2018 Sec 4 A Math SA2 School of Science and Technology
2018 Sec 4 A Math SA2 School of Science and Technology
2018 Sec 4 A Math SA2 School of Science and Technology
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SECONDARY 4
2018 Preliminary Examinations
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
Paper 1 4047/1
10 September 2018 (Monday) 2 hours
CANDIDATE Solutions
NAME
CLASS INDEX
NUMBER
Quadratic Equation
For the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ,
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
€
Binomial Expansion
" n% " n% " n%
( a + b ) n = an + $ 1' €an −1 b + $ 2' an −2 b2 + ...+ $ r ' an −r br + ...+ bn
# & # & # &
" n% n! n ( n −1) ... ( n − r +1)
where n is a positive integer and $ ' = =
# r & r! ( n − r)! r!
€
€ 2. TRIGONOMETRY
€
Identities
sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1
sec 2 A = 1+ tan 2 A
cosec 2 A = 1+ cot 2 A
( )
sin A ± B = sin Acos B ± cos Asin B
cos ( A ± B) = cos Acos B sin Asin B
€
tan A ± tan B
tan ( A ± B) =
1 tan Atan B
sin 2A = 2sin Acos A
cos 2A = cos 2 A − sin 2 A = 2cos 2 A −1 = 1− 2sin 2 A
2 tan A
tan 2A =
1− tan 2 A
1
Δ = ab sin C
2
Page 2 of 7
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1. Given that a = 2 − 3 , find the value of a 2 , leaving your answer in exact
form. Hence, or otherwise, and without the use of a calculator, find the exact
value of 2a 4 − 16a 2 + 5 . [3]
dy
2. A curve, for which = kx 2 − 8 , has a gradient of – 4 at x = 2.
dx
(i) State the value of k. [1]
(ii) You were going through your old notes and happen to come across the
following graph sketched on a piece of paper. It brought back some
memories of your time in SST because you had to draw that graph in a
Mathematics quiz. However, the equation of the function is missing
from the graph. You decided to complete the equation before putting
the graph back into the pile.
5
Given that the y-intercept of the graph is and that the equation is of
3
k
the curve is of the form y = + c , where h, k, c are constants
( x−h )
that need to be determined, find the value of h, of k and of c. [3]
Page 3 of 7
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2x 2 + x +1
4. Express in partial fractions. [5]
( )(
x +1 x − 2 )
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
(i) Find the quadratic equation whose roots are ⎜ α + ⎟ and ⎜ β + . [4]
⎝ 2β ⎠ ⎝ 2α ⎟⎠
Page 4 of 7
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8. C
G
D
E
A B
O
Page 5 of 7
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10. A piece of wire of length 680m is bent to form an enclosure consisting of a
trapezium ABCD and a quadrant ADE with AB = y m , DE = x m and
BCˆD = 45° .
A ym B
E xm C
D
(ii) Find the value of x, correct to 2 decimal places, for which there is a
stationary value for A and determine whether it is a maximum or a
minimum. [5]
11. A particle starts from a point O and moves in a straight line so that its velocity,
v m/s, is given by v = (3t + 5)(t − 5) where t is the time in seconds after
leaving O.
Find,
(ii) the time when the particle passes through O again, [3]
(iv) the time interval during which the velocity is decreasing. [2]
Page 6 of 7
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12.
y
(1,1)
x=3
O Q
1
In the diagram above the line PQ is normal to the curve y = at the
(2 x − 1) 3
⎛ 3 1⎞
point P⎜ , ⎟ .
⎝ 2 8⎠
1
(ii) Find the area bounded by the line PQ, the curve y =
(2 x − 1) 3
[5]
and the line x = 3.
