Scribd
Upload
366 views5 pages

Titration Lab Report

The document describes an experiment to determine the acidity of river water samples from two sites (B and C) after a hydrochloric acid spill. A standard sodium hydroxide solution is prepared and used to titrate the river water samples through neutralization reactions. The volume of sodium hydroxide solution required to neutralize each sample is recorded. Calculations determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid in each sample is higher at Site B (0.16 mol/dm3) than at Site C (0.09 mol/dm3), indicating the river water is more acidic closer to the spill site.

Uploaded by

vai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
366 views5 pages

Titration Lab Report

The document describes an experiment to determine the acidity of river water samples from two sites (B and C) after a hydrochloric acid spill. A standard sodium hydroxide solution is prepared and used to titrate the river water samples through neutralization reactions. The volume of sodium hydroxide solution required to neutralize each sample is recorded. Calculations determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid in each sample is higher at Site B (0.16 mol/dm3) than at Site C (0.09 mol/dm3), indicating the river water is more acidic closer to the spill site.

Uploaded by

vai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

1.

Theory & Aim


There has been a leakage of Hydrochloric Acid in a river from a lorry crash. It is needed by
the scientists to find out how acidic the river has turned to. This can be done through the
process of neutralisation. To compare results, samples from two different sites in the river is
used (Site B and Site C). When an acid such as hydrochloric acid dissolves in water, it fully
dissociates due to its acidity. Acids can be neutralised by substances called bases A base
solution such as Sodium Hydroxide solution can be used to neutralise the dissociated
hydrogen and chlorine ions since it also contains fully dissociated sodium and hydroxide
ions. This reacts to form a salt, sodium chloride, and water. The concentration of acid
dissolved in the river water can be found by performing titration with a known volume and
concentration of an alkali (soluble base).

2. Materials, Methods & Safety


In this experiment, a standard solution of sodium hydroxide must be made first. Using a top
pan balance, accurately measure 1.00g of sodium hydroxide. Always remember to use tare
mass to avoid mistakes. Transfer the measured mass of sodium hydroxide to a beaker. To
prepare the standard solution, dissolve the sodium hydroxide in the beaker with distilled
water. Rinse a volumetric flask of 250cm3, then use a funnel to transfer the dissolved sodium
hydroxide to it. Also rinse the beaker afterwards and pour it into the volumetric flask so all
particles of the sodium hydroxide goes into it. Now, make up the solution to exactly
250.0cm3.
For accuracy, use a pipette when the lower meniscus almost reaches the 250cm line. This is
the known volume.

The next step in the experiment is to calculate the concentration of the alkali solution; that is
the standard solution of sodium hydroxide that was prepared. Concentration of a solution is
calculated by dividing number of moles of the substance in the solution by its volume. In this
experiment, the number of moles of sodium hydroxide is divided by its volume which is
250cm3. To calculate for number of moles, the mass of the substance and its molar mass is
needed.
Element Relative Atomic Mass
(g mol-1)
Sodium (Na) 23
Oxygen (O) 16
Hydrogen (H) 1
Total (NaOH) 40

Hence, the Molar Mass of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) = 40.0 g mol-1

Amount of substance (number of moles) = Mass / Molar Mass


= 1.00g / 40.0g mol-1
= 0.0250

Amount of substance, n (mol) = concentration, c (mol dm-3) * volume, v (dm3)


Using change of subject;
Concentration, c (mol dm-3) = amount of substance, n (mol) / volume, v (dm3)
Converting 250cm3 to dm3 – 250/1000 = 0.250dm3
Hence c (mol dm-3) = 0.0250 / 0.250dm3 = 0.1 mol dm-3
Concentration of NaOH = 0l.1 mol dm-3

