Spectrum Analyzer

Operation Manual

Read this manual before using the equipment.

Keep this manual with the equipment
 Safety Symbols

Where these symbols or indications appear on the instrument or in this manual, they
have the following meanings.

WARNING. Risk of hazard which cause injury to human body or danger

to life, If a WARNING appears on the instrument, and in
this manual, do not proceed until its suitable conditions are
understood and met

CAUTION. Risk of hazard which caused fire or serious damage to the

instrument or other equipment. Do not proceed until its
suitable conditions are met.

GROUND. Ground terminal to chassis (earth).

2
 For Symbols

WARNING

1. ALWAYS refer to the operation manual when working near

locations at which the alert mark shown on the left is attached.
If the operation, etc., is performed without heeding the advice
in the operation manual, there is a risk of personal injury. In
addition, the equipment performance may be reduced.
Moreover, this alert mark is sometimes used with other marks
and descriptions indicating other dangers.

2. When supplying power to this equipment, connect the accessory

3-pin power cord to a 3-pin grounded power outlet. If a
grounded 3-pin outlet is not available, use a conversion adapter
and ground the green wire, or connect the frame ground on
the rear panel of the equipment to ground. If power is supplied
without grounding the equipment, there is a risk of receiving a
severe or fatal electric shock and equipment damage.

Repair 3. This equipment cannot be repaired by the user. DO NOT

attempt to open the cabinet or to disassemble internal parts.
WARNING
Only trained service personnel or staff from your sales
representative with a knowledge of electrical fire and shock
hazards should service this equipment. There are high-voltage
parts in this equipment presenting a risk of severe injury or
fatal electric shock to untrained personnel. In addition, there is
a risk of damage to internal parts.

Falling Over 4. This equipment should be used in the correct position, If the
cabinet is turned on its side, etc., it will be unstable and may
be damaged if it falls over as a result of receiving a slight
mechanical shock.

3
 For Symbols

CAUTION

Changing Fuse 1. Before changing the fuses, ALWAYS remove the power cord
from the power-outlet and replace the blown fuses. ALWAYS
CAUTION use new fuses of the type and rating specified on the fuse
marking on the rear panel cabinet.

T3.15A indicates a time-lag fuse.

There is risk of receiving a fatal electric shock if the fuses are
replaced with the power cord connected.

Cleaning 2. Keep the power supply and cooling fan free of dust.
Clean the power inlet regularly. If dust accumulates around
the power pins, there is a risk of fire .
Keep the cooling fan clean so that the ventilation holes are
not obstructed. If the ventilation is obstructed, the cabinet
may overheat and catch fire .

Check Terminal 3. ○ Maximum DC voltage ratings :

RF Input connector : ±50 VDC
TG Output connector : 0 VDC
○ Maximum RF power ratings :
RF Input power : +30 dBm
○ NEVER input >+30 dBm and >50 V DC power to RF Input.
○ Excessive power may damage the internal circuits.

4
 For Symbols

CAUTION

4. The power for CMOS back-up is supplied by a Primary Lithium

Battery. This battery should only be replaced by a battery of
the same type (SANYO ; CR12600SE-FT3) ; since replacement
Replacing
can only be made by NEX1 FUTURE, contact the nearest NEX1
Memory
FUTURE representative when replacement is required.
Back-Up Battery

Note : The battery life is about 7 years. Early battery

replacement is recommended

Do not throw the battery away but dispose of it according to

CAUTION
your country’s requirement.

5. This equipment stores data and programs using USB Port in

Storage
the USB Storage or USB Floppy. Data and programs may be
Medium
lost due to improper use or failure. NEX1 FUTURE therefore
recommends that you back-up the memory.
(USP Port can not support an USB Keyboard & Mouse.)

NEX1 FUTURE CANNOT COMPENSATE FOR ANY MEMORY

LOSS.

5
 For Symbols

CAUTION

Product Damage 6. Use Proper Power Source : Do not operate this product from a
Precaution power source that applies more than the voltage specified.

Provide Proper Ventilation : To prevent product overheating,

provide proper ventilation.

Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures : If you suspect there

is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualified
service personnel.

Do Not Attempt To Operate If Protection May Be Impaired : If

the instrument appears damaged or operated abnormally,
protection may be impaired. Do not attempt to operate the
instrument under these conditions. Refer all questions of proper
instrument operation to qualified service personnel.

Place-related 7. Object and Liquid Entry : Never push objects of any kind into
Warning instrument through openings as they may touch dangerous
voltage points or short out parts that could result in a fire or
electric shock. Never spill liquid of any kind on the instrument.
Do not use this instrument near water for example, near a bath
tub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, or laundry tub, in a wet
basement, or near a swimming pool, and the like. Keep the
instrument away from damp air, water and dust. Unexpected
trouble may be caused when the instrument is placed in a
damp or dusty place.

Flammable and Explosive Substance : Avoid using this instrument

where there are gases, and where there are flammable and
explosive substances in the immediate vicinity.

Unstable Location : Do not place this instrument on an unstable

cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table. This instrument may fall,
causing serious injury to a person, and serious damage to the
instrument. Do not place or use the instrument in a place
subject to vibration.

6
NEX1 FUTURE Warranty
NEX1 FUTURE will repair this equipment fee of charge if a malfunction occurs within 2
year after shipment due to a manufacturing fault, provided that warranty is rendered void
under any or all of the following conditions.

The fault is outside the scope of the warranty conditions described in the operation
manual.
The fault is due to misoperation, misuse, or unauthorized modification or repair of the
equipment by the customer.
The fault is due to severe usage clearly exceeding normal usage.
The fault is due to improper or insufficient maintenance by the customer.
The fault is due to natural disaster including fire, flooding and earthquake, etc.
The fault is due to use of non specified peripheral equipment, peripheral parts,
consumables, etc.
The fault is due to use of non specified power supply or in non-specified installation
location.

In addition, this warranty is valid only for the original equipment purchaser. It is not
transferable if the equipment is resold.

NEX1 FUTURE will not accept liability for equipment faults due to unforeseen and unusual
circumstances, nor for faults due to mishandling by the customer.

NEX1 FUTURE Contact

If this equipment develops a fault, contact office of NEX1 FUTURE at the address in the
operation manual, or your nearest sales or service office.

7
 Front Panel Power Switch

If the equipment is in the standby state, the front power switch of this equipment
turns on the power when it is pressed.
If the switch is pressed continuously for about 1 second in the power off state, the
equipment enters the standby state to prevent malfunction caused by accidental
touching.

In the power on state, if the power plug is removed from the outlet, then reinserted,
the power will not be turned on. Also, if the line is disconnected due to momentary
power supply interruption or power failure, the power will not be turned on even
when power is restored.

This is to prevent incorrect data from being acquired when the line is disconnected
and reconnected.

For example, if the sweep is 1,000 seconds and data acquisition requires a long time,
momentary power supply interruption (power failure) might occur during measurement
and the line could be recovered automatically to power on. In such a case, the
equipment may mistake incorrect data for correct data without recognizing the
momentary power supply interruption.

If this equipment enters the standby state due to momentary power supply interruption
or power failure, check the state of the measuring system and press the front
power switch to restore power to this equipment.

Further, if this equipment is built into a system and the system power has to be
disconnected then reconnected, the power for this equipment must also be restored
by pressing the front power switch.

8
 DETECTION MODE

This instrument is a spectrum analyzer which uses a digital storage system. The
spectrum analyzer makes level measurements in frequency steps obtained by dividing
the frequency span by the number of measurement data points (500). Because of
this operation it is desired to use the following detector modes associated with the
appropriate measurements.

Measurement Detector mode

Normal signal POS PEAK
Random noise SAMPLE OR AVERAGE
Pulsed noise NORMAL
Occupied frequency bandwidth SAMPLE
(for analog communication systems)
Occupied frequency bandwidth POS PEAK or SAMPLE
(for digital communication systems)

When a detection mode is specified as one of the measurement methods, make the
measurement in the specified detection mode.

9
 ABOUT THIS MANUAL

Composition of Manuals
The Spectrum Analyzer manuals of the standard type are composed of the following
three parts.

Operation Manual
Vol.1

Measurement Guide

Composition
of
Manuals

Programming Manual

Vol.2

Operation Manual : Provides information on the outline.

Preparation before use, panel description,
operation procedure, soft-key menu and performance tests.

Measurement Guide : Provides basic measurements with examples of typical measurements.

Programming Manual : Provides information on RS-232C remote control, GPIB remote

control and sample programs.

10
 COMPOSITION OF OPERATION MANUAL

This Manual is composed of 7 sections. The profile of each section is shown below.

Section Composition Explanation

SECTION 1 Product outline, options, applicable parts, peripheral

GENERAL devices, and specifications

SECTION 2
PREPARATIONS Operations to be accomplished before applying power
BEFORE USE

SECTION 3
PANEL Description of the front and rear panels
DESCRIPTION

SECTION 4
Description of the soft-key menu
SOFT-KEY-MENU

SECTION 5
OPERATION Operation procedures for operation guide
PROCEDURES

SECTION 6
PERFORMANCE Tests used for checking performance
TESTS

SECTION 7
STORAGE AND Cautions on storage and transportation
TRANSPORTATION

11
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Safety Symbols & For Symbols --------------------------------------- 2

ABOUT THIS MANUAL ----------------------------------------------- 10

COMPOSITION OF OPERATION MANUAL ----------------------------- 11

SECTION 1 GENERAL ------------------------------------------------ 1-1

PRODUCT OUTLINE ------------------------------------------------------ 1-3
EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION ------------------------------------------- 1-4
Options ------------------------------------------------------- 1-4
SPECIFICATIONS ---------------------------------------------------- 1-5

SECTION 2 PREPARATIONS BEFORE USE --------------------------- 2-1

INSTALLATION SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ----------- 2-3
Locations to Be Avoided ------------------------------------ 2-3
SAFETY MEASURES ------------------------------------------------ 2-4
Power On ---------------------------------------------------- 2-4
Input Level to RF Input -------------------------------------- 2-5
PREPARATIONS BEFORE POWER ON ------------------------------ 2-6
Protective Grounding ----------------------------------------- 2-7
Replacing Fuse ----------------------------------------------- 2-8

SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION ------------------------------------ 3-1

TABLE OF FRONT AND REAR PANEL FEATURES ------------------- 3-3
TABLE OF I/O CONNECTORS --------------------------------------- 3-8
GPIB CONNECTOR (option)------------------------------------------ 3-9
RS-232C CONNECTOR ---------------------------------------------- 3-10
PRINTER CONNECTOR ---------------------------------------------- 3-11
EXT VGA CONNECTOR --------------------------------------------- 3-12
PROBE POWER CONNECTOR --------------------------------------- 3-13

SECTION 4 MENU TREE --------------------------------------------- 4-1

MENU TREE --------------------------------------------------------- 4-4
FREQ, SPAN, AMPL --------------------------------------------- 4-4
MEAS ----------------------------------------------------------- 4-5
MKR ------------------------------------------------------------ 4-6

12
 MKR＞, PEAK -------------------------------------------------- 4-7
TRIG, CPL ------------------------------------------------------ 4-8
DISP ------------------------------------------------------------ 4-9
TRACE --------------------------------------------------------- 4-10
FILE ------------------------------------------------------------- 4-11
LIMIT, SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------- 4-12
PRESET, AUX, TG ---------------------------------------------- 4-13

SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES ------------------------------ 5-1

SCREEN LAYOUT -------------------------------------------------- 5-5
ANNOTATION WINDOW -------------------------------------------- 5-6
FREQ/SPAN FUNCTIONS --------------------------------------------- 5-7
Center–Span Mode Frequency Data Entry ----------------------- 5-7
Start-Stop Mode Frequency Data Entry ------------------------- 5-8
Setting Center Frequency Step --------------------------------- 5-9
Setting Frequency Offset --------------------------------------- 5-10
Setting Full Span ------------------------------------------------ 5-10
Setting Zero Span ---------------------------------------------- 5-11
Return to the Previous Span ---------------------------------- 5-11
Zoom In/Zoom Out -------------------------------------------- 5-11
10 ㎒ Ref. ------------------------------------------------------ 5-12
Auto Tune ----------------------------------------------------- 5-12
Cal Signal ------------------------------------------------------ 5-12
AMPLITUDE FUNCTIONS ------------------------------------------- 5-13
Setting Reference Level ---------------------------------------- 5-13
Selecting Log/Linear Detector Mode ---------------------------- 5-13
Setting Amplitude Scale ---------------------------------------- 5-14
Setting Amplitude Units ---------------------------------------- 5-14
Setting Input Attenuation --------------------------------------- 5-15
Selecting Input Impedance -------------------------------------- 5-15
Setting the Reference Level Offset ---------------------------- 5-16
Setting Internal Amp (option) ---------------------------------- 5-16
MEASUREMENT FUNCTIONS ---------------------------------------- 5-17
X dB Down Measurement -------------------------------------- 5-17
Adjacent Channel Power Measurement -------------------------- 5-18
Channel Power Measurement ----------------------------------- 5-18
Occupied Bandwidth Measurement ------------------------------- 5-19
Harmonic Distortion Measurement ------------------------------- 5-20
Clear Measurement -------------------------------------------- 5-21
Continue Measurement ----------------------------------------- 5-21

13
 Quasi-Peak (option) --------------------------------------------- 5-21
MARKER FUNCTIONS ---------------------------------------------- 5-22
Selecting & Changing Marker Position --------------------------- 5-22
Normal Marker ---------------------------------------------- 5-23
Delta Marker --------------------------------------------------- 5-23
Marker Off by Reverse Step ----------------------------------- 5-24
Setting the MKR Trace ----------------------------------------- 5-24
Setting the Marker Readout Mode ------------------------------ 5-25
Setting the Marker Function ------------------------------------ 5-26
Setting the Marker Table --------------------------------------- 5-26
SETTING PARAMETERS USING MARKER VALUES ------------------- 5-27
MKR＞CF / MKR＞Ref ------------------------------------------- 5-27
MKR＞Start / MKR＞Stop --------------------------------------- 5-27
Mkr＞CFstep / dMkr＞CFstep ----------------------------------- 5-28
dMkr＞Span ---------------------------------------------------- 5-28
Mkr＞ZoomIN / Mkr＞ZoomOUT --------------------------------- 5-28
PEAK SEARCH FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------------- 5-29
Peak Search ---------------------------------------------------- 5-29
Next Peak Search ---------------------------------------------- 5-29
Peak Left Search/Peak Right Search ---------------------------- 5-30
Marker Track --------------------------------------------------- 5-30
Peak to Peak Search ------------------------------------------- 5-30
Setting the Search Parameters --------------------------------- 5-31
TRIGGER FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------------------- 5-32
Continuous Sweep Mode ---------------------------------------- 5-32
Single Sweep Mode -------------------------------------------- 5-32
Trigger Source ------------------------------------------------- 5-33
Video Trigger ----------------------------------------------- 5-33
Line Trigger ------------------------------------------------ 5-34
External Trigger --------------------------------------------- 5-34
Trigger Delay --------------------------------------------------- 5-34
Select Trigger Edge -------------------------------------------- 5-35
Time Gate ------------------------------------------------------ 5-35
Time Gate Menu ----------------------------------------------- 5-36
COUPLED FUNCTIONS ---------------------------------------------- 5-37
All Auto Function ----------------------------------------------- 5-37
Setting the Resolution Bandwidth(RBW) ------------------------- 5-38
Setting the Video Bandwidth(VBW) ----------------------------- 5-39
Sweep Time ---------------------------------------------------- 5-40
Input Attenuator ----------------------------------------------- 5-40

14
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------------------- 5-42
Display Line ---------------------------------------------------- 5-42
Threshold Line -------------------------------------------------- 5-43
Screen Title ---------------------------------------------------- 5-43
Contrast -------------------------------------------------------- 5-44
Graticule -------------------------------------------------------- 5-45
Annotation ------------------------------------------------------ 5-45
White Mode ---------------------------------------------------- 5-45
TRACE FUNCTIONS ------------------------------------------------- 5-46
Select Trace --------------------------------------------------- 5-46
Clr & Wrt ------------------------------------------------------ 5-46
Max Hold -------------------------------------------------------- 5-46
Min Hold -------------------------------------------------------- 5-47
View ------------------------------------------------------------ 5-47
Blank ----------------------------------------------------------- 5-47
Averaging Function --------------------------------------------- 5-48
Detection Mode ------------------------------------------------ 5-49
Mathematics Mode --------------------------------------------- 5-50
SAVE AND FILE FUNCTIONS --------------------------------------- 5-51
Internal Memory ------------------------------------------------- 5-51
Save Parameters and Waveform -------------------------------- 5-51
File Management ------------------------------------------------ 5-52
LIMIT LINE FUNCTIONS --------------------------------------------- 5-55
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ------------------------------------------- 5-57
Printer Configuration --------------------------------------------- 5-57
Clock Set ------------------------------------------------------ 5-58
GPIB Address Set (option) -------------------------------------- 5-58
RS-232C Configuration ------------------------------------------ 5-59
System Information --------------------------------------------- 5-60
PRESET FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------------------- 5-61
Preset ---------------------------------------------------------- 5-61
Last State ------------------------------------------------------ 5-62
Alignment Mode ------------------------------------------------ 5-62
Power ON ------------------------------------------------------- 5-63
Cal Signal ------------------------------------------------------ 5-63
Auto Align ------------------------------------------------------ 5-63
AUX FUNCTIONS --------------------------------------------------- 5-64
AM Demodulation ----------------------------------------------- 5-64
FM Demodulation ----------------------------------------------- 5-64
Audio Monitor -------------------------------------------------- 5-65

15
 Temperature Monitor ------------------------------------------- 5-66
TRACKING GENERATOR (option) ------------------------------------ 5-67

SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS ---------------------------------- 6-1

REQUIREMENT FOR PERFORMANCE TESTS --------------------------- 6-3
INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED FOR PERFORMANCE TEST ---------------- 6-4
PERFORMANCE TEST --------------------------------------------------- 6-6
Reference Oscillator Frequency Stability ------------------------ 6-6
Center Frequency Readout Accuracy --------------------------- 6-8
Frequency Span Readout Accuracy ----------------------------- 6-11
Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) and Selectivity and Switching Error - 6-14
Sideband Noise (Phase noise) ----------------------------------- 6-20
Frequency Measurement Accuracy ------------------------------ 6-22
Amplitude Display Linearity -------------------------------------- 6-24
Frequency Response -------------------------------------------- 6-30
Reference Level Accuracy -------------------------------------- 6-32
Average Noise Level -------------------------------------------- 6-35
Second Harmonic Distortion ------------------------------------- 6-37
Input Attenuator Switching Error -------------------------------- 6-39
Residual FM ---------------------------------------------------- 6-42
rd
3 Order Intermodulation --------------------------------------- 6-44
Spurious Response ---------------------------------------------- 6-47
Local Oscillator Emission ---------------------------------------- 6-49
Input VSWR --------------------------------------------------------- 6-51

SECTION 7 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION ---------------------- 7-1

CLEANING ----------------------------------------------------------- 7-3
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS ------------------------------------------- 7-4
Precautions Before Storage ------------------------------------- 7-4
Recommended Storage Precautions ----------------------------- 7-4
REPACKING AND TRANSPORTATION -------------------------------- 7-5
Repacking ------------------------------------------------------- 7-5
Transportation -------------------------------------------------- 7-5
SERVICE ------------------------------------------------------------ 7-6

16
 SECTION 1 GENERAL

SECTION 1
GENERAL

This section outlines the Spectrum Analyzer and explains the composition of this manual,
the configuration of the Spectrum Analyzer with the options, the optional accessories,
peripherals for expanding the capabilities, and the specifications.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRODUCT OUTLINE ---------------------------------------------------- 1-3

EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION ------------------------------------------ 1-4
Options --------------------------------------------------------------- 1-4
SPECIFICATIONS ------------------------------------------------------- 1-5

1-1
SECTION 1 GENERAL

<BLANK>

1-2
 SECTION 1 GENERAL

SECTION 1
GENERAL

PRODUCT OUTLINE

The Spectrum Analyzer (henceforth called “this unit”) is a portable type spectrum
analyzer suited for signal analysis of radio equipment where the efficiency of frequency
usage is increased and equipment is increasingly speeded and digitized.
The Spectrum Analyzer adopts the synthesizer local system and can cover all frequencies
from 1 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓ excellent in basic performance such as distortion, frequency/level
accuracy, and easy operation, by following the display of the soft-key menu screen.
Excellent cost performance with rich options to cope with various applications.
Equipped with high accuracy calibration signals and an attenuator, it can accurately calibrate
switching errors of LOG/LIN scales, resolution bandwidth, reference level, etc.
Since frequency response data is corrected by built in calibration data, allowing high-
accuracy level measurement for a wide range.
This unit provides the MEASURE function which can perform measurement of various
applications without requiring the intervention of external controllers. Therefore, the
performance evaluation of radio equipment can be easily done in terms of frequency,
noise, occupied frequency bandwidth, etc.

Application
This unit is useful for the production, building and maintenance of electronic equipment
and devices for the following.
AM/FM radio equipment
Digital cellular telephone/cordless telephone
Satellite broadcasting, CATV and TV equipment
Small capacity microwave equipment

1-3
SECTION 1 GENERAL

EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION

This paragraph describes the configuration of the spectrum analyzer with the various
options to expand the functions.

Options

The table below shows the options for the Spectrum Analyzer which are sold separately.

Model No. Name Remarks

9 ㎑ ∼ 3.0 ㎓
O-TG-02 Tracking Generator
0 ∼ -70 dBm
O-SG-02 Signal Generator PCS/Cellular/GSM/W-CDMA
Quasi-Peak included.
Support Log X scale display.
EMC Measurement Package
O-EM-01 Limit/Xducer/Cable/Ant/Others
(Firmware)
Parameter file management.
Limit line link with graticule.
O-DR-01 Digital RBW 10, 30, 100 Hz RBW
O-CT-01(NTSC) TV-Trigger B/D included.
CATV Measurement Package
O-CT-02(PAL) PAL/NTSC TV Signal.
Distance to Fault
O-DF-01 DTF Measurement personality
VSWR(Return Loss)
O-HS-01 High Stability Oscillator Stability : ≤±0.2ppm
QP B
O-QP-01 Quasi-Peak Detector
QP C/D
O-SB-01 Carrying Bag

O-CA-01 Connectors and Cable Assembly

O-PA-01 Pre-Amp

O-GP-01 GPIB

※ Please specify the model number, name, and quantity when ordering.

1-4
 SECTION 1 GENERAL

SPECIFICATIONS

NOTE : A fifteen minute warm up time shall apply.

1.0 FREQUENCY
1.1 Frequency range 1.0 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓
1.2 Tuning Resolution 1 ㎐ Minimum
1.3 Frequency Span Width 100 ㎐/div to 300 ㎒/div
In 1, 2, 5 step selections (auto selected) plus
ZERO Span, and FULL Span (1 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓).
Manual selection of start, stop, and span.
1.4 Span Accuracy ±3% of the indicated Span Width
1.5 Readout Accuracy ≤±(Indicated frequency × reference
frequency accuracy ＋ span × span accuracy
＋ 50% of RBW)
1.6 Frequency Counter
1.6.1 Resolution 1 ㎑, 100 ㎐, 10 ㎐, 1 ㎐ (user selectable)
1.6.2 Accuracy ≤±((Reference frequency accuracy × marker
frequency) + (1(resolution error) + 1(counter
error) × counter resolution ) )
1.6.3 Sensitivity ≤-70dBm (50 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓)
1.7 Stability
1.7.1 Residual FM ≤100 ㎐ P-P in 200 ㎳, 1 ㎑ RBW, 1 ㎑ VBW
1.7.2 Noise Sidebands ≤-90dBc/㎐ 10 ㎑ offset

2.0 AMPLITUDE
2.1 Measurement Range +30 dBm to average noise level.
2.2 Average Displayed Noise Level : ≤-105 dBm, 50 ㎑ to 100 ㎑
≤-110 dBm, 100 ㎑ to 2.8 ㎓
≤-105 dBm, 2.8 ㎓ to 3.0 ㎓
≤-130 dBm, 50 ㎒ to 1.8 ㎓(Preamp operation.)
≤-128 dBm, 1.8 ㎓ to 3.0 ㎓(Preamp operation.)
(RBW 1 ㎑, VBW 10 ㎐)
2.3 1dB Compression Point -10 dBm 100 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓ (0dB attenuation)
2.4 Displayed Range 100 dB in 10 dB/div log scale.
50 dB in 5 dB/div log scale.
20 dB in 2 dB/div log scale.

1-5
SECTION 1 GENERAL

10 dB in 1 dB/div log scale.

10 divisions with linear amplitude scale.
2.5 Amplitude Units dBm, dB ㎷, dB ㎶, V, ㎷, ㎶, W, ㎽, ㎼
2.6 Display Linearity
2.6.1 5 or 10dB/div ±0.15 dB/dB, ±1.5 dB over 10 divisions
2.6.2 1 or 2 dB/div ±0.5 dB over 10 divisions
2.6.3 Linear ±10 % of Reference Level over 10 divisions

2.7 Frequency Response -3.0 ∼ +1 dB, 1 ㎑ to 10 ㎒

±1.5 dB, 10 ㎒ to 3.0 ㎓
(10 dB RF attenuation)
2.8 Attenuator
2.8.1 Range 0 to 50 dB, Selected manually or automatically
coupled to reference level.
2.8.2 Resolution 10 dB steps.
2.8.3 Accuracy ±0.5 dB/step, 100 ㎒
±1.5 dB/maximum step, 100 ㎒
2.9 Reference Level
2.9.1 Accuracy ±1.5 dB (50 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓)
2.9.2 Range -110 dBm to +30 dBm
2.9.3 Resolution 0.1dB

2.10 Residual Spurious ≤-85 dBm (Input terminated, 0 dB attenuation)

2.11 Harmonic Distortion ≤-65 dBc, -30 dBm input, 0 dB attenuation

rd
2.12 3 order Intermodulation Distortion ≤-65 dBc, 〈700 ㎒, -30dBm input, 0 dB att.
≤-70 dBc, ≥700 ㎒, -30dBm input, 0 dB att.

