“A Study on Market Potential of

Indian Agriculture Products”

 TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter no. Particulars Page no.

Title page
Declaration
Acknowledgement
Abstract

CHAPTER-1 Introduction to the topic

CHAPTER-2  Objectives of the study

 Scope of the study

CHAPTER-3 Literature Review

CHAPTER-4 Methodologies

CHAPTER-5 Data Analysis &

interpretation

CHAPTER-6 Findingsand
Recommendation

Bibliography
Annexure
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

‘Agriculture’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Ager’ which means Land or field and ‘Culture’
means cultivation. It means the science and Art of producing crops and livestock for
economic purpose. Agriculture is an art of raising plant life from the soil for the use of
mankind. In simple words we can say agriculturist is a person who cultivates the land and
grows crops on it.
Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops and raising livestock.
It includes the preparation of plant and animal products for people to use and their
distribution to markets. Agriculture provides most of the world’s food and fabrics. Cotton,
wool, and leather are all agricultural products. Agriculture also provides wood for
construction and paper products. Agriculture fulfils the basic needs of the vast human
population like food, shelter and clothing. To improve the quality as well as quantity of the
producer, many new techniques have been introduced in the field of agriculture. Better seeds,
fertilizers, better methods of irrigation are some of the practices that have increased the
harvest and brought more land under cultivation. Seeds, manure, fertilizer, machinery and
labour are the inputs in the system of agriculture. Crops, Diary products, poultry
products, fruits, silk and wool are some of the outputs of this system.

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE

● Agricultural conditions and practices vary from State to State ,it may include
differences in soil conditions, climatic factors etc
● Most of the Indian farmers are illiterate, ignorant, superstitious, and conservative and
bound by outmoded customs, etc., create an atmosphere which is not proving helpful
for going ahead with farm productivity.
● Indian agriculture has been facing problems such as inadequate provision of finance,
marketing etc.
● Absence of adequate knowledge of multiple cropping, crop-rotation, crop insurance,
irrigational facilities, etc.
● There is lack of co-ordination between different institutions like Institution like Co-
operatives, Rural Banks, Panchayats, Community Development Projects, etc.
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Due to global warming and climate change traditional
farming in the regular months have been distorted and crops have been ruined is the most common phrase
seen today. This not only gives economic losses but also the main reason for farmer sucide. Now agriculture
needs support, time has come for technology to take over change. For a crop to grow ,favourable soil
conditions, ambient rainfall and temperature is necessary. So as now due to climate change temperature and
rainfall cannot be well defined , example rains in December and January or irregular temperatures have
made it difficult for farmers and common man to predict months of plantation and yield of the crop due to
irregularities. So we have formulated an analysis by prediction of a favourable crop based on temperature
and current rainfall with soil conditions. diverse climate of India ensures that all varieties of fresh fruits and
vegetables are available. It ranks second in the world's production of fruits and vegetables, after China. As
published by the National Horticulture Board's National Horticulture Database, India produced 90.2 million
metric tons of fruit and 169.1 million metric tons of vegetables during 2015-16. The region under fruit
cultivation stood at 6.3 million hectares, while 10.1 million hectares of vegetables were cultivated.

CONCEPT OF THE INDIAN AGRICULTURE

Indian agriculture remained traditional for a long time and so there has been slow growth in all
respects. Therefore, the Government of India has initiated modernization of agriculture and
institutional changes. The agricultural sector provides basic necessities for the sustenance of human
beings and it provides the major input for manufacturing and service industries. It makes major
contribution to economic development. Farmers can improve their income level by adopting scientific
methods of agriculture and following the rural entrepreneurship like forestry, fisheries, cattle breeding,
dairy and poultry farming etc. The agricultural produce is required not merely for self-sufficiency but
for commercial purpose. Moreover, the government is continuously making efforts to develop this
sector because the whole nation depends on it for food. Besides, earlier we used to depend completely
on monsoon for the cultivation of food grains, but now we have constructed dams, canals, tube-wells,
and pump- sets. Also, better variety of fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds, which help us to grow more
food in comparison to what we produce during old times. With the advancement of technology,
advanced equipment, better irrigation facility and the specialized knowledge of agriculture started
improving and we are the largest exporter of many food grains . Insufficient rain can ruin
crops. Rice cultivation requires three times more water.
Many rely on diesel pumping for irrigation which is costly. Soil, seed, manure, insects, crop
damage, these are some major problems that could occur in farming.