END OF PAPER
Page 7 of 7
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[1 m]
SECONDARY 4
2018 Preliminary Examinations
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
Paper 2 4047/2
CLASS INDEX
NUMBER
You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. Q11 13
Q12 13
At the end of the examination, fasten all your answer scripts securely
together. Total /100
Quadratic Equation
For the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ,
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
€
Binomial Expansion
" n% " n% " n%
( a + b ) n = an + $ 1' an −1 b€+ $ 2' an −2 b2 + ...+ $ r ' an −r br + ...+ bn
# & # & # &
" n% n! n ( n −1) ... ( n − r +1)
where n is a positive integer and $ ' = =
# r & r! ( n − r)! r!
€
€ 2. TRIGONOMETRY
€
Identities
sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1
sec 2 A = 1+ tan 2 A
cosec 2 A = 1+ cot 2 A
( )
sin A ± B = sin Acos B ± cos Asin B
cos ( A ± B) = cos Acos B sin Asin B
€
tan A ± tan B
tan ( A ± B) =
1 tan Atan B
sin 2A = 2sin Acos A
cos 2A = cos 2 A − sin 2 A = 2cos 2 A −1 = 1− 2sin 2 A
2 tan A
tan 2A =
1− tan 2 A
1
Δ = ab sin C
2
[Turn over
1 Find the value of the constant k for which y = x 2e1−2 x is a solution of the equation
d2y 2y ⎛ dy ⎞
− = k ⎜ + y ⎟.
dx 2 x 2 ⎝ dx ⎠
[4]
Solution
y = x 2e1−2 x
dy
= x 2 (−2e1−2 x ) + e1−2 x (2x)
dx
= −2x 2e1−2 x + 2xe1−2 x
2y
= −2 y + 2xe!1−2 x = −2 y +
x
2
d y dy
2
= −2 + 2x(−2e1−2 x ) + 2e1−2 x
dx dx
dy
= −2 − 4xe1−2 x + 2e1−2 x
dx
dy 4 y 2 y
= −2 − +
dx x x 2
d2y 2y
−
dx 2 x 2
dy 4 y
= −2 −
dx x
dy dy
= −2 − 2( + 2 y)
dx dx
dy
= −4 − 4 y
dx
dy
= −4( + y)
dx
k = -4
[Turn over
d ln x
2 (i) Find ( ). [2]
dx x
Solution
d ln x
( )
dx x
1
x( ) − ln x
= x 2
x
1− ln x
=
x2
ln x
(ii)Hence find ∫ dx.
x2 [3]
Solution
From (i),
1− ln x ln x
∫ x 2 dx = x + C
1 ln x ln x
∫ x 2 dx − ∫ x 2 dx = x + C
1 ln x ln x
− − ∫ 2
dx = +C
x x x
ln x −1 ln x
∫ 2
dx = − +D
x x x
ln x
The curve y = f(x) is such that f(x) = , for x > 0 .
x
(iii) Explain why the curve y = f(x) has only one stationary point. [1]
Solution
ln x
f(x) =
x
1− ln x
f ’(x) =
x2
For stationary point to exist, f ’(x) = 0
1 – ln x = 0
ln x = 1
x=e
For x > 0, y = f(x) has only 1 stationary point at x = e.
[Turn over
3 The expression 2x 3 + ax 2 + bx − 35 , where a and b are constants, has a factor of
2x – 7 and leaves a remainder of -36 when divided by x + 1.
(ii) Using the values of a and b found in part (i), explain why the equation
2x 3 + ax 2 + bx − 35 = 0 has only one real root. [2]
Solution
(i)
f (x) = 2x 3 + ax 2 + bx − 35
7
f ( )=0
2
7 7 7
2( )3 + a( ) 2 + b( ) − 35 = 0
2 2 2
343 49 7b
+ a + − 35 = 0
4 4 2
49a 7b −203
+ =
4 2 4
49a +14b = −203− − − − − − − (1)
f (−1) = −36
2(−1)3 + a(−1) 2 + b(−1) − 35 = −36
−2 + a − b − 35 = −36
a − b = 1− − − − − − − − − − − −(2)
49(1+ b) +14b = −203
49 + 63b = −203
63b = −252
b = −4
a = b +1 = −4 +1 = −3
(ii) 2x 3 − 3x 2 − 4x − 35 = 0
2x 3 + ax 2 + bx − 35 = (2x − 7)(x 2 + 2x + 5) = 0
2 2
For x + 2x + 5 , since (2) − 4(1)(20) < 0 and the coefficient of x2 is always
2
positive, x + 2x + 5 is always positive.