2.13 Other Input Related Spurious ≤-60 dBc, 10 ㎒ to 3.0 ㎓, -30 dBm input
2.14 Resolution Bandwidth
2.14.1 Selections 300 ㎐, 1 ㎑, 3 ㎑, 10 ㎑, 30 ㎑, 100 ㎑, 300 ㎑,
1 ㎒, and 3 ㎒ [10 ㎐, 30 ㎐, 100 ㎐ Option]
2.14.2 Accuracy ≤+20 %
2.14.3 Selectivity 60 dB/3 dB ratio ≤ 15:1
60 dB/6 dB ratio ≤ 12:1 ; 9 ㎑, 120 ㎑
(Quasi Peak Option)

1-6
 SECTION 1 GENERAL

2.14.4 Switching Error ≤±1.0 dB (3 ㎑ Reference RBW)

2.15 Video Bandwidth Selection 1 ㎐, 3 ㎐, 10 ㎐, 30 ㎐, 100 ㎐, 300 ㎐, 1 ㎑,

3 ㎑, 30 ㎑, 100 ㎑, 300 ㎑, 1 ㎒, None
3.0 SWEEP
3.1 Rate 20 ㎳ to 1000 sec
25 ㎲ to 15 sec (ZERO SPAN)
3.1.1 Sweep Rate Accuracy ±20 %, ＜100 msec
±10 %, for all other sweep rates
3.2 Trigger
3.2.1 Source External(rear), Line, Video, Free Run
3.2.2 Mode Single, Continuous
3.2.3 Coupling DC
3.2.4 Ext Rear Level TTL Level
3.2.5 Delay ±one sweep time (Zero Span)
(25 ㎲ to 15 sec Range)
1.0 DISPLAY
4.1 Type 6.4” Color LCD
4.2 Digital Resolution 640H × 480V active display area
4.3 Marker Modes Peak Search, Delta Marker, Marker Track,
Marker to Center, Marker to Reference
Multi Peak Search (9 markers maximum)
4.4 Display Traces at One Time 2 Traces

5.0 MEMORY
5.1 Trace Storage Stored traces including user defined traces and
test limits (Up to 1,000 EA)
5.2 Setup Storage Up to 2000.

6.0 INPUTS
6.1 RF Input
6.1.1 Connector Type N Female, 50 ohm nominal
6.1.2 VSWR ＜ 1.5:1, 150 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓
(with 10 dB Input attenuation)
6.1.3 Max. Input Level ±50 VDC, +30 dBm (with 40 dB Input
attenuation)
LO Emission ≤-70 dBm (with 10 dB attenuation)

1-7
SECTION 1 GENERAL

7.0 OUTPUTS
7.1 IF Output 10.7 ㎒, Nominal
7.2 Video Output 0 to 5VDC (TTL Level)
7.3 SWP Gate Output 0 to 5VDC (TTL Level)
7.4 EXT VGA Output External VGA Output(Color)
7.5 Power Probe
3 pin connector( +15 V, -12 V, GND)

8.0 FREQUENCY STANDARD STANDARD HIGH STABILITY OPTION

8.1 Temperature Stability ±2 ppm ±0.2 ppm
8.2 Aging ±1 ppm/year ±0.2 ppm/year

9.0 EXTERNAL REFERENCE Switchable between Internal/External

9.1 Connector BNC female connector
9.2 Input Level -5 dBm to +15 dBm
9.3 Output Level +5 dBm nominal

10.0 IEEE-488 (GPIB) INTERFACE (option)

10.1 Conforms to IEEE-Standard 488.1-1987
10.2 Implemented Subsets SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, E2,
LE0, TE0

11.0 RS-232C INTERFACE

11.1 TYPE Full Duplex
11.2 Baud Rate 110bps, 300 bps, 1200bps, 2400bps, 4800bps,
9600bps, 19.2kbps, 38.4kbps, 57.6kbps, 115.2kbps
11.3 Parity Check Odd, Even or None
11.4 Data Length 7 bits, 8 bits
11.5 Stop Bit 1 bit, 2 bits
11.6 Protocol XON_XOFF, RTS_CTS, DTR_DSR, NONE

12.0 PRINTER
12.1 Driver PCL3 or upper (Non Emulation Only)
12.2 Connector Standard 25 pin female D-Sub Parallel Printer

1-8
 SECTION 1 GENERAL

13.0 QUASI PEAK DETECTOR (option)

SELECTED RECOMMENDED CHARGE DISCHARGE DISPLAY

BANDWIDTH FREQUENCY RANGE TIME(㎳) TIME(㎳) TIME(㎳)

9㎑ 150 ㎑ to 30 ㎒ 1±20% 160±20% 160±20%

120 ㎑ 30 ㎒ to 1 ㎓ 1±20% 550±20% 100±20%

14.0 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

14.1 Dimensions 13.78” (350mm) width (including handle)
7.28” (185mm) height
15.00” (381mm) depth
14.2 Weight 20.8 lbs (9.4 ㎏) without options
14.3 Warm-up Time 15 minutes
14.4 Power Requirements (standard)
14.4.1 Source Voltage and Frequency 100 - 240 VAC at 50/60 ㎐
14.4.2 Power Consumption 90 Watts maximum (with no option)
14.5 Fuse Requirements 3.15 A, 250 V, Type T, 2 EA
14.6 Environmental Range Meets MIL-T-28800E for Type 2, Class 5
14.6.1 Temperature 0 to 40℃ (operating)
-20 to 70℃ (storage)
14.6.2 Humidity 85% operating, 90% storage (Non Condensing)
14.6.3 Vibration Meets MIL-T-28800E for Type 2, Class 5
14.6.4 Altitude Operation up to 3,000 meters
Non-operational up to 40,000 feet(12,192m)

14.7 Product Safety Complies with EN61010-1 : 2001

14.7.1 Supplemental Environmental Conditions
14.7.1.1 Mains Supply Voltage Fluctuations :
≤±10% of the nominal voltage
14.7.1.2 Transient Over voltages According to Installation Category Ⅱ
14.7.1.3 Pollution Degree 2

14.8 RF Emissions and Immunity

14.8.1 RF Emissions : EN 55011 : 1998+A1 : 1999+A2 : 2002 Group1 Class A
14.8.2 RF Immunity : EN 61326 : 1997+A1 : 1998+A2 : 2001+A3 : 2003

1-9
SECTION 1 GENERAL

<BLANK>

1-10
 SECTION 2 PREAPARATIONS BEFORE USE

SECTION 2
PREPARATIONS BEFORE USE

This section explains the preparations and safety procedures that should be performed
before using the Spectrum Analyzer. The safety procedures are to prevent the risk of
injury to the operator and damage to the equipment.
Ensure that you understand the contents of the pre-operation preparations before using
the Spectrum Analyzer.
For connecting the GPIB cable and setting the GPIB address, see the remote control
operation in Programming Manual.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INSTALLATION SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ------------- 2-3

Locations to Be Avoided ------------------------------------------- 2-3
SAFETY MEASURES -------------------------------------------------- 2-4
Power On ---------------------------------------------------------- 2-4
Input Level to RF Input -------------------------------------------- 2-5
PREPARATIONS BEFORE POWER ON -------------------------------- 2-6
Protective Grounding ------------------------------------------------ 2-7
Replacing Fuse ----------------------------------------------------- 2-8

2-1
SECTION 2 PREPARATIONS BEFORE USE

<BLANK>

2-2
 SECTION 2 PREAPARATIONS BEFORE USE

SECTION 2
PREPARATIONS BEFORE USE

INSTALLATION SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Locations to Be Avoided

The Spectrum Analyzer operates normally at temperatures from 0 to 40℃. However, for
best performance, the following situations should be avoided.
Where there is severe vibration.
Where the humidity is high.
Where the equipment will be exposed to direct sunlight.
Where the equipment will be exposed to active gases.
In addition to meeting the above conditions, to ensure long term trouble free operation,
the equipment should be used at room temperature and in a location where the power
supply voltage does not fluctuate greatly.

CAUTION
If the Spectrum Analyzer is used at normal temperatures after it has been used or
stored for a long time low temperatures, there is a risk of short circuiting caused by
condensation.
To prevent this risk, do not turn the Spectrum Analyzer on until it has been allowed
to dry out sufficiently.

To suppress any internal temperature increase, the Spectrum Analyzer has a fan on the
rear panel. As shown in the diagram below, leave a gap of at least 10 ㎝ between the
rear panel and wall, nearby equipment or obstructions so that fan ventilation is not
blocked.

10 ㎝
WALL
FAN CAUTION

2-3
SECTION 2 PREPARATIONS BEFORE USE

SAFETY MEASURES

This paragraph explains the safety procedures which should be followed under all
circumstances to prevent the risk of an accidental electric shock, damage to the
equipment or a major operation interruption.

Power On

WARNING

The Spectrum Analyzer must be connected to protective

Before Power on
ground.
If the power is switched on without taking this precaution,
there is a risk of receiving an accidental electric shock.
In addition, it is essential to check the power source voltage.
If an abnormal voltage that exceeds the specified value is
input, there is accidental risk of damage to the Spectrum
Analyzer and fire.

In the following, special notes on safety procedures are extracted from sections other
than section 2.
To prevent accidents, read this section together with the related sections before
beginning operation.

2-4
 SECTION 2 PREAPARATIONS BEFORE USE

Input Level to RF Input

Frequency range : 1 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓

Measurement level : The maximum signal level which can

be applied to the Type N RF input connector is +30 dBm.

WARNING

The RF Input circuit is not protected against excessive power.

If a signal exceeding +30 dBm is applied, the input attenuator and internal circuit
will be damaged.

Do not input over ±50 VDC to the Type N RF input connector

2-5
SECTION 2 PREPARATIONS BEFORE USE

PREPARATIONS BEFORE POWER ON

The Spectrum Analyzer operates normally when it is connected to an 100 VAC to 240
VAC (automatic voltage selected automatically) 50 to 60 ㎐ AC power supply. To prevent
the following, take the necessary procedures described on the following pages before
power is supplied.
Accidental electric shock.
Damage caused by abnormal voltage.
Ground current problems.
To protect the operator, the following WARNING and CAUTION notices are attached to
the rear panel of the Spectrum Analyzer.

WARNING CAUTION

TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK, FOR CONTINUED FIRE PROTECTION

THE PROTECTIVE GROUNDING CONDUCTOR REPLACE ONLY WITH SPECIFIED
MUST BE CONNECTED TO GROUND. TYPE AND RATED FUSE.
DO NOT REMOVE COVERS.
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.

WARNING

Disassembly, adjustment, maintenance, or other access inside this instrument is to

be performed qualified personnel only. Maintenance of this instrument should be
performed only by trained service personnel who are familiar with the risk involved of
fire and electric shock. Potentially lethal voltages existing inside this instrument, if
contacted accidentally, may result in personal injury or death, or in the possibility of
damage to precision components.

Always follow the instructions on the following pages.

2-6
 SECTION 2 PREAPARATIONS BEFORE USE

Protective Grounding

Grounding with frame ground (FG) terminal

When there is no grounded AC power-supply outlet, the protective frame ground (FG)
terminal on the rear panel must be connected directly to ground potential.

WARNING

If power is applied without protective grounding,

there is a risk of accidental electric shock. The
protective frame ground (FG) terminal on the
rear frame, or the ground pin of the supplied
power cord must be connected to ground
potential before power is supplied to the
Spectrum Analyzer.

FG

2-7
SECTION 2 PREPARATIONS BEFORE USE

Replacing Fuse

WARNING

If the fuses are replaced while power is supplied, there is a serious risk of electric
shock. Before replacing the fuses, set the power switch to OFF and remove the
power cord from the power outlet.
If power is supplied without protective grounding, there is a risk of accidental
electric shock. In addition, if the AC power supply voltage is excessive, there is a
risk of the internal circuits of the Spectrum Analyzer being damaged by the
abnormal voltage. Before supplying power again after changing the fuses, check
that the protective grounding described previously in still connected, and check that
the AC power supply voltage is suitable. Then, set the power switch to ON.

CAUTION

When there are no supplied spare fuses, the replacement fuses must have the same
voltage and current rating as specified.
If the replacement fuses are not of the same type, they may not fit correctly,
there may be a faulty connection, or the time for the fuses to blow may be too
long.
If the voltage and current rating of the fuses is incorrect, the fuse may not blow
causing damage to the equipment.

2-8
 SECTION 2 PREAPARATIONS BEFORE USE

The fuses are inserted in the fuse holder and must be replaced if they blow. If the fuses
must be replaced, locate and remedy the cause before replacing the blown fuses. The
Spectrum Analyzer, with standard accessories, has two spare T3.15A fuses.
After performing the safety procedures described on the preceding page, replace the
fuses according to the following procedure.

CAUTION

Step Procedure

1 Set the front panel [Power] switch to STBY and the rear panel [Line]
switch to OFF. Then, remove the power cord from the power-supply outlet.

2 Pull out the fuse holder at the rear panel with pressing the fuse holder
hook.

3 Remove the fuse from the fuse cap and replace it with a spare fuse.
(The direction does not matter.)

4 Put the fuse cap with fuse into the fuse holder and insert it by pushing
inward.

2-9
SECTION 2 PREPARATIONS BEFORE USE

<BLANK>

2-10
 SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

SECTION 3
PANEL DESCRIPTION

In this section the front and rear panels are described.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF FRONT AND REAR RANEL FEATURES -------------------- 3-3

TABLE OF I/O CONNECTORS ---------------------------------------- 3-8
GPIB CONNECTOR (option) ------------------------------------------- 3-9
RS-232C CONNECTOR ------------------------------------------------ 3-10
PRINTER CONNECTOR ------------------------------------------------ 3-11
EXT VGA CONNECTOR ----------------------------------------------- 3-12
PROBE POWER CONNECTOR ------------------------------------------ 3-13

3-1
SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

<BLANK>

3-2
 SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

SECTION 3
PANEL DESCRIPTION

In this section, the front and rear panels are described.

- Fig. 3-1 Front panel
- Fig. 3-2 Rear panel
This manual express the key on the front panel, call it a hard key, as boxed letter. And
the key of menu(F1 ~ F7), call it a soft key, is expressed as italic.
Example] FREQ Center

TABLE OF FRONT AND REAR PANEL FEATURES

NO Panel Marking Explanation of Function

1 (LCD) This is liquid crystal display. It display the trace waveforms, the
parameter settings, the value of marker, and the soft menu keys,
etc.
2 F1 ∼ F7 These are the soft keys for selecting the soft key menus linked
to the panel key operation.
3 FUNCTION
FREQ This is the frequency parameter data input section.
SPAN This is the span parameter data input section.
AMPL This is the amplitude parameter data input section.
MEAS This key sets the measurement functions.

4 MARKER
MKR This key sets marker.
OFF This key function is the marker off.
MKR > This key is the marker shift function.
PEAK This key is related the peak search function.

3-3
SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

NO Panel Marking Explanation of Function

5 CONTROL
TRIG This sets the trigger functions.
CPL This set the RBW, VBW, sweep time.
DISP This key sets the display functions.
TRACE This section is for selection the trace waveform, detection mode
and video average mode.
6 SYSTEM
SAVE This key is used for saving the waveforms status, and limit lines.
FILE This key is used for recalling the waveforms, status, and limit lines.
LIMIT This key sets the limit line functions.
SYSTEM This key sets the configuration of system.
PRESET This sets the measurement parameters to the default values.
Also calibration menus are include under this key.
AUX This key sets the auxiliary functions, such as FM/AM demodulation,
audio control and squelch control.
TG This key is used for tracking generator function.
PRINT This key is used for printing.
7 (USB Port) This is the In-Out Port to use USB equipment for memory only.
8 (SCROLL KNOB) This key is used for scrolling the parameters.
9 (STEP KEY) These keys are used for up/down the parameters.
10 RF INPUT This is the RF input connector.
11 PROBE This is for RF probe power.
12 RF OUTPUT This is the tracking generator output connector.
(If option is not attached, this is not provided.)
13 DATA ENTRY These keys set the numeric data, units, and special functions.
[ ∧, ∨ ] Increment and decrement input data.
[ 0…9, +/-, BS, ENTER ] Numeric data setting key
14 PHONE This is a output connector for earphone.
15 KEYBOARD This key is used for keyboard, but reserved for other function.
(Only for system calibration and maintenance)

3-4
 SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

16 STBY/ON This is the power switch. It can be used when the back panel
power switch is on. The power on condition is fetched from the
STBY condition when the key is pressed momentary. The
equipment is returned to the STBY condition from the power on
condition when the key is pressed again for about 1 seconds.
17 IF OUT This is the IF output connector, This signal is band-width controlled
by the RBW setting
18 VIDEO This is an output connector.
19 EXT TRIG This is an input connector for the external trigger.
20 RS-232C This is the RS-232C connector. Connect it to system controller.
21 EXT VGA This is VGA output for external monitor.
22 (OFF/ON) This is the fused AC power switch.
(Inlet) This is the fused AC power inlet to which the supplied power
cord is connected.
(Fuse Holder) It contains two lag fuses.
23 PRINTER This is for use with the printer.
24 SWP GATE This is an output connector for sweep gate signal.
25 REF I/O This is the input/output connector for an external reference
10.0 MHz crystal oscillator. When the external reference signal input to this
connector, user turns this port on from the front panel. An
indication is supplied at the bottom of the screen.
26 GPIB (option) This is for use with the GPIB interface. It is the connector to an
external system controller. (If option is not attached, this is not
provided.)
27 (FAN) This is the cooling fan ventilating internally generated heat.
Leave a clearance of a 10 ㎝ around the fan.
28 (FG) This is the frame ground terminal.

3-5
SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

7 8 9 10

5
11

4
12

3 13

2 14

1
15

16

Fig 3-1. Front Panel

3-6
 SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

22
21
23

20

19 24

18

17
25

26

27

28

Fig 3-2. Rear Panel

3-7
SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

TABLE OF I/O CONNECTORS

CONNECTOR TYPE IN/OUT SIGNAL LOCATION

AC INPUT IEC 320 Socket Input AC Power Rear 22

RF INPUT Type N Female Input 1 ㎑ ∼ 3.0 ㎓ Front 10

RF OUT (Option) Type N Female Output 100 ㎑ ∼ 3.0 ㎓ Front 12

EXT TRIG BNC Female Input TTL LEVEL Rear 19

SWP GATE BNC Female Output TTL LEVEL Rear 24

VIDEO BNC Female Output 0 ∼ 5 VDC Rear 18

Input / IN : 10 ㎒
REF I/O BNC Female Rear 25
Output OUT : 10 ㎒

IF OUT BNC Female Output 10.7 ㎒ Rear 17

GPIB (Option) 24-Pin Champ IN/OUT See Pin-Out (Table 2) Rear 26

25-Pin, D-sub Screen Print Data

PRINTER Output Rear 23
Female See Pin-Out (Table 4)

9-Pin, D-sub
RS-232C IN/OUT See Pin-Out (Table 3) Rear 20
Male
15-Pin, D-sub
EXT VGA Output See Pin-Out (Table 5) Rear 21
Female

Table 1. I/O Connector

3-8
 SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

GPIB CONNECTOR (for GPIB Option)

The IEEE-488 GPIB Connector complies with ANSI/IEEE Standard 488.2-1987.

PIN NUMBER SIGNAL PIN NUMBER SIGNAL

1 DIO 1 13 DIO 5

2 DIO 2 14 DIO 6

3 DIO 3 15 DIO 7

4 DIO 4 16 DIO 8

5 EQI 17 REN

6 DAV 18 Ground

7 NRFD 19 Ground

8 NDAC 20 Ground

9 IFC 21 Ground

10 SRQ 22 Ground

11 ATN 23 Ground

12 Ground 24 Ground

Table 2. Pin-Out for IEEE-488 GPIB Connector

Figure 3. IEEE-488 GPIB Connector

3-9
SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

RS-232C CONNECTOR

PIN NUMBER SIGNAL

1 DCD

2 RXD

3 TXD

4 DTR

5 Ground

6 DSR

7 RTS

8 CTS

9 RI (NC)

Table 3. Pin-Out for RS-232C Connector

Figure 4. RS-232C Connector

3-10
 SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

PRINTER CONNECTOR

PIN NUMBER SIGNAL

1 STB
2 PD0
3 PD1
4 PD2
5 PD3
6 PD4
7 PD5
8 PD6
9 PD7
10 ACK
11 BUSY
12 PE
13 SLCT
14 AFD
15 ERROR
16 INIT
17 SLIN
18 Ground
19 Ground
20 Ground
21 Ground
22 Ground
23 Ground
24 Ground
25 Ground
Table 4. Pin-Out for PRINTER Connector

Figure 5. PRINTER Connector

3-11
SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

EXT VGA CONNECTOR

PIN NUMBER SIGNAL

1 RED

2 GREEN

3 BLUE

4 ID2

5 GND

6 RGND

7 GGND

8 BGND

9 KEY

10 SGND

11 ID0

12 ID1 or SDA

13 HSYNC or CSYNC

14 VSYNC

15 ID3 or SCL

Table 5. Pin-Out for EXT VGA Connector

Figure 6. EXT VGA Connector

3-12
 SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

PROBE POWER CONNECTOR

PIN NUMBER Voltage Current

1 +15 V±10 % 200 ㎃

2 -12 V±10 % 100 ㎃

3 GND

Table 6. Pin-Out for PROBE POWER Connector

Figure 7. PROBE POWER Connector

3-13
SECTION 3 PANEL DESCRIPTION

<BLANK>

3-14
 SECTION 4 MENU TREE

SECTION 4
MENU TREE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MENU TREE ---------------------------------------------------------- 4-4

FREQ, SPAN, AMPL ------------------------------------------------ 4-4
MEAS -------------------------------------------------------------- 4-5
MKR ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4-6
MKR＞, PEAK ------------------------------------------------------- 4-7
TRIG, CPL ---------------------------------------------------------- 4-8
DISP -------------------------------------------------------------- 4-9
TRACE ------------------------------------------------------------- 4-10
FILE ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4-11
LIMIT, SYSTEM ----------------------------------------------------- 4-12
PRESET, AUX, TG -------------------------------------------------- 4-13

4-1
SECTION 4 MENU TREE

<BLANK>

4-2
 SECTION 4 MENU TREE

SECTION 4
MENU TREE

In this section, soft menu functions and its system hierarchy are described using a menu
tree.
Contents to noted about the tree are shown below

(1) Panel key indicates a hard key on the panel.

(2) SOFT MENU 1 keys are displayed on the screen when the panel key is pressed.
SOFT MENU 2 indicates another menu below the SOFT MENU 1.

(3) When the Prev.. key is pressed on SOFT MENU 2 keys.

It will go to SOFT MENU 1 menu.

(4) The menu of disabled option or disabled function key will not operate with white
letter on the function menu.

4-3
SECTION 4 MENU TREE

MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

FREQ Center 10㎒ Ref. [EXT / INT]

Start Auto Tune
Stop
CF Step
CF Step [AUTO / MNL]
Freq. Offset [OFF / ON] Cal. Signal [OFF / ON]
More.. Prev..

10dB/DIV
SPAN WidthSpan
5dB/DIV
Full Span
2dB/DIV
Zero Span
1dB/DIV
Last Span
Zoom In
Zoom Out
Prev..

dBm
AMPL Ref. Level dBmV
Atten. [AUTO / MNL] dBuV
Log VOLTS
Linear WATTS
Scale.. dBuV/m
Unit.. Prev..
More..
Input Z [ 50 / 75 ]
Reg. Offset [ OFF / ON ]

* CATV/EMC option Int Amp [ OFF / ON ] *

Prev..

4-4
 SECTION 4 MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

MEAS X dB Down.. X[dB] Point [ value ]

Adjacent CH Power.. Start
Channel Power.. Stop
Occupied BandWidth..
Harmonic Distortion..
Clear Measurement
More.. Prev..

Continuous [OFF / ON] MainChBW [ value ]

* QP Quasi-Peak Measure.. * AdjChBW [ value ]
option
ChSpacing [ value ]
Meas. Avg. [OFF / ON]
Start
Stop
Prev.. Prev..

QP_B [OFF / ON] Integ. BW [ value ]

QP_C [OFF / ON] Ch PWR Span [ value ]
Max Hold [OFF / ON]
Meas. Avg. [OFF / ON]
Start
Stop
Prev.. Prev..

Harmonics [ order ] OBW Span [ value ]

Averaging [OFF / ON] OBW %PWR [ value ]
Start Start
Stop Stop

Prev.. Prev..

4-5
SECTION 4 MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

MKR Sel. Marker [no.]

Normal
Delta
OFF
MKR Trace [A / B]
Edit Mkr Name.. * * Marker Edit option
More..

ReadOut.. [ type ] Frequency

Function.. [ mode ] Period
MKR Table [OFF / ON] Time
Inverse Time

Default Mkr Name

Prev.. Prev..

type : Frequency, Period, Time,

Inverse Time
mode : Mkr Noise, Phase Noise, MKR Noise
Counter, Quasi Peak, Off Phase Noise [ value ]
Counter [ value ]
* QP option Quasi Peak [QP_B/QP_C]*

Off

Prev..

4-6
 SECTION 4 MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

MKR＞ Mkr＞CF dMkr＞Span

Mkr＞CFstep dMkr＞CFstep
Mkr＞Start Mkr＞ZoomIN
Mkr＞Stop Mkr＞ZoomOUT
Mkr＞Ref
Undo Undo
More.. Prev..

PEAK Next Peak

NPeakLeft
NPeakRight
MinSearch
Pk-Pk Search
Mkr Track [OFF / ON]
More..

Search Param.. Excur. [dB] [value ]

Continuous [OFF / ON] Thresh. [dB] [ value ]
Peak Number [no.] Search Par. [DFLT / MANL]

Multi Peak Search

Prev.. Prev..

4-7
SECTION 4 MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

TRIG Continuous Free Run

Single Video [ value ]
Source.. Line
Trig Delay External
Time Gate [OFF / ON] TV Trig.. *
Time Gate Set..
Trig Edge [Fall/Rise] Prev..

* CATV option Line [ value ]

Field [ODD / EVEN]

Standard [ type ]

Prev..

Delay [ value ]

All Auto Length [ value ]

CPL
RBW Control [Level / Edge]

RBW [AUTO / MNL] Edge [NEG / POS]

VBW
VBW [AUTO / MNL]
Swp Time Prev..

Swp Time [AUTO / MNL]

4-8
 SECTION 4 MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

DISP Disp. Line [ Value ] Sel. Char

Disp. Line [OFF / ON] Back Space
Thresh. Line [ Value ] Delete
Thresh. Line [OFF / ON] Clear
Screen Title.. Insert Sw [Insert/Ovrwt]
Enter..
More.. Undo..

Graticule [OFF / ON]

Annotation [OFF / ON]

White Mode [OFF / ON]

Prev..

4-9
SECTION 4 MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

TRACE Clr & Wrt [B / A] Average [OFF / ON]

Max Hold [B / A] Count [ value ]
Min Hold [B / A] Cycle [OFF / ON]
View [B / A] Stop
Blank [B / A] Continuous
Select [B / A] Reset
More.. Prev..

Average.. Normal
Detect.. Sample
Math.. Pos Peak
Neg Peak
Average

Prev.. Prev..

A-B → A
B-DL → B
A+B → A
A-B+DL → A
A EXCH B
Math [OFF / ON]
Prev..

4-10
 SECTION 4 MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

FILE Load Sel. Char

Delete Back Space
Copy to Delete
Rename.. Clear
Disk [D or E: / C:] Insert Sw [Insert/Overwt]
File Type* [ type ] Enter..
More 1 of 3 Undo..

* File Type
[All/State/Trace/Limit/Bitmap...]

Sort Key [ type ]

Sort Direct [Ascend/Descend]

Copy All
Delete All
Filename [Auto/Title]

More 2 of 3

Change Attr.

