ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

Cebu: 4TH Flr. Villacampa-Capuras Bldg., Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84)
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438

POWER & INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REFRESHER SET 1

INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.

21. Two liters of an ideal gas, at a temperature of 1 = 25 C and a pressure of P1 = 0.101 MPa, are in a 10 cm diameter
cylinder with a piston at one end. The piston is depressed, so that the cylinder is shortened by 10 centimeters. The
temperature increases by 10 C. What is the change in pressure?
A. 0.156 MPa B. 0.167 Mpa C. 0.251 MPa D. 0.172 MPa

SOLUTION:

V1 = 2 li = 0.002 m3
V2 = V1 – π/4 D2 L = 0.002 - π/4 (0.10)2(0.10) = 1.214 x 10-3 m3

Solving for initial mass:

P1 V1 = m R T
101 (0.002) = m (0.287)(25 + 273)
m = 0.002362 kg

Solving for the final pressure: t2 =25+10=35oC

P2 V2 = m R T
P2 (1.214 x 10-3) = 0.002362 (0.287)(35 + 273)
P2 = 171.98 Kpa = 0.172 MPa
Therefore,

26. What is the hydraulic gradient of 17 inches inside diameter pipe when 3300 gal/min of water flow with f = 0.033.
A. 0.00711 B. 0.00614 C. 0.00785 D. 0.00187
Solution: v=Q/A (1 cu. ft = 7.481 gal)
v = (3300/7.481) / ((π/4)(17/12)2(60)) = 4.66 ft/s
--- Darcy’s eq’n since, f=0.033

28. Copra enters a dryer containing 75% moisture and leaves at 5% moisture. Find the moisture removed on each
pound of solid in final product.
A. 6.258 lb B. 1.258 lb C. 2.947 lb D. 3.258 lb

Solution:
Let: x = total weight of copra at entrance
y = total dried copra at exit
BDW = 1 lb (bone dry weight)
Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product = BDW

(1 – 0.75)x = 1 lb
x = 4 lbs

1 = (1 – 0.05)y
y = 1.0526 lb

Moisture removed = x – y = 4 - 1.0526 = 2.947 lbs

34. Find the heat needed to raise the temperature of water from 40oC to 100oC with 60% quality. Consider an
atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kpa. Use the approximate enthalpy formula of liquid.

A. 1,605.42 KJ/kg B. 1,772.90 KJ/kg C. 1,547.90 KJ/kg D. 1,247.29 KJ/kg

Solution:

At 40OC: saturated liquid—Point 1

h1 = cp t = 4.187 (40) = 167.48 KJ/kg

At 100oC: wet ---- Point 2

hf = cp t = 4.187(100) = 418.7 KJ/kg
hfg = latent heat of vaporization at 100oC = 2257 KJ/kg
h2 = hf + x hfg = 418.7 + 0.60(2257) = 1,772.9 KJ/kg

Solving for heat added:

Q = h2 – h1 = 1772.9 – 167.48 = 1,605.42 KJ/kg

35. Find the enthalpy of water at 212oF and 14.7 psi if the dryness factor is 50%. Use the approximate enthalpy formula
of liquid.
A. 323 Btu/lb B. 471 Btu/lb C. 537 Btu/lb D. 665 Btu/lb

Solution:

At 212oF: (boiling temperature)

hf = (oF – 32) = (212 – 32) = 180 Btu/lb

hfg = latent heat of vaporization = 970 Btu/lb (2257kJ/kg)

h = hf + x hfg

h = 180 + 0.5(970) = 665 Btu/lb

39. A 200 mm x 250 mm, 8-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine has a brake power of 150 kw. The mechanical efficiency is
85%. If two of the cylinders were accidentally cut off, what will be the new friction power?
A. 16.23 kw B. 26.47 kw C. 21.84 kw D. 35.50 kw

Solution:

IP = 176.47 kw

FP1 = IP1 - BP1 = 176.47 - 150 = 26.47 kw

FP1 = FP2 = 26.47 kw

41. An air compressor has a power of 53 kw at 5% clearance. If clearance will increase to 7%, what is the new power?
A. 70 kw B. 40 kw C. 53 kw D. 60 kw