4 As part of his job in a restaurant, John learned to cook a hot pot of soup
late at night so that there would be enough for sale the next day. While refrigeration
was essential to preserve the soup overnight, the soup was too hot to be put directly
in the refrigerator when it was ready at 100 °C . The soup subsequently cools in such
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a way that its temperature, x °C after t minutes, is given by the expression
x = 20 + Ae −kt , where A and k are constants.
Solution
Since the soup is ready at 100 °C initially,
At t = 0, x = 20 + Ae 0 = 100
A = 80
(iii) Deduce the temperature of the soup if it is left unattended for a long period
of time, giving a reason for your answer. [1]
Solution
For x = 20 + 80e −kt , as 𝑡 → ∞, 𝑒 !!" → 0
Temperature of the soup approaches 20 °C
if it is left unattended for a long period of time.
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4 (iv) For the soup to be refrigerated, its temperature should be less than 35 °C .
What is the shortest possible time, correct to the nearest minute that John
has to wait before he can refrigerate the soup? [2]
Solution
38
ln
−( 80 )t
20 + 80e −15
= 35
38
ln
80 t
80e 15
= 15
38
ln
80 t
15
e 15
=
80
38
ln
80 t = ln 15
15 80
t = 33.7
Shortest possible time = 34 minutes
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16
5 (b) A particle moves along the curve y = in such a way that the
(3− 4x) 2
y-coordinate of the particle is increasing at a constant rate of 0.03 units per second.
Find the exact y-coordinate of the particle at the instant that the x-coordinate of the
particle is decreasing at 0.12 units per second. [4]
Solution
16
y= = 16(4 − 4x)−2
(3− 4x) 2
dy 128
= −32(3− 4x)−3 (−4) =
dx (3− 4x)3
dy
= 0.03
dt
dy dy dx
= x
dt dx dt
128
0.03 = (−0.12)
(3− 4x)3
(3− 4x)3 = −512
3− 4x = −8
−4x = −11
11
x=
4
16 1
y= =
11 4
(3− 4( )) 2
4
𝑑𝑦
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6 (a) (i) Sketch the graph of y = 10 x . [1]
4x 3
(ii) Given that x+2
= x , find the value of 10 x . [2]
2 5
Solution
(i)
y
4x 3
(ii) x+2
= x
2 5
22 x 3
x+2
= x
2 5
2 x−( x+2) x
2 5 =3
2 x−25x = 3
2x x
(5 ) = 3
4
10 x = 12
(b) Solve the equation log 2 5x +1 + 2log 9 3 = log 4 (2x − 3) + log 3 27 . [5]
Solution
log 2 5x +1 + 2log 9 3 = log 4 (2x − 3) + log 3 27
log 2 5x +1 = log 4 (2x − 3) + 3−1
l og 2 (2x − 3)
log 2 5x +1 = 2
+ log 2 22
log 2 2
1
[Turn over
7 The population of a herd of deer can be modelled by the function
!
D = 400 + 40sin ( ! 𝑡), where D is the deer population in week t of the
year for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 24.
!
(iv) sketch the function D = 400 + 40sin ( 𝑡) for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 24. [2]
!
(v) estimate the number of weeks for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 24 that the population is greater than
420. [3]
Solution
!
(i) D = 400 + 40sin ( 𝑡) for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 24
!
Amplitude = 40
!!
(ii) Period = ! =12
!
(iii) Maximum D = 400 + 40 = 440
Minimum D = 400 – 40 = 360
(iv)
440
400
360
0 12 24
!
(v) 400 + 40sin ( 𝑡) = 420
!