Use USB FLOPPY

Use USB Disk

More 3 of 3

4-11
SECTION 4 MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

LIMIT UpPassChk [OFF / ON] Select [LOW / UP]

LowPassChk [OFF / ON] Mark Dot
Make Limit.. Axis [X / Y]
Undo
Clear Limit Clear

End..

*1 Refer to Each optional

SYSTEM SA Mode..
Measurement manual.
CDMA Mode.. *1
EMC Mode.. *1 Size.. [1page / 1/4page]
1
DTF Mode.. * Color.. [Gray / Color]
Source Mode.. *1 Model.. [ model ]
CATV Mode.. *1 Print Out to [ direc ]
More 1 of 3 White Mode [ OFF / ON ]

Printer Config.. Prev..

Clock Set.. - direc : PRN, D: or E:, C:
GPIB Set.. *3 Time Set
RS232C Set.. Date Set

More 2 of 3

Factory Config.. *2 Prev..

System Option.. *2
Address [ add ]
Install..
Version Info..
Option Info..
Load Fac. Default
More 3 of 3

*2 Needed Password Prev..

*3 GPIB Option
Baudrate [value ]
Data Len. [ value]
Stop Bit [value]
Parity [type ]
Protocol [type]

Prev..

4-12
 SECTION 4 MENU TREE

Panel Key Soft Menu 1 Soft Menu 2

PRESET Preset All Align

Last State Yig Align
Alignment Mode.. Span Align
Power On [Preset / Last] Level Align
Cal. Signal [OFF / ON] Log Align
Auto Align [OFF / ON] RBW Align
Prev..

AUX AM Demod. [OFF / ON]

FM Demod. [OFF / ON]
Audio Sound [OFF / ON]
Audio Level [ value ]
Squelch Lev [ value ]
Disp. Temp [OFF / ON]

TG Tracker [OFF / ON]

Output Level
Normal [OFF / ON]
Pwr Swp [OFF / ON]
Automatic Freq. Cal.
Manual Freq. Cal.

4-13
SECTION 4 MENU TREE

<BLANK>

4-14
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

SECTION 5
OPERATING PROCEDURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SCREEN LAYOUT ---------------------------------------------------- 5-5

ANNOTATION WINDOW ---------------------------------------------- 5-6
FREQ/SPAN FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------------------- 5-7
Center–Span Mode Frequency Data Entry --------------------------- 5-7
Start-Stop Mode Frequency Data Entry ----------------------------- 5-8
Setting Center Frequency Step ------------------------------------- 5-9
Setting Frequency Offset ------------------------------------------- 5-10
Setting Full Span --------------------------------------------------- 5-10
Setting Zero Span ------------------------------------------------- 5-11
Return to the Previous Span -------------------------------------- 5-11
Zoom In/Zoom Out ------------------------------------------------ 5-11
10 ㎒ Ref. --------------------------------------------------------- 5-12
Auto Tune --------------------------------------------------------- 5-12
Cal Signal --------------------------------------------------------- 5-12
AMPLITUDE FUNCTIONS --------------------------------------------- 5-13
Setting Reference Level ------------------------------------------- 5-13
Selecting Log/Linear Detector Mode ------------------------------- 5-13
Setting Amplitude Scale -------------------------------------------- 5-14
Setting Amplitude Units -------------------------------------------- 5-14
Setting Input Attenuation ------------------------------------------- 5-15
Selecting Input Impedance ----------------------------------------- 5-15
Setting the Reference Level Offset -------------------------------- 5-16
Setting Internal Amp (option) -------------------------------------- 5-16
MEASUREMENT FUNCTIONS ------------------------------------------ 5-17
X dB Down Measurement ------------------------------------------ 5-17
Adjacent Channel Power Measurement ------------------------------ 5-18
Channel Power Measurement --------------------------------------- 5-18
Occupied Bandwidth Measurement ---------------------------------- 5-19
Harmonic Distortion Measurement ---------------------------------- 5-20
Clear Measurement ------------------------------------------------ 5-21
Continue Measurement -------------------------------------------- 5-21
Quasi-Peak (option) ------------------------------------------------ 5-21
MARKER FUNCTIONS ------------------------------------------------ 5-22
Selecting & Changing Marker Position ------------------------------ 5-22

5-1
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Normal Marker ----------------------------------------------------- 5-23

Delta Marker ------------------------------------------------------ 5-23
Marker Off by Reverse Step --------------------------------------- 5-24
Setting the MKR Trace --------------------------------------------- 5-24
Setting the Marker Readout Mode ---------------------------------- 5-25
Setting the Marker Function ---------------------------------------- 5-26
Setting the Marker Table ------------------------------------------- 5-26
SETTING PARAMETERS USING MARKER VALUES --------------------- 5-27
MKR＞CF / MKR＞Ref ----------------------------------------------- 5-27
MKR＞Start / MKR＞Stop ------------------------------------------ 5-27
Mkr＞CFstep / dMkr＞Cfstep --------------------------------------- 5-28
dMkr＞Span -------------------------------------------------------- 5-28
Mkr＞ZoomIN / Mkr＞ZoomOUT ------------------------------------ 5-28
PEAK SEARCH FUNCTIONS ------------------------------------------- 5-29
Peak Search -------------------------------------------------------- 5-29
Next Peak Search -------------------------------------------------- 5-29
Peak Left Search/Peak Right Search -------------------------------- 5-30
Marker Track ------------------------------------------------------- 5-30
Peak to Peak Search ----------------------------------------------- 5-30
Setting the Search Parameters ------------------------------------- 5-31
TRIGGER FUNCTIONS ------------------------------------------------- 5-32
Continuous Sweep Mode -------------------------------------------- 5-32
Single Sweep Mode ------------------------------------------------ 5-32
Trigger Source ----------------------------------------------------- 5-33
Video Trigger --------------------------------------------------- 5-33
Line Trigger ---------------------------------------------------- 5-34
External Trigger ------------------------------------------------ 5-34
Trigger Delay ------------------------------------------------------- 5-34
Select Trigger Edge ------------------------------------------------ 5-35
Time Gate ---------------------------------------------------------- 5-35
Time Gate Menu --------------------------------------------------- 5-36
COUPLED FUNCTIONS ------------------------------------------------ 5-37
All Auto Function --------------------------------------------------- 5-37
Setting the Resolution Bandwidth(RBW) ---------------------------- 5-38
Setting the Video Bandwidth(VBW) --------------------------------- 5-39
Sweep Time ------------------------------------------------------- 5-40
Input Attenuator --------------------------------------------------- 5-40
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS ------------------------------------------------- 5-42
Display Line -------------------------------------------------------- 5-42
Threshold Line ------------------------------------------------------ 5-43

5-2
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Screen Title -------------------------------------------------------- 5-43

Graticule ------------------------------------------------------------ 5-45
Annotation --------------------------------------------------------- 5-45
White Mode -------------------------------------------------------- 5-45
TRACE FUNCTIONS --------------------------------------------------- 5-46
Select Trace ------------------------------------------------------- 5-46
Clr & Wrt ---------------------------------------------------------- 5-46
Max Hold ------------------------------------------------------------ 5-46
Min Hold ----------------------------------------------------------- 5-47
View --------------------------------------------------------------- 5-47
Blank --------------------------------------------------------------- 5-47
Averaging Function ------------------------------------------------- 5-48
Detection Mode ---------------------------------------------------- 5-49
Mathematics Mode ------------------------------------------------- 5-50
SAVE AND FILE FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------------- 5-51
Internal Memory ---------------------------------------------------- 5-51
Save Parameters and Waveform ------------------------------------ 5-51
File Management --------------------------------------------------- 5-52
LIMIT LINE FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------------------- 5-55
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION --------------------------------------------- 5-57
Printer Configuration ------------------------------------------------ 5-57
Clock Set ---------------------------------------------------------- 5-58
GPIB Address Set (option) ----------------------------------------- 5-58
RS-232C Configuration ---------------------------------------------- 5-59
System Information ------------------------------------------------- 5-60
PRESET FUNCTIONS ------------------------------------------------- 5-61
Preset -------------------------------------------------------------- 5-61
Last State --------------------------------------------------------- 5-62
Alignment Mode ---------------------------------------------------- 5-62
Power ON ---------------------------------------------------------- 5-63
Cal Signal ---------------------------------------------------------- 5-63
Auto Align --------------------------------------------------------- 5-63
AUX FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------------------------- 5-64
AM Demodulation --------------------------------------------------- 5-64
FM Demodulation --------------------------------------------------- 5-64
Audio Monitor ------------------------------------------------------ 5-65
Temperature Monitor ---------------------------------------------- 5-66
TRACKING GENERATOR (option) -------------------------------------- 5-67

5-3
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

<BLANK>

5-4
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

SECTION 5
OPERATING PROCEDURES

SCREEN LAYOUT

1 8
2

4 10

3 9

5
6

① Title window : Display Model, Date, Time, User title.

② Upper parameter : Display Reference level, Scale, Attenutator, Mark parameter.
③ Wave display window : Display current trace A or B wave form.
④ Active window : Display current active menu parameter.
⑤ Lower parameter : Display Freq. Info., RBW, VBW, Sweep time, Cal signal
on/off, 10 ㎒ Ref info.
⑥ Status window : Display current job processing status.
⑦ Annotation window : Display Trig, Trace, Freq offset, Level offset, Detect mode.
(ref : Annotation Window 5-6)
⑧ Hard key menu : Display Selected hard key.
⑨ Soft key menu : Display Available soft function of selected hard key.
⑩ Uncal, average : Display the status of signal validity or average number.

5-5
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

ANNOTATION WINDOW

Trig Trace Offset Detect

F C W A V B F o R o Pos

Trig Mode Norm : Normal

Trace Trace
S: Single A B Samp : Sample

C: Continue Pos : Pos Peak

Neg : Neg Peak

Trig Source
Avg : Average
F : Free Run
Trace State
Reference level offset ON
V : Video
W : Clr & Wrt
L : Line Frequency offset ON
D : Disable
E : External
M : Max Hold
T : TV
m : Min Hold

V : View

B : Blank

a : Average

5-6
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

FREQ/SPAN FUNCTIONS

The observation frequency of the Spectrum Analyzer is set in either of two modes.
Center – Span Mode.
Start – Stop Mode.
The lower and upper limits are 1 ㎑ and 3.0 ㎓, respectively.

The FREQ key is used as the header key for setting the frequency.
The SPAN key is used as the header key for setting the frequency span.

Center – Span Mode Frequency Data Entry

1) Setting the center frequency

To set the center frequency, perform the following key operations :
( Numeric key, step key, and scroll knob are we said DATA ENTRAY )

Pushes number keys

and ENTER key, use
FREQ Center ← key for correcting

Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

The step size of step up-down key is 1/10 of current frequency span. (CF Step was set
in MNL)
The step size of scroll knob is 1/500 of the current frequency span.
Span can be changed if center move to near the boundary.
Example : Center 40 ㎒ , Span 80 ㎒, and change the center to 20 ㎒ then span will be
40 ㎒.

5-7
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

2) Setting the frequency span

To set the frequency span, perform the following key operations :

SPAN WidthSpan
Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

Span range is 100 ㎐ ~ 3.0 ㎓.

Changes in a 1, 2, 5 step sequence ; 1k, 2k, 5k, ……, 100k, 200k, 500k, …
The step size of scroll knob is 1/500 of the current frequency span.

Start – Stop Mode Frequency Data Entry

1) Setting the start frequency

To set the start frequency, perform the following key operations :

FREQ Start
Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

The step size of step up-down key is 1/10 of current frequency span.
The step size of scroll knob is 1/500 of the current frequency span.

5-8
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

2) Setting the stop frequency

To set the stop frequency, perform the following key operations :

FREQ Stop
Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

The step size of step up-down key size is 1/10 of the current frequency span.
The step size of scroll knob is 1/500 of the current frequency span.
Note : The start and the stop frequency are also determined by setting the center and
the span frequency. For example, if the center frequency is 40 ㎒ and the span
frequency is 20 ㎒, the start and the stop frequency are determined as 30 ㎒ and
50 ㎒ respectively.

Setting Center Frequency Step

To identify the step size as following :

FREQ CF Step
AUTO/MNL Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

The CF Step mode is changed from AUTO to MNL mode by pressing CF Step soft key.

5-9
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

In CF Step MNL (manual) mode, the step size can be set by the DATA ENTRY.
If CF Step [AUTO/MNL] “AUTO” is selected, the CF Step size will be 1/10 of the current
span.

Setting Frequency Offset

To set frequency offset, perform the following key operations :

FREQ Freq Offset

OFF/ON Numeric Key

The Freq Offset mode is changed from OFF to ON mode by pressing Freq Offset soft
key.

In Freq Offset [ON] mode, the frequency offset size can be set by the numeric key.
The settable frequency offset is up to ±999 ㎓.

Setting Full Span

To set full span and leave the other parameters, perform the following key operations :
Set to start frequency is 0 ㎐ and stop frequency is 3.0 ㎓.

SPAN Full Span

5-10
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Setting Zero Span

The Spectrum Analyzer can operate as a selective level meter in which the horizontal
axis is graduated as a time axis by setting the frequency span to 0 ㎐.
The rising and falling edges of signal burst wave can also be observed and measured.
Performing any of the following key operations allows the Spectrum Analyzer to operate
in the zero span mode.

SPAN Zero Span

SPAN 0 ㎐

Return to the Previous Span

The previous span is returned by the following key operation.

SPAN Last Span

Zoom In/Zoom Out

The Zoom In function changes the span from the current span to 1/2 of the current span.
The Zoom Out function changes the span form the current span to 2 times the current
span.
The center frequency is not changed.

SPAN Zoom In
Zoom Out

5-11
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

10 ㎒ Ref.

Set the reference clock for spectrum analyzer.

FREQ More.. 10 ㎒ Ref. [EXT / INT]

Default setting is INT.

Auto Tune

Detects the maximum peak point in full span and displays its spectrum in the center of
the screen and then changes to a small span width.
Last span width set to 1 ㎒.

FREQ More.. Auto Tune

Cal Signal

When the Cal Signal is on, the calibration signal is displayed.

The calibration signal is 40 ㎒, -30dBm.
This function is very useful for system self check.

FREQ More.. Cal Signal [OFF / ON]

5-12
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

AMPLITUDE FUNCTIONS

The AMPL key is used the header key for setting the amplitude.

Setting Reference Level

Set the reference level (top graticule) by performing the following key operations :

AMPL Ref Level

Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

The step key size is the 1 division of current scale. (ref : Setting Amplitude Scale 5-14)
The scroll knob step size is 0.1 dB.

Selecting Log/Linear Detector Mode

To set the amplitude scale to log scale or linear scale, perform the following key
operations :
(1) Setting log detector

AMPL Log

(2) Setting linear detector

AMPL Linear

The reference level remains constant, independent of switching between log and linear.

5-13
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Setting Amplitude Scale

In log scale, the Spectrum Analyzer provides the four scales : 10dB/DIV, 5dB/DIV, 2dB/DIV,
1dB/DIV.
In linear scale, the Spectrum Analyzer uses the Full Scale.
To select one of the scales, perform the following key operations :

Log Detector Mode

AMPL Scale 10dB/DIV Prev..

5dB/DIV
2dB/DIV
1dB/DIV

Setting Amplitude Units

In log scale, the Spectrum Analyzer provide the five types of reference level units : dBm,
dBmV, dBuV, VOLTS, WATTS.
To select on of the reference level units, perform the following key operations.
The reference level unit used for the linear scale is only in Volt.

AMPL Unit dBm Prev..

dBmV
dBuV
VOLTS
WATTS
dBuV/m

5-14
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Setting Input Attenuation

Perform the following key operation to set the input attenuator level.

AMPL Atten.
[AUTO/MNL] Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

The Atten mode [AUTO or MNL] is changed by pressing the Atten key.
In Atten MNL (manual) mode, the step size can set by the numeric keys, step keys and
scroll knob. (Range 0 to 50 dB) (ref : Input Attenuator 5-39)
If Atten “AUTO” is selected, the input attenuator will be coupled by the current
reference level automatically.

Selecting Input Impedance

To select on of the input impedance, perform the following key operations.

AMPL More.. Input Z [ 50 / 75 ]

Using Input Z [ 50 / 75 ] menu, selecting input impedance 50 ohm or 75 ohm. When

Input Z [75], this gives the method that user can use spectrum analyzer in such
environment as ignore reflection and calculate considering purely impedance matching.

5-15
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Setting the Reference Level Offset

Set the reference level offset by performing the following key operations :

AMPL Ref. Offset

Numeric Key

The reference level offset size is -217.3dB to 297.6dB.

Setting Internal Amp (option)

Set the internal amp to operate by performing the following key operations :

AMPL More.. Int Amp [OFF / ON]

Operate only in lower –20 dBm input signal level. Otherwise

CAUTION Spectrum Analyzer will damaged.

5-16
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

MEASURMENT FUNCTIONS

The Spectrum Analyzer provides the following measurement functions :

X dB Down Measurement
Adjacent Channel Power Measurement
Channel Power Measurement
Occupied Bandwidth Measurement
Harmonic Distortion Measurement

The measurement can be made in single or continuous sweep mode. Using Continuous
[OFF/ON] Softkey. Each measurement should close by press MEAS Clear Measurement.

X dB Down Measurement

The X dB Down function displays the difference in frequency between a reference marker
(◇) and another marker (→ ←) that is X dB down from the reference.
The relative dB range that can be specified for X from the screen dynamic range is
selected using the step key or scroll knob. The default value is 3 dB.

To use the X dB Down measurement function, perform the following key operations :

MEAS XdB Down..

X [dB] Point : Place left and right markers at X dB down from the reference
marker.

Start : When this key is pressed, X dB Down is executed continuously.

When Continuous off, one measurement executed.
(ref : Continue Measurement 5-21)

Stop : Stop X dB Down Measurement.

5-17
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Adjacent Channel Power Measurement

Determine the power in the center and adjacent channels of a signal (designated by three
of marker line).

MEAS Adjacent CH Power.. MainChBW

AdjChBW
ChSpacing
Meas. Avg. [OFF / ON]
Start
Stop
Prev..
The measurement setup is done by numeric keys, step keys or scroll knob after pressed
each soft key. [MainChBW, AdjChBW, ChSpacing]
These BW and spacing will be adjusted until warning or error message on the bottom of
measurement clear. To get more stable measurement value, Meas Avg. function can be set
ON.

Channel Power Measurement

Measure the power and power spectral density in the channel bandwidth specified by user.

MEAS Channel Power.. Integ. BW

Ch PWR Span
MAX HOLD [OFF / ON]
Meas. Avg. [OFF / ON]
Start
Stop
Prev..
The measurement setup is done by numeric keys, step keys or Scroll knob after each
soft keys [Integ BW, Ch PWR Span].
These BW and spacing will be adjusted until warning or error message on the bottom of
measurement clear. To get more stable measurement value, Meas Avg. function can be set
ON.
The center frequency, reference level and channel bandwidth must be set by user.

5-18
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Occupied Bandwidth Measurement

Locate the occupied bandwidth of the signal being displayed on the screen.
The results are shown in the marker display area for the occupied bandwidth (OBW), the
occupied band carrier frequency (Fc), and the band center frequency.
The Spectrum Analyzer has an OBW function that can be calculated from the
measurement data displayed on the screen. It works by finding the frequency band that
contains a specified percentage of the total power. The default value is 98%, and
measurement range between 5% and 100% can be specified.

OBW Measurement Procedure

(1) Set the center frequency & normal marker to the known carrier frequency and set
the frequency, span, resolution bandwidth (RBW), and sweep time to AUTO.
(2) Set the detection mode to Sample detector.
(3) Calculate the Occupied Bandwidth by performing the following key operations :

MEAS Occupied Bandwidth.. OBW Span

OBW %PWR
Start
Stop

(4) To change the ratio between the power contained in the occupied and the total
power first find the OBW, then use the numeric keys to set a new percentage.
The band markers will be adjusted automatically.
OBW Span is the same Span.

5-19
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Harmonic Distortion Measurement

Measures the harmonics of a single carrier signal and computes the total harmonic
distortion. The carrier must be the strongest peak on the display at the time the
measurement is started. The total harmonic distortion is then calculated from the
measured harmonics.

When measuring the Nth Harmonic the analyzer will choose the narrowest resolution
bandwidth allows the measurement to capture all modulation on the harmonics.

MEAS Harmonic Harmonics [n]

Distortion.. Averaging [OFF / ON]
Start
Stop

Harmonics value is 2 ~ 5 and default is 2. Averaging on for easily peak finding in each
harmonics.
Recommand SPAN value is less than 4 ㎒ for accuracy measurement.

5-20
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Clear Measurement

Stop the current measurement and close measurement.

MEAS Clear
Measurement..

Continue Measurement

Select the measurement mode between continuous and else. Default mode is continuous
on. When continuous off, current measurement operate just one by press start menu in
each measurement.

MEAS More.. Continuous

[OFF / ON]

Quasi-Peak (option)

Measure the quasi peak in B band and C/D band.

More.. Quasi-Peak
MEAS QP_B [OFF/ON]
Measure..
QP_C [OFF/ON]

5-21
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

MARKER FUNCTIONS

The inner key section is used as the header keys for setting the marker functions.
The MKR key is used as the header key to display markers. The OFF key turns off
all the marker and marker table.

The number of settable marker is up to 9.

Selecting & Changing Marker Position

Press MKR key, Activated Marker 1 as default. Single Marker is indicated by ◇ on the
waveform. Use the step up down key to move the active maker position in 1division steps.
When the up step key is pressed, the marker position is moved to the right direction.
The down step key direction is left.
The scroll knob step size is 1/500 of the horizontal line also be used Numeric key.

1) Selecting Marker

MKR Sel. Marker

[ no. ] Numeric Key

Active Marker No.

Step key

Scroll knob

2) Moving Marker

MKR Normal
Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

5-22
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Normal Marker

A single marker is indicated by ◇ on the waveform. The frequency and level at that
point are displayed digitally.
The normal marker is initially set to ON. When the current state is another marker mode,
or when the normal marker is set to OFF, perform the following key operations to set
the normal marker ON.

MKR Normal

The normal marker displays the absolute amplitude level.

Delta Marker

To current marker position, when the delta marker is set to ON, is fixed as the reference
marker (reference point). Then, as the current marker is moved, the reference marker
and the current marker frequency (time) and level differences are displayed digitally as
delta marker values.
In the delta marker mode, the reference marker is indicated by ▽.
To set the delta marker to ON, perform the following key operation :

MKR Delta

Press the Delta key in the delta marker mode. The reference marker moves to the
current marker position and switches to the delta marker mode with that as the
reference point.

5-23
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Marker Off by Reverse Step

The markers are turned off from the screen by the following key operation :

MKR OFF

The markers are disappeared by reverse step by pressing soft menu “OFF”
If you want turn off the specific marker,

MKR Sel. Marker Normal OFF

[ no. ]

Select Marker Activate Marker

Setting the MKR Trace

The marker can be settable trace “A” or “B”. (ref : Trace Functions 5-46)
By performing the following key operations, the trace for marker position and active
marker.

MKR MKR Trace [A / B]

5-24
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Setting the Marker Readout Mode

Accesses the following menu keys that allow you to change the active marker readout.

MKR More.. ReadOut.. Frequency

Period
Time
Inverse Time

Frequency : Sets the marker readout to Frequency.

This is active in non-zero spans.
Period : Sets the marker readout to Period.
Displays the reciprocal of the frequency.
Time : Sets the marker readout to Time.
Time is active in zero span. (Range : within sweep time)
Inverse Time : Sets the marker readout to Inverse Time.
Displays the reciprocal of time.

5-25
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Setting the Marker Function

Accesses the following marker function menu by performing process.

MKR More.. Function.. MKR Noise

Phase Noise
Quasi Peak
Counter
Off

MKR Noise : Reads out the average noise level, referenced to a 1 ㎐ noise power
bandwidth.
Phase Noise : Reads out the carrier to noise ratio. The offset frequency can be
settable by numeric keys. (Offset freq. Range : 10 ㎐ ~ 100 ㎑)
Counter : Reads the precise frequency value in current marker position.
Set the marker counter resolution with 1 ㎑, 100 ㎐, 10 ㎐ and 1 ㎐.
Quasi Peak : Reads the quasi peak value in current marker position.
Selectable QP-B and QP_C. (option)
Off : Release marker function.

Setting the Marker Table

When the MKR Table is ON, compresses the graticule and displays marker information in
a table.
The information includes the marker number, marker type, amplitude and marker readout
status.

MKR More.. MKR Table

[OFF / ON]

5-26
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

SETTING PARAMETERS USING MARKER VALUES

The marker value can be set as the parameter value of the observation frequency,
reference level, and so on.
This facilitates the observation of the desired waveform.

To set parameters using the marker value, the following settings are possible :
Mkr＞CF : Sets the marker value to the center frequency.
Mkr＞CFstep : Sets the marker value to the center frequency step size.
Mkr＞Start, Stop : Sets the marker value to the start/stop frequency value.
Mkr＞Ref : Sets the marker value to the reference level.
dMkr＞Span : Sets the delta marker value to the span.
dMkr＞CFstep : Sets the delta marker value to the center frequency step size.
Mkr＞ZoomIN, ZoomOUT : Fix the marker position and sets the span to 1/2 or
2 of the current span.

In time domain, only Mkr＞Ref is valid.

MKR＞CF / MKR＞Ref

Sets the current marker frequency or level to the center frequency or the reference level.
To execute the MARKER Shift, perform the following key operations :

MKR＞ Mkr＞CF
Mkr＞Ref

MKR＞Start / MKR＞Stop

Sets the current marker frequency to the start or stop frequency.

To execute the MARKER Shift, perform the following key operations :

MKR＞ Mkr＞Start
Mkr＞Stop

5-27
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Mkr＞CFstep / dMkr＞CFstep

Sets the marker frequency to the center frequency step size (resolution determined by
up down keys.)

MKR＞ Mkr＞CFstep
dMkr＞CFstep

Although this action does not cause any change to appear on the screen, when the
center frequency is changed with up down keys, the center frequency is changed with
the marker frequency as the step size.
This facilitates observation of harmonics.

dMkr＞Span

In the delta marker mode, this operation sets the difference frequency between reference
frequency and current marker frequency to span frequency.

MKR＞ dMkr＞Span

Mkr＞ZoomIN / Mkr＞ZoomOUT

This function is useable when the current marker frequency is set to the center frequency.

MKR＞ Mkr＞ZoomIN
Mkr＞ZoomOUT

This Mkr＞ZoomIN function is to change the current span to half the current span.
The Mkr＞ZoomOUT function changes the current span to two times the current span.

5-28
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

PEAK SEARCH FUNCTIONS

The Spectrum Analyzer has the following four marker search functions :
Peak Search
Next Peak Search
Next Left Peak Search
Next Right Peak Search
Minimum Search
Peak to Peak Search

Peak Search

Peak Search detects the maximum level point from the entire trace and moves activated
marker to that point.
Execute peak search by performing the following key operations :

PEAK

When no marker exist, marker 1 is activated.

