EC301 Linear IC Applications PCC 3-0-0 3 Credits

Pre-requisites: None

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to:
CO1 Design op-amp circuits to perform arithmetic operations.

CO2 Analyze and design linear and non-linear applications using op-amps.

CO3 Analyze and design oscillators and filters using functional ICs.

CO4 Choose appropriate A/D and D/A converters for signal processing applications.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes:

PSO1

PSO2
PO10

PO11

PO12
PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9
PO
CO
CO1 2 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO2 2 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO3 1 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO4 1 2 - - 2 - - - - - - 2 2 2

Detailed Syllabus:

INTRODUCTION TO OP-AMPS: ideal Characteristics, Pin configuration of 741 op-amp. Bias,

offsets and drift, bandwidth and slew rate. Offset and Frequency compensation. Exercise problems.
Practical op amps, Basic building blocks: Current sources and active loads

LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR APPLICATIONS OF OP-AMPS: Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers

and their analysis, Applications: inverting and non- inverting summers, difference amplifier,
differentiator and integrator, Voltage to current converter, Exercise problems. Instrumentation
amplifier, Log and antilog amplifiers. Precision rectifier, Non-linear function generator, solving
differential equations using analog computing blocks. Analog IC Multipliers and applications
Comparators, regenerative comparators, input - output Characteristics, Astable and Monostable
multi vibrator, Triangular wave- generators, RC-phase shift oscillator, Wein’s bridge oscillator

ACTIVE FILTERS: Low pass, High pass, Band pass and Band Reject filters, Butterworth, Chebychev
filters, Different first and second order filter Topologies, Frequency Transformation.

TIMERS & PHASE LOCKED LOOPS: 555 Timer functional diagram, monostable and astable
operation, applications. PLL- basic block diagram and operation, capture range and lock range;
applications of PLL IC 565, AM detection, FM detection and FSK demodulation. VCO IC 566.

106
IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS: Series op amp regulator, three terminal IC voltage regulator exercise
problems. IC 723 general purpose regulator, Switching Regulator.

DIGITAL TO ANALOG AND ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS: Weighted resistor DAC, R-2R
and inverted R-2R DAC. IC DAC-08. Counter type ADC, successive approximation ADC, Flash ADC,
dual slope ADC, 1-bit converters, sigma-Delta ADC. DAC and ADC Specifications, Specifications of
AD 574 (12 bit ADC).

Reading:
1. G B Clayton, Operational Amplifiers, 5th Edition, Elsevier science, 2003
2. Sergio Franco, Design With Operational Amplifier and Analog Integrated Circuits, 4th Edition,
TMH, 2011.
3. Roy Choudary D. and Shail B. Jain, Linear Integrated circuits, 4th Edition, New Age
International Publishers, 2010
4. Ramakant A.Gayakward, Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, 4th Edition, PHI, 2010.

107
 EC302 Analog and Digital Communications PCC 3-0-0 3 Credits

Pre-requisites: EC202-Signals and Systems

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to:

CO1 Compare the performance of AM, FM schemes

CO2 Model a Digital Communication System

CO3 Convert Analog signal to Digital Signal

CO4 Compare different digital modulation schemes.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes:

PSO1

PSO2
PO10

PO11

PO12
PO2

PO4
PO1

PO3

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9
PO
CO

CO1 2 2 - - 2 - - - - - - - 2 -
CO2 - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 2 2
CO3 - 1 - - 3 - - - - - - - 2 -
CO4 - 1 - - 3 - - - - - - 1 2 -

Detailed Syllabus:

INTRODUCTION: Introduction to communication system, Communication Channels, Need for

modulation, Analog vs Digital, Review of Signals and Systems.

AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Definition, Time domain and frequency domain description - AM, DSB-
SC, single tone modulation, power relations in AM waves, Generation of AM waves (square law,
Switching), Envelop detector, Generation of DSBSC Waves (Balanced, Ring), Coherent detection of
DSB-SC Modulated waves, COSTAS Loop.