[Turn over
!
40sin( 𝑡)=20
!
!
sin( 𝑡)=0.5
!
!
Basic angle =
!
𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 13𝜋 17𝜋
𝑡= , , ,
6 6 6 6 6
t = 1, 5, 13, 17
No of weeks = (5-1) + (17-13) = 8
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8
y
C (3k, 5k+10)
D (-2, 4)
x
O
A (6, 0)
The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD in which A is (6, 0), C is (3k, 5k + 10)
and D is (-2, 4). The equation of line AB is y = 2x - 12 and angle ADC = 90°.
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(ii) the coordinates of B, [4]
Solution
6 − 2 24
Midpoint of line CD = ( , ) = (2, 12)
2 2
1
Gradient of perpendicular bisector of CD = −
2
Equation of perpendicular bisector of CD:
−1
y −12 = (x − 2)
2
1
y = − x +13
2
To find intersection point between equation of line AB with perpendicular bisector
of CD: solve simultaneously
1
y = − x +13
2
y = 2x −12
1
− x +13 = 2x −12
2
2.5x = 25
x = 10,
y =8
B = (10, 8)
Solution
Area of ABCD
! 6 10 6 −2 6
=
! 0 8 20 4 0
!
= 48 + 200 + 24 − (48 − 40 + 24)
!
=120 units2
[Turn over
9 (a) The first three terms in the binomial expansion of (1+ px) n are 1− 48x + 960x 2 .
Find the value of p and of n. [4]
Solution
! n n n
1 + 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑝𝑥 ! + 𝑝𝑥 ! + 𝑝𝑥 !
+⋯
0 1 2
!(!!!) ! !
= 1 + 𝑛𝑝𝑥 + 𝑝 𝑥 +⋯
!
Comparing coefficients of
x ------- np = −48
n(n −1) 2
x2 ------- p = 960
2
−48
Solving by substitution: p =
n
n(n −1) −48 2
( ) = 960
2 n
n −1 5
=
n 6
6 n− 6 = 5n
n=6
−48
p= = −8
6
8
⎛ a⎞
(b) In the expansion of ⎜ 2x 2 + ⎟ , where a is a non-zero real number, the ratio of the coefficient
⎝ x⎠
rd th
of the 3 term to that of the 5 term is 5 : 2.
[Turn over
8
⎛ a⎞
(ii) Explain whether the term independent of x exists for the expansion of ⎜ 2x 2 + ⎟ . [2]
⎝ x⎠
Solution
For term independent of x, power of x = 0
Considering the terms in x of the general term,
(x 2 )8−r (x)−r = x16−3r
!"
Supposing 16 – 3r = 0, 𝑟 = (not a positive integer/whole number)
!
Term independent of x does not exist.
10 T (-1, 8)
C(0, q)
B (1, 0) x
A (p, 0) O
Solution
The curve is symmetrical about the line x = -1.
x-coord of A = p = -1 -2 = -3
[Turn over
(ii) Determine the value of each of a, b, c and q. [4]
Solution
𝑦 = 𝑚(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)
At x = -1, y =8
8 = |m(2)(-2)|
m = 2 or -2
For y =| ax 2 + bx + c | where a < 0, a = -2
y =| −2x 2 + bx + c |
−2x 2 + bx + c
= −2(x −1)(x + 3)
= −2(x 2 + 2x − 3)
b = -4, c = 6
At x = 0, y =6. Therefore q = 6.
(iii) State the set of values of r for which the line y = r intersects the curve
y =| ax 2 + bx + c | at four distinct points. [1]
Solution
0<r<8
(iv) In the case where r = 2, find the exact x-coordinates of all points of intersection of the
line y = r and the curve y =| ax 2 + bx + c | . [4]
Solution
Line: y = 2
Curve: y =| −2x 2 − 4x + 6 |
−2x 2 − 4x + 6 = 2 −2x 2 − 4x + 6 = −2
2x 2 + 4x − 4 = 0 or 2x 2 + 4x − 8 = 0
x 2 + 2x − 2 = 0 x 2 + 2x − 4 = 0
!!± !! !!(!)(!!) !!± !! !!(!)(!!)
