V = BH
Cylinder Surface
Cylinder
Circular of Cylinder
Right Circular Cylinder
MIDTERM (Friday)
Quiz 2 (next week)
THE END

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SOLID

A Section of a solid is the plane

A polyhedron is a solid bounded

The faces are the portions of the

The vertices are the intersections of

The three dimensions of a cube

All the faces of a cube are

Surface Analysis. Each of the six

Volume Analysis. The volume of a

 Solve for total volume on materials used,

 Solve for Volume

The parallel edges of a rectangular

The opposite lateral faces of a

Every section of a rectangular

The volume of a rectangular parallelepiped is

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