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Lesson 1: Nature of Language and Communication

This document provides an overview of language, communication, and communication models. It discusses that language has sounds, words with meaning, and meaning comes from people rather than words. It also notes that communication is a two-way process that involves transferring information between people to increase understanding through various verbal and non-verbal means. The document then outlines several models of communication, including Aristotle's model focusing on the speaker, Berlo's model incorporating emotional aspects, Shannon and Weaver's model addressing information flow and noise, and Schramm's model depicting a two-way circular process. It also lists the key elements of the communication process.

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Jehada Abdukadil
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92 views9 pages

Lesson 1: Nature of Language and Communication

This document provides an overview of language, communication, and communication models. It discusses that language has sounds, words with meaning, and meaning comes from people rather than words. It also notes that communication is a two-way process that involves transferring information between people to increase understanding through various verbal and non-verbal means. The document then outlines several models of communication, including Aristotle's model focusing on the speaker, Berlo's model incorporating emotional aspects, Shannon and Weaver's model addressing information flow and noise, and Schramm's model depicting a two-way circular process. It also lists the key elements of the communication process.

Uploaded by

Jehada Abdukadil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON 1: NATURE OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

Nature of Language

1. Language is a combination of sounds.


2. Words have meaning.
3. Meaning are in people, not in words.
4. Language follows a grammatical structure.
5. Language is based on aural and oral system.
6. Language can die and be extinct.

Where language is a tool, communication is an experience. Being able to


communicate effectively is one of the most important life skills to learn. Communication
is defined as transferring information to produce greater understanding. Communication
is a process by which people send messages or exchange ideas or thoughts with one
another in verbal or non-verbal manner. It involves Interaction of words from a society
and thus gives pleasure and an increased understanding of life. It can be done vocally
(through verbal exchanges), through written media (books, websites, and magazines),
visually (using graphs, charts, and maps) or non-verbally (body language, gestures,
pitch of voice, and tone). All of these means of communication are essential Soft
Skills that are vital for a successful career.

Nature of Communication

1. Two-way process
2. Continuous process
3. Dynamic process
4. Mutual understanding
5. Goal-oriented
6. Human activity

LESSON 2: THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS


       Communication is a dynamic process that begins with the conceptualizing of ideas
by the sender who then transmits the message through a channel to the receiver, who
in turns gives back the feedback in the form of some message or signal within the given
time frame.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this module, you are expected to;

1. describe communication as a process


2. identify and describe the elements of communication
3. identify and describe the models of communication
4. illustrate the communication process

Elements of the Communication Process

       In order to better understand the communication process and how it provides a
foundation for group communication, let’s break it down into eight essential
components. Each component serves an integral function in the overall process.

1. Source
The source (sender) imagines, creates, and sends the message. In a public
speaking situation, the source is the person giving the speech. He or she
conveys the message by sharing new information with the audience. 

2. Message
The idea, feeling, suggestion, guidelines, orders or any content which is intended
to be communicated

3. Encoding
The process of converting the idea, thinking or any other component of message
into symbols, words, actions, diagram etc. 

4. Channel
The medium, passage or route through which encoded message is passed by
the sender to the receiver. There can be various forms of media-face to face
communication, letters, radio, television, e-mail

5. Decoding
The process of translating the encoded message into language understandable
by the receiver.

6. Receiver
The receiver receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting
the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source.

7. Feedback
Feedback is composed of messages the receiver sends back to the source
whether verbal or non-verbal.

8. Interference or Noise
Interference is anything that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of
the message. It is the hindrance in the process of communication. It can take
place at any step in the entire process. As a result, it may reduce accuracy of
communication.

9. Context
The context of the communication interaction involves the setting, scene, and
expectations of the individuals involved.

STEPS of the Communication Process

1. The sender formulates the message that he wants to convey to the receiver.
2. He encodes or translates his message. He may use  symbols, words, actions, 
    diagrams, pictures. etc.
3. He selects an appropriate channel or medium through which the message is to
be          
     transmitted. It can be face to face communication, letters, radio, television, e-mail 
4. The message is received by the receiver.
5. Received message is decoded by the receiver so that the receiver can draw the 
     meaning of the message.
6. The receiver sends his response to the sender. In case of any confusion, the same
is  
     conveyed and necessary clarification sought.

Communication Models

A model is widely used to depict any idea, thought or a concept in a simpler way
through diagrams, pictorial representations etc. Models go a long way in making the
understanding of any concept easy and clear. Through a model one can easily
understand a process and draw conclusions from it. In simpler words a model makes
the learning simple.

Let us now learn about the various communication models.

Aristotle Model of Communication


Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be broadly
divided into 5 primary elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience and Effect.

According to this model, the speaker plays a key role in communication. He is


the one who takes complete charge of the communication. The sender first prepares a
content which he does by carefully putting his thoughts in words with an objective of
influencing the listeners or the recipients, who would then respond in the sender’s
desired way. The model says that the speaker communicates in such a way that the
listeners get influenced and respond accordingly.
 
Berlo’s Model of Communication
While the Aristotle model of communication puts the speaker in the central
position and suggests that the speaker is the one who drives the entire communication,
the Berlo’s model of communication takes into account the emotional aspect of the
message. Berlo’s model of communic ation operates on the SMCR model.

Berlo’s model believes that for effective communication to take place, the source
and the receiver need to be on the same level. Only then communication will happen or
take place properly. Hence, the source and the receiver should be similar.

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication


         In 1948, Shannon was an American mathematician, Electronic engineer and
Weaver was an American scientist both of them join together to write an article in “Bell
System Technical Journal” called “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” and also
called as “Shannon-Weaver model of communication”.
        Shannon and Weaver model is the most popular model of communication and is
widely accepted all over the world. The model deals with various concepts like
Information source, transmitter, Noise, channel, message, receiver, channel,
information destination, encode and decode.

This model is specially designed to develop the effective communication between


sender and receiver. Also they find factors which affecting the communication process
called “Noise”. At first the model was developed to improve the Technical
communication. Later it’s widely applied in the field of Communication.

Schramm’s Model of Communication


Wilber Schramm proposed the model of communication in 1954. It is a two way circular
communication between sender and receiver. It is derived from Osgood Model who
gave a circular form of communication. 
 
The Schramm model of communication seeks to explain how meaning is
transferred between individuals, corporations, and others.
The Schramm model views communication as a process that takes place
between a sender (transmitter) and a receiver: there will be also a message, and a
medium through which the message can be transmitted. According to the Schramm’s
model, coding and decoding are the two essential processes of an effective
communication.

Test yourself!

Communication follows a certain process which is compose or done by the


elements. To start the conversation, the 1._______ formulates the message which will
be transmitted to the 2._________. The sender’s job is to 3.________ or translate his
message and he has to choose the media where will be the conversation will be
grounded. After 4._________ the message, the receiver will then give 5.__________ to
complete the communication process. This process will cycle through until the purpose
of the conversation is met.

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