Solution:
The power of compressor will not be affected with the changes in clearance. Therefore the power still be equal
to 53 kw.
46. A dual cycle has an initial temperature of 30oC. The compression ratio is 6 and the heat addition at constant volume
process is 600 KJ/kg. If cut-off ratio is 2.7, find the maximum temperature of the cycle.
A. 3656.57oC B. 3565.54oC C. 3465.20oC D. 3865.51oC

Solution:

For dual cycle 1 to 2 during compression:

T2 = T1 rkk-1 = (30 + 273)(6)1.4-1 = 620.44oK

Heat added at constant volume from 2 to 3:

QAv = m cv (T3 – T2)
600 = 1(0.7186)(T3 – 620.44)
T3 = 1455.396oK

Heat addition at constant pressure from 3 to 4:

T4 = 3929.57oK = 3656.57oC

50. Carnot cycle A, B and C are connected in series so that the heat rejected from A will be the heat added to B and heat
rejected from B will be added to C. Each cycle operates between 30oC and 400oC. If heat added to A is 1200 kw, find the
work output of C.
A. 121.44 kw B. 133.72 kw C. 247.53 kw D. 141.89 kw

Solution:
Solving the cycle efficiency in each cycle:

From Carnot cycle A:

QR1 = 540.24kW
But: QR1 = QA2 = 540.24

From Carnot cycle B:

QR2 = 243.22 = QA3

From Carnot cycle C:

W3 = 133.72 kw

Using short cut solution:

Wn = QA (1 – e)n-1 e ----- n=3 engines
W3 = QA (1 – e)2 e = 1200 (1 – 0.5498)2(0.5498) = 133.72 KW
53. Determine the atmospheric pressure at a location where barometric reading is 720 mm Hg and gravitational
acceleration is g = 9.7 m/s2. Assume the temperature of mercury to be 10oC, at which the density is 13,570 kg/m3.
A. 99.45 KPa B. 97.21 KPa C. 95.44 KPa D. 94.78 KPa

Solution:

Since the given g = 9.7 m/s2 is less than the standard g = 9.81 m/s2, then the barometric pressure will be
affected.

P = (w g) h = (13,570 x 9.7)(0.72) Pa (1 KPa/1000 Pa) = 94.78 KPa

55. The lower half of a 12 m high open cylindrical container is filled with water and the upper half with oil that has SG =
0.85. Determine the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the cylinder.
A. 102.74 kpa B. 108.89 KPa C. 120.38 kpa D. 98.10 kpa

Solution:

Since the tank is open to atmosphere, then the pressure at the top is 0 gage pressure.

ΔP = pressure difference between the top and bottom = Pbottom - Ptop

Pbottom = Pw + Po = 9.81(6) + (0.85 x 9.81)(6) = 108.89 kpa

ΔP = Pbottom - Ptop = 108.89 – 0 = 108.89 KPa

57. A certain gas at 101.325 Kpa and 10C whose volume is 2.83 m3 are compressed into a storage vessel of 0.31 m3
capacity. Before admission, the storage vessel contained the gas at a pressure and temperature of 137.8 Kpa and 26C;
after admission the pressure has increased to 1200 Kpa. What should be the final temperature of the gas in the vessel in
Kelvin?
A. 321.80 B. 309.82 C. 180.67 D. 314.24
SOLUTION:
Solving for the mass of gas which is to be compressed: 101.325 Kpa, 10C and 2.83 m3
PV = mRT
101.325(2.83) = m1R(10 + 273)
m1 = 1.01325/R

Solving for the mass of gas initially contained in the vessel before admission: 137.8 Kpa, 26C and 0.31 m3
PV = mRT
137.8(0.31) = m2R(26 + 273)
m2 = 0.14286/R

Solving for the final temperature:

m3 = total mass of air after admission = m1 + m2
m3 = 1.01325/R + 0.14286/R = 1.156/R
P3V3 = m3RT3
1200(0.31) = (1.156/R)RT3
T3 = 321.80K

58. A perfect gas has a value of R = 58.8 ft-lb/lb-R and k = 1.26. If 30 Btu are added to 10 lbs of this gas at constant
volume when initial temperature is 90F, find the final temperature.
A. 99.62F B. 104.53F C. 154.76F D. 100.31F

SOLUTION:

For constant volume process, heat added formula is:

Q = m cv (t2 - t1)