Next Peak Search

Next Peak search detects the next largest peak relative to the current marker level and
moves the marker to that point. (When there are two or more peaks with the same level
on the screen, the left most peak is detected.)
Execute Next Peak search by performing the following key operations :

PEAK Next Peak

The next largest peak can be detected and the marker can be moved to each of those
peaks by executing Next Peak Search consecutively.

5-29
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Peak Left Search/Peak Right Search

PEAK LEFT Search and PEAK RIGHT Search detect the adjacent peak level to the right
or left of the current marker and move the marker to that point.
To execute PEAK LEFT Search and PEAK RIGHT Search, perform the following key
operation :

PEAK NPeakLeft
NPeakRight

The adjacent peak in the right or left can be detected and the marker moves to that
peak by executing NPeakLeft or NpeakRight menu consecutively.

Marker Track

When the Marker Track is set to ON, the maximum level point of the waveform is
always moved to the center position of the horizontal axis.
To use Marker Track, perform the following key operations:

PEAK Mkr Track [OFF/ON]

The Marker Track is changed by pressing Mkr Track menu.

NOTE : The Mkr Track is operated only, when Trace is Clear & Write.

Peak to Peak Search

Finds and displays the frequency (or time, if in zero span) and amplitude differences
between the highest and lowest trace points.

PEAK Pk-Pk Search

If you search Peak to Peak again, you should current activated marker off.

5-30
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Setting the Search Parameters

Accesses the following menu keys.

PEAK More.. Search Param.. Excur. [dB]

Continuous [OFF/ON] Thresh. [dB]
Peak Number [No.] Search Par.
Multi Peak Search [DFLT/MANL]

Excur. : Sets the minimum amplitude variation of signals that the

(Excursion) marker can identify as a peak.
If a value of 10dB is selected, the marker moves only to
peaks that rise and fall more than 10dB above the peak
threshold value. Pressing Search Par [AUTO/MNL] by Auto,
the excursion value and Threshold value is set to 6dB and
100dB each.
For setting the excursion value, use the numeric keys or scroll
knob in the Search Par is MNL mode.

Thresh. : Sets a lower boundary to the active trace. The value of the
(Threshold) peak threshold level can be changed using the numeric keys
or the scroll knob. The threshold level does not influence the
trace memory or marker position.

Search Par. : When set to default(DFLT), the value will change as excursion
[DFLT/MANL] is 3 dB, Threshold is –100dB.

Continuous[OFF/ON] : Select the search mode between continuously or not.

Peak Number[No.] : Set the number of search marker.

No. : 1- 9

Multi Peak Search : This function is used for multiple peak searching.
Instantly the set number of marker will position in order of
level of peak on one sweep waveform.
If the only one peak exists with met the condition, all the
markers will be gathered on that peak.

5-31
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

TRIGGER FUNCTIONS

The TRIG key is the header key for using the trigger function.

Continuous Sweep Mode

When the trigger source is not Free Run, the sweep is executed each time trigger
conditions are met. When the trigger source is set to Free Run, the sweep is executed
continuously.
To set the continuous sweep mode, press the following keys :

TRIG Continuous

Single Sweep Mode

When the trigger source is set to Free Run, the sweep is executed once immediately after
the Single key is pressed. When the trigger source is not Free Run, the sweep is executed
only once when the trigger conditions are met.
To set the single sweep mode, press the following keys :

TRIG Single

5-32
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Trigger Source

The Spectrum Analyzer trigger mode can be divided into Free Run and Trigger.
When trigger source is set to Free Run, we call not Triggered Mode or Free Run mode.
Otherwise, Trigger Source is not Free Run, Triggered Mode.
In the Triggered mode, Video, Line or External can be selected as the trigger source.
To select the TRIGGER SOURCE, perform the following key operations :

TRIG Source.. Free Run

Video
Line
External
TV Trig.. (CATV option)

Video Trigger

This function is used in ZERO SPAN mode. (ref : Setting Zero Span 5-11)
When the Video Trigger source is selected, the sweep is started in synchronization with
the positive leading edge of the detected waveform that is greater than trigger level.
To select trigger level, perform the following key operations.

TRIG Source.. Video Step key

Scroll knob

The trigger level is controlled by the step up-down keys and the scroll knob.
The trigger level is indicated by displaying the trigger level marker(→) on the screen.

5-33
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Line Trigger

This function starts sweep in synchronization with AC power line frequency.

Line triggers is conveniently used to observe power line-related waveforms.
With the line trigger function, the trigger level is not active.

TRIG Source.. Line

External Trigger

This function starts sweep in synchronization with the external trigger source.
Sweep is started in synchronization with the positive leading edge of the signal waveform
input to the EXT TRIG input connector on the rear panel.
Trigger execution requires TTL input signals.

TRIG Source.. External

Trigger Delay

When the trigger mode is set to Triggered mode (Trigger source is selected as Video,
External or Line only) the trigger point is usually positioned at the left end of the screen.
However, this means that it is not possible to see the waveform before the trigger point
and the waveform beyond the right end of the screen.
With the Spectrum Analyzer, a waveform before (or after the end of the display) the
trigger point can be displayed by changing the delay time.

NOTE : Trigger delay works in Zero Span mode only.

5-34
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

To set the delay time perform the following key operations :

TRIG Trig Delay

The delay time is set numeric keys, the scroll knob and the step up-down keys in zero
span mode. Range of delay time is –sweep time to +sweep time.
A minus value of delay time means the Pre-Trigger mode is used. It means shows the
waveform of before trigger point.
A plus value of the delay time means the Post-Trigger mode is used. It means shows
the waveform of after trigger point.

Select Trigger Edge

Select the type of trigger edge.

Two trigger edge type : Fall , Rise

TRIG Trig Edge [Fall/Rise]

NOTE : Trigger Edge function is operating in Fast Zero mode. Fast Zero mode is zero
span lower than 2ms sweep.

Time Gate

When set to Time Gate ON, the video signal that is digitized is controlled by the gate
circuitry. The gate circuitry switches between two states.
When the gate is “open”, the normal video signal of the analyzer is passed through the
video filters to the peak detectors and digitizer of the analyzer. When the gate is
“closed”, the video filters, peak detectors and digitizer are given a signal at the bottom
of the display.

5-35
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

The gate function requires that a gate trigger signal be connected to the EXT TRIG (TTL)
input on the rear panel. When the gate function is on, the stage of the gate appears at
the SWP Gate (TTL) rear panel connector.
The TTL high output indicates that the gate is open.
The gate output signal is only valid while the analyzer is sweeping.
You can adjust the gate delay and gate length using a oscilloscope to view the gate out
signal.

Time Gate Menu

Accesses the following menu keys that allow you to set up various gate parameters.

TRIG Time Gate Set.. Delay

Length
Control [Level / Edge]
Edge [NEG / POS]

Delay : Control the length of time from the trigger until the gate is turned
on.
Length : Controls the length of time that the gate is on when using edge
triggering to control the gate.

Control : Allows you to select between Edge and Level triggering of the gate,
[Level/Edge] Control Type [Edge] opens the gate in response to an edge trigger on
the trigger input after a delay set Delay. The gate stays open for the
selected Time Gate Length. When Control Type [Level] is selected,
the gate is open as long as the trigger input is true, as defined the
Level [TTL] is high.
Edge : Sets the polarity for edge triggering of the gate. When Edge [POS] is
[NEG/POS] pressed, a positive-going edge will trigger, after the delay set with the
Delay key, when Edge [NEG] is pressed, a negative-going edge will
trigger.

5-36
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

COUPLED FUNCTION

The four functions of RBW, VBW, Sweep Time and Input Attenuation are initially set to
AUTO so the Spectrum Analyzer can automatically select the optimum setting.
There are two hard keys related to the Coupled function.

CPL : Coupling function

AMPL : Amplitude function

All Auto Function

The coupled function has two modes. One is the Auto mode, the other one is the
Manual mode.
In order to operate the Auto Mode, perform the following key operations.

CPL All Auto

The input attenuator is Automatically set to optimum value according to the reference
level. (ref : Input Attenuator 5-40)

Reference Level Range Attenuation Auto

+30 dBm to +20.1 dBm 40

+20 dBm to +10.1 dBm 30
+10 dBm to +0.1 dBm 20
0 dBm to -9.9 dBm 10
Less than -10 dBm 0

5-37
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Setting the Resolution Bandwidth(RBW)

(1) Auto Mode

The RBW, Sweep Time, and VBW parameters are to Auto so that even if the
frequency span is varied, the respective parameters are automatically set to the
optimum values so frequency and level measurement errors do not occur.

The following table shows the RBW, VBW, and sweep time for various span ranges.

Frequency Span RBW VBW SWEEP TIME

100 ㎐ ∼ 9.9 ㎑ 300 ㎐ 300 ㎐

10 ㎑ ∼ 99.9 ㎑ 1㎑ 1㎑
100 ㎑ ∼ 299.9 ㎑ 3㎑ 3㎑ The sweep time is calculated using
the Span, RBW, VBW values to
300 ㎑ ∼ 1.99 ㎒ 10 ㎑ 10 ㎑
option the lowest sweep time while
2㎒ ∼ 5.99 ㎒ 30 ㎑ 30 ㎑ maintaining accuracy.
6㎒ ∼ 19.99 ㎒ 100 ㎑ 100 ㎑
20 ㎒ ∼ 59.99 ㎒ 300 ㎑ 300 ㎑
60 ㎒ ∼ 199.99 ㎒ 1㎒ 1㎒
200 ㎒ ∼ < 1.5 ㎓ 3㎒ 1㎒

(2) Manual Mode

In order to set RBW in the manual mode, perform the following key operations :

CPL RBW [MNL] RBW

Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

If VBW is AUTO the value is varied defend on the value of RBW. But the RBW value
was not varied even changed the value of VBW.

5-38
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Setting the Video Bandwidth(VBW)

(1) Auto Mode

When VBW is set to AUTO, the VBW is set according to the RBW value.

(2) Manual Mode

To set the VBW, perform the following key operations :

CPL VBW [MNL] VBW

Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

When wanting to average the noise by making the VBW narrow without regard to RBW
set value, or when wanting to make the VBW wide to observe the waveform of signals
modulated at a high frequency, use MANUAL setting. The VBW value can be manually set
be one of following values.
[1 ㎐, 3 ㎐, 10 ㎐, 30 ㎐, 100 ㎐, 300 ㎐, 1 ㎑, 3 ㎑, 10 ㎑, 30 ㎑, 100 ㎑, 300 ㎑, 1 ㎒,
NONE(3 ㎒)]

NOTE : When VBW ≥ RBW is set, noise is not averaged and the sweep speed is
increased.

5-39
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Selecting Sweep Time

To set the sweep time, perform the following key operations :

CPL Swp Time [MNL] Swp Time

Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

The following shows the Auto Sweep Time Range :

Not the Zero Span : 20 ms ~ 1000 sec

Zero Span : 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 us, 1, 2, 5 ms ~ 15 sec

Input Attenuator

To set the input attenuator, perform the following key operations :

AMPL Atten. [AUTO / MNL]

1) Auto Mode
When a signal is input with the same level as the reference level, the input attenuator
value in the AUTO mode is controlled so that high accuracy measurements can be
made without being influenced by gain compression and the noise level can be reduced.

5-40
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

While Auto is selected, the input attenuator is Automatically set to optimum value
according to the reference level.

Reference Level Range Attenuation Auto

+30 dBm to +20.1 dBm 40

+20 dBm to +10.1 dBm 30
+10 dBm to +0.1 dBm 20
0 dBm to -9.9 dBm 10
Less than -10 dBm 0

2) Manual Setting
However, when you want to measure a low level signal by raising the sensitivity, set
the input attenuator manually as shown in the table below :

Reference Level Range Attenuation Auto

+30 dBm to –60 dBm 50

+30 dBm to –70 dBm 40 ~ 50
+20 dBm to –80 dBm 30 ~ 50
+10 dBm to –90 dBm 20 ~ 50
0 dBm to –100 dBm 10 ~ 50
-10 dBm to –110 dBm 0 ~ 50

A small input attenuator value can be used when the RF input level is –10dBm or less.

5-41
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

DISPLAY FUNCTIONS

The Spectrum Analyzer provides functions related to the screen display, such as Display
line, Threshold line, Screen Title, Annotation and Graticule.

Display Line : Displays the horizontal line top of the graticule.

Threshold Line : Displays the horizontal line top of the graticule.
Screen Title : Edit the title of screen on the top of the screen.
Contrast : Adjust the LCD.
Graticule : Displays the horizontal line top of the screen.
Annotation : Displays the state of waveform in the annotation window.
White Mode : Economy mode for screen save and printing.

Display Line

The Display Line is a horizontal cursor line that runs across the screen for making level
comparisons. It can be set between the reference level and the lowest level with the
numeric key or step key or scroll knob.
In the OFF setting, the display line disappears from the screen.

DISP Disp. Line

Disp. Line [ON / OFF] Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

The step size of the step up down key is 1 division of the vertical range.
The step size of the scroll knob is 0.1 dB.

5-42
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Threshold Line

The Threshold Line is a horizontal line such that the waveform is displayed above the
threshold line. It can be set between the reference level and the lowest level with the
numeric keys or step keys or scroll knob. In the OFF setting, the threshold line
disappears from the screen.

DISP Tresh. Line

Tresh. Line [ON / OFF] Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

The step size of the step up down keys is 1 division of the vertical range.
The step size of the scroll knob is 0.1 dB.

Screen Title

A title of display spectrum or waveform can be labeled with this function.

The input screen title can be used for a printer and file function. (ref : Filename 5-54)
To make or edit the screen title, perform the following key operations :
When Screen Title.. menu is pressed, enter the Edit mode and changed in screen title
area, also edit menu appeared in soft menu area. In Edit mode all hard key will
suspended. Edit menu helps to edit the screen title.

Scroll knob or number key will clear the old screen title. If you do not clear the old title
but only edit, first you should press step key. Move cursor to edit position.

Scroll knob is used for selecting the character for input. The character bar appears in
Status Window in a lower part of screen and scrolled by scroll knob.

5-43
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

DISP Screen Title

Sel. Char : Put the selected character to current cursor position. Before
this, select the desired character with the scroll knob. When
press the number keys this sequence was performed
automatically.

Back Space : Erase a character before the cursor

Delete : Erase a character on the cursor.

Clear : Clear the edit string.

Insert Sw : Select the editing cursor mode between Insert(Insert) or

Overwrite(Overwt).

Enter.. : Ends edit mode and save current edited string. Returns to the
previous menu.

Undo.. : Ignore the current edited string and return to the previous
menu.

5-44
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Graticule

This menu toggles the graticule ON or OFF.

To delete the graticule on the screen, perform the following key operations :

Graticule
DISP More..
[OFF / ON]

Annotation

This key annotation toggles ON or OFF.

To delete the annotations on the screen, perform the following key operations :

Annotation
DISP More..
[OFF / ON]

White Mode

Change the screen background color for saving the ink or toner.

White Mode
DISP More..
[OFF / ON]

5-45
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

TRACE FUNCTIONS

The TRACE key is the header key for the trace function.

Select Trace

The analyzer provides two Trace Memories, A and B.

The active trace memory is selected by the following key operations :

TRACE Select [B / A]

Clr & Wrt

The current trace memory is A. The data will be cleared and written by the new data at
the trace memory by pressing the key.
>> << Marker indicate current trace state
TRACE Clr & Wrt
>> [A] <<
If trace B is the same state then trace A was displayed and trace B was disabled.
WADB was displayed in Annotation Window. (ref : Annotation Window 5-6)

Max Hold

On each sweep, the new data for each horizontal point is compared with previous data.
The unit stores and displays the level with the larger value.
Thus the display accumulates the maximum values for each point.

TRACE Max Hold >> [A] <<

MA was displayed in Annotation Window.

5-46
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Min Hold

On each sweep, the new data of each horizontal point is compared with previous data. The
unit stores and displays the level with the smaller value.
Thus the display accumulates the minimum values for each point.

TRACE Min Hold >> [A] <<

mA was displayed in Annotation Window.

View

When this key is pressed, the Trace leaves the normal write mode.
The unit displays the contents of the selected trace memory at that time.
To return to the normal write mode, push CLR & WRT again.

TRACE View >> [A] <<

VA was displayed in Annotation Window.

Blank

When this key is pressed, trace data is erased from the screen, but the content of the
memory still remain.
The trace can be redisplayed by selecting VIEW function.

TRACE Blank >> [A] <<

BA was displayed in Annotation Window.

5-47
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Averaging Function

The digital averaging function calculates the average data at each vertical axis point for
each sweep and displays the results.
The averaging function improves the S/N ratio depending on the averaging rate and the
number of sweep repetitions. To use the averaging function, perform the following key
operations :

TRACE More.. Average..

Average [ON / OFF] : This toggles average function ON or OFF.

Count [n] : Sets the Averaging Rate. The range is 2 to 999. This value
can be input using DATA ENTRY. Default value is 20.
Cycle [ON / OFF] : Set the averaging NON STOP/STOP after the number of
times of averaging rate by pressing this key.
Stop : Temporarily stop average-sweeping.
Continuous : Resumes the average-sweeping.
Reset : Initialize the average data and restarts the average
function.
Prev.. : Returns to the previous menu.

Averaging by video filter has the disadvantage that the sweep time becomes longer when
the video bandwidth is narrowed to improve the averaging effect.
On the other and, digital video averaging smoothes the trace display by averaging the
digital data after analog to digital conversion at each sweep, without narrowing the video
bandwidth (VBW). Since the video bandwidth (VBW) gets comparatively wider and the time
required for each sweep can be shortened, the entire spectrum image can be verified
quickly and a repetitive sweep can be stopped when the required smoothing has been
obtained.

5-48
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Detection Mode

The Spectrum Analyzer Provides the following five detection modes.

Normal
Sample
Pos Peak
Neg Peak
Average
Select the detection mode by performing the following key operation :

TRACE More.. Detect.. Normal

Sample
Pos Peak
Neg Peak
Average

The Spectrum Analyzer uses the oversampling method to acquire video data.
Mode Contents

Normal The vertical line of odd number horizontal position displays the maximum
value among oversampling data for 1 display point and even number
horizontal position displays the minimum value.
So in the Normal detection mode, the trace do not trace in the next
sweep time, toggling odd and even horizontal maximum or minimum
detecting value.
Sample Stores the instantaneous signal level at each sample point the trace
memory. The Sample detection mode is primarily used for noise level
measurement, and time domain measurement.
Pos Peak Compare the maximum level point present between the current display
point and next display point, then stores the maximum value in the trace
memory corresponding to the current display point.
Neg Peak Compares the minimum level point present between the current display
point and next display point, then stores the minimum value in the trace
memory corresponding to the current display out. The Neg Peak detection
mode is often used to measure the lower envelope side of a modulated
waveform.
Average reduce the random noise level without reducing the video filter or using
the trace average function. This allows averaged displays with faster
sweep rates. The Average detection mode stores the average data
between Pos Peak and Neg Peak.

5-49
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Mathematics Mode

To use the trace computation, perform the following key operation :

Display the computation and moving soft menu.

TRACE More.. Math..

A-B → A : The result A memory contents become the difference between

the original A memory, or the sweep data, and the B memory.
That is, if Trace A is in the VIEW or BLANK mode, the
difference is taken between the A and B memories, and the
result stored in A. But if Trace A is in the CLR & WRT mode,
it subtracts the B memory data from the current sweep result
and save the result in A.

B-DL → B : When Trace B is in the VIEW or BLANK mode, it subtracts the

Display Line from the B memory data, and saves the result in B.
But when Trace B is in the CLR & WRT mode, it subtracts the
Display line from the current sweep result, and saves the result in
B.

A+B → A : Adds Trace A and Trace B, displays the result as Trace A.

A- B+DL → A : Turns on the mode that subtracts Trace B from Trace A, adds
the Display Line and displays it on Trace A.

A EXCH B : Exchanges the contents of Trace A memory and Trace B

memory.

Math : Adopt or not the selected math function.

[OFF/ON]

Prev.. : Returns to the previous menu.

5-50
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

SAVE AND FILE FUNCTIONS

The equipment can save the setup conditions(Parameter), limit data and waveform data
(Trace) to an internal Memory, USB Storage or USB Floppy. This data can be recalled
and used.
Screen image also saved as BMP & JPG format, but do not recall it.

Internal Memory

The internal Memory uses Flash Disk in the equipment

The internal Memory can save the following data and waveform. (ref : File type 5-53)

Save Parameters and Waveform

The SAVE key is the header key for saving parameters and waveforms.
To save the current parameters, waveform data and title to the internal Memory, USB
Storage or USB Floppy, press SAVE only.

The file type and destination is configured on the FILE Menu. (ref : File Type 5-53) It has
two filename generate method, one is Auto generate method, it generates as
FILE0000.ext to FILE9999.ext. another is screen title method, it generates filename as the
same screen title. (ref : Filename 5-54) But default screen title(********) is not used as
filename. It needs convert to.

5-51
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

File Management

FILE key will display file directory window. To move the selection, use scroll knob or
step key. Other Hard key or Load menu will close the window.
Perform the following key operations for accessing File Menu.

FILE Load
Delete
Copy to
Rename..
Disk [D: or E: / C:]
File Type
More 1 of 3

Sort Key [Name/Ext/Size/Date]

Sort Direct [Ascend/Descend]
Copy All Change Attr.
Delete All Use USB FLOPPY
Filename [Auto / Title] Use USB Disk
More 2 of 3 More 3 of 3

Load : Access menu keys that allow you to load analyzer setups, states, traces limits
and corrections into the analyzer from a USB Floppy [D:] Drive, a USB Disk [E:]
Drive or internal flash [C:] Drive. To load a file, just press load.
This equipment supports the “8.3-format” filename. (Ex> “8.3-format” filename :
XXXXXXXX.YYY) Therefore, file with filename of over 8 is not loaded and
correctly displayed.(BMP file and Image file are not loaded)
Delete : Access menu keys that allow you to delete analyzer setups, states, traces and
others.
Copy to : Access menu keys that allow you to copy the selected file.
Connect the USB Floppy at the USB Port, then press the USE USB FLOPPY
key, and then USB Floppy is recognized and you can copy the selected file
from D: to C: or from C: to D:.
Connect the USB Storage at the USB Port, then press the USE USB Disk key,

5-52
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

and then USB Storage is recognized and you can copy the selected file from E:
to C: or from C: to E:.
Disk [D: or E: / C:] : Select Disk drive. File directory of this drive will be displayed. It is
also the destination drive of SAVE .
When the USB Floppy is connected at the USB Port, if you press the USE-
USB FLOPPY soft-key, then Disk [D: / C:] is set.
When the USB Storage is connected at the USB Port, if you press the USE-
USB Disk soft-key, then Disk [E: / C:] is set.
Rename : Access menu keys that allow you to rename the file name.
For renaming the file, press this key.

FILE Rename.. Sel. Char

Back Space
Delete
Clear
Insert Sw [Overwt / Insert]
Enter..
Undo..

Rename.. menu will change the color of the selected filename, enter the edit mode, other
all hard key will suspended. ( ref. for edit filename : Screen Title 5-43)
If you want only edit a part of filename, press step key first for move cursor to modify
point. Other key operation will clear the old filename.
Enter.. key will save the current modified string to filename and exit this edit mode.
Undo.. key will exit this edit mode without saving.

File Type : Select the file type for display in file directory window. Also the file type for
saving when press the SAVE key. All(*) File type is only for view the list.
Do not select All type for save.

File Type Extension Comments

All * All Files (Only for View)
State STS System status file
Trace TRC Trace data file
Limit LMT Limit data file
Bitmap BMP Screen image file

5-53
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

DTF_DB DBS DTF(option) database file

DTFCal CAL DTF(option) calibration data file
EmcLimit LIM EMC(option) Limit data file
EmcAnt ANT EMC(option) antenna data file
EmcCable CBL EMC(option) cable data file
EmcXduce XDU EMC(option) transduce data file
EmcOther OTH EMC(option) user defiled data file
DTFDcf DCF DTF(option) configuration file
DTFDct DCT DTF(option) configuration and trace data file
Jpeg JPG Screen image file

Sort Key : Select the sorting field in directory. The kind of filed are filename, extension,
size, date. Select field in turn by press Sort Key.
Sort Direct : Choose the direction of sorting.
By press Sort Direct soft key, select ascend or descend.
Copy All : Copy all the current files in directory to other disk.
- Disk[D:/C:] → Current is D: then to C:, Current is C: then to D:.
- Disk[E:/C:] → Current is E: then to C:, Current is C: then to E:.
Delete All : Delete all the files in current directory.
Filename : Select filename create mode. In Auto mode, filename was generating
sequentially from FILE0000 to FILE9999, anywhere in C:, D: or E:.
In Title mode, filename is screen title. Screen title should be user
defined. Default(********) screen title not be used.
USE USB FLOPPY : When the USB Floppy is connected at the USB Port, if you press
the USE USB FLOPPY key, then USB Floppy is recognized.
(Disk [D: or E: / C:] is set to Disk [D: / C:] )
USE USB Disk : When the USB Storage is connected at the USB Port, if you press the
USE USB Disk key, then USB Storage is recognized.
(Disk [D: or E: / C:] is set to Disk [E: / C:] )

5-54
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

LIMIT LINE FUNCTIONS

The LIMIT key is the header key for using the limit line function
The LIMIT LINE FUNCTION displays two lines which can be set to show permissible upper
and lower bounds on the spectral waveform.
Comparison of measured data with the limit lines is very easy.

EDIT Limit Line

1) Make Limit.. : appear limit line edit menu.
2) Select [LOW/UP] : select limit line to edit. The limit line cursor (◇) is displayed.
3) Axis [X/Y] : select the coordinates for moving cursor.
4) Scroll knob, step key : move cursor.
5) Mark Dot : saving the position of cursor.
6) Repeat 3), to 5) for making the limit line.
In editing Undo menu delete the current cursor position.

LIMIT Make Limit

Select [LOW/UP] : Select the upper limit line or the lower limit line.

Mark Dot : Designates the position of X or Y positions.

Axis [X / Y] : Select the moving axis of limit line cursor

X : Horizontal Y : Vertical

Undo : The last line is cleared.

Clear : The limit line is cleared.

End.. : Returns to the previous menu.

For saving the Limit Line follow the here key operation :

File File type [Limit] Save

Type set to Limit

5-55
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Set the PASS/FAIL mode

When the spectral waveform is within the upper limit line and lower limit, PASS is
displayed on the screen. If not, FAIL is displayed on the screen.

LIMIT UpPassChk [OFF / ON]

When ON is selected, the upper limit line is checked.

LIMIT LowPassChk [OFF / ON]

When ON is selected, the lower limit line is checked.

Close the Limit Line Function

LIMIT Clear Limit

When this key is selected, clear the limit line function.

5-56
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

The system parameters of the Spectrum Analyzer can be set depending on the used
objective.

The SYSTEM hard key is the header key related to set system configuration.

