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1 First Lecture, Medical Chemistry

This document outlines the syllabus for an analytical chemistry course taught over two terms. The first term covers topics such as qualitative and quantitative analytical chemistry, methods for expressing analytical concentrations, volumetric and gravimetric analysis, and sources of errors and treating analytical data. The second term covers thermodynamics, electrochemistry, photochemistry/spectrophotometry, and medical/pharmaceutical chemistry. Analytical chemistry is then defined as using both classical and instrumental methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter. Qualitative analysis uses chemical reactions to detect ions while quantitative analysis determines numerical amounts.

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Hussein Al-Iraqi
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57 views17 pages

1 First Lecture, Medical Chemistry

This document outlines the syllabus for an analytical chemistry course taught over two terms. The first term covers topics such as qualitative and quantitative analytical chemistry, methods for expressing analytical concentrations, volumetric and gravimetric analysis, and sources of errors and treating analytical data. The second term covers thermodynamics, electrochemistry, photochemistry/spectrophotometry, and medical/pharmaceutical chemistry. Analytical chemistry is then defined as using both classical and instrumental methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter. Qualitative analysis uses chemical reactions to detect ions while quantitative analysis determines numerical amounts.

Uploaded by

Hussein Al-Iraqi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prof. Dr. Nazar A.

Hussein
The Syllabus 

(First term) 
Introduction to analytical chemistry . 
Qualitative analytical chemistry . 
Quantitative analytical chemistry ---. 
Applications of quantitative analysis . 
First steps in making analysis .-------- 
Methods of Expressing analytical concentrations: 
Normality , Formality , Molarity .------ 
Mole fraction , Mill equivalent ------. 
Volumetric analysis : principles , standard solution --. 
Classification of volumetric methods---------------. 
Acid-Base indicators , buffer solution ----------- . 
Precipitation reaction , the PH- scale-------------- . 
Gravimetric analysis , calculations--------------- . 
Solubility of precipitations----------------- . 
Errors and treatment of analytical data sources of errors , 
Determinates of errors indeterminate errors , average mode 
, range , medicine .------------------------- 
Average derivation , standard deviation , variance , method 
of expressing accuracy ---------. 
(second term) 
Absolute error , relative error , rejecting pf experimental second term 
result -----------------------. 
Thermodynamic : First law of thermodynamic ------------ . 
Reversible and irreversible expansion . 
Heat capacities , adiabatic expansion . 
The second law of thermodynamic : spontaneous processes ------ . 
Garnat cycle , entropy ----------------------. 
Electrochemistry : electrochemical cells , types of 
electrodes , electrolytes ------------------- . 
Electromotive force ------. 
Nernst equation , cell potential ----------------. 
Photochemistry (spectrophotometer analysis) . 
Regions of electromagnetic spectrum --------------- . 
Absorption and emission of electromagnetic spectrum ---- 
Beer , Lambert law instrumentation --------------. 
Components of spectrophotometer -------- . 
Analysis by spectrophotometery ----------- 
Medical chemistry: 
Medical(medicinal) and pharmaceutical chemistry are 
disciplines at the intersection of ‫تخصصات‬
chemistry, (especially synthetic organic chemistry) 
pharmacology and various other
biological subjects(biology and biochemistry),
Compounds used as medicines are most often
organic and
biologics molecules, which include proteins (antibodies,
hormones etc.) and.
Inorganic and organometallic compounds are also useful
as drugs.
Analytical chemistry is essential to prepare and deal with 
medical materials.
Analytical chemistry 
Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, 
identify, and quantify matter.. In practice,
separation, identification or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be
combined with another methods. Separation isolates
analytes. Qualitative analysis identifies
analytes, while quantitative analysis determines the numerical amount or
concentration.

Analytical chemistry consists of classical and modern, instrumental methods of 


analysis.
Classical qualitative methods use separations such as precipitation, extraction, and 
distillation. Identification may be based
on differences in color, odor, melting point, boiling point, radioactivity or reactivity
Classical quantitative analysis uses mass or volume changes to quantify amount.
Instrumental methods may be used to separate samples using chromatography, 
electrophoresis or field flow fractionation.

Then qualitative and quantitative analysis can be performed, often using 


instrumentations such as light interaction, heat interaction, electric fields or
magnetic fields.
Or using classical methods to separate, identify and quantify an analyte. 
Qualitative Analysis 
Classical qualitative inorganic analysis is a method of 
analytical chemistry that seeks to find the elemental
composition of inorganic compounds.
It mainly use chemical methods to detect ions in an
aqueous solution. The solution is treated with various
reagents to test for reactions characteristic of certain ions,
which may cause color change, solid forming, and other
visible changes.
Qualitative analyses do not measure quantity, it seeks only 
the elemental constituents.
Instrumental analysis: such as flame analysis 
Chemical precipitation 
is formation of a separable solid substance from a 
solution, either by converting the substance into an
insoluble form or by changing the composition of the
solvent to diminish the solubility of the substance in it.
Extraction in chemistry 
is a separation process of a substance from a matrix. 
Common examples include: liquid-liquid extraction, and
solid phase extraction. The distribution of a solute
between two phases is an equilibrium condition described
by partition theory.
Group V

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