Substitute:
30 = 10(0.29086)(t2 - 90)
t2 = 100.31F
59. Ammonia weighing 25 kgs is confined inside a cylinder equipped with a piston has an initial pressure of 413 Kpa at
38C. If 3200 KJ of heat is added to the ammonia until its final pressure and temperature are 413 Kpa and 100C,
respectively, what is the amount of work done by the fluid in KJ?
A. 657 B. 758 C. 820 D. 520

SOLUTION:

Since there is no change of pressure of 413 KPa in the tank after heat addition, then the process is considered as
constant pressure process. P = C

The molecular weight of ammonia NH3 is 17, then solving for R:

R = 8.3143/M = 8.3143/17 = 0.489 KJ/kg-K
From PV = mRT, then V = mRT/P

Solving for work at constant pressure in terms of temperature:

60. A tank contains 90 ft3 of air at a pressure of 350 psig; if the air is cooled until its pressure and temperature
decreases to 200 psig and 80F respectively, what is the decrease in internal energy?
A. 6132.09 Btu B. 6236.85 C. -6236.85 D. -6132.09 Btu

SOLUTION:

For constant volume process: ΔU = m cv (T2 – T1)

Converting ΔU in terms of pressure: (V1 = V2 = V)

Substitute:

62. A 4 m3/hr pump delivers water to a pressure tank. At the start, the gage reads 138 Kpa until it reads 280 Kpa and
then the pump was shut off. The volume of the tank is 180 liters. At 280 Kpa the water occupied 75% of the tank volume.
Determine the volume of water that can be taken out until the gage reads 138 Kpa.
A. 31.20 liters B. 34.59 liters C. 26.70 liters D. 29.50 liters

SOLUTION:

Consider the final volume of air at the top of the tank:

Final volume of water = 75% V = 0.75(180) = 135 liters
V2 = final volume of air = 180 – 135 = 45 liters

Since the temperature is not given when the air in tank is compressed, then the process is considered as T = C:
P1V1 = P2V2
V1 = initial volume of air
(138 + 101.325)(V1) = (280 + 101.325)(45)
V1 = 71.70 liters
Initial volume of water = 180 – 71.70 = 108.30 liters

Amount of water to be removed = Final volume water – Initial volume water

= 135 – 108.30 = 26.70 liters

63. A refrigeration plant is rated at 20 tons capacity. How many pounds of air per hour will it cool from 70 to 90F at
constant pressure.
A. 50,000 lb/hr B. 37,500 lb/hr C. 52,000 lb/hr D. 45,000 lb/hr

SOLUTION:

1 TR = 12,000 Btu/hr

For air: cp = 0.24 Btu/lb-R

m = 50,000 lb/hr
64. A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 18 and a cut-off ratio of 4. If the intake air pressure and temperature are
100 kpa and 27oC, find the work in KJ per kg.
A. 2976 B. 2166 C. 1582 (correction) D. 1685

SOLUTION:

Solving for cycle efficiency:

e = 0.5531

During isentropic compression from 1 to 2:

T1 = 27 + 273 = 300oK

Process 2 to 3 is constant pressure process:

T3 = T2 x rc = 953.301 (4) = 3813.205oK

QA = m cp (T3 - T2) = (1)( 3813.205 - 953.301) = 2860 KJ/kg

W = e(QA) = (0.55311)(2860) = 1581.87 KJ/kg --- correction

65. Determine the air-standard efficiency of an engine operating on the diesel cycle with clearance of 8% when the
suction pressure is 99.97 Kpa and the fuel is injected for 7% of the stroke. Assume K = 1.4.
A. 62.11% B. 51.20% C. 73.58% D. 59.33%

SOLUTION:

Let: V1 = initial volume

V2 = final volume after compression or clearance volume
V3 = volume after fuel injection or after heat addition

For given 8% clearance volume:

Solving for rc from 2 to 3:

Injection volume = V3 - V2 = 0.07VD
But: V2 = 0.08VD
V3 - 0.08VD = 0.07 VD
V3 = 0.15 VD

Solving for the efficiency of the cycle:

66. Steam at 2 Mpa and 250oC in a rigid cylinder is cooled until the quality is 40%. Find the heat rejected from the
cylinder.
At 2 Mpa and 250oC: (superheated) v = 0.11144 m3/kg u = 2679.6 KJ/kg --- Table 3
At 2 Mpa, (saturated): vf = 0.0011767 m3/kg, vg = 0.09963 m3/kg, uf = 906.44, ufg = 1693.8
A. -1032.23 KJ/kg B. -926.26 KJ/kg C. -1,265.02 KJ/kg D. -1,095.64 KJ/kg