The Spectrum Analyzer supports the SA mode (Spectrum Analyzer) and CDMA, EMC, DTF,
CDMA Source and CATV mode. The SA mode is default and other is for optional.

Printer Configuration

This key is used for setting the printe type.

In order to set the configure of printer, perform the following key operations.

SYSTEM More 1 of 3 Printer Config.. Size.. 1 page

1/4 page
Color.. Gray
Color
Model.. HP DJ660
HP LJ660
Print Out to [ PRN/D: or E: /C: ]

White Mode [ OFF / ON ]

Print Out to menu select the output destination when PRINT key was pressed.
In White Mode is ON, save ink or toner by changing background color to White.
Ex.) Two way of saving screen image to bitmap was, the one is press SAVE key after
set the file type to Bitmap,( FILE , File Type (4 times or more) ) the other is press
PRINT key after set the Print Out to to D: or E: or C:.

5-57
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Clock Set

Set the date and time by performing the following key operations :

SYSTEM More 1 of 3 Clock Set..

Time Set : Input HHMMSS (Hour, Minute, Second)

Date Set : Input YYYYMMDD (Year, Month, Date)

Use numeric key and ENTER key

GPIB Address Set (Option)

Set the GPIB address by performing the following key operations :

SYSTEM More 1 of 3 GPIB Set.. Address [7]

Range : 0 ~ 30
Default : 7

5-58
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

RS-232C Configuration

The system can be remotely controlled using an RS-232C interface.

To set up RS-232C protocol, perform the following key operations :

SYSTEM More 1 of 3 RS-232C Set..

Baudrate : Set up the transfer speed. (Default Value: 19200bps)

Data Len : Set up the data length. (Default value : 8 bit)

Stop Bit : Set up the stop bit length (Default value : 1 bit)

Parity : Set up the parity bit. (Default value : NONE)

Protocol : Set up the protocol control. (Default value : NONE)

Enter : Return to previous menu

5-59
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

System Information

These key functions are for special functions.

Install.. : for system software upgrade.
Version Info.. : shows the current software version information.
Option Info.. : shows the current installed option information.
Load Fac. Default : set the system to default configuration of shipment.

SYSTEM More 2 of 3 Factory Config..

System Option..
Install..
Version Info..
Option Info..
Load Fac. Default

5-60
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

PRESET FUNCTION

The preset key is the header key for the preset and calibration functions.
When the PRESET key is pressed, the following soft menus are displayed.
Preset
Last State
Alignment Mode
Power on [Prest / Last]
Cal Signal [OFF / ON]
Auto Align [OFF / ON]

Preset

Pushing the preset key returns all of the analyzer parameter to the following values.

PRESET Preset

Factory Initial Set up

Center Frequency : 1.5 ㎓
Frequency Span : 3.0 ㎓
Reference Level : 0 dBm
Detector : LOG
Scale : 10 dB/DIV
Sweep Time : 20 msec, AUTO mode
RBW : 3 ㎒, AUTO mode
VBW : 1 ㎒, AUTO mode
ATTEN : 10 dB, AUTO mode
Trigger : Free Run
Marker : OFF
Display Line : OFF
Threshold Line : OFF
Trace Detector Mode : Pos Peak

5-61
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Last State

Pressing the Last State key returns all of the analyzer parameters back to the last state
values that was the status of before system power off.

PRESET Last State

Alignment Mode

When the Alignment Mode is pressed, a soft menu related to the calibration routines are
displayed.
Each calibration menu performs the hardware compensation routine to verify the unit
operates precisely regardless of any hardware drift.

PRESET Alignment Mode..

All Align : Do the following all alignment mode.

Yig. Align : Recalibrates the YIG tuning curve values.

Span Align : Compensates the SPAN attenuator error and the sweep gain
and calculates new correction factors.
Level Align : Compensates the system gain error and calculates new
correction factors.
Log Align : Compensates the logarithmic amplifier for drift and calculates
a new correction factors.
RBW Align : Compensates the RBW center frequency for drift and gain
error and calculates new correction factors.

5-62
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Power ON

This function set the condition of power on state.

When Preset was selected, the power on state is the same as preset state.
When Last was selected, the power on state is the set to recent state that was the
status of before system power off.

PRESET Power On [Prest / Last]

Cal Signal

When the Cal Signal is on, the calibration signal is displayed.

The calibration signal is 40 ㎒, -30dBm.
This function is very useful for system self check.

PRESET Cal. Signal [OFF / ON]

Auto Align

When the Auto Align is on, the calibration routine automatically operates when a
temperature calibration is required.
This function does not operate when the Auto Align is off.

PRESET Auto Align [OFF / ON]

5-63
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

AUX FUCNTIONS

The Spectrum Analyzer provides analog demodulation and audio monitor functions.
AM Demodulation
FM Demodulation
Audio ON/OFF, Audio level control, Squelch level control, Temperature monitor.

AM Demodulation

The AM demodulation function displays the amplitude demodulated waveform.

By pressing this key, the horizontal axis changes to the time axis.
The carrier frequency is the center frequency.
To use AM demodulation function, perform the following key operations :

AUX AM Demod. [ON / OFF]

This key toggles AM demodulation ON and OFF.

FM Demodulation

The FM demodulation function displays the frequency demodulated waveform.

By pressing this key, the horizontal axis changes to the time axis.
The carrier frequency is the center frequency.
To use FM demodulation function, perform the following key operations :

AUX FM Demod. [ON / OFF]

5-64
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Audio Monitor

The Spectrum Analyzer has an internal speaker and phone jack at the front panel.

Audio Sound : used to turn ON the internal speaker.

AUX Audio Sound [ON / OFF]

Audio Level : used to control the audio level which can be adjusted by DATA ENTRY.
The audio level has 8 steps (0∼7). The default value is 3.

AUX Audio Level

Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

Squelch Lev : used for the squelch function. It has 256 levels which can be adjusted by
DATA ENTRY. The default value is 127.

AUX Squelch Level

Numeric Key

Step key

Scroll knob

5-65
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Temperature Monitor

The Spectrum Analyzer has an internal temperature sensor. Disp. Temp menu enables the
system to display the current internal temperature periodically.

AUX Disp. Temp [ON / OFF]

5-66
 SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

TRACKING GENERATOR (option)

The Spectrum Analyzer has an optional Tracking Generator.

To set up the Tracking Generator, perform the following key operation :

TG

Tracker [OFF / ON] : The Tracker ON/OFF is used to turn ON the Tracking
Generator.

Output Level [value] : The Output Level is used to control the power level,
which can adjusted by DATA ENTRY.
The power level is adjustable 0 to –70dBm in 0.1dB
step.

Normal [OFF / ON] : Using the normalization function allows the user to
compensate for hardware uncertainties, therefore
making the measurement of the unit under test more
accurate.

Pwr Swp [OFF / ON] : This key is used for Power Sweep for Tracking
Generator. Output Level of Tracking Generator can be
Increased Automatically in 10 dB Range.

Automatic Freq. Cal. : The Automatic Freq. Cal. Menu is used to compensate
the center frequency of TG for the center frequency
of system automatically.

Manual Freq. Cal. : The Manual Freq. Cal. Menu is used to compensate the
center frequency of TG for the center frequency of
system by DATA ENTRY. The range is -500 ㎑ to 500
㎑.

Normal menu is used for more convenient measurement by normalize unloaded output
signal. After this operation the output signal is granted as characteristic of DUT in span
frequency area.

5-67
SECTION 5 OPERATING PROCEDURES

Pwr Swp is used for measuring the characteristic of amplitude gain in fixed frequency.
Set the target frequency o center frequency and Pwr Swp ON then enter zero span
mode and amplitude increased within 10 dBm in the specified range. For example
amplitude of center frequency is –33 dBm this start frequency ampltude is –40 dBm stop
frequency amplitude is –30 dBm.

5-68
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

SECTION 6
PERFORMANCE TESTS

In this section, measuring instruments along with setup and operation procedures necessary
for conduction performance tests described.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REQUIREMENT FOR PERFORMANCE TESTS --------------------------- 6-3

INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED FOR PERFORMANCE TEST ----------------- 6-4
PERFORMANCE TEST ------------------------------------------------- 6-6
Reference Oscillator Frequency Stability ----------------------------- 6-6
Center Frequency Readout Accuracy --------------------------------- 6-8
Frequency Span Readout Accuracy ---------------------------------- 6-11
Resolution Bandwidth(RBW) and Selectivity and Switching Error ------- 6-14
Sideband Noise (Phase noise) --------------------------------------- 6-20
Frequency Measurement Accuracy ----------------------------------- 6-22
Amplitude Display Linearity ------------------------------------------ 6-24
Frequency Response ------------------------------------------------- 6-30
Reference Level Accuracy ------------------------------------------- 6-32
Average Noise Level ------------------------------------------------ 6-35
Second Harmonic Distortion ----------------------------------------- 6-37
Input Attenuator Switching Error ------------------------------------ 6-39
Residual FM --------------------------------------------------------- 6-42
rd
3 Order Intermodulation -------------------------------------------- 6-44
Spurious Response -------------------------------------------------- 6-47
Local Oscillator Emission -------------------------------------------- 6-49
Input VSWR --------------------------------------------------------- 6-51

6-1
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

<BLANK>

6-2
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

SECTION 6
PERFORMANCE TESTS

REQUIREMENT FOR PERFORMANCE TESTS

Performance tests are used as preventive maintenance to prevent degradation of the

Spectrum Analyzer performance before it occurs. Use the performance tests whenever
necessary such as at acceptance and periodic inspection to verify performance after
repair.

Reference oscillator frequency stability

Center frequency readout accuracy
Frequency span readout accuracy
Resolution bandwidth and selectivity and switching error
Sideband noise (phase noise)
Frequency measurement accuracy
Amplitude display linearity
Frequency response
Reference level accuracy
Average noise level
Second harmonic distortion
Input attenuator switching error
Residual FM
rd
3 Order Intermodulation
Spurious Response
Local oscillator Emission
Input VSWR

Execute the performance tests at regular intervals as preventive maintenance for

important evaluation items. We recommend that the performance be inspected regularly
once or twice a year. If the specifications are not met at the performance test, please
contact NEX1 FUTURE.

6-3
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED FOR PERFORMANCE TEST

Recommended Required Performance

Instrument Test Item
(Model number) Item Specification
Synthesized Signal Frequency Range 10 ㎑∼3.0 ㎓ Frequency-span readout accuracy
Generator Resolution 1㎐ Resolution Bandwidth, selectivity
(MG3633A) Output Level Range -20dBm ∼ 0dBm Sideband noise
(HP8648C) Output Level resolution 0.1dB Frequency measurement accuracy
SSB Phase noise ≤130dBc/㎐ Amplitude display linearity
(at 10 ㎑ offset) Frequency response
Second Harmonic ≤30dBc Reference level accuracy
Amplitude Modulation 0% ∼ 100% Second harmonic distortion
0.1 ∼ 400 ㎐ Resolution bandwidth switching error
External reference 10 ㎒ Input Attenator switching error
rd
Input 3 Order Intermodulation

Attenuator
(1=HP8494) Frequency Range DC ∼ 26.5 ㎓ Amplitude display linearity
Attenuation 0 ∼ 11dB (1 step) Input attenuator switching error
rd
Repeatability ≤0.01dB 3 Order Intermodulation
(≤0.05dB,
18 ∼ 26.5 ㎓)
(2=HP8496) Frequency Range DC ∼ 26.5 ㎓
Attenuation 0 ∼ 110dB (10 step)
Repeatability ≤0.01dB
(≤0.05dB.
18 ∼ 26.5 ㎓)
Power Meter Frequency range 100 ㎑ ∼ 110 ㎓ Amplitude display linearity
(HP437B) Measure Range -70dBm ∼ 44dBm Frequency response
Power resolution 0.001dB Reference level accuracy
Second harmonic distortion
rd
3 Order Intermodulation
Power Sensor Frequency range 10 ㎒ ∼ 18 ㎓ Amplitude display linearity
(HP8481A) VSWR (max) 1.4 (10 ㎒ ∼ 30 ㎒) Frequency response
1.18 (30 ㎒ ∼ 50 ㎒) Reference level accuracy
1.0 (50 ㎒ ∼ 2 ㎓) Input attenuator switching error
1.18 (2 ㎓ ∼ 12.4 ㎓) Second harmonic distortion
rd
1.28 (12.4 ㎓∼18 ㎓) 3 Order Intermodulation
Power range -30dBm ∼ +20dBm

6-4
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Recommended Required Performance

Instrument Test Item
(Model number) Item Specification
Power Sensor Frequency range 10 ㎒ ∼ 18 ㎓ Amplitude display linearity
(HP8481D) VSWR (max) 1.4 (10 ㎒ ∼ 30 ㎒)
1.15 (30 ㎒ ∼ 4 ㎓)
1.2 (4 ㎓ ∼ 10 ㎓)
1.3 (10 ㎓ ∼ 15 ㎓)
2.35 (15 ㎓ ∼ 18 ㎓)
Power range -70dBm ∼ -20dBm

Power Splitter Frequency range DC ∼ 18 ㎓ Frequency-span readout accuracy

(HP11636A) Input / Output 50Ω Frequency measurement accuracy
Impedance Amplitude display linearity
Frequency response
Reference level accuracy
Second harmonic distortion
rd
3 Order Intermodulation
50ohm Termination Frequency Range DC ∼ 6 ㎓ (∼ 18 ㎓) Average noise level
(HP 909F) VSWR 1.005 (DC ∼ 5 ㎓) Spurious Response
1.01 (5 ∼ 6 ㎓)
1.15 (6 ∼ 18 ㎓)

Frequency Counter Frequency range 10 ㎐ ∼ 20 ㎓ Reference oscillator frequency

(HP 5350B) Resolution Stability
1㎐ ∼ 1㎒ 10 ㎒ ∼ 20 ㎓ Frequency-span readout accuracy
1㎐ 10 ㎒ ∼ 80 ㎓ Frequency measurement accuracy
0.1 ㎐ 1 ㎒ ∼ 10 ㎒
0.01 ㎐ 100 ㎑ ∼ 1 ㎒
0.001 ㎐ 10 ㎐ ∼100 ㎑
Input level (max) +7dBm (N-type)
+10dBm(BNC-type)
[50Ω]
1Vrms (BNC-type)
[1 ㏁]
Damage level +25dBm (N-type)
250V (DC ∼ 5 ㎑)
5.5Vrms (+28dBm)

Extracts part of performance which can cover the measurement range of the test item.

6-5
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

PERFORMANCE TEST

For test item other than oscillator frequency stability, warming-up the equipment for at
least fifteen minutes and the performance after the Spectrum Analyzer stabilizes
completely.
Also begin measurements after taking the warm-up time of the calibration instrument into
full consideration. In addition, the test should be conducted at room temperature little AC
power supply voltage fluctuation, and should be free of noise, vibration, dust humidity, etc.

Reference Oscillator Frequency Stability

Frequency stability is tested by measuring the 10 ㎒ reference oscillator. Stability is

determined by measuring frequency variation at ambient temperatures of 0℃ and 40℃.
1) Specification
Reference Oscillator
Frequency : 10 ㎒
-6
Aging rate : ≤±1 × 10 / year
After 24 hour warm-up at 25℃ ± 5℃
-6
Temperature stability : ≤±2 × 10 at 0 and 40℃ referred to the frequency
measured at 25℃
2) Test Instruments
Frequency counter : HP5350B
BNC Cable
3) Setup

Frequency counter
HP5350B

Figure 6-1. Reference Oscillator Frequency Stability Test

6-6
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure
Temperature stability
Test condition : Test this performance in a vibration free variable temperature
chamber.

Step Procedure

1 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer in a constant-temperature chamber at 25℃.

2 Set the Line and Power switches on the Spectrum Analyzer to ON and wait
until the Spectrum Analyzer internal temperature stabilizes.
(approx. 1.5 hours after the chamber temperature stabilizes).
3 When the internal temperature stabilizes, measure the frequency by using
the counter with 0.1 ㎐ resolution.
4 Change the chamber temperature to 40℃.
5 When the chamber temperature and the Spectrum Analyzer internal
temperature stabilizes, measure the frequency be using the counter.
6 Calculate the stability by using the following equation.
7 Repeat 5. 6. Step in the 0℃ chamber temperature.

(counter reading at 40℃)-(counter reading at 25℃)

Frequency Stability(40℃) =
(counter reading at 25℃)

(counter reading at 0℃)-(counter reading at 25℃)

Frequency Stability(0℃) =
(counter reading at 25℃)

6-7
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Center Frequency Readout Accuracy

Add the known frequency which serves as the center frequency reference to the Spectrum
Analyzer as shown in the figure below and set CF (same value the known center
frequency) and SPAN. At this time, check that the difference between reading of the
marker readout frequency of peak point, and the CF set value is meet the spec. As
shown in the figure, the Synthesized Signal Generator uses the signal source phaselocked
with the same accuracy as the 10 ㎒ reference oscillator of the Synthesized Signal
Generator.
1) Specification
Center frequency accuracy : ±(Indicated frequency × reference frequency
accuracy ＋ span × span accuracy ＋ 0.5 ×
RBW) ; after calibration
2) Test Instruments
Synthesized Signal Generator : MG3633A [Anritsu]
Frequency Counter : HP5350B
Power Splitter : HP11636A
RF Cable 1,2,3 : N [male] ∼ N [male]
BNC Cable : BNC [male] ∼ BNC [male]
Adopter : T-BNC [female]
3) Setup

Adopter BNC
Cable1
External
Reference
MG3633A 10 ㎒
Synthesized
Signal Power Splitter RF Cable2
Generator
HP11636A Frequency Counter
RF Cable1 RF Cable3
BNC HP5350B
Cable2

Figure 6-2. Center frequency readout accuracy

6-8
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Set the power supply switch on the Spectrum Analyzer rear panel to ON
and then the power switch on the Spectrum Analyzer front panel to ON.
2 Press the PRESET , Preset key.
3 Press Alignment Mode.. and then All Align key.
4 Set the signal generator output frequency equal to the center frequency
(1300 ㎒) in the following table :
Frequency : 1300 ㎒
Power : -20dBm
5 Set the Spectrum Analyzer as follows :
Center frequency : 1300 ㎒
Reference level : 0dBm
Couple : All Auto
Span : 50 ㎑
10 ㎒ REF : EXT
6 Using the marker function, read the marker frequency and check that the
value is within the range between the maximum and minimum values shown
in the following table.
7 Repeat steps 4 to 7 for other combination of the center frequency and span
according to the combination shown in the following table.
8 Calculate the Center Frequency accuracy by using the following equation.
Center frequency accuracy = ±(Measured frequency × Reference Oscillator
accuracy ＋ Span × Span accuracy ＋ 0.5 × RBW)
※ Reference Oscillator accuracy : ±2 ppm … (default option)
±0.2 ppm … (HSO option)
※ Span accuracy : ±3 %

6-9
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Spectrum Analyzer Measured frequency (㎒)

Test Instrument frequency
(MG3633A) Center
Span Minimum* Measured Maximum* Accuracy
Frequency

Frequency : 1300 ㎒ 50 ㎑ 1299.9954 1300.0046

Output Power Level : 200 ㎑ 1299.9899 1300.0101
-20 dBm 1㎒ 1299.9624 1300.0376
2㎒ 1299.9224 1300.0776
5㎒ 1299.8324 1300.1676
1300 ㎒
10 ㎒ 1299.6474 1300.3526
20 ㎒ 1299.2474 1300.7526
50 ㎒ 1298.3474 1301.6526
100 ㎒ 4296.4974 1303.5026
500 ㎒ 1268.4974 1331.5026

Note : It’s the value of default Reference Oscillator.

6-10
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Frequency Span Readout Accuracy

st
Using the setup shown in the figure below, set the frequencies corresponding the 1 and
th
9 division from the left side of the screen scale with the Signal Generator. The frequency
st th
difference between the peak levels at the 1 and 9 division is equal to the frequency
span × 0.8.

1) Specification
Frequency span accuracy : ±3%
2) Test Instrument
Synthesized Signal Generator : MG3633A [Anritsu]
Frequency Counter : HP5350B
Power Splitter : Hp11636A
RF Cable 1,2,3 : N [male] ∼ N [male]
BNC Cable : BNC [male] ∼ BNC [male]
Adopter : T-BNC [female]
3) Setup

Adopter BNC
Cable1
External
Reference
MG3633A 10 ㎒
Synthesized
Signal Power Splitter RF Cable2
Generator
HP11636A Frequency Counter
RF Cable1 RF Cable3
BNC HP5350B
Cable2

Figure 6-3. Frequency Span Readout Accuracy

6-11
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Set the power supply switch on the Spectrum Analyzer rear panel to ON
and then the power switch on the Spectrum Analyzer front panel to ON.
2 Press the PRESET , Preset key.
3 Press Alignment Mode.. and then All Align key.
4 Set the signal generator output frequency equal to the center frequency in
the following table :
Frequency : 1500 ㎒
Power : -20dBm

5 Set the Spectrum Analyzer as follows :

Center frequency : 1500 ㎒
Span : 50 ㎑
Couple : All Auto
Reference level : -10 dBm
10 ㎒ REF : EXT
st
6 Adjust the MG3633A output frequency to set the signal peak at the 1
division from the left and of the screen scale. Record the frequency of F1.
7 After setting the MG3633A output frequency to the F2 frequency adjust it
th
to set the signal peak at the 9 division. Record the frequency of F2.
8 Calculate (F2 ∼ F1) / (Span × 0.8) and check the value is within the
specified range shown in the table on the next page.
9 Repeat steps 5 through 10 for each frequency span with 1500 ㎒ center
frequency range between the maximum and minimum values shown in the
following table.
10 Calculate the Frequency Span accuracy by using the following equation :

[Frequency (F2) - Frequency (F1)] × 100

Frequency span accurcy =
(Span × 0.8)

6-12
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Spectrum Analyzer Signal Generator (㎒) Specification (±3 %)

Center Frequency Span F2 F1 Minimum Span Maximum Span Accuracy

50 ㎑ 48.5 ㎑ 51.5 ㎑
200 ㎑ 194 ㎑ 206 ㎑
1㎒ 970 ㎑ 1.03 ㎒
2㎒ 1.94 ㎒ 2.06 ㎒
5㎒ 4.85 ㎒ 5.15 ㎒
10 ㎒ 9.7 ㎒ 10.3 ㎒
20 ㎒ 19.4 ㎒ 20.6 ㎒
1500 ㎒
50 ㎒ 48.5 ㎒ 51.5 ㎒
100 ㎒ 97 ㎒ 103 ㎒
200 ㎒ 194 ㎒ 206 ㎒
500 ㎒ 485 ㎒ 515 ㎒
1000 ㎒ 970 ㎒ 1030 ㎒
2000 ㎒ 1940 ㎒ 2060 ㎒
3000 ㎒ 2910 ㎒ 3090 ㎒

6-13
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Resolution Bandwidth(RBW) and Selectivity and Switching Error

Resolution Bandwidth(RBW)
When there are two input signals with a frequency difference corresponding to the 3dB
bandwidth (of IF final stage) the signals can be resolved as two waveforms. This is
called resolution bandwidth.

RBW accuracy and selectivity

The accuracy is defined by the coincidence between setting of RBW and 3dB bandwidth
of signal.
The selectivity is defined by the ratio of the filter width, in ㎐, at the –60dB point, to
the filter width, in ㎐, at the –3dB point, as shown in the formula below.
To test the resolution bandwidth and selectivity, first measure the resolution bandwidth
(3dB bandwidth), then the 60dB bandwidth and calculate the 60dB/3dB bandwidth ratio.

RBW switching error

The switching error is defined as the shift in amplitude when the RBW filter is
switched.

1) Specification
Accuracy
≤ ±20 % at 3 dB (300Hz, 1 ㎑, 3 ㎑, 10 ㎑, 30 ㎑, 100 ㎑, 300 ㎑, 1 ㎒, 3 ㎒)
≤ ±20 % at 6 dB (9 ㎑, 120 ㎑)
Selectivity
(60dB/3dB Bandwidth) : ≤ 15:1 (1 ㎑, 3 ㎑, 10 ㎑, 30 ㎑, 100 ㎑, 300 ㎑, 1 ㎒,
3 ㎒)
(60dB/6dB Bandwidth) : ≤ 12:1 (9 ㎑, 120 ㎑)
Switching error : ≤ ±1.0 dB at RBW 3 ㎑.

2) Test Instruments
Synthesized Signal Generator : MG3633A [Anritsu]
RF Cable : N[male] ~ N[male]
BNC Cable

6-14
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

3) Setup

External
Reference
10 ㎒
Synthesized
Signal Generator
BNC Cable RF Cable
MG3633A

Figure 6-4. Resolution Bandwidth and Selectivity and Error

4) Procedure
RBW Accuracy

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. and then All Align key.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 501 ㎒
Span : 10 ㎒
Reference level : -19 dBm
RBW : 3㎒
VBW : 300 ㎑
Scale : 1 dB/Div
Sweep time : Auto
10 ㎒ REF : EXT
4 Set the Synthesized signal generator (MG3633A) as shown below :
Frequency : 501 ㎒
Power : -20 dBm

6-15
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

5 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr>Ref key and match the peak of the signal
trace to the top line Ref Level on the screen.
6 Press TRIG , Single key to execute a single sweep, then check that the
single sweep has been completed.
7 Press MEAS , X dB Down.., X[dB] Point [3.0] softkey and then measured
value.
8 Press TRIG , Continuous softkey.
9 Repeat step 5 to 9 for the other resolution bandwidth according to the
combinations of resolution bandwidth and frequency span shown in the follow
table.
10 Calculate RBW filter accuracy :

(RBW - Measured Value)

Accuracy = × 100%
RBW

Spectrum Analyzer Marker Δ3dB( 6dB ) bandwidth

Accuracy Remark
RBW Span Minimum Measure Maximum

1㎑ 2㎑ 800 ㎐ 1.2 ㎑
3㎑ 5㎑ 2.4 ㎑ 3.6 ㎑
9㎑ 20 ㎑ 7.2 ㎑ 10.8 ㎑ (6 dB BW)
10 ㎑ 20 ㎑ 8.0 ㎑ 12.0 ㎑
30 ㎑ 50 ㎑ 24 ㎑ 36 ㎑
100 ㎑ 200 ㎑ 80 ㎑ 120 ㎑
120 ㎑ 200 ㎑ 96 ㎑ 144 ㎑ (6 dB BW)
300 ㎑ 500 ㎑ 240 ㎑ 360 ㎑
1㎒ 2㎒ 800 ㎑ 1.2 ㎑
3㎒ 5㎒ 2.4 ㎒ 3.6 ㎒

6-16
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

RBW Selectivity

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkery and then All Align softkey.
3 Set the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 501 ㎒
Span : 100 ㎒
Reference level : -10 dBm
ATT : Auto
RBW : 3㎒
Scale : 10 dB/Div
Sweep time : Auto
4 Set the Synthesized signal generator (MG3633A) as shown below :
Frequency : 501 ㎒
Power : -15 dBm
5 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr>Ref key and match the peak of the signal trace
to the stop line Ref Level on the screen.
6 Press TRIG , Single key to execute a signal sweep, then check that the
single sweep has been completed.
7 Press MEAS , X dB Down.., X [dB] point[60] set key and then measure the
X dB Relate.
8 Press TRIG , Continuous key. Change the RBW filter and measure.
9 Repeat sets 5 to 9 for the other resolution bandwidth filters and frequency
spans according to the combinations of resolution bandwidth and frequency
span shown in the follow table.
10 For 3 dB bandwidth, used the value table (item RBW Accuracy)
11 Calculate RBW Selectivity :

60 dB Bandwidth
Selectivity =
3 dB Bandwidth (or 6 dB Bandwidth)

6-17
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Spectrum Analyzer
3dB BW
60dB BW Selectivity Remark
(6dB BW)
RBW Span

1㎑ 20 ㎑
3㎑ 50 ㎑
9㎑ 100 ㎑ (6 dB BW)
10 ㎑ 200 ㎑
30 ㎑ 500 ㎑
100 ㎑ 2㎒
120 ㎑ 2㎒ (6 dB BW)
300 ㎑ 10 ㎒
1㎒ 20 ㎒
3㎒ 50 ㎒

RBW Switching error

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 100 ㎒
Span : 20 ㎒
Reference level : -10 dBm
ATT : Auto
RBW : 3㎑
Scale : 10 dB/Div
Sweep time : Auto
10 ㎒ REF : EXT
4 Set the Synthesized signal generator (MG3633A) as shown below :
Frequency : 100 ㎒
Power : -15 dBm

6-18
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

5 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr > CF key to move the signal peak to the
center and the top of the screen.
6 Press MKR , Delta key that in order to set to the marker to delta marker.
7 Set sequentially RBW and SPAN as shown in the table (300 ㎐/2 ㎑ ~ 3 ㎒
/15 ㎒ ).
8 Press PEAK key to conduct peak search and move the current marker to
the peak point of the signal spectrum.
9 Read the Δmarker level value.
10 Repeat the step 7 to 9.