Theoretical framework:

In this chapter, with a view to evaluating the objectives of the study, the findings of some of
the foregoing research studies and the methodology adopted therein have been reviewed.
Very few studies have been carried out on the challenges and problems faced by agriculturist
in India and abroad. Many research programmes have highlighted various problems and
challenges which are faced by agriculturists. Indian agriculture is plagued by several
problems. Some of them are controllable and some of are out of
control. Researches already highlighted some common problems, and it can be solved with
systematic methods. Firstly seeds, which is a critical and basic input for attaining higher
crop yields and sustained growth in agricultural production. Unfortunately, good quality
seeds are out of reach of the majority of farmers. In order to solve this problem, the
Government of India established some schemes..i.e. National Seeds Corporation (NSC) State
Farmers Corporation of India (SFCI) etc. Secondly, Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides which
are used in farming. Indian soils have been used for growing crops over thousands of years
without caring much for replenishing. This has led to depletion and exhaustion of soils
resulting low productivity. This is a serious problem which can be solved by using more
manures and fertilizers. Thirdly Irrigation , which is the most important agricultural input in
a tropical monsoon country like India where rainfall is uncertain, unreliable and this problem
can be solved by constructing Dams, canals, tube-wells, and pump-sets. Afforestation also
helps in gaining rain. And fourthly, Inadequate transport. One of the main handicaps with
Indian agriculture is the lack of cheap and efficient means of transportation. Due
to this farmers cannot carry their produce to the main market and are forced to sell it in the
local market at low price. It can be reduced by effective transport facilities . Next problem is
soil erosion ,due to which large tracts of fertile agricultural land suffers by wind and water.
This area must be properly treated and restored to its original fertility by taking proper
methods to reduce soil erosion. And next problem which comes after soil erosion is lack of
storage facilities, in the rural areas, i.e. either totally absent or grossly inadequate. Under
such conditions the farmers are forced to sell their produce immediately after the harvest
at prevailing price. Farmers can avail facilities offered by agencies engaged in warehousing
and storage activities. Lastly, its ineffective Agricultural marketing. In the absence of sound
marketing facilities, the farmers have to depend upon local traders and Middleman for selling their crops. In
order to save the farmer from the moneylenders and the middle men, the government has come out with
regulated markets. These markets generally introduce a system of competitive buying, help in eradicating

malpractices, ensure that farmers are entitled to receive fair price for their products.

India is the world's largest producer of many fresh fruits such as banana, mango,
guava, papaya, lemon and vegetables such as chickpea, okra and milk, major
spices such as chili pepper, ginger, fibrous crops such as jute, staples such as
millets and castor oil seed, as per the 2014 FAO world agriculture statistics.
India is the second largest producer of wheat and rice, the main food staples in
the world .

India is currently the second largest producer in the world of a range of dried
fruits, textile raw materials dependent on agriculture, roots and tuber crops,
pulses, farmed fish, eggs, coconut, sugarcane and various vegetables. More
than 80 percent of agricultural products, including many cash crops such as
coffee and cotton, were ranked among the world's five largest producers in
2010. India is one of the world's five largest producers of livestock and poultry
meat, with one of the highest growth rates as of 2011.

One 2008 study reported that the population of India is increasing faster than its
capacity to produce rice and wheat. While other recent studies say that India can
easily feed its growing population, plus produce global exports of wheat and
rice, if it can reduce staple food spoilage/wastage, boost its infrastructure, and
increase its farm productivity like those achieved by other developing country.

India, among vegetables, is the largest producer of ginger and okra and ranks
second in the production of potatoes, onions, cauliflowers, brinjal, cabbages, etc.
Among fruits, bananas (25.7 percent), papayas (43.6 percent) and mangoes
(including mangosteens and guavas) are produced first in the region (40.4
percent).
The greater portion of fruits exported from the country is accounted for by grapes,
pomegranates, mangoes, bananas, oranges, while onions, mixed crops, potatoes, tomatoes,
and green chills make a significant contribution to the vegetable export basket.