SSB MODULATION: Time domain, Frequency domain description, Frequency discrimination,

Demodulation of SSB Waves, Frequency Division Multiplexing, Vestigial side band modulation- Time
domain, Frequency description, Envelope detection of a VSB Wave pulse Carrier, Comparison of
AM Techniques, Applications of different AM Systems.

ANGLE MODULATION: Basic concepts, Frequency Modulation: Single tone frequency modulation,
Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Constant Average
Power, Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave – Generation and Demodulation of FM Waves;
Comparison of FM and AM, Super heterodyne Receiver.

108
PULSE MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Pulse Analog and Pulse Digital Modulation Schemes–Pulse
Amplitude Modulation, Pulse width modulation, PPM, TDM, Pulse Code Modulation, Differential
PCM systems (DPCM), Delta modulation, adaptive Delta modulation, comparison of PCM and DM
systems, noise in PCM and DM systems.

DETECTION AND ESTIMATION: Model of Digital Communication Systems, Gram-Schmidt

Orthogonalization, Geometric interpretation of signals, detection of known signals in noise,
probability of error, matched filter receiver, correlation receiver

BASE BAND SHAPING FOR DATA TRANSMISSION: Requirements of a line encoding format,
various line encoding formats- Unipolar, Polar, Bipolar, Discrete PAM signals, Inter symbol
interference, Nyquist’s criterion, Raised cosine filter, Eye pattern.

DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Digital Modulation formats, Coherent binary modulation

techniques (BPSK, BFSK), Coherent quadrature modulation techniques (QPSK), Non-Coherent
binary modulation techniques (DPSK), QAM, M-ary modulation techniques (PSK, FSK, QAM),
Comparison of M-ary digital modulation techniques, power spectra, bandwidth efficiency; BER for
BPSK

Reading:
1. S. Haykin,"Communication Systems", John Wiley and Sons, 2001
2. B.P. Lathi, “Modern Digital & Analog Communications Systems”, Oxford University Press
3. J. G. Proakis, M. Salehi, "Communication Systems Engineering", Pearson Education, 2002
4. H. Taub, D.L. Schilling, "Principles of Communication Systems", Tata McGraw Hill, 2001
5. Behrouz A. Forouzan, "Data communication and Networking", Tata McGraw Hill, 2007
6. Leon W.Couch II., Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 6 th Edition, Pearson
Education Inc., New Delhi, 2001.
7. A Bruce Carlson, PB Crilly, JC Rutledge, Communication Systems, 4 th Edition, McGraw Hill
New York, 2002.

109
 EC303 CMOS VLSI Design PCC 3-0-0 3 Credits

Pre-requisites: None

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to:

CO1 Explain the fabrication, operation and characteristics MOSFET

CO2 Analyze the performance of CMOS inverter
CO3 Design digital circuits using CMOS gates
CO4 Design analog circuits using CMOS gates
CO5 Outline the latest trends in CMOS technology

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes:

PSO1

PSO2
PO10

PO11

PO12
PO2

PO4
PO1

PO3

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9
PO
CO
CO1 3 1 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 -
CO2 3 2 3 - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO4 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO5 1 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 2

Detailed Syllabus:

INTRODUCTION to MOSFETs: Unit process steps of CMOS technology, Fabrication process flow:
NMOS, PMOS, Twin well CMOS; Structure and operation of the MOS transistor, I-V and C-V
characteristics, MOSFET capacitances, layout, design rules, Scaling and Short channel effects.

MOS INVERTERS: Inverters with resistive, MOSFET load; CMOS inverter: Voltage transfer
characteristics, Noise margins, switching characteristics, calculation of delay times; effect of load on
switching characteristics and driving large loads, logical effort of paths

Digital circuits using CMOS: Pseudo NMOS, Pass transistor, transmission gates, Dynamic logic,
Domino logic, Differential cascode voltage switch logic, design of combinational circuits, design of
sequential circuits, timing requirements.