RBW Frequency span Deviation (error) Remark

300 ㎐ 2㎑
1㎑ 10 ㎑
3㎑ 20 ㎑ 0.0 (Reference)
10 ㎑ 50 ㎑
30 ㎑ 150 ㎑
100 ㎑ 500 ㎑
300 ㎑ 1.5 ㎒
1㎒ 5㎒
3㎒ 15 ㎒

6-19
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Sideband Noise (Phase noise)

Sideband noise measured the noise of local oscillator signal measured at an offset from
the carrier frequency. It is important to use a signal source with 10dB or better sideband
noise performance than spectrum analyzer.

Sideband
Noise

fo f

1) Specification
Sideband noise (phase noise) : ≤－90 dBc/㎐ (10 ㎑ at offset frequency)
2) Test Instruments
Synthesized signal generator : MG3633A
RF Cable : N[male] ~ N[male]
BNC Cable
3) Setup

External
Reference
10 ㎒
Synthesized
Signal Generator
BNC Cable RF Cable
MG3633A

Figure 6-5. Sideband Noise

6-20
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 3.0GHz
Span : 100 ㎑
Reference level : -10 dBm
ATT : 0 dB
RBW : 1㎑
VBW : 100 Hz
Scale : 10 dB/Div
Sweep time : Auto
4 Set up the MG3633A as shown below :
Frequency : 3.0 GHz
Power : -10 dBm
5 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr>CF key and Mkr>Ref to move the signal
spectrum peak to the center and the top of the screen.
6 Press the MKR , Delta that in order to set to the marker to Δmarker.
7 Set the Δmarker to frequency of 10 ㎑ and read marker value (amplitude).
Calculate Sideband noise.
Sideband noise = Measured Value (Δmarker value) – 10log (RBW/1 ㎐)

Example ]

Offset frequency RBW Measured value Sideband Noise

10 ㎑ 1㎑ -65 dBc -95 dBc/㎐

* Press MKR , More.. , Function.. , Phase Noise key then phase noise test will be
completed.

6-21
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Frequency Measurement Accuracy

To measure frequency counter accuracy set the signal generator and marker point to a
position at least 20 dB higher than the noise (or adjacent interference signal) to operate
the built-in counter and test the frequency measurement accuracy using the Frequency
Counter COUNT ON mode.

1) Specification
Accuracy : ≤ ±((Reference frequency accuracy × marker frequency) +
(1(resolution error) + 1(counter error) × counter resolution ) )
Resolution : 1 ㎐, 10 ㎐, 100 ㎐, 1 ㎑
Sensitivity : -70 dBm min
※ Reference oscillator accuracy : ≤±2 ppm (default option)
2) Test Instruments
Synthesized signal generator : MG3633A or equivalent
Frequency counter : HP5350B
Power Splitter : HP11636A
RF Cable 1,2,3 : N [male] ∼ N [male]
BNC Cable : BNC [male] ∼ BNC [male]
Adopter : T-BNC [female]
3) Setup

Adopter BNC
Cable1
External
Reference
MG3633A 10 ㎒
Synthesized
Signal Power Splitter RF Cable2
Generator
HP11636A Frequency Counter
RF Cable1 RF Cable3
BNC HP5350B
Cable2

Figure 6-6. Frequency Measurement Accuracy

6-22
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 3000 ㎒
Span : 50 ㎑
10 ㎒ REF : EXT
Couple : All Auto
Reference Level : -20 dBm
Set the Synthesized signal generator as shown below :
Frequency : 3000 ㎒
Power : -30 dBm
4 Press MKR , More.. , Function.. and Counter key to set Frequency Counter
ON.
5 Change the counter resolution to 1 ㎑, 100 ㎐, 10 ㎐ and 1 ㎐ then confirm
that the frequency reading specification below table.

Spectrum Analyzer Measured Frequency

Signal Generator
Standard Accuracy
Freq. Level Marker Measured
CF Resolution
Frequency Accuracy

1㎐
10 ㎐ ±(Reference frequency
3000 ㎒, -30 dBm 3000 ㎒
100 ㎐ error × marker
1000 ㎐ frequency accuracy +
counter resolution ±1
count)
3000 ㎒, -70 dBm 3000 ㎒ 1000 ㎐

6-23
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Amplitude Display Linearity

This test determines the error per vertical graduation for the LOG display and LINEAR
display.
Apply the correct level signal to the RF Input via an external attenuator and measure the
error from the attenuation of the attenuator and the Δmarker reading at the trace
waveform peak.

1) Specification
Amplitude display linearity : After automatic calibration
LOG : ≤±1.5 dB for 5 or 10 dB / div over (RBW ≤ 3 ㎑)
≤±0.5 dB for 1 or 2 dB / div over (RBW ≤ 3 ㎑)
Linear : ≤±10 % of Ref Level, 10 div
2) Test Instrument
Synthesized Signal Generator : MG3633A
Attenuator : HP 8494, HP 8496
RF Cable 1,2,3 : N [male] ∼ N [male]
Power Meter : HP437B with Power Sensor
Power Splitter : HP11636A
BNC Cable
3) Setup

Synthesized
Signal Generator
BNC Cable
MG3633A
External
Reference
RF Cable1 10 ㎒

Attenuator
HP8494 HP8496 Power Splitter RF Cable3
HP11636A Power Sensor
RF
Cable2 HP8481A Power Meter
HP5350B
Figure 6-7. Amplitude display linearity

6-24
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure
LOG Linearity [10 dB/div, 5 dB/div, 2 dB/div, 1 dB/div]

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 100 ㎒
Reference level : 0 dBm
Span : 10 ㎑
ATT : 10 dB
RBW : 1㎑
VBW : 10 ㎐
Scale : 10 dB/Div
4 Set the Synthesized signal generator (MG3633A) as shown below :
Frequency : 100 ㎒
Power : ＋6 dBm
5 Press AMPL , Log key and then the Scale.., 10 dB/div key to set the
display in the Log state.
6 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr > CF key and then the Mkr > Ref key to set
the waveform peak to the center of the screen.
Adjust Signal generator as required to confirm that power meter measures 0
dBm.
7 Press MKR , Delta key and increase Attenuator in 10 dB steps [HP8494,
HP8496] reading Δmarker level.
8 Calculate Log Linearity [10 dB/div].
Amplitude display linearity error = Attenuator value (dB) ＋ Δmarker level
9 Repeat Log Linearity [5 dB/div, 2 dB/div, 1 dB/div] steps 5 than 8.

6-25
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Log Display Linearity [10 dB/DIV]

Test Instrument Attenuator Δmarker

Error Remark
Value (dB)
Setting (dB)

0 0 Reference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70

Log Display Linearity [5 dB/DIV]

Test Instrument Attenuator Δmarker

Error Remark
Value (dB)
Setting (dB)

0 0 0 Reference
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

6-26
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Log Display Linearity [2 dB/DIV]

Test Instrument Attenuator Δmarker

Error Remark
Value (dB)
Setting (dB)

0 0 0 Reference
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20

Log Display Linearity [1 dB/DIV]

Test Instrument Attenuator Δmarker

Error Remark
Value (dB)
Setting (dB)

0 0 0 Reference
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

6-27
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

LINEAR Linearity [Full scale]

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 100 ㎒
Reference level : 0 dBm
Span : 10 ㎑
ATT : 10 dBm
RBW : 1㎑
VBW : 10 ㎐
Scale : 10 dB/Div
4 Set the Synthesized signal generator (MG3633A) as shown below :
Frequency : 100 ㎒
Power : 6 dBm
5 Press AMPL , Linear key and then the AMPL , Unit.. , VOLTS key to set
the display in the linear state.
6 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr > CF key to set the spectrum waveform peak
to the center of the screen.
7 By control the signal generator, make the output level 223 mV.
8 Increase Attenuator [HP8494,HP8496] by step 6 dB and reading the level.
9 Calculate LINEAR Linearity (Full scale).
Amplitude display linearity error = Attenuator value (dB) + Δmarker level.

6-28
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Linear Display Linearity (full scale)

ATT
Marker Value (dB) Error Remark
Setting (dB)

0 0 0 Reference

12
18

6-29
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Frequency Response

Generally, when one or more signals with a different frequency but the same amplitude
are applied to the unit, the spectrum analyzer display the same amplitude for each signal
on the screen.

1) Specification
Frequency response : -3 dB ∼ +1 dB (1 ㎑ ∼ 10 ㎒)
≤±1.5 dB (10 ㎒ ∼ 3.0 ㎓) [@ATT = 10 dB]
2) Test Instruments
Synthesized Signal Generator : MG3633A
Power Meter : HP437B
Power Sensor : HP8481A
Power Splitter : HP11636A
RF Cable 1,2 : N [male] ∼ N [male]
BNC Cable
3) Setup

Synthesized
Signal Generator
BNC Cable
MG3633A
External
Reference
10 ㎒
Power Splitter RF Cable2
RF Cable1
HP11636A Power Sensor
HP8481A Power Meter
HP437B
RF Cable3

Figure 6-8. Frequency Response

6-30
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure
Power meter calibration and measurement procedure

Step Procedure

1 Connect the Power Meter [HP437B] to Power sensor [HP8481A]

2 Connect the Power sensor to Power Meter input port.
3 Push Power REF button of Power Meter and then display value 0 dBm.
4 If display value is not 0 dBm, turn Cal ADJ.
5 Connect the test equipment as shown above.
6 Adjust Signal generator output level set to –4 dBm
Set up the synthesized signal generator as shown below :
Frequency : 100 ㎒
Power : -4 dBm

7 Read the power meter display and adjust signal generator output level to
-10 dBm.
8 Press PRESET , Preset key.
9 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
10 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 100 ㎒
Reference level : 0 dBm
Span : 10 kHz
Couple : All Auto

11 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr > CF key to set the waveform peak to the
center of the screen. Read the marker level and write to the below table.
12 Change Signal generator output frequency and adjust the signal generator to
the level on the power meter –10 dBm.
13 Calculate Frequency response.
Error = Power meter value – display Marker peak value

Power Meter value Marker peak value

Signal Generator Frequency Error Remark
[dBm] [dBm]
100 ㎒
300 ㎒
500 ㎒
1000 ㎒
1500 ㎒
2000 ㎒

6-31
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Reference Level Accuracy

Here the absolute amplitude level at only 100 ㎒ is tested. Confirm the level accuracy
with a signal from the Signal Generator, calibrated by a standard power meter.

1) Specification
Reference level accuracy : ≤±1.5 dB (50 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓)
2) Test Instruments
Synthesized signal generator : MG3633A
Power Meter : HP437B
Power Sensor : HP8481A, HP8481D
Step Attenuator : HP8496, HP8494
RF Cable 1,2,3 : N [male] ∼ N [male]
Power Splitter : HP11636A
BNC Cable
3) Setup

Synthesized
Signal Generator
BNC Cable
MG3633A
External
Reference
RF Cable1 10 ㎒

Attenuator
HP8494 HP8496 Power Splitter RF Cable3
HP11636A Power Sensor
RF
Cable2 HP8481A Power Meter
HP437B
RF Cable4

Figure 6-9. Reference level Accuracy

6-32
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure
Power meter calibration and Reference Calibration

Step Procedure

1 Connect the Power Meter [HP437B] to Power sensor [HP8481A].

2 Connect the Power sensor to Power Meter input port.
3 Push Power REF button of Power Meter and then display value 0 dBm.
4 If displayed value is not 0 dBm, turn Cal ADJ.
5 Set up the test equipment as shown above.
6 Adjust Signal generator output level to +6 dBm.
Frequency : 100 ㎒
Power : +6 dBm
7 Press PRESET , Preset key.
8 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
9 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 100 ㎒
Reference level : 0 dBm
Span : 10 ㎑
RBW : 1㎑
VBW : 1㎑
ATT : Auto

10 Adjust Signal generator output level so that the Reference level in the table
below is indicated on the power meter until the power meter locks the
sensitivity (Other Ref level in table use first the 10 dB steps of the
attenuator, and the adjust the power meter).
11 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr > CF key to set the spectrum waveform peak
to the center of the screen Press Mkr ＞ Ref.
12 Read the marker level.
13 Calculate Reference level accuracy :
14 Reference level accuracy = Marker level value – Power meter reference value.
Repeat the step 9 to 13 for other ref level in table.

6-33
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Step Attenuator value Marker level value

Reference level [dBm] Error
(dB) [dBm]

0 0
-10 10
-20 20
-30 30
-40 40
-50 50
-60 60
-70 70

6-34
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Average Noise Level

The internal noise of the spectrum analyzer is measured with this test.

1) Specification
Average noise level : ≤-105 dBm, 50 ㎑ to 100 ㎑
≤-110 dBm, 100 ㎑ to 2.8 ㎓
≤-105 dBm, 2.8 ㎓ to 3.0 ㎓
(RBW 1 ㎑, VBW 10 ㎐)
2) Test Instruments
50 ohm termination : HP909F
3) Set up

50ohm
Termination
HP909F

Figure 6-10. Average Noise level

6-35
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 50 ㎑
Span : 20 ㎑
Reference level : -50dBm
ATT : 0dBm
RBW : 300 ㎐
VBW : 10 ㎐
Detector mode : Average
4 Terminate the RF Input with a 50 Ω terminator.
5 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr > CF key to set the spectrum waveform peak
to the center of the screen.
6 Change the Spectrum Analyzer as show below.
7 Press TRACE , More.. , Average.. , Average [ON] , Count [16] key.
8 Press TRACE , More.. , Average.. , Continuous key to start the averaging
and wait until the 16 sweeps has been competed.
9 Press PEAK key to execute peak search. At this point read the level
value at the marker. If a spurious signal exists within span, move the marker
to a flat noise region and then read the level value at the maker.
10 With changing the center frequency, repeat the step 7 to 9.

Center Frequency Span Average noise level Remark

50 ㎑
500 ㎑ 20 ㎑
2.5 ㎓
3.0 ㎓

6-36
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Second Harmonic Distortion

The main point of the test is to apply a signal (with harmonic distortion that is lower
than the Spectrum Analyzer internal harmonic distortion [at least 20dB below] to the
Spectrum Analyzer and measure the level difference between the fundamental signal and
the second harmonic.
A low-distortion signal source can be obtained by a applying signal to the Spectrum
Analyzer after passing the signal through a low-pass filter (LPF)

1) Specification
Second harmonic distortion : ≤-65 dBc, -30 dBm input, 0 dB attenuation
2) Test Instruments
Synthesized Signal Generator : MG3633A
RF Cable 1,2,3 : N [male] ∼ N [male]
LPF : With attenuation of 70 dB or more at twice
the fundamental frequencies
Power Splitter : HP11636A
Power Meter : HP437B
Power Sensor : HP8481A
BNC cable
3) Setup

Synthesized
Signal Generator
BNC Cable
MG3633A
External
Reference
10 ㎒
RF Cable1

Power Splitter RF Cable3

LPF HP11636A Power Sensor
RF
Cable2 HP8481A Power Meter
HP5350B
RF Cable4

Figure 6-11. Second Harmonic Distortion

6-37
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 95 ㎒
Span : 50 ㎑
Reference level : -30 dBm
ATT : 0 dB
RBW : 300 ㎐
VBW : 30 ㎐
Sweep time : Auto
4 Set the Synthesized signal generator as shown below :
Frequency : 95 ㎒
Power : -24 dBm
5 Adjust the signal generator level that the signal measured is –30 dBm on
the Spectrum Analyzer.
6 Set the Center Frequency to twice the fundamental frequency to display the
second harmonic on the screen.
7 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr > CF key and calculate the difference from
–30dBm. Write to table.
8 According to table adjust the frequency and LPF, repeat the step 3 to 7.

Signal generator Second harmonic

Output power Frequency Marker level dBc Frequency

95 ㎒ 190 ㎒
245 ㎒ 490 ㎒
-30dBm
495 ㎒ 990 ㎒
995 ㎒ 1990 ㎒

6-38
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Input Attenuator Switching Error

This test measures the switching error when the amount of attenuation in the RF input
section is switched.

1) Specification
Input attenuator switching error : ±0.5 dB/step, 100 ㎒
±1.5 dB/maximum step,100 ㎒
2) Test Instruments
Synthesized signal generator : MG3633A
RF Cable : N [male] ∼ N [male]
BNC Cable
3) Setup

Synthesized
Signal Generator
BNC Cable
MG3633A
External
Reference
10 ㎒

RF Cable

Figure 6-12. Input Attenuator Switching Error

6-39
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure
Power meter calibration and Signal generator Calibration

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 100 ㎒
Span : 500 ㎑
Reference level : -10 dBm
ATT : 0 dBm
RBW : 3㎑
VBW : 30 ㎐
Sweep time : Auto
4 Set the Signal generator MG3633A as show below :
Frequency : 100 ㎒
Power : -20 dBm
5 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr > CF and Mkr > Ref key to set the spectrum
waveform peak to the center and top of the screen.
6 Press MKR , Delta key , check the marker level is 0.
7 Press AMPL , Atten [MNL], 10 dB key, set attenuator to 10 dB, read
the delta marker level and write down on table.
8 Press MKR , OFF.
9 Repeat the step 5 to 8 for other value in table. In each turn set the input
attenuator to measure in 7 step.
10 When end the measurement, Sum the each delta level with same sign. And
then the result compare with spec(±1.5 dB) in the table.

6-40
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Input Attenuator
Delta Marker level Spec
Before change ATT After change ATT

0 dB 10 dB

10 dB 20 dB ±0.5dB/step up to ±

20 dB 30 dB 1.5dB maximum, 100

30 dB 40 dB ㎒

40 dB 50 dB

6-41
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Residual FM

Measure the purity of frequency.

1) Specification : ≤100 ㎐ P-P in 200 ㎳, 1 ㎑ RBW, 1 ㎑ VBW

2) Test Instruments
Modulation Analyzer : HP8901B
BNC Cable : BNC [male] ∼ BNC [male]
3) Setup

Modulation Analyzer
HP8901B
BNC Cable
IF OUTPUT
10.7 ㎒

Figure 6-13. Residual FM

6-42
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 40 ㎒
Reference level : -10 dBm
Span : 10 ㎑
RBW : 1㎑
VBW : 1㎑
Sweep time : Auto
4 Press PRESET , Cal. Signal [ON] to set the internal calibration Signal ON.
5 Press PEAK , MKR> , Mkr > CF key to center to the spectrum waveform
display on top line of the screen.
6 Press SPAN , Zero Span.
7 Connect Modulation Analyzer to Rear Panel IF output and measure frequency
modulation.
8 Compare with spec.

6-43
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

rd
3 Order Intermodulation

Two signal generator provide the signals required for measuring third order intermodulation.
It is difficult when the input level is –30dBm because the intermodulation signal is very
close in level to the noise.

1) Specification : ≤-65dBc, 〈700 ㎒, -30dBm input, 0dB att.

: ≤-70dBc, ≥700 ㎒, -30dBm input, 0dB att.
2) Test Instruments
Synthesized Signal Generator 1,2 : MG3633A
Step Attenuator : HP8494B, HP8496B
Power Meter : HP437B
Power Sensor : HP8481A
Power Splitter : HP11636A
RF Cable 1,2,3,4 : N [male] ∼ N [male]
BNC Cable 1,2 : BNC [male] ∼ BNC [male]
Adapter : T-BNC [female]
3) Setup

BNC cable 1

External ref.
frequency
10 ㎒
Power Sensor
HP8481A HP437B Power Meter

Attenuator
Power Splitter HP8494 HP8496 RF
RF cable 1 Cable 4
Adopter MG3633A
HP11636A
RF
Synthesized Signal Cable 3
Generator #1 RF cable 2
MG3633A
BNC cable 2 Synthesized Signal
Generator #2
rd
Figure 6-14. 3 Order intermodulation

6-44
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure
Power meter calibration

Step Procedure

1 Connect the Power Meter [HP437B] to Power sensor [HP8481A].

2 Connect the Power sensor to Power Meter input port.
3 Push Power REF button of Power Meter and then display value 0 dBm.
4 If display value is not 0 dBm, turn Cal ADJ.
5 Set up synthesized signal generators as shown on previous page.
Synthesized signal generator 1
Frequency : 1000 ㎒
Power : -24 dBm
Synthesized signal generator 2
Frequency : 1000.1 ㎒
Power : -24 dBm

rd
Measurement of 3 Order Intermodulation

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 1000 ㎒
Reference level : -30 dBm
Span : 1㎒
ATT : Auto
RBW : 3㎑
VBW : 100 Hz
Sweep Time : Auto
4 Turn generator #2 RF off. Disconnect RF cable 3 from Power Splitter, and
connect Power Sensor with Power Splitter. Adjust signal generator #1 level
so that power meter reads -30 dBm.

6-45
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

5 Turn generator #1 RF off and generator #2 on.

6 Adjust signal generator #2 level so that power meter reads -30 dBm.
Disconnect Power Sensor from Power Splitter and connect RF cable 3.
7 Turn RF on for both signal generator.
8 Press PEAK key to set the normal marker to one at the two signals at -
30 dBm.
9 Press MKR , Delta key.
10 Move normal marker to peak of the intermodulation product signal( left side
of #1 generator signal(1000 ㎒ - 100 ㎑) and right side of #2 generator
signal(1000.1 ㎒ + 100 ㎑) ). Read it’s level difference.

6-46
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Spurious Response

This test measures spurious frequency levels in the Spectrum Analyzer.

The RF Input is terminated and 0 dB Input attenuation is selected.

1) Specification : ≤-85 dBm (Input terminated, 0 dB attenuation)

2) Test Instruments
50 ohm Termination : HP909F
3) Setup

50ohm
Termination
HP909F

Figure 6-15. Residual Response

6-47
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 300 ㎑
Span : 300 ㎑
Reference level : -40 dBm
ATT : 0 dB
RBW : 1㎑
VBW : Auto
Sweep Time : Auto
Detector Mode : Pos Peak
4 Press DISP , Disp Line [ON], Disp Line key and rotate knob to –85 dBm.
5 Press TRIG , Single key. Wait for completion of the sweep.
Any residual responses must be below the display line.
6 Press PEAK key and record marker amplitude.
7 Set center frequency step to 300 ㎑ using FREQ , CF Step [MNL], CF Step
and change the Center frequency.
8 Follow the proceeding step 5 to 7.

Marker Amplitude Spectrum Analyzer

Frequency
[dBm] Specification [dBm]

300 ㎑

600 ㎑

900 ㎑ < -85

:
:
3.0 ㎓

6-48
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Local Oscillator Emission

This test measures, the Local Emission power from the input of spectrum analyzer.
This is measure of how well the local oscillator is isolated from the RF input connector.

1) Specification : ≤-70 dBm (with 10 dB attenuation)

2) Test Instruments
Spectrum Analyzer : IFR 2390A
RF Cable : N [male] ∼ N [male]
3) Setup
IFR 2390A Reference Level –20 dBm

RF Input

CF : 3510.7 MHz SPAN : 100 kHz

Reference Level –30 dBm RF Cable

Figure 6-16. LO Emission

6-49
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset key.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. softkey and then All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 100 ㎒
Span : Zero Span
Reference level : -30 dBm
ATT : 10 dB

4 Set up the IFR2390A as shown below :

Center frequency : 3410.7 ㎒ + Center Frequency(100 ㎒)
Span : 100 ㎑
Reference level : -20 dBm
RBW : 3㎑
VBW : 1㎑
5 Read the power level of IFR2390A and record.
6 Press FREQ , Center key to change Spectrum Analyzer center frequency.
The IFR2390A must also change the center frequency.
7 Repeat step 5 through 6.

Spectrum Analyzer Measured

Specification [dBm]
Center frequency Power [dBm]

100 ㎒
500 ㎒
1000 ㎒
-70
1500 ㎒
2000 ㎒
2500 ㎒

6-50
 SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

Input VSWR

This test verifies the Input VSWR of the spectrum analyzer.

1) Specification : ＜ 1.5:1, 150 ㎑ to 3.0 ㎓

(with 10 dB Input attenuation)
2) Test Instruments
Network Analyzer 1 : HP8720D
※ Frequency Range : 50 ㎒ ∼ 20 ㎓
Network Analyzer 2 : HP8751A
※ Frequency Range : 5 ㎐ ∼ 500 ㎒
(S-parameter [HP8751A] : 100 ㎑ ∼ 500 ㎒)
Calibration Cable : HP 85131-60012 [3.5mm flexible]
HP 85131-60013 [3.5mm flexible]
N [male] ~ N [male]
Calibration Kit : HP 85052B [3.5mm]
HP 85032B [Type N]
Adapter : SMA [female] ∼ N [male]
3) Setup

VSWR
S11

Network
Analyzer

HP8720D

START : 100 MHz Stop : 3.0GHz

VSWR Calibration Cable

S11 HP8751A

Network
Analyzer

START : 150 kHz Stop : 150 MHz

Figure 6-17. Input VSWR

6-51
SECTION 6 PERFORMANCE TESTS

4) Procedure

Step Procedure

1 Press PRESET , Preset.

2 Press Alignment Mode.. and All Align softkey.
3 Set up the Spectrum Analyzer as shown below :
Center frequency : 100 ㎒
ATT : 10 dB
4 Set up the Network Analyzer(HP8751A) as shown below :
Start frequency : 150 ㎑
Stop frequency : 150 ㎒
Output Level : -10 dBm
5 Connect cable to Network Analyzer and calibrate following each equipment
calibration procedure.
6 Connect the cable in Network Analyzer to spectrum analyzer and measure
the VSWR. Compare with specification.
7 Output Power off the Network Analyzer and disconnect the cable.
8 Set up the Network Analyzer(HP8720D) as shown below :
Start frequency : 100 ㎒
Stop frequency : 3.0 ㎓
Output Level : -10 dBm
9 Repeat the step 5 to 7.