To prepare for the titration, first a pipette with distilled water and then with sodium hydroxide
solution. Ensure the insides of the pipette is fully rinsed before emptying into the waste
beaker. A known volume of the standard solution of sodium hydroxide is going to be use in
the titration experiment, hence accurately measure using the pipette and transfer 25cm 3 into
the flask. Be careful to line up the lower meniscus with the mark.
Now, a burette is needed to be set up. Rinse the burette with distilled water and fill it up with
the sample from Site B.
Some measure to ensure while performing the experiment:
- The top of the burette should be below eye level
- Make sure to use distilled water while rinsing
- Rinse the burette with the sample after rinsing with water
- Close the tap of the burette while filling it
- Use a funnel to fill it
- Remove the funnel immediately to avoid addition of droplets of the solution into the
beaker
After making sure the solution is in level with the 0 mark and eye level is also in its line,
the titration process can be started. In the full titration experiment, a trial titration needs to
be performed, before performing the 1st and 2nd accurate titration. A trial titration is done
to get a fair idea of roughly how much of the standard solution is needed to neutralise the
site sample. An indicator such us phenolphthalein is added to the flask with the standard
solution of sodium hydroxide to show the point of neutralisation.
Steps in titration:
- Read the initial volume in the burette and record the value in
a table. Make sure to take readings in two decimal places and
rounded off to the nearest 1/10 or 5/100.
- Add the sample from the burette until the point at which the
solution in the flask becomes colourless.
- Read the final reading and record the value in the table
- By subtracting the initial volume from the final volume,
calculate the total volume used in the experiment.
Shutterstock.com
After performing the trial titration, perform the 1st accurate titration. This time, extra care
s needed to be taken. Ensure to complete the titration by adding the solution dropwise
when getting close to the point to neutralisation. Perform the 2nd accurate titration with
giving equal carefulness.
Calculate the average volume used from the 1 st and 2nd accurate titration. Do not include
results from the trial titration.
Repeat the exact titration process with sample from Site C. Remember to record values to
2 decimal places.

3. Results
The following two tables shows the results from the three titrations done with both samples
form site B and site C.
Titration Results of Sample from Site B (Tab 1)
Trial 1st Accurate Titration 2nd Accurate Titration

Final reading (cm3) 23.20 27.45 24.95


Initial reading (cm3) 8.60 11.55 9.05
Volume (cm3) 14.60 15.90 15.90
Average volume 15.90
added (cm3)

Titration Results of Sample from Site C (Tab 2)


Site C Sample Trial 1st Accurate Titration 2nd Accurate Titration

Final reading (cm3) 37.10 36.40 37.15


Initial reading (cm3) 9.40 8.80 9.45
Volume (cm3) 27.70 26.65 27.70
Average volume 27.68
added (cm3)
Samples from Site B and Site C were tested. The amount of the samples needed to neutralise
a standard solution of sodium hydroxide was found by performing titration experiments. In
the first titration, where sample from Site B was used, 15.90cm3 was needed to neutralise the
sodium hydroxide solution. Whereas 27.68cm3 was needed to neutralise the standard
solution. About almost double of the sample from Site B was needed when titrating with
sample from Site C.

4. Discussion, Interpretations & Conclusions


The equation for the titration experiment performed is…

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

The mole ratio of NaOH : HCl = 1 : 1


The number of moles of NaOH (250cm3) was calculated before performing the titration
experiment, which was found to be 0.025 mol; hence number of moles of NaOH in 25cm 3 is
0.0025 mol.
NaOH HCl

Mole Ratio 1 1

No. of Moles 0.0025 x


(mol)

X = (1/1)*0.0025 = 0.0025
Therefore, number of moles of hydrochloric acid needed to neutralise 0.0025 mol of sodium
hydroxide is equal to 0.0025.
The volume of the samples used were found and now their concentrations need to be found to
make comparison easier.
Concentration = number of moles/ volume
Concentration of HCl in sample from Site B = 0.0025/(15.90/1000) = 0.16 mol dm-3
Concentration of HCl in sample from Site C = 0.0025/(27.68/1000) = 0.09 mol dm-3
From the calculations, Site B is much more concentrated than Site C, hence more of the
sample from site C was needed to neutralise the solution of sodium hydroxide.

5. References

Illustration 1. - https://practical-chemistry.com
Illustration 2. – https://shutterstock.com

You might also like