𝑥= or 𝑥 =
!(!) !(!)
!!± !" !!± !"
𝑥= or 𝑥 =
! !
𝑥 = −1 ± 3 𝑥 = −1 ± 5
[Turn over
11
A M B
8m
D P
5m C
The diagram shows a circular garden. A farmer decides to fence part of the garden.
He puts fences around the perimeter ABCD such that BC = 8 m, CD = 5 m,
angle DAB = 900 and angle ABC = 𝜃 where 0! < 𝜃 < 90! .
[Turn over
(ii) Show that L m, the length of fencing needed for perimeter ABCD, is given by
L = 13+ 3cosθ +13sin θ . [2]
Solution
D
!"
cosθ =
!
𝐶𝑃 = 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
5
𝑀𝑃 = 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = AD
C 𝜃 P
Perimeter ABCD
= 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 8𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 8 + 5 + 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= 13 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 13𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
(iii) Express L in the form 13+ Rcos(θ − α ) where R > 0 and 𝛼 is an acute angle. [4]
Solution
!"
𝐿 = 13 + 3! + 13! cos(θ − α) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 =
!
= 13 + 178cos (𝜃 − 77.0∘ ) 𝛼 = 77.0∘
(iv) Given that the farmer uses exactly 26.2 m of fencing, find the possible values of 𝜃.[3]
Solution
13 + 178 cos 𝜃 − 77.0∘ = 26.2
178 cos 𝜃 − 77.0∘ = 13.2
13.2
cos 𝜃 − 77.0∘ =
178
Basic Angle = 8.4∘
𝜃 − 77.0∘ = 8.4∘ , −8.4∘
𝜃 = 85.4∘ , 68.6∘
[Turn over
12 (a) It is given that ∫ f (x)dx = k cos2x − sin 3x + c , where c is a constant of integration,
π
6
1
and that ∫ f (x) dx = .
0 3
2
(i) Show that k = −2 . [1]
3
Solution
!
1
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 !
! =
3
𝜋 𝜋 1
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠0 =
3 2 3
k 1
−1− k =
2 3
k 4
− =
2 3
8 2
k = − = −2
3 3
Solution
d 2
f (x) = (−2 cos 2x − sin 3x)
dx 3
2
= −2 (−2sin 2x) − 3cos3x
3
16
= sin 2x − 3cos3x
3
[Turn over
(b) A curve has the equation y = g(x), where g(x) = 2sin 2 x − sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
(i) Find the x-coordinates of the stationary points of the curve. [3]
Solutions
y = 2sin 2 x − sin 2x
dy
= 4sin x cos x − 2cos 2x = 0
dx
2sin 2x − 2cos 2x = 0
sin 2x = cos 2x
tan 2x = 1
π
Basic Angle =
4
π 5π
2x = ,
4 4
π 5π
x= ,
8 8
(ii) Use the second derivative test to determine the nature of each of these points.[3]
Solution
d2y
= 4cos 2x − 2(−2sin 2x)
dx 2
= 4cos 2x + 4sin 2x
π
At x = ,
8
2
d y π π
2
= 4cos + 4sin > 0
dx 4 4
π
Minimum point at x = .
8
5π
At x = ,
8
d2y 10π 10π
2
= 4cos + 4sin <0
dx 8 8
5π
Maximum point at x = .
8
[Turn over
2
(iii) Given that ∫ g(x)dx = ax + bsin x cos x + cos x + k, where k is a constant of
integration, find the value of a and of b. [4]
Solutions
2sin! x − sin2x dx
= 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
!"#!! !"#!!
=𝑥− + +𝐶
! !
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝑥 − 1
=𝑥− + +𝐶
2 2
!
= 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝑥 − + 𝐶
!
a = 1, b = -1
END OF PAPER
[Turn over