Frequency range Measurement(Max) Specification

150 ㎑ ~ 150 ㎒ ≤ 1.5 : 1

100 ㎒ ~ 3.0 ㎓ ≤ 1.5 : 1

6-52
 SECTION 7 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

SECTION 7
STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

This section describes the long term storage, repacking and transportation of the
Spectrum Analyzer as well as the regular care procedures and the timing.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CLEANING ------------------------------------------------------------- 7-3

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS ---------------------------------------------- 7-4
Precautions Before Storage ----------------------------------------- 7-4
Recommended Storage Precautions ---------------------------------- 7-4
REPACKING AND TRANSPORTATION ----------------------------------- 7-5
Repacking ----------------------------------------------------------- 7-5
Transportation ------------------------------------------------------- 7-5
SERVICE --------------------------------------------------------------- 7-6

7-1
SECTION 7 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

<BLANK>

7-2
 SECTION 7 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

SECTION 7
STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

CLEANING CABINET

Always turn the Spectrum Analyzer POWER switch OFF and disconnect the power plug
from the AC power inlet before cleaning the cabinet.
To clean the external cabinet :
Use a soft, dry cloth for wiping off.
Use a cloth moistened with diluted neural cleaning liquid if the instrument is very
dirty of before long term storage.
After insuring that the cabinet has been thoroughly dried, use a soft, dry cloth for
wiping off.
If loose screw are found, tighten them with the appropriate tools.

CAUTION

Never use benzene, thinner, or alcohol to clean the external cabinet : it may damage
the coating, or cause deformation or discoloration.

7-3
SECTION 7 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS

This paragraph describes the precautions to take for long term storage of the Spectrum
Analyzer.

Precautions before storage

1. Before storage, wipe dust, finger marks, and other dirt off of the Spectrum Analyzer.
2. Close the font cover.
3. Avoid storing the Spectrum Analyzer where :
1) It may be exposed to direct sunlight or high dust levels.
2) It may be exposed to active gases.
3) It may be exposed to extreme temperatures (＞50℃) or high humidity (＞90%).

Recommended storage precautions

The recommended storage conditions are as follows :

Temperature 0 to 50℃
Humidity 10% to 60%

7-4
 SECTION 7 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

REPACKING AND TRANSPORTATION

The following precautions should be take if the Spectrum Analyzer must be returned to
NEX1 FUTURE for servicing.

Repacking

Use the original packing materials. If the Spectrum Analyzer is packed in other materials,
observe the following packing procedure :

1) Wrap Spectrum Analyzer in plastic sheet or similar material.

2) Use a corrugatedpaper, wooden box, or aluminum case which allows shock-absorbent
material to be inserted on all sides of the equipment.
3) Secure the container with packing straps, adhesive tape or bands.

Transportation

Do not subject the Spectrum Analyzer to severe vibration during transport. It should be
transported under the recommended storage conditions.

7-5
SECTION 7 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

SERVICE

If the Spectrum Analyzer is damaged or does not operate as specified, contact your
nearest NEX1 FUTURE dealer or business office (refer to the rear cover in this manual)
for repair. When you request repair, provide the following information :

1) Model number and serial number on rear panel.

2) Fault description : Symptom, operation procedure before fault(include peripheral or
equipment and plot of connection circuit), circumstance(temperature, humidity, time,
date, place), guess of yours etc.
3) Name of a personnel-in-charge and address for contact when fault confirmed or at
completion of repair.

7-6 Rev.00 01/2005

Spectrum Analyzer
Measurement Guide
Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

NEX1 FUTURE makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but
not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose. NEX1 FUTURE shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this
material.

Safety Notice

The following safety notes are used throughout this manual.

Familiarize yourself with the notes and their meaning before operating this instrument

CAUTION Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if

not correctly performed or adhered to, would result in damage to
or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution
until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WARNING Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if

not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss
of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated
conditions are fully understood and met.

WARNING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthling

ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be
inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the
product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional
interruption is prohibited.

Where to Find the Latest Information

Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about Spectrum Analyzer,
including firmware upgrades and application information, Please visit the following Internet
URL : http://www.nex1.co.kr

2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW ----------------------------------------- 1-1

Front-Panel Features -------------------------------------------------- 1-1
Rear-Panel Features --------------------------------------------------- 1-5
Display Annotation ----------------------------------------------------- 1-7

2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS ---------------------------------- 2-1

What is in This Chapter ----------------------------------------------- 2-1
Comparing Signals ----------------------------------------------------- 2-2
Example : Delta marker function ------------------------------------- 2-2
Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude ---------------------------------- 2-4
Example : Selection RBW ------------------------------------------- 2-5
Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals ----------------------- 2-7
Example : Selection RBW ------------------------------------------- 2-8
Making Better Frequency Measurements ------------------------------- 2-10
Example : Marker counter function ---------------------------------- 2-10
Decreasing the Frequency Span Around the Signal -------------------- 2-12
Example : Mkr Track function --------------------------------------- 2-12
Tracking Drifting Signals ---------------------------------------------- 2-14
Example 1 : Mkr Track function ------------------------------------- 2-14
Example 2 : Max Hold function -------------------------------------- 2-15
Measuring Low Level Signals ------------------------------------------ 2-17
Example 1 : Set input attenuation ----------------------------------- 2-18
Example 2 : Selection RBW ----------------------------------------- 2-20
Example 3 : Selection VBW ----------------------------------------- 2-21
Example 4 : Video average function --------------------------------- 2-23
Identifying Distortion Products ----------------------------------------- 2-25
Distortion from the Analyzer ---------------------------------------- 2-25
Example : Delta marker function ---------------------------------- 2-25
Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion ------------------------------- 2-27
Example : Delta marker function ---------------------------------- 2-27
Marking Noise Measurements ------------------------------------------ 2-29
Example 1 : MKR Noise function ------------------------------------ 2-29
Example 2 : Video filtering/Average -------------------------------- 2-31

3
 Example 3 : Channel power measurement --------------------------- 2-32
Demodulating AM Signals ---------------------------------------------- 2-34
Example : AM Demod. function ------------------------------------- 2-35
Demodulating FM Signals ---------------------------------------------- 2-38
Example 1 : Delta marker function----------------------------------- 2-38
Example 2 : FM Demod. function ----------------------------------- 2-40

4
 1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

Front Panel
Rear Panel
Screen Annotation

In this manual call the key in front panel as hard key and be expressed box of letter.
Call the soft key on the menu in screen and be expressed italic.
Ex.] FREQ Center

Front-Panel Features

1 2 3 4 5 6

10

16 15 14 13 12 11

Figure 1-1. Front-Panel Feature Overview

1-1
1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

1 Soft Menu keys are the labeled keys (F1 to F7) on the side of screen. The soft
menu key functions are annotated on the screen each side of the menu keys one to
one. Most of the labeled keys on the analyzer front panel (also called hard keys)
access menus of keys having related functions.

2 FUNCTION hard keys activate the primary analyzer functions and access menus of
related functions.

3 MEAS hard key accesses a menu of keys that automate some common analyzer
measurements. In software option, MEAS menu performed the each unique operations.

4 MARKER hard keys conduct control the markers, read out frequencies and amplitudes
along the analyzer trace, automatically locate the signals of highest amplitude, and
access functions like Marker Noise and etc.

5 CONTROL hard keys functions access menus that allow you to adjust the resolution
bandwidth, adjust the sweep time, set trigger functions, control the instrument display,
and select a kind of trace. They also set other analyzer parameters needed for
making measurements.

6 SYSTEM functions affect the state of the entire spectrum analyzer. Various setup
is accessed with the SYSTEM key.

The Save key immediately executes the Save function defined next File key.

The File key displays file directory and allows you to copy and load traces, states,
limit-line tables, and amplitude correction factors to or from analyzer memory or the
floppy disk drive. And file delete, copy, rename, select disk drive, select file type,
sort directory etc.
The LIMIT key configures the upper or lower limit line to indicate that the signal
level is pass or fail.

The Preset key resets the analyzer to a known state and can execute various
alignment routines.

The AUX key sets the auxiliary functions, such as AM/FM demodulation, audio and
squelch level.

1-2
 1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

The TG key sets the tracking generator operation. This key is only available if TG
option is installed.

The PRINT key immediately sends hardcopy data to the printer.

The print setup can be done in SYSTEM Printer Config.. which allow you to
configure printer types.

7 DATA ENTRY is include numeric key, back space(<-), sign(+/-), ENTER, scroll knob
and step keys. This used for entering the number or adjust value or moving marker
or moving cursor etc.

Number Keys include numeric key, back space(<-), sign(+/-) and ENTER key. These
keys allow you to change the numeric value of an active function. You may include a
decimal point in the number portion. If not, the decimal point is placed at the end of
the number. Ending the input by press ENTER key or press the soft key annotated in
menu area as unit for special value. Example in frequency case the unit soft key is
assigned as ㎓, ㎒, ㎑, ㎐ and amplitude case dBm, dBmV, dBuV etc.

8 The Scroll Knob allows continuous change of functions such as center frequency,
reference level, and marker position. It also changes the values of many functions
that change sequentially. Clockwise rotation of the knob increases values and
otherwise decrease. For continuous changes, the extent of alteration is determined by
the size of the measurement range; the speed at which the knob is turned affects
the rate at which the values are changed.

9 The Step Keys (▼ ▲) allow discrete increases or decreases of the active function
value. The step size depends upon the analyzer measurement range or on a preset
amount. Each press results in a single step change. For those parameters with fixed
values, the next value in a sequence is selected each time a step key is pressed.
Changes are predictable and can be set for some functions. Out-of-range values or
out-of-sequence values will not occur using these keys.

If an entry form the numeric keypad does not coincide with an

NOTE :
allowed function value (for example, that of a 12 ㎒ resolution
bandwidth), the analyzer defaults to the nearest allowable value
as 3 ㎒.

1-3
1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

10 USB Port : On the right side of the front panel is for data access media.

11 RF INPUT 50Ω : the signal input for the analyzer.

12 PROBE POWER : HP85024A(High Frequency Probe) or compatible probe can use.

13 RF OUT 50Ω (for TG Option) : the source output for the built-in tracking generator.

If the tracking generator output power is too high, it may

CAUTION damage the device under test. Do not exceed the
maximum power that the device under test can tolerate.

14 Phone : The earphone connector provides a connection for a mono earphone jack
which bypasses the internal speaker.

15 Key BD : The EXT KEYBOARD connector is a 6-pin mini-DIN connector for future use
with PC keyboards. (Only for system calibration and maintenance)

16 STBY/ON : Trns the analyzer on or off. The STBY LED is on when the power switch
(line switch) is on in the rear panel. In standby state the analyzer is turned on by
pressing momentarily the STBY/ON key. An instrument alignment is performed every
time the analyzer is turned on. After turning on the analyzer, allow 15 minutes of
warm-up time to ensure the analyzer will meet all specification. The analyzer is
turned off and returned to the standby state by pressing the STBY/ON key for about
one second.

The instrument continues to draw power even if the line power

NOTE :
switch is in standby. The detachable power cord is the instrument-
disconnecting device. It disconnects the main circuits from the main
supply before other parts of the instrument. The front-panel switch
is only a standby switch and is not a LINE switch (disconnecting
device).

1-4
 1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

Rear-Panel Features

1 2 3 4

5
6

13 12 11 10 9 8

Figure 1-2. Rear-Panel Feature Overview

1 IF OUT 10.7 ㎒ : If out is 50 Ω, 10.7MHz IF output that is the down-converted signal

of the RF input of the analyzer. Amplitude-correction factors are not applied to this
signal. This output is taken after the resolution bandwidth filters and step gains and
before the log amplifier. The output signal will be blanked occasionally during retrace
by the automatic alignment routine.

2 VIDEO : Video out provides detected video output (before the analog-to-digital
conversion) proportional to vertical deflection of the trace. Output is from 0 V to 5V.
Amplitude-correction factors are not applied to this signal. The output signal will be
blanked occasionally during retrace by the automatic alignment routine.

3 RS-232C : supports remote instrument operation.

1-5
1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

4 EXT VGA : drives an external VGA compatible monitor.

5 (Line Switch) : This is a main power switch.

6 (Line Fuse) : The fuse is removed by pulling fuse holder. Replace only with a fuse of
the same rating. See the label on the rear panel.

7 ∼ (Power input) : input for the AC line power source. Make sure that the line-
power source outlet has a protective ground contact.

8 PRINTER : Parallel port support for printing only.

9 EXT TRIG : accepts the positive edge of an external voltage input(TTL) that triggers
the analyzer internal sweep source or the gate function.

10 SWEEP GATE : Output(TTL) signal indicates when the analyzer is sweeping.

REF I/O 10.0 ㎒ : accepts an external frequency source to provide the 10 ㎒, -15 to
11 +10 dBm frequency reference used by the analyzer or provides 10MHz, timebase
reference signal. On the contrary REF I/O provides a 10MHz, +5dBm nominal,
timebase reference signal, if external frequency reference is not connected.

12 GPIB (for GPIB Option) : GPIB supports remote instrument operation.( remote control
only )

13 (Frame Ground Terminal) : When there is no grounded AC power supply outlet,

the protective frame ground terminal must be connected directly to ground potential.

If power is applied without protective grounding, there is a risk

WARNING of accidental electric shock. The protective frame ground terminal
or the ground pin of the supplied power cord must be connected
to ground potential before turning the analyzer on.

1-6
 1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

Display Annotation

Here is an example of the annotation that may appear on an analyzer display. The display
annotation is referenced by numbers which are listed in the following table. The Function
Key column indicates which key activates the function related to the annotation. Refer to
the operation manual for more information on a specific function key.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

25

24 10

23

22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11

Figure 1-3. Screen Annotation

1-7
1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

Table 1-3. Screen annotation

Number Explanation Relate key
1 Reference level AMPL Ref. Level
2 Amplitude scale AMPL Log, Linear, Scale..
3 Input Attenuation AMPL Atten. [AUTO/MNL]
4 Marker frequency MKR
5 Date and time display SYSTEM Clock Set..
6 Marker amplitude MKR
7 Screen title DISP Screen Title..
8 Data invalid indicator CPL
9 Key menu title Dependent on key selection.
10 See key label descriptions in the
Soft Key menu
Previous chapter.
11 Detector mode TRACE Detect.. *ref screen annot. 1-9
12 Reference level offset AMPL Ref. Offset [OFF/ON]
13 Frequency offset FREQ Freq. Offset [OFF/ON]
14 Trace mode TRACE
15 Trigger/Sweep TRIG

16 External/Internal frequency
FREQ 10 MHz Ref. [EXT/INT]
reference (10MHz)
17 Internal calibration signal
FREQ Cal. Signal [OFF/ON]
(40MHz, -30dBm) is on
18 Sweep time CPL Swp Time [AUTO/MNL]
19 Video bandwidth CPL VBW [AUTO/MNL]
20 Resolution bandwidth CPL RBW [AUTO/MNL]
21 Display status line
22 Frequency span or stop
SPAN WidthSpan or FREQ Stop
Frequency
23 Center frequency or start
FREQ Center or Start
Frequency
24 Trigger level indicator TRIG Source..
25 Refer to the description of the
Active function block
Activated function

1-8
 1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

11 12 13 14 15 Screen Annotation.

Trig Trace Offset Detect

F C W A V B F o R o Pos

Trig Mode Norm : Normal

Trace Trace
S: Single A B Samp : Sample

C: Continue Pos : Pos Peak

Neg : Neg Peak

Trig Source
Avg : Average
F : Free Run
Trace State
Reference level offset ON
V : Video
W : Clr & Wrt
L : Line Frequency offset ON
D : Disable
E : External
M : Max Hold
T : TV
m : Min Hold

V : View

B : Blank

a : Average

1-9
1. INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

<BLANK>

1-10
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

What is in This Chapter

This chapter demonstrates basic analyzer measurements with examples of typical

measurements; each measurement focuses on different functions. This chapter dose not
focus on testing equipment performance. This explains spectrum analyzer’s simple and
basic function and usage example in least extra equipment. For more specific information
refer to user’s manual chapter 5 or for performance test to chapter 6.
The measurement procedures covered in this chapter are listed below.

Comparing Signals : 2-2

Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude : 2-4
Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals : 2-7
Making Better Frequency Measurements : 2-10
Decreasing the Frequency Span Around the Signal : 2-12
Tracking Drifting Signals : 2-14
Measuring Low Level Signals : 2-17
Identifying Distortion Products : 2-25
Making Noise Measurements : 2-29
Demodulating AM Signals : 2-34
Demodulating FM Signals : 2-38

2-1
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Comparing Signals

Using the analyzer, you can easily compare frequency and amplitude differences between
signals, such as radio or television signal spectra. The analyzer delta marker function lets
you compare two signals when both appear on the screen at one time or when only one
appears on the screen.

Example 1 : Delta marker function

Measure the differences between two signals on the same display screen.

1. Connect the 10 ㎒ REF OUT from the rear panel of Signal Generator to the
spectrum analyzer front panel RF INPUT.
2. Set the center frequency to 30 ㎒ and the span to 50 ㎒ by pressing FREQ, 30 ㎒,
SPAN, 50 ㎒.
3. Set the reference level to 10 dBm by pressing AMPL, 10dBm.
The 10 ㎒ reference signal and its harmonics appear on the display.
4. Press PEAK to place a marker at the highest peak on the display. (The NPeakRight
and NPeakLeft softkeys are available to move the marker from peak to peak.) The
marker should be on the 10 ㎒ reference signal. See Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1. Placing a Marker on the 10 ㎒ Signal

2-2
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

5. Press MKR, Delta, to activate a second marker at the position of the first marker.
Move the second marker to another signal peak using the knob, or by pressing
Search and NPeakRight or NPeakLeft.
6. The amplitude and frequency difference between the markers is displayed in the
active function block and in the upper right corner of the screen.
Press OFF to turn the markers off.

Figure 2-2. Using the Marker Delta Function

2-3
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude

Two equal-amplitude input signals that are close in frequency can appear as one on the
analyzer display. Responding to a single-frequency signal, a swept-tuned analyzer traces
out the shape of the selected internal IF (intermediate frequency) filter. As you change
the filter bandwidth, you change the width of the displayed response. If a wide filter is
used and two equal-amplitude input signals are close enough in frequency, then the two
signals appear as one. Thus, signal resolution is determined by the IF filters inside the
analyzer.

The bandwidth of the IF filter tells us how close together equal amplitude signals can be
and still be distinguished from each other. The resolution bandwidth function selects an IF
filter setting for a measurement. Resolution bandwidth is defined as the 3 dB bandwidth
of the filter.

Generally, to resolve two signals of equal amplitude, the resolution bandwidth must be
less than or equal to the frequency separation of the two signals. If the bandwidth is
equal to the separation and the video bandwidth is less than the resolution bandwidth, a
dip of approximately 3 dB is seen between the peaks of the two equal signals, and it is
clear that more than one signal is present. See Figure 2-4.

In order to keep the analyzer measurement calibrated, sweep time is automatically set to
a value that is inversely proportional to the square of the resolution bandwidth (for
resolution bandwidths ≥ 1 ㎑). So, if the resolution bandwidth is reduced by a factor of
10, the sweep time is increased by a factor of 100 when sweep time and bandwidth
2
settings are coupled. (Sweep time is proportional to 1/BW .) For shortest measurement
times, use the widest resolution bandwidth that still permits discrimination of all desired
signals. The analyzer allows you to select from 1 ㎑ to 3 ㎒ resolution bandwidths in a 1,
3, 10 sequence for maximum measurement flexibility.

Option Digital RBW adds narrower resolution bandwidths, from 10 ㎐ to 300 ㎐, in a 1-3-
10 sequence. These bandwidths are digitally implemented and have a much narrower
shape factor than the wider, analog resolution bandwidths. Also, the auto coupled sweep
times when using the digital resolution bandwidths are much faster than analog bandwidths.

2-4
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Example : Selection RBW

Resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a frequency separation of 100 ㎑.

1. Connect two sources to the analyzer RF INPUT as shown in Figure 2-3.

10 MHz
REF_EXT

SOURCE SOURCE

INPUT
COMBINER

Figure 2-3. Setup for Obtaining Two Signals

2. Set one source to 300 ㎒. Set the frequency of the other source to 300.1 ㎒. The
amplitude of both signals should be approximately –10 dBm.

3. On the analyzer, Press PRESET, Preset. Set the center frequency to 300 ㎒, the
span to 2 ㎒, and the resolution bandwidth to 300 ㎑ by setting FREQ, 300 ㎒, SPAN,
2 ㎒, then CPL, RBW AUTO MNL[MNL], RBW, 300 ㎑. A single signal peak is visible.

NOTE : If the signal peak cannot be found, increase the span to 20 ㎒ by

pressing SPAN, 20 ㎒. The signal should be visible. Press PEAK,
MKR>, Mkr>CF, then SPAN, 2 ㎒ to bring the signal to center
screen.

4. Since the resolution bandwidth must be less than or equal to the frequency
separation of the two signals, a resolution bandwidth of 100 ㎑ must be used.

2-5
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Change the resolution bandwidth to 100 ㎑ by setting RBW, 100 ㎑. Two signals are
now visible as shown in Figure 2-4. Use the knob or step keys to further reduce
the resolution bandwidth and better resolve the signals.

Figure 2-4. Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude

5. Decrease the video bandwidth to 10 ㎑, by pressing CPL, VBW AUTO MNL(MNL),

VBW 10 ㎑. As the resolution bandwidth is decreased, resolution of the individual
signals is improved and the sweep time is increased. For fastest measurement times,
use the widest possible resolution bandwidth. Under couple conditions, the resolution
bandwidth is “coupled” (or linked) to the span.

Since the resolution bandwidth has been changed from the coupled value, a * mark
appears next to RBW in the lower-left corner of the screen, indication that the
resolution bandwidth is uncoupled. ( Ref. All Auto Function 5-37 )

To resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a frequency separation

NOTE : of 200 ㎑, the resolution bandwidth must be less than the signal
separation, and resolution of 100 ㎑ must be used. The next larger
filter, 300 ㎑, would exceed the 200 ㎑ separation and would not
resolve the signals.

2-6
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals

When dealing with the resolution of signals that are close together and not equal in
amplitude, you must consider the shape of the IF filter of the analyzer, as well as its
3dB bandwidth. (See “Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude” on page 2-5 example for
more information.) The shape of a filter is defined by the selectivity, which is the ratio of
the 60 dB bandwidth to the 3 dB bandwidth. If a small signal is too close to a larger
signal, the smaller signal can be hidden by the skirt of the larger signal. To view the
smaller signal, you must select a resolution bandwidth such that k is less than a. See
Figure 2-5.

k
k<a

Figure 2-5. Resolution Bandwidth Requirements for Resolving Small Signals

The separation between the two signals (a) must be greater than half the filter width of
the larger signal (k) measured at the amplitude level of the smaller signal.

2-7
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Example : Selection RBW

Resolve two input signals with a frequency separation of 200 ㎑ and different amplitude.

1. To obtain two signals with a 200 ㎑ separation, connect the equipment as shown in
the previous section, “Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude” on page 2-5. Set one
source to 300 ㎒ at –10 dBm.

2. Set the analyzer center frequency to 300 ㎒ and the span to 1 ㎒ : press FREQ,
300 ㎒, then SPAN, 1 ㎒.

NOTE : If the signal peak cannot be fund, increase the span to 10 ㎒ by

pressing SPAN, 10 ㎒. The signal should be visible. Press PEAK,
MKR> , Mkr>CF to bring the signal to center screen, then SPAN, 1 ㎒.

3. Set the second source to 300.200 ㎒, so that the signal is 200 ㎑ higher than the
first signal. Set the amplitude of the signal to –70 dBm (60 dB below the first
signal).

Figure 2-6. Signal Resolution with a 10 ㎑ Resolution Bandwidth

2-8
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

4. Set the 300 ㎒ signal to the reference level by pressing PEAK, then MKR>,
MKR>Ref.
If a 10 ㎑ filter with a typical shape factor 15:1 is used, the filter will have a
bandwidth of 150 ㎑ at the 60dB point, the half-bandwidth (75 ㎑) is narrower than
the frequency separation, so the input signals will be resolved. See Figure 2-6.

5. Place a marker on the smaller signal by pressing MKR, Delta, PEAK, NPeakRight. If a
30 ㎑ filter is used, the 60 dB bandwidth could be as wide as 450 ㎑. Since then
half-bandwidth (225 ㎑) is wider than the frequency separation(200 ㎑), the signals
most likely will not be resolved. See Figure 2-7. (In this example, we used the 60
dB bandwidth value. To determine resolution capability for intermediate values of
amplitude level differences, assume the filter skirts between the 3 dB and 60 dB
points are approximately straight.)

Figure 2-7. Signal Resolution with a 30 ㎑ Resolution Bandwidth

2-9
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Making Better Frequency Measurements

A built-in frequency counter increases the resolution and accuracy of the frequency
readout.

Example : Marker counter function

Increase the resolution and accuracy of the frequency readout on the signal of interest.

1. Turn on the internal 40 ㎒ calibration signal of the analyzer (if you have not already
done so). Press PRESET, Cal. signal [ON].
2. Set the center frequency to 40 ㎒ by pressing FREQ , 40 ㎒.
3. Set the span to 10 ㎒ by pressing SPAN , 10 ㎒.
4. Press MKR , More.., Function.., Counter. The counted result appears in the upper-
right corner of the screen and also displays on maker table in the bottom screen.
Maker table can be off by pressing MKR , More.., MKR Table [ON] so that ON is
highlighted.
5. Move the marker on the peak of the signal, with pressing PEAK .

Marker count properly functions only on CW signals of discrete

NOTE :
spectral components and its level is more than –70 dBm.

6. Increase the counter resolution by pressing MKR, More.., Function.., Counter and then
setting the desired resolution using the step keys or the knob. The marker counter
readout is in the upper-right corner of the screen. The resolution can be set from
1 ㎐ to 1 ㎑ in decade step.
7. The marker counter remains on until turned off. Turn off the marker counter by
pressing MKR, More.., Function.., Off or OFF.

2-10
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Figure 2-8. Using Marker Counter

2-11
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Decreasing the Frequency Span Around the Signal

Using the analyzer signal tracking function, you can quickly decrease the span while
keeping the signal at center frequency. This is a fast way to take a closer look at the
area around the signal to identify signals that would otherwise not be resolved.