Analog circuits: Second order effects in MOSFETs. Single stage Amplifiers: Common-source
stage, Source follower, Common-gate, Cascode stage, Differential Amplifiers, Passive and Active
current mirrors, CMOS operational amplifier, gain boosting techniques.

Trends in CMOS technology: SOI, FinFET and multi-gate FET, 2D materials based FETs, On-chip
interconnects.

110
Reading:
1. Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf Leblebici Chulwoo kim, Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and
Design, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill Education, 2016.
2. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, 2 nd Edition, McGraw Hill
Education, 2016.
3. Jan M RABAEY, Digital Integrated Circuits, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
4. Neil H.E. Weste and David Harris, CMOS VLSI Design: A circuits and systems perspective,
4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2015.

111
 EC304 Antennas and Propagation PCC 3-0-0 3 Credits

Pre-requisites: None

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to:
Analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation in guiding structures under various
CO1 matching conditions.

Provide an understanding of antenna radiating principle and discuss the fundamental

CO2 characteristics and parameters of antennas.

Develop the performance characteristics of antennas arrays, its operating principles,

CO3 methods and concepts to design

CO4 Measure the antenna parameters

CO5 Understand the behavior of nature on EM wave propagation

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes:

PSO1

PSO2
PO10

PO11

PO12
PO2

PO4
PO1

PO3

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO PO9
CO
CO1 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 -
CO2 3 - - - - - 2 - - - - - 2 -
CO3 - 2 - - - 1 1 - - - - - 2 2
CO4 - - 2 - - 1 - - - - - - 2 2
CO5 3 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - 2 -

Detailed Syllabus:
Review of electromagnetic fields
Guided waves: Waves between parallel planes, TE and TM waves, characteristics of TE and TM
waves, TEM waves, Velocities of propagation, Wave Impedance.
Wave guides: Rectangular wave-guides, TE & TM modes in wave-guides, Wave Impedance in
rectangular waveguides.

Antenna Fundamentals: Introduction to antennas & its significance, Scalar electric potential, vector
magnetic potential, radiation from an alternating current element, Induction field, radiation field,
power radiated by a current element, Definition of electric dipole, radiation by a half wave dipole.
Power by a half wave dipole & its radiation resistance, Radiation from a quarter wave monopole
Power radiation and radiation resistance of dipole & monopole (approximate analysis), Radiation
resistance of aerials and loop, problems Isotropic radiator, network theorem, application of network
theorem to antennas.

112
Antenna Parameters: Radiation pattern, power pattern, field pattern Radiation intensity, Antenna
impedance, mutual impedance, gain and directivity, bandwidth, Polarization, efficiency, effective
length, area or aperture, scattering loss, Collecting aperture, physical aperture---relation between
large aperture and gain Effective aperture of a small elementary dipole, half wave antenna, effective
length, front to back ratio, Antenna beam width and side lobes. Friss Transmission formula, Radar
range equation.

Design of Arrays: N-element linear array- broadside array, End fire array, multiplication of patterns
Effect of earth on vertical pattern mutual impedance effects, Binomial arrays, problem solving.

Practical antennas: VLF, LF, MF transmitting antennas, resonant & non resonant antennas, V
antenna, travelling wave antenna, Rhombic antenna, VHF &UHF antennas, horn antenna Folded
dipole & Yagi-Uda antenna, Parabolic reflector antenna,, Corner reflector, Parabolic reflector
antenna, Micro strip Antennas.

Antenna impedance measurements: Radiation pattern measurements Measurement of antenna

beam width and gain, Polarization measurements. Measurement of radiation resistance.
Wave Propagation: Types of wave propagation, space wave propagation and line of sight distance
for flat and curved surfaces.

Reading:
1. E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain, Electromagnetic waves & Radiating Systems, PHI, 2007
2. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design – Constantine A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 3 rd Ed.,
2009.
3. David K. Cheng, “Field and Wave Electromagnetics”, Pearson, 2e, 2014.
4. John D. Kraus, Antennas, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1988.
5. R.E. Collins, Antennas and Radio Propagation, Singapore: McGraw Hill, 1985.
6. David M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, Wiley, 4e, 2012.