Agriculture productivity in India, growth in average yields from

1970 to 2019
Average Average Average Average
Crop[22
YIELD, YIELD, YIELD, Yield,
]
1970–1971 1990–1991 2010–2011 2019
kilogram
kilogram per hectare kilogram per hectare kilogram per
per hectare
hectare[77] [78]

Rice 1123 1740 2240 4057.7

Wheat 1307 2281 2938 3533.4

Pulses 524 578 689 441.3

Oilseeds 579 771 1325 1592.8

Sugarcan 48322 65395 68596 80104.5

e

Tea 1182 1652 1669 2212.8

Cotton 106 225 510 1156.6

Bangladesh, the UAE, the Netherlands, Nepal, Malaysia, the UK, Sri Lanka, Oman and
Qatar are the main destinations for Indian fruits and vegetables.
While India's share of the global market is still almost 1%, there is a growing acceptance of
the country's horticultural products. In the areas of state-of-the-art cold chain technology and
quality assurance measures, this has arisen due to parallel changes. In addition to major
private sector investments, the public sector has also taken initiatives and, with the assistance
of APEDA, many perishable cargo centers and integrated post-harvest handling facilities
have been set up in the region. Initiatives to develop capacity at the level of producers,
processors and exporters have also contributed to this effort
Growth in export of agricultural products from India

The global food industry is projected to bring in sales, according to market research.
Registering a compound annual growth rate of 4.5 percent from $3.03 trillion by 2020,2015
to 2020 (APEDA, 2014). It is no wonder that processed foods are an important part of the
manufacturing process.10 primary sectors under the Make in India initiative.

India, as a region, has fertile land, good irrigation facilities and modern irrigation facilities.
Agriculture/horticulture-based technology in the field of cultivation and development
making. The growth of the food processing industry further enhances this benefit. Well, in the
world. All of these positive factors related to the agriculture/horticulture sector result in
exports of Argo goods for farmers and exporters are a lucrative proposition.

About Fresh Vegetables:

Vegetables are an excellent source of vitamins, particularly niacin, riboflavin, thiamin and
vitamins A and C. India produces the largest number of vegetables from temperate to humid
tropics and from sea level to snow line. Apart from proteins and carbohydrates, they also
include minerals such as calcium and iron. Vegetables battle against food and are
considered to be the cheapest source of natural defensive weapons. Most of the vegetables,
which are shortterm crops, suit very well in the intensive cropping system and are able to
provide growers with very high yields and very high economic returns. Potato, Onion,
Tomato, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Bean, Egg Plants, Cucumber Plants, Cucumber Plants, are
the main vegetables grown in India.
Potato, Tomato, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Peas are the major varieties of different vegetable
products.

The major areas producing Fresh Vegetables are West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Haryana,
Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. The area under cultivation of Vegetable products was 10106
Thousand Ha with a production of 169.06 million tons in the year 2015-16.

India is also a prominent exporter of Fresh Vegetables in the world. The country has exported
7,50,111.99 MT of Fresh Vegetables other than Onion to the world for the worth of Rs.
2,029.43 crores/ 284.28 USD Millions during the year 2019 -20.

The major importing countries are U Arab Emits, Nepal, U K, Qatar, Bangladesh Pr.
About Fresh Fruits:

India is the world's largest fruit producer and is regarded as the fruit basket of the world.
Mangos, Grapes, Apple, Apricots, Orange, Banana Fresh, Avocado, Guava, Lichi, Papaya,
Sapota and Water Melons are the main fruits grown in India.

Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, Jammu & Kashmir, Orissa and Assam are the major
areas of production in the country.

India is also a major exporter of the world's fruits. During the year 2019-20, the country
exported 4,96,577.72 MT of fresh fruits other than Grapes and Mango to the world for the
amount of Rs.
2,065.82 crores/ 288.07 USD Millions.
respondents have opted for multiple options. 69% of the respondents say that natural
calamities affect their yield, 73% says diseases affects their crops , 20% says soil
fertility.19% and 18% of the respondents think its water quality and agricultural practices are
the main concern which affect their yields. Lastly 3% respondents says some other factors
will affect their yield.
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