SOLUTION:

For rigid cylinder, the process of steam is constant volume:

Q = (U2 - U1)

At 2 MPa and 250oC initially (superheated)

U1 = 2679.6

At 2 MPa and 250oC and 40% quality: (wet)

U2 = Uf + x Ufg = 906.44 + 0.4(1693.8) = 1583.96 KJ/kg
Q = (U2 - U1) = (1583.96 - 2679.6) = -1,095.64 KJ/kg

67. At 1.3 Mpa, mixture steam and water has an entropy of 4 KJ/kg-oK. Find the enthalpy of the mixture.
At 1.3 Mpa: sf = 2.2515, sg = 6.4953, hf = 814.93, hfg = 1972.7
A. 1,627.71 KJ/kg B. 1,533.33 KJ/kg C. 1,234.45 KJ/kg D. 1,262.40 KJ/kg

SOLUTION:

Solving for the quality of steam:

s = sf + x sfg = sf + x (sg – sf)
4 = 2.2515 + x (6.4953 - 2.2515)
x = 0.412
Solving for enthalpy:
h = hf + x hfg = 814.93 + 0.4118 (1972.7) = 1,627.71 KJ/kg

68. Mixture with 50% quality at 500 Kpa is heated isothermally until its pressure is 300 Kpa. Find the heat added during
the process.
At 500 Kpa: (wet) tsat = 151.86oC sf = 1.8607, sfg = 4.9606
At 300 Kpa and 151.86 C: (superheated)
o
s = 7.0888 KJ/kg
A. 1245.92 KJ/kg B. 1167.43 KJ/kg C. 1983.44 KJ/kg D. 765.34 KJ/kg

SOLUTION:

For isothermal process, t1 = t2

s1 = sf + x sfg = 1.8607 + 0.5(4.9606) = 4.341
s2 = 7.0888
Q = T (s2 - s1 ) = (151.86 + 273)(7.0888 – 4.341) = 1167.43 KJ/kg

69. A tank contains exactly one kilogram of water consisting of liquid and vapor in equilibrium at 1 Mpa. If the liquid
contains one-third and the remaining is vapor of the volume of the tank, what is the enthalpy of the contents of the tank?
At 1 Mpa: vf = 0.0011273 vg = 0.19444
hf = 862.81 hfg = 2115.3
A. 644.47 KJ/kg B. 774.40 KJ/kg C. 887.05 KJ/kg D. 435.29 KJ/kg

SOLUTION:

Let V = total volume of tank

mL = VL/vL = = 295.69 V

mv = Vv/vv = = 3.429 V

x = = = 0.01146

h = hf + xhfg = 862.81 + 0.01146(2115.3) = 887.05 KJ/kg

70. Water substance at 70 bar and 65C enters a boiler tube of constant inside diameter of 25 mm. The water leaves
the boiler tube at 50 bar and 700K at velocity of 142 m/s. Calculate the inlet velocity(m/sec)
From steam tables:
At 70 bar(7 Mpa) and 65C: v1 = 0.001017 m3/kg --- Table 4
At 50 bar(5 Mpa) and 700K(427C): v2 = 0.06081 m3/kg ----- Table 3
A. 2.37 B. 2.41 C. 1.67 D. 3.23

SOLUTION:
Q = AV
For continuity flow equation:
m1 = m2
Q1 / v1 = Q2 / v2

V1 = 2.37 m/sec

71. Water substance at 70 bar and 65C enters a boiler tube of constant inside diameter of 43 mm. The water leaves
the boiler tube at 50 bar and 700K at velocity of 100 m/s. Calculate the inlet volume flow(li/sec)
From steam tables:
At 70 bar(7 Mpa) and 65C: v1 = 0.001017 m3/kg
At 50 bar(5 Mpa) and 700K(427C): v2 = 0.06081 m3/kg
A. 1.821 B. 3.261 C. 0.344 D. 2.43

SOLUTION:
Q= AV
For continuity flow equation:
m1 = m2
Q1 / v1 = Q2 / v2

v1 = 1.672 m/sec
Q1 = A x v1 = [/4 (0.043)2] (1.672) = 2.43 x 10-3 m3/s
Q1 = 2.43 li/sec