113
 EC3053 IOT PCC 3–0–0 3 Credits

Prerequisites: None

Course Outcomes: After completion of the course student will be able to:

CO1 Understand IOT design requirements

CO2 Compare various technologies and protocols
CO3 Study storage and intelligent analytics
CO4 Application of IOT in smart cities
CO5 Design and experiment various use cases

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PSO1

PSO2
PO10

PO11

PO12
PO2

PO4
PO1

PO3

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9
PO
CO
CO1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO2 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO3 - - - - - - - 3 - - - - 2 2
CO4 - - - - - - - 3 - - - - 2 2
CO5 - - - - - - 3 - - - - - 2 2

Detailed Syllabus:

Introduction to IOT: IoT and the connected world, Architecture of IoT, Security issues,
Opportunities for IoT

The Web of Things: Linked data, Enterprise data, Importance of security, privacy, and
authenticity, Industry standards, Web of Things layer as the driver for IoT systems

Lessons from the Internet: Relevance of Internet to network of Things, network management,
security, mobility and longevity.

Technologies: Wireless protocols, Connectivity options.

Data storage and analysis: Managing high rate sensor data, Processing data streams, Data
consistency in an intermittently connected or disconnected environment, Identifying outliers
and anomalies.

Use cases: Smart Buildings, Smart health, Home automation, Location tracking

118
Smart Cities: Collection of information including opportunistic sensing, crowd sensing, and
adhoc sensing Response of the system including analytics and optimization, distributed action,
people as intelligent actuators, the risk for cyber-attacks in centralized and distributed systems

Reading:
1. Designing the Internet of Things, by Adrian McEwen, Hakim Cassimally Wiley 2013
2. Enterprise IoT Naveen Balani Create Space Independent Publishing Platform 2016

119
 EC306 Micro Controllers PCC 3-0-0 3 Credits

Pre-requisites: EC201-Digital system design-I

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to:

CO1 Understand the evolution of microprocessors and microcontrollers and its architectures
CO2 Understand the evolution and architectures of ARM processors.
CO3 Analyze and understand the instruction set and development tools of ARM
CO4 Understand the architectural features of ARM cortex M4 microcontrollers.
CO5 Understand the exception, interrupts and interrupt handling schemes
CO6 Understand the hardware and interfacing peripheral devices to ARM cortex M4

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes:

PSO1

PSO2
PO10

PO11

PO12
PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9
PO

CO
CO1 2 3 - 3 - - - - - - - - 2 -
CO2 - 3 - 3 - - - - 1 - - - 2 -
CO3 - 3 - - - - - - 1 - - - 2 -
CO4 - 2 - 3 - - - - 1 - - - 2 -
CO5 - 2 - 3 - - - - 1 - - - 2 -
CO6 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 -

Detailed Syllabus:
Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers:
Evolution and introduction of 80X86 microprocessor, Architecture of 8086, Memory organization,
8086 system connections and timing. Overview of 8051 microcontroller, Architecture, Instruction set
and addressing modes, programming of I/O Ports, Interrupts, timer/ counter and serial
communication.

Introduction to ARM Processors:

Introduction to ARM processors, Evolution of ARM processors, pipeline organization, ARM
Processor cores and CPU cores. Introduction to ARM Cortex-M Processors, ARM Cortex-M4
processor’s architecture, Programmer’s model, Special registers, Operation Modes.

ARM Cortex-M4 programming: Assembly basics, Instruction set, Data transfer, Data processing,
conditional and branch instructions, barrier and saturation operations, Cortex-M4-specific
instructions,Thumb2 instructions, Keil Microcontroller Development Kit for ARM, Typical program
compilation flow, Sample arithmetic and logical assembly language programs

122
ARM cortex-M4 Memory Systems and interrupts: Overview of memory system features, Memory
map, Memory access attributes and permissions, Data alignment and unaligned data access
support, Bit-band operations, Overview of exceptions and interrupts, Exception types, Overview of
interrupt management, Definitions of priority, Vector table and vector table relocation, Software
interrupts, Exception Handling.