Example : Mkr Track function

Examine a signal in a 200 ㎑ span.

1. Turn on the internal Cal Signal 40 ㎒ calibration signal of the analyzer (if you have
not already done so). Press PRESET, Cal. signal [ON].
2. Set the stop frequency to 1 ㎓ by pressing FREQ, Stop, 1 ㎓.
3. Press PEAK to place a marker at the peak.
4. Press PEAK, Mkr Track [On] and the signal will move to the center of the screen, if
it is not already positioned there. (Note that the marker must be on the signal
before turning signal tracking on.) Because the signal tracking function automatically
maintains the signal at the center of the screen, you can reduce the span quickly
for a closer look. If the signal drifts off of the screen as you decrease the span,
use a wider frequency span.
5. Press SPAN, 200 ㎑. The span decreases in steps as automatic zoom is completed.
See Figure 2-9. You can also use the scroll knob or step keys to decrease the
span or use the Zoom function under SPAN.

Press PEAK Tracking [OFF] again (so that Off is highlighted) to turn off the signal
tracking function.

When you are finished with the example, turn off the signal tracking
NOTE :
function.

2-12
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Figure 2-9. After Zoom-In on the Signal

2-13
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Tracking Drifting Signals

The signal tracking function is useful for tracking drifting signals that drift relatively slowly.

PEAK, Mkr Track may be used to track these drifting signals. Use PEAK to place a
marker on the signal you wish to track. Pressing PEAK, Mkr Track [ON] will bring that
signal to the center frequency of the graticule and adjust the center frequency every
sweep to bring the selected signal back to the center.

Note that the primary function of the signal tracking function is to track unstable signals,
not to track a signal as the center frequency of the analyzer is changed. If you choose
to use the signal tracking function when changing center frequency, check to ensure that
the signal found by the tracking function is the correct signal.

Example 1 : Mkr Track function

Use the signal tracking function to keep a drifting signal at the center of the display and
monitor its change.

This example requires signal generator. The frequency of the signal generator will be
changed while you view the signal on the display of the analyzer.

1. Connect a signal generator to the analyzer RF INPUT. Press PRESET, Preset.

2. Set the signal generator frequency to 300 ㎒ with an amplitude of –20 dBm.
3. Set the center frequency of the analyzer to 300 ㎒ by pressing FREQ, 300 ㎒.
4. Press PEAK to move the marker to the peak of your signal.
5. Set the span to 10 ㎒ by pressing SPAN, 10 ㎒.
6. Press SPAN, 500 ㎑.
Notice that the signal has been held in the center of the display.
7. The signal frequency drift can be read from the screen if both the signal tracking
and marker delta functions are active. Press PEAK, Mkr Track [ON]. The marker
readout indicates the change in frequency and amplitude as the signal drifts.
8. Tune the frequency of the signal generator. Notice that the center frequency of the

2-14
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

analyzer changes in ＜ 10 ㎑ increments, centering the signal with each increment.

See Figure 2-10.

Figure 2-10. Using Signal Tracking to Track a Drifting Signal

Example 2 : Max Hold function

The analyzer can measure the short-and long-term stability of a source. The maximum
amplitude level and the frequency drift of an input signal trace and be displayed and held
by using the maximum-hold function. Yon can also use the maximum hold function if you
want to determine how much of the frequency spectrum a signal occupies.

1. Connect a signal generator to the analyzer RF INPUT. Press PRESET, Preset.

2. Set the signal generator frequency to 300 ㎒ with an amplitude of –20 dBm.
3. Set the center frequency of the analyzer to 300 ㎒ by pressing FREQ, 300 ㎒.
4. Press PEAK to move the marker to the peak of your signal.
5. Set the span to 10 ㎒ by pressing SPAN, 10 ㎒.
6. Press SPAN, 500 ㎑.
7. To measure the excursion of the signal, press TRACE then Max Hold. As the signal

2-15
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

varies, maximum hold maintains the maximum responses of the input signal.
Annotation on the left side of the screen indicates the trace mode(MAX HOLD) as
MA WB. (ref. Annotation 1-10)
8. Press Select [B] to select trace B. (Trace B is selected when All A change to B in
menu.) Press Clr & Wrt to place trace B in clear-write mode, which displays the
current measurement results as it sweeps. Trace A remains in maximum hold mode,
showing the frequency shift of the signal.

Slowly change the frequency of the signal generator ±50 ㎑. Your analyzer display
should look similar to Figure 2-11.

Figure 2-11. Viewing a Drifting Signal with Max Hold and Clear Write

2-16
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Measuring Low Level Signals

The ability of the analyzer to measure low level signals is limited by the noise generated
inside the analyzer. A signal may be masked by the noise floor so that it is not visible.
This sensitivity to low level signals is affected by the measurement setup.

The analyzer input attenuator and bandwidth setting affect the sensitivity by changing the
signal-to-noise ratio. The attenuator affects the level of a signal passing through the
instrument, whereas the bandwidth affects the level of internal noise without affecting the
signal. In the first two examples in this section, the attenuator and bandwidth settings
are adjusted to view low level signals.

If, after adjusting the attenuation and resolution bandwidth, a signal is still near the noise,
visibility can be improved by using the video bandwidth and video averaging functions, as
demonstrated in the third and fourth examples.

2-17
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Example 1 : Set input attenuation

If a signal is very close to the noise floor, reducing input attenuation brings the signal
out of the noise. Reducing the attenuation to 0 dB maximizes signal power in the
analyzer.

The total power of all input signals at the analyzer input must not
CAUTION
exceed the maximum power level for the analyzer.

1. Connect a signal generator to the analyzer RF INPUT. Press PRESET, Preset on the
analyzer.
2. Set the signal generator frequency to 300 ㎒ with an amplitude of –80 dBm.
3. Set the center frequency of the analyzer to 300 ㎒ by pressing FREQ, 300 ㎒.
4. Set the span to 5 ㎒ by pressing SPAN, 5 ㎒.
5. Set the reference level to –40dBm by pressing AMPL, Ref Level, -40 dBm.
6. Place the signal at center frequency by pressing PEAK, MKR>, Mkr>CF.
7. Reduce the span to 1 ㎒. Press SPAN, and then use the step-down key (▼). See
Figure 2-12.

Figure 2-12. Using 0 dB Attenuation

2-18
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

8. Press AMPL, Atten [MNL]. Press the step-up key (▲) to select 10 dB attenuation.
Increasing the attenuation moves the noise floor closer to the signal. See Fig 2-13.
A * mark appears next to the ATT annotation at the top of the display, indicating
the attenuation is no longer coupled to other analyzer setting.
9. To see the signal more clearly, enter 0 dB or Atten [AUTO]. Zero attenuation
makes the signal more visible.

Before connecting other signals to the analyzer input, increase the

CAUTION
RF attenuation to protect the analyzer input.

Figure 2-13. Low-Level Signal with 10dB Attenuation

2-19
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Example 2 : Selection RBW

The resolution bandwidth can be decreased to view low level signals.

1. As in the previous example, set the analyzer to view a low level signal. Connect a
signal generator to the analyzer RF INPUT. Press PRESET, Preset on the analyzer.
2. Set the signal generator frequency to 300 ㎒ with an amplitude of –80 dBm.
3. Set the center frequency of the analyzer to 300 ㎒ by pressing FREQ, 300 ㎒.
4. Set the span to 1 ㎒ by pressing SPAN, 1 ㎒.
5. Set the reference level to –40 dBm by pressing AMPL, Ref Level, -40 dBm.
6. Press CPL, RBW [MNL], RBW, and the step-down key (▼) to decrease RBW. The
low level signal appears more clearly because the noise level is reduced. See Figure
2-14.

Figure 2-14. Decreasing Resolution Bandwidth

A * mark appears next to the RBW annotation at the lower center of the screen,
indicating that the resolution bandwidth is uncoupled.

As the resolution bandwidth is reduced, the sweep time is increased to maintain

calibrated data.

2-20
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Example 3 : Selection VBW

Narrowing the video filter can be useful for noise measurements and observation of low
level signals close to the noise floor. The video filter is a post-detection low-pass filter
that smoothes the displayed trace. When signal responses near the noise level of the
analyzer are visually masked by the noise, the video filter can be narrowed to smooth
this noise and improve the visibility of the signal. (Reducing video bandwidths requires
slower sweep times to keep the analyzer calibrated.)

Using the video bandwidth function, measure the amplitude of a low level signal.

1. As in the previous example, set the analyzer to view a low level signal. Connect a
signal generator to the analyzer RF INPUT. Press PRESET, Preset on the analyzer.
2. Set the signal generator frequency to 300 ㎒ with an amplitude of –80 dBm.
3. Set the center frequency of the analyzer to 300 ㎒ by pressing FREQ, 300 ㎒.
4. Set the span to 1 ㎒ by pressing SPAN, 1 ㎒.
5. Set the reference level to –40dBm by pressing AMPL, Ref Level, -40dBm.
6. Set the video bandwidth to 100Hz by pressing CPL, VBW [MNL], VBW, and the
step-down key (▼). This clarifies the signal by smoothing the noise, which allows
better measurement of the signal amplitude.

Figure 2-15. Decreasing Video Bandwidth

2-21
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

A * mark appears next to the VBW annotation at the bottom of the screen, indicating
that the video bandwidth is not coupled to the resolution bandwidth. See Figure 2-15.

Instrument preset conditions couple the video bandwidth to the resolution bandwidth so
that the video bandwidth is equal to the resolution bandwidth. If the bandwidths are
uncoupled when video bandwidth is the active function, pressing VBW [AUTO] (so that
Auto is highlighted) recouples the bandwidths.

The video bandwidth must be set wider than the resolution

NOTE :
bandwidth when measuring impulse noise levels.

2-22
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Example 4 : Video average function

If a signal level is very close to the noise floor, video averaging is another way to make
the signal more visible.

NOTE : The time required to construct a full trace that is averaged to the
desired degree is approximately the same when using either the
video bandwidth or the video averaging technique. The video
bandwidth technique completes the averaging as a slow sweep is
taken, whereas the video averaging technique takes many sweeps to
complete the average. Characteristics of the signal being measured,
such as drift and duty cycle, determine which technique is
appropriate.

Video averaging is a digital process in which each trace point is averaged with the
previous trace-point average. Video averaging clarifies low-level signals in wide bandwidths
by averaging the signal and the noise.

1. As in the previous example, set the analyzer to view a low level signal. Connect a
signal generator to the analyzer RF INPUT. Press PRESET, Preset on the analyzer.
2. Set the signal generator frequency to 300 ㎒ with an amplitude of –80 dBm.
3. Set the center frequency of the analyzer to 300 ㎒ by pressing FREQ, 300 ㎒.
4. Set the span to 1 ㎒ by pressing SPAN, 1 ㎒.
5. Set the reference level to –40 dBm by pressing AMPL, Ref Level, -40 dBm.
6. Press TRACE, More.., Average.. then Average [ON]. When ON is highlighted, the
video averaging routine is initiated. As the averaging routine smoothes the trace, low
level signals be come more visible. Average Count [ 8 ] appears on the right-upper
screen. The number represents the number of samples (or sweeps) taken to
complete the averaging routine.
7. To set the number of samples, press Count and use the numbers keypad. For
example, press Average [ON] (so that ON is highlighted), 2, 5, ENTER. Reset will
initialize current average and start averaging.

During averaging, the current sample number appears in the right-upper screen. The
sampling will also restart if video averaging is turned off and then on again.

2-23
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Once the set number of sweeps has been completed, the analyzer continues to
provide a running average based on this set number.

Figure 2-16. Using the Video Averaging Function

2-24
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Identifying Distortion Products

Distortion from the Analyzer

High level input signals may cause analyzer distortion products that could mask the real
distortion measured on the input signal.

Example : Delta marker function

Using a signal from a signal generator, determine how many the harmonic distortion
products are generated by the analyzer. Fine distortion measurement is possible when
suppress the input signal’s distortion.

1. Connect a signal generator to the analyzer RF INPUT. Set the signal generator
frequency to 200 ㎒ and the amplitude to 0 dBm.
2. Set the center frequency of the analyzer to 400 ㎒ and the span to 500 ㎒ by
pressing FREQ, 400 ㎒, SPAN, 500 ㎒.

Figure 2-17. Harmonic Distortion

2-25
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

To measure the second harmonic distortion, press PEAK then the marker is located in
the highest signal, fundamental signal(200MHz). Press MKR, Delta, and 200MHz, then the
marker is located in the second harmonic signal. The signal shown in Figure 2-17
produces harmonic distortion products in the analyzer input mixer.

Notice that you must consider the harmonic distortion product, when measuring the high
level signal.

2-26
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion

Two-tone, third-order intermodulation distortion is a common test in communication

systems. When two signals are present in a non-linear system, they can interact and
create third-order intermodulation distortion products that are located close to the original
signals. These distortion products are generated by system components such as amplifiers
and mixers.

Example : Delta marker function

Test a device for third-order intermodulation. This example uses two sources, one set to
300 ㎒ and the other to approximately 301 ㎒. (Other source frequencies may be
substituted, but try to maintain a frequency separation of approximately 1 ㎒.)

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-18. Press PRESET, Preset.

10 MHz
REF_EXT

SOURCE#1 SOURCE#2

INPUT
COMBINER

Figure 2-18. Third-Order Intermodulation Equipment Setup

The combiner should have a high degree of isolation between the

NOTE :
two input ports so the sources do not intermodulate.

2-27
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

2. Set one source to 300 ㎒ and the other source to 301 ㎒, for a frequency
separation of 1 ㎒. Set the sources equal in amplitude (in this example, they are set
to –5 dBm).
3. Tune both signals onto the screen by setting the center frequency 300.5 ㎒. Then,
using the knob, center the two signals on the display. Reduce the frequency span to
5 ㎒. This is wide enough to include the distortion products on the screen. To be
sure the distortion products are resolved, reduce the resolution bandwidth until the
distortion products are visible.
4. Press CPL, RBW [MNL], RBW, and the used the step-down key (▼) to reduce the
resolution bandwidth until the distortion products are visible.
5. To measure a distortion product, press Marker to place a marker on a source signal.
To activate the second marker, press MKR, Delta. Using the knob, adjust the second
marker to the peak of the distortion product that is beside the test signal. The
difference between the markers is displayed in the upper-right screen.

To measure the other distortion product, press PEAK, NpeakLeft or NPeakRight. This
places a marker on the next highest peak, which, in this case, is the other source
signal. To measure the difference between this test signal and the second distortion
product, press MKR Delta and use the knob to adjust the second marker to the
peak of the second distortion product. See Figure 2-19.

Figure 2-19. Measuring the Distortion Product

2-28
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Making Noise Measurements

There are a variety of ways to measurement noise power. The first decision you must
make is whether you want to measure noise power at a specific frequency or the total
power over a specified frequency range, for example over a channel bandwidth.

Example 1 : MKR Noise function

Using the marker function, MKR Noise, is a simple method to make a measurement at a
single frequency. In this example, attention must be made to the potential errors due to
discrete signal (spectral components). This measurement will be made near the 40 ㎒
amplitude reference signal to illustrate the use of MKR Noise.

1. Turn on the internal 40 ㎒ calibration signal of the analyzer (if you have not already
done so). Press PRESET, Preset, Cal. signal [ON].
2. Tune the analyzer to the frequency of interest. In this example we are using the
reference signal. Press FREQ, 39.98 ㎒.
3. Set the span the 50 ㎑ by pressing SPAN, 50 ㎑.

Figure 2-20. Setting the input attenuator

2-29
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

4. Set the reference level to –20 dBm by pressing AMPL, Ref Level, -20 dBm. See
Figure 2-20. Note that if the signal is much higher than shown, adjust the input
attenuator. In this example the input attenuation was set to 30dB by pressing Atten.
[MNL], 30dB.
5. Activate the noise marker by pressing MKR, More.., Function.., MKR Noise.
Note that the display detection has changed to sample, the marker floats between
the maximum and the minimum of the noise. The marker readout is in dBm or dBm
per bandwidth. See Figure 2-21. For noise power in a different bandwidth, add 10×
log (BW). For example, for noise power in a 1 ㎑ bandwidth, add 10×log (1000) or
30dB to the noise marker value.

Figure 2-21. Activating the Noise Marker function

6. Video filtering can be introduced to reduce the variations of the sweep-to-sweep

marker value. Set the video filter by pressing CPL, VBW [MNL], VBW, 100 ㎐.

Notice that these variations are to be expected due to the nature of the signal. We
can reduce the variations by introducing video filtering. Since reducing the video
bandwidth filter impacts sweep time, it is recommended to limit the degree of
filtering.

2-30
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Example 2 : Video filtering/Average

The Normal marker can also be used to make a signal frequency measurement as
described in the previous example, again using video filtering or averaging to obtain a
reasonably stable measurement.
While video averaging automatically selects the sample display detection mode, video
filtering does not. With sufficient filtering that results in a smooth trace there is no
difference between the sample and peak modes because the filtering takes place before
the signal is digitized.

Be sure to account for the fact that the averaged noise is displayed approximately 2 dB
too low for a noise bandwidth equal to the resolution bandwidth. Therefore, you must add
2 dB to the marker reading. For example, if the marker indicates –100 dBm, the actual
noise level is –98 dBm.

2-31
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Example 3 : Channel power measurement

You may want to measure the total power of a noise-like signal that occupies some
bandwidth. For example, you may want to determine the power in a communications
channel. If the signal is noise and is flat across the band of interest, you can use the
noise marker as described in example 1 and add 10×log (channel BW). However, if you
are not certain of the characteristics of the signal, or if there are discrete spectral
components in the band of interest, we can use the Channel Power routine. In this
example, you will use the noise of the analyzer then add a discrete tone to see what
happens and assume a channel bandwidth of 50 ㎑. If desired, a specific signal may be
substituted.

1. Reset the analyzer by pressing PRESET, Preset.

2. Tune the analyzer to the frequency of 40 ㎒. In this example we are using the
amplitude reference signal. Press FREQ, 40 ㎒.
3. Set the span to 100 ㎑ by pressing SPAN, 1 ㎒.
4. Set the reference level to –30dBm by pressing AMPL, Ref Level, -30 dBm.
5. Set the input attenuation to 40dB by pressing AMPL, Atten [MNL], 40dB.
6. Set the analyzer to setup the channel-power measurement by pressing MEAS,
Channel Power...
7. Set the integration bandwidth to 500 ㎑ by pressing Integ BW, 500 ㎑.
8. Set the channel-power span to 100 ㎑ by pressing Ch PWR Span, 1 ㎒.

The display detection mode has been set to sample and the video
NOTE :
bandwidth has been set to be ten times wider than the resolution
bandwidth. This setting is important to prevent any averaging. You
can reduce the sweep-to-sweep variation in the power reading by
averaging over a number of sweeps.

9. Turn average number on by pressing Meas. Avg. [ON]. Add a discrete tone to see
the affects of the reading. Turn on the internal 40 ㎒ calibration signal of the
analyzer (if you have not already done so). Press PRESET, Cal. signal [ON].

The channel power reading is essentially equal to 40 ㎒ calibration signal. The total noise
power is far enough below that of the tone that the noise power contributes very little
to the total.

2-32
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Figure 2-22. Measuring Channel Power

The algorithm that computes the total power compensates for the fact that some of the
trace points on the response to the continuous wave tone may be at or very close to
the peak value of the tone and so yields the correct value whether the signal comprises
just noise, a tone, or both.

2-33
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Demodulating AM Signals

The zero span mode can be used to recover amplitude modulation on a carrier signal.
The analyzer operates as fixed-tuned receiver in zero span to provide time domain
measurements.

Center frequency in the swept-tuned mode becomes the tuned frequency in zero span.
The horizontal axis of the screen becomes calibrated in time only, rather than both
frequency and time. Markers display amplitude and time values.

The following functions establish a clear display of the waveform:

Trigger stabilizes the waveform trace on the display by triggering on the modulation
envelope. If the modulation of the signal is stable, video trigger synchronizes the
sweep with the demodulated waveform.
Linear mode should be used in amplitude modulation (AM) measurements to avoid
distortion caused by the logarithmic amplifier when demodulation signals.
Sweep time adjusts the full sweep time from 20 ㎳ to 1000 s (from 25 ㎲ to 15 s
in zero span). The sweep time readout refers to the full 10-division graticule.
Divide this value by 10 to determine sweep time per division.
Resolution and video bandwidth are selected according to the signal bandwidth.

Each of the coupled function values remains at its current value when zero span is
activated. Video bandwidth is coupled to resolution bandwidth. Sweep time is not coupled
to any other function.

2-34
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Example : AM Demod. Function

View the modulation waveform of an AM signal in the time domain.

1. To obtain an AM signal, you can either connect a source to the analyzer input and
set the source for amplitude modulation, or connect an antenna to the analyzer
input and tune to a commercial AM broadcast station. This example uses a source.
(If you are using a commercial broadcast station as your signal, press AUX, AM
Demod. [ON] to turn on AM demodulation. Then press Audio Sound [ON], and the
analyzer will operate as a radio.)
2. Connect a signal generator output to the analyzer RF INPUT.
3. Set a source output frequency to 300 ㎒, AM rate to 400Hz, and AM depth to 50%.
4. Set the center frequency of the analyzer to 300 ㎒ by pressing FREQ, 300 ㎒.
5. To demodulate the AM, press AUX, AM Demod. [ON]. See Figure 2-23.

Figure 2-23. Measuring Modulation Using AM Demodulation Function.

Another method to demodulate AM signal is using zero span by repeating the step 1
to 4 and performing the following steps.

2-35
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

6. Set the span to 20 ㎒ by pressing SPAN, 20 ㎒.

7. Set the resolution bandwidth to 1 ㎒ by pressing CPL, RBW [MNL], RBW, 1 ㎒. See
Figure 2-24.

Figure 2-24. Viewing an AM Signal

8. Increase the resolution bandwidth to include both sidebands of the signal within the
1 dB passband of the analyzer (about 2/3 of the 3 dB BW).
9. To select zero span, either press SPAN, 0 ㎐, or press SPAN, Zero Span.
10. Next, position the signal peak near the reference level and select a linear voltage
display. Press AMPL, Linear, Ref Level, then adjust the reference level.
11. Adjust the sweep time to change the horizontal scale by pressing CPL, Swp Time
[MNL], Swp Time, 10 ㎳. See Figure 2-25.

If the modulation is a steady tone, for example from a signal generator, use video
trigger to trigger on the waveform and stabilize the display. (If you are viewing an
off-the-air signal you will not be able to stabilize the waveform.)

2-36
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

Figure 2-25. Measuring Modulation in Zero Span.

Use markers and delta markers to measure the time parameters of the waveform.

2-37
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Demodulating FM Signals

As with amplitude modulation you can utilize zero span to demodulate a FM signal.
However, unlike the AM case, you cannot simply tune to the carrier frequency and widen
the resolution bandwidth. The reason is that the envelope detector in the analyzer
responds only to amplitude variations, and there is no change in amplitude if the
frequency changes of the FM signal are limited to the flat part of the resolution
bandwidth.

You can demodulate FM signals by using the FM demodulation function.

On the other hand, if you tune the analyzer slightly away from the carrier, you can utilize
slope detection to demodulate the signal by performing the following steps.

1. Determine the correct resolution bandwidth.

2. Fine the center of the linear portion of the filter skirt (either side).
3. Tune the analyzer to put the center point at mid screen of the display.
4. Select zero span.

The demodulated signal is now displayed; the frequency changes have been translated
into amplitude changes. See the following figure. To listen to the signal, turn on AM
demodulation and the speaker.

In this example you will demodulate a broadcast FM signal that has a specified 75 ㎑ peak
deviation.

Example : Delta marker function

Determine the correct resolution bandwidth. With a peak deviation of 75 ㎑, your signal
has a peak-to-peak excursion of 150 ㎑. So we must find a resolution bandwidth filter
with a skirt that is reasonably linear over that frequency range.

1. Turn on the internal 40 ㎒ calibration signal of the analyzer (if you have not already

2-38
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

done so). Press PRESET, Preset, Cal signal [ON].

2. Tune the analyzer to the frequency 40 ㎒. In this example we are using the
amplitude reference signal. Press FREQ, 40 ㎒.
3. Set the span to 1 ㎒ by pressing SPAN, 1 ㎒.
4. Set the reference level to –30dBm by pressing AMPL, Ref Level, -30 dBm.
5. Set the resolution bandwidth to 100 ㎑ by pressing CPL, RBW [MNL], RBW, 100 ㎑.
The skirt is reasonably linear starting about half a division down from the peak.
6. Select a marker by pressing MKR, then move the marker approximately half a
division down the right of the peak (high frequency) using the front-panel knob.
7. Place a delta marker 150 ㎑ from the first marker by pressing Delta, 150 ㎑. The
skirt looks reasonably linear between markers.
8. Determine the offset from the signal peak to the desired point on the filter skirt by
moving the delta marker to the midpoint. Press 75 ㎑ to move the delta marker to
the midpoint. See Figure 2-26.

Figure 2-26. Determining the Offset

9. Press Delta to make the active marker the reference marker.

10. Press PEAK to move the delta marker to the peak. The delta value is the desired
offset, for example 130 ㎑.

2-39
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

Example : FM Demod. function

1. Connect a signal generator output to the analyzer RF INPUT.

2. Set a source frequency to 300 ㎒, amplitude to 0 dBm, FM deviation to 75 ㎑, and FM
rate to 1 ㎑.
3. Reset the analyzer by pressing PRESET, Preset.
4. Tune the analyzer to 300 ㎒ by pressing FREQ, 300 ㎒.

First, Demodulate the FM signal by using the FM demodulation function.

5. Demodulate the FM signal by pressing AUX, FM Demod. [ON].

6. To Listen the signal(1 ㎑), press Audio Sound [ON].
7. Adjust the sweep time by pressing CPL, Swp Time [MNL], Swp Time 10 ㎳.
See Figure 2-27.

Figure 2-27. Measuring Modulation Using FM Demodulation Function

Another method is using zero span by repeating the step 1 to 4 and performing the
following steps.

2-40
 2. MAKING BASE MEASUREMENTS

8. Tune above or below the FM signal by the offset noted above in step 10, in this
example 130 ㎑. press FREQ, CF Step [MNL], CF Step, 130 ㎑, Center then use the
step-up key (▲) or step-down key (▼).
9. Set the resolution bandwidth to 100 ㎑, then go to zero span by pressing CPL, RBW
[MNL], RBW, 100 ㎑, SPAN, and Zero Span.
10. Activate signal sweep by pressing TRIG, Single.
11. Listen to the demodulated signal through the speaker by pressing AUX, Audio Sound
[ON], FM Demod. [ON], Audio Level then adjust the volume using the front-panel knob
or the step-key.

그림 2-28. Measure the demodulation in Zero Span

2-41
2. MAKING BASIC MEASUREMENTS

<BLANK>

2-42 Rev.00 01/2005