72. Steam leaves an industrial boiler at 827.4 Kpa and 171.6C. A portion of the steam is passed through a throttling
calorimeter and is exhausted to the atmosphere when the calorimeter pressure is 101.4 Kpa. How much moisture does
the steam leaving the boiler contain if the temperature of the steam at the calorimeter is 115.6C?
At 827.4 Kpa (171.6C): hf = 727.25 KJ/kg, hfg = 2043.2 KJ/kg --- Table 2
From table 3: At 101.4 Kpa and 115.6C: h2 = 2687.6 KJ/kg
A. 3.88% B. 3.18% C. 4.05% D. 2.74%

SOLUTION:

Let:
x = quality of steam entering the throttling calorimeter or quality of steam line
h1 = h2 -------- throttling process
hf + xhfg = h2
727.25 + x(2043.2) = 2687.6
x = 0.9594
y = 1 - x = 1 - 0.9594 = 0.04055 = 4.05%

73. A throttling calorimeter is connected to the desuperheated steam line supplying steam to the auxiliary feed pump
on a ship. The line pressure measures 2.5 Mpa. The calorimeter pressure is 110 kpa and 150oC. Determine the entropy
of the steam line.
At 110 kpa and 150oC: h2 = 2775.6 KJ/kg ---- Table 3
At 2.5 Mpa: hf = 962.11 KJ/kg, hfg = 1841 KJ/kg, sf = 2.5547, sfg = 4.2028 --- Table 2
A. 6.7123 KJ/kg-oK B. 6.6961 KJ/kg-oK C. 6.23045 KJ/kg-oK D. 7.5976 KJ/kg-oK

SOLUTION:

For throttling process: (h1 = h2)

h1 = h2 = hf + xhfg
2775.6 = 962.11 + x (1841)
x = 0.985
s1 = sf + xsfg = 2.5547 + 0.985(4.2028) = 6.6961 KJ/kg-oK
74. Atmospheric pressure boils at 212oF. At the vacuum pressure at 24 in Hg, the temperature is 142oF. Find the boiling
temperature when the pressure is increased by 40 psia from atmospheric.
A. 449.42oF B. 526.34oF C. 479.13oF D. 263.45oF

SOLUTION:

At 14.7 psi pressure, boiling temperature is 212oF

At vacuum pressure of 24 in Hg, t = 142oF

P1 = -24(14.7/29.92) + 14.7 = 2.908 psia

At 40 psia from atmospheric:

P2 = 14.7 + 40 = 54.7 psia

54.7 psi t2
14.7 212oF
2.908 psi 142oF

By interpolation:

t2 = 449.42oF

75. A certain coal has the following ultimate analysis:

C = 69% N2 = 5% H2 = 2.5% S = 7%
Determine the amount of oxygen if the heating value of fuel is 26,871.32 KJ/kg.
A. 2.5% B. 3.5% C. 4.0% D. 4.5%

SOLUTION:

For solid fuels:

Qh = 33,820C + 144,212 + 9,304S

26,871.32 = 33,820(0.69) + 144,212( ) + 9,304(0.07)

O = 4.0 %

76. A belt connected pulleys has 10 cm diameter and 30 cm diameter. If center distance is 50 cm, determine the angle of
contact of smaller pulley.
A. 152 deg. B. 154 deg. C. 157 deg. D. 159 deg.

SOLUTION:

Solving for the angle of contact of smaller pulley:

θ = 156.93o

77. A compressor is driven by an 18 KW motor by means of V-belt. The service factor is 1.4 and the corrected
horsepower capacity of V-belt is 3.5. Determine the number of belts needed.
A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10

SOLUTION:
78. A bearing whose shaft rotates at 500 rpm, has a friction loss of 15 KW. The bearing load is 30 KN and friction of
0.14. Find the bearing diameter.
A. 136.42 mm B. 146.42 mm C. 156.42 mm D. 166.42 mm

SOLUTION:

Solving for torque transmitted:

FP = 2 π T N
15 = 2 π T (500/60)
T = 0.2864 KN.m

But:
T = F f rr = F f D/2
0.2864 = 30 (0.14)(D/2)
D = 0.13642 m = 136.42 mm
79. A heavy-duty shaft coupling is to be secured with 25 mm bolts at a distance of 150 mm from the shaft center. The
shaft transmits 4, 330 KW of power at a speed of 1200 rpm. If the allowable shearing stress for the bolts is 100 Mpa,
how many bolts are required?
A. 3 bolts B. 6 bolts C. 5 bolts D. 4 bolts