Cortex-M4 Implementation and applications: Detailed block diagram, Bus interfaces on cortex-
M4, External PPB interface, typical connections, reset types and signals. Getting started with
μVision. Applications: Flashing of LEDS using Shift Register, Interfacing stepper motor, Interfacing
temperature sensor, Interfacing ADC, Interfacing Real Time Clock, Interfacing of Analog Key pad

Reading:

1. Joseph Yiu, The Definitive Guide to ARM Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4 Processors,
Newnes Publications; Third Edition, 2013.
2. Ata Elahi-Trever Arjeski, “ARM Assembly language with hardware experiment”, Springer Int.
Publishing, 2015.
3. Steve Furber , “ARM system on chip Architecture”, Pearson Publications, Second Edition.
4. D. V. Hall. Microprocessors and Interfacing, TMGH. Second Edition 2006.
5. Wrox, “ Professional Embedded ARM Development”
6. William hohl and Christoper Hinds, “ARM assembly language fundamentals and
Techniques”CRC, Second Edition, 2015.
7. M.A. Mazidi, J.G. Mazidi, R.D. Mckinlay, “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems”,
Pearson Second Edition.

123
 EC307 Micro controllers Laboratory PCC 0-1-2 2 Credits

Pre-requisites: knowledge of ARM architecture and programming

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to:
CO1 write assembly language and C programs for arithmetic operations
CO2 Interface LED, ADC and DAC modules with microprocessor based system
CO3 Interface stepper motor, Keyboard and memory
CO4 Interface wi-fi and bluetooth modules

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes:

PSO1

PSO2
PO10

PO11

PO12
PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9
PO
CO
CO1 2 2 - - - - - - - - 2 1 2 2
CO2 - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 1 2 2
CO3 - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 1 2 2
CO4 2 2 - - - - - - - - 2 1 2 2

List of Experiments:

1. Write a simple programs for arithmetic operations – addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division of 16 or 32 – bit numbers
2. Flashing of LEDS using Shift Register
3. Interfacing ADC
4. Interfacing DAC
5. Interfacing 7-Segment LED.
6. Interfacing of Analog Key pad.
7. Interrupt using on board push button
8. Interfacing real time clock.
9. Interfacing stepper motor.
10. Interfacing temperature sensor.
11. Interfacing Bluetooth module.
12. Interfacing Real Time Clock
13. Interfacing of micro SD Card.
14. Interfacing Wi-Fi Module

124
EC308 Integrated Circuit Applications Lab PCC 0-1-2 2 Credits

Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to:

CO1 Measure the parameters of IC 741 Op-amp.

CO2 Realize analog filters using Op-amp.

CO3 Plot the characteristics of TTL NAND Gate.

CO4 Design monostable and astable multivibrators using 555 IC.

CO5 Design modulo-N counters using TTL ICs.

.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes:

PSO1

PSO2
PO10

PO11

PO12
PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9
PO
CO
CO1 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 -
CO2 2 3 - - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO3 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 -
CO4 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 2 2
CO5 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 2 2

List of Experiments:

1: Study and Operation of IC testers, pulse generator and digital trainer.

2: Study of logic gate ICs and their applications

3: Frequency response of inverting and non-inverting amplifier.

4: Measurement of Op.amp parameters: (i) Offset voltage (ii) Offset current

(iii) CMRR and (iv) Slew rate

5: Characteristics of TTL NAND gate: (i) Sourcing (ii) Sinking (iii) Transfer

6: Verify the functionality of Mux and Decoder ICs and their application.

7: Op.amp monostable and astable multivibrators.

8: Design 2’s complement adder/subtractor using IC74283 and verify experimentally.

9: Verify the functionality of Flip-Flop ICs and its application.

10: Mod-N counter using 7490 and 74190.

11: 555 timer: Monostable and astable multivibrators.

12: Mod-N counter using 7492 and 74192.

13: Shift register IC 7495.

14: Low voltage regulator IC 723.

125