SOLUTION:

Solving for torque:

P=2πTN
4,330 = 2 π T (1200/60)
T = 34.46 KN.m

Solving for total force transmitted:

T = F . rc
34.46 = F (0.150)
F = 229.71 KN

Solving for the force applied per bolt:

Fb = Ss As = 100,000 (π/4 x 0.0252) = 49.087 KN/bolt

No. of bolts = F/Fb = 229.71/49.087 = 4.68

No. of bolts = 229.71/49.087 = 4.68 bolts or say 5 bolts

80. Find the standard distance between sprocket having 4 in and 16 in diameters.
A. 18 in B. 20 in C. 22 in D. 24 in

SOLUTION:

For standard distance formula:

C = D + d/2

C = 16 + 4/2 = 18 inches

81. A flat belt is 6 inches wide and 1/3 inch thick and transmits 15 Hp. The center distance is 8 ft. The driving pulley is
6 inches in diameter and rotates at 2000 rpm such that the loose side of the belt is on top. The driven pulley is 18
inches in diameter. The belt material is 0.035 lb/in3 and the coefficient of friction is 0.30. Determine the belt net
tension.
A. 167.56 lb B. 157.56 lb C. 156.75 lb D. 175.56 lb

SOLUTION:

Solving for torque:

P = 2 π T N/33,000
15(33,000) = 2 π T (2000)
T = 39.39 ft-lbs x 12 = 472.69 in-lbs
F=2T/D ----- driving pulley
F = (2)472.69/(6) = 157.56 lbs
82. An 18 teeth sprocket driving with 98 teeth sprocket at a center distance of 34 pitches. Find the chain length in
pitches.
A. 131 B. 136 C. 140 D. 142

SOLUTION: C --- in pitches

Using chain length formula in pitches.

84. The ratio of band tension in a band brake is 4. If angle of contact is 260 degrees, determine the coefficient of friction.
A. 0.10 B. 0.25 C. 0.305 D. 0.30

SOLUTION:

4 = ef (260 deg x π/180 deg)

f = 0.305

85. Two pulleys, 80 cm apart, carry a belt in an open belt connection. If the diameters of the pulleys are 40 cm and 15
cm, what is the length of belt needed?
A. 248.35 cm B. 348.35 cm C. 265.45 cm D. 305.35 cm

SOLUTION:

Using belt length formula:

86. A band brake has an angle of contact of 280 degrees and is to sustain a torque of 10,000 in-lbs. The band bears
against a cast iron drum of 14 in diameter. The coefficient of friction is 0.30. Find the tension at the tight side.
A. 6,501.50 lbs B. 7,501.50 lbs C. 3,501.50 lbs D. 1857.57 lbs

SOLUTION:
T = F D/2
10,000 = F (14/2)
F = 1428.57 lbs

But:
F = F1 - F2
1428.57 = F1 - F2 ------------------- 1

Therefore:
F1 = 4.33 F2 ------------------------------- 2

Substitute eqn 2 in equation 1:

1428.57 = 4.33 F2 - F2
F2 = 429 lbs
F1 = 4.33 F2 = 4.33 (429)
F1 = 1857.57 lbs
87. The angle of contact of a band clutch is 250 degrees. The cross-section of the band is 1/16 in x 1.5 in. The design
stress for the band material is 8000 psi. If the drum is 16 inch in diameter and rotates at 350 rpm, what is the power
capacity of the clutch if f = 0.40.
A. 20.50 hp B. 24.50 hp C. 27.50 hp D. 30.50 hp
SOLUTION:

F1 = 750 lbs

F1 = 5.728F2
750 = 5.728 F2
F2 = 130.94 lbs
F = F1 – F2 = 750 – 130.94 = 619.06 lbs

T = F . D/2 = 619.06 (16/12)/2

T = 412.71 ft-lbs
P = 2 π T N/33,000 = 2 π (412.71) (350)/33,000
P = 27.50 HP

88. A simple disc clutch has an outside diameter of 200 mm and inside diameter of 100 mm. The friction is 0.40 and
applied load is 1,500 N. Find the torque transmitted using uniform pressure.
A. 16.67 N.m B. 26.67 N.m C. 36.67 N.m D. 46.67 N.m

SOLUTION:

Solving for rf:

T = F f rf
T = 1,500 (0.40)(0.07778) = 46.667 N.m

89. A pulley 600 mm in diameter transmits 40 KW at 500 rpm. The arc of contact between the belt and pulley is 144o, the
coefficient of friction between belt and pulley is 0.15 and the safe working stress of the belt is 2.1 Mpa. Determine the
belt tension ratio, neglecting the effect of centrifugal force.
A. 2.41 B. 2.54 C. 1.458 D. 4.12

SOLUTION:

90. A drop hammer of 2 tons dead weight capacity is propelled downward by a 16 in diameter cylinder. At 120 psi air
pressure, what is the impact velocity if the stroke is 35 inches?
A. 63.2 fps B. 31.6 fps C. 36.34 fps D. 47.4 fps

SOLUTION:

F = equivalent force acting on dead weight due to 120 psi pressure.

F = P A = 120 (π/4 x 162) = 24,127.43 lbs

F = W(a)/g --------- reversed effective force

24,127.43 = (2 x 2,000)(a)/32.2
a = 194.225 ft/s2

Since the dead weight is freely move downward:

aT = total acceleration
aT = a + g = 194.225 + 32.2 = 226.425 ft/s2

vf2 = vo2 + 2 aT S
vf2 = 02 + 2(226.425)(35/12)
vf = 36.34 fps -------- impact velocity
91. A 5-ton weight is lowered at a constant acceleration of 4 ft/s2. What is the cable stress?
A. 12,344.34 lb B. 9,344.56 lb C. 11,751.55 lb D. 8757.76 lb

SOLUTION:

ƩFv = 0

T + FR = W

T = W - FR = W(1- a/g)

92. What is the polar moment of inertia of a 4 in solid shaft?

A. 25.13 in3 B. 12.57 in4 C. 12.57 in3 D. 25.13 in4

SOLUTION:

94. A 2 in diameter steel shaft is used to transmit 2 KN-m torque with 2 m length. Find the torsional deflection of the shaft
in degrees.
A. 3.23o B. 6.34o C. 5.34o D. 4.425o

SOLUTION:

Using G = 11.5 x 106 x 101.325/14.7 = 79,267,857 KPa

Substitute:

96. A hollow shaft carries a torque 3.4 KN-m at a shearing stress of 55 Mpa. The outside diameter is 1.25 times that of
the inside diameter. Find the inside diameter, in mm.
A. 64.87 B. 46.87 C. 84.67 D. 74.64

SOLUTION:

Do = 1.25 Di

Solving for Di using calculator technique.

Di = 0.06487 m = 64.87 mm

97. A 3 in diameter solid shaft is desired to replace a hollow shaft having 4” outside diameter. Consider the strength to
be the same , determine the inside diameter of hollow shaft.
A. 2.5 in B. 3.5 in C. 3.0 in D. 4.0 in

SOLUTION:

If solid shaft replaced with hollow shaft of the same torsional strength:

Do4 - Di4 = d3 Do

44 - Di4 = (3)3 (4)

Di = 3.49 in
98. A flange coupling having 180 mm bolt circle and 19 mm thick uses 8 bolts, 16 mm diameter to connect two shafts. It
is used to transmit 60 kw at 180 rpm.Determine the factor of safety in compression if yield point in compression
is 448 Mpa.
A. 15.6 B. 30.8 C. 18.5 D. 25.4

SOLUTION:
P= 2πTN
60 = 2 π T (180/60)
T = 3.183 KN.m

T = F . Dc/2
3.183 = F (0.180/2)
F = 35.368 KN

Fb = F/n = 35.368/8 = 4.42 KN

Solving for factor of safety:

FS = Sy/Sc = 448,000/14,539.47 = 30.81

100. It is specified that the angular deformation in a shaft should not exceed 1 degree in length of 1.8 m. The allowable
shearing stress is 83 Mpa. Determine the diameter of the shaft. The shaft material has G = 77 x 106 KPa.
A. 222.34 mm B. 234.22 mm C. 23.42 cm D. 24.22 cm

SOLUTION:
Solving for the torque:

T = 16,297.01 D3

Solving for shaft diameter:

D = 0.22248 m = 222.48 mm