Translations

- A transformation in which each point of a figure moves the samedirection

________ in the same ________. distance

congruent
- In a translation, the pre-image & image are ________.
same measurement.
- The corresponding angles have the ________

- The corresponding sides have the ______ measurement

Rule: 𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘)
same

Ex.1 Translating Points.

Pre-Image A(8,8) B(8,3) C(4,3)

Image 1310
A’(____,____) 13 5
B’(____,____) 95
C’(____,____)
(x + 5, y + 2)

In word, describe the translation.

S T2

Ex.2 Finding the Pre-image.

Pre-Image l
Q(____,____) l I
R(____,____) 2 z z
S(____,____)

Image 4 3
(x + 4, y + 3)
Q’(3,2) R’(3,1) S’(2,1)

Ex.3 Translating in the Coordinate Plane.

Translate the figure down 2 right 7.

51 2.57
Pre-Image A(___,___) B(___,___) 0 I
C(___,___)

P Image z 1
A’(___,___)
4.55
B’(___,___) 7 1
C’(___,___)

Write a rule for the transformation:

1 7,4 2
A

Graph the new image.

Ex.4 Translating points onto themselves.

Determine how to translate triangle A'B'C' to How is trapezoid ABCD translated to trapezoid

triangle ABC. A'B'C'D'?

9

x 2,4 1 5,4 8

GSE Geometry Unit 1 – Transformations 1.4 – Practice

Name: _______________________________ Block: __

Practice

1. Translate the image by (x + 4, y – 6) 2. Translate the image by (x – 1, y + 5)

A ( −2,4 ) → A'_________2 D (1,2 ) →

21
B ( 0, −8 ) → B'_________
0,7
D'_________

41 14 ( ) to
E −3, −5 → E'_________

C ( −3,5 ) → C'_________ F ( 4, −1) →

1 1 3,4
F'__________

3. Find the pre-image (x – 9, y + 13) 4. Find the pre-image (x + 7, y – 19)

9 D
14 42 5,37

G _________ → G' ( 5, −29 ) G _________ → G' ( 2,18 )

29 32→ H' ( 20, −19)

H _________ H _________ → H' (13,29)
6,48

30517 → I' ( 21, −4 )

I __________ I __________ → I' ( 24,37 )
17,56

5. Translate the image. 6. Translate the image.

u t

u s

GSE Geometry Unit 1 – Transformations 1.7 – Practice

7. Translate the image.

A 8. Translate the image.

It

Write a rule for the given translation.

9.
WHY 7 10.

1 2

3,4

11. 12.

xD x D x s Nz

Reflections

- A transformation in which each point of a figure is reflected in a line, called the line of reflection.

congruent
- In a reflection, the pre-image & image are ________.
- The corresponding angles have the ________ measurement.

hmm measurement.
- The corresponding sides have the ________

O
Ex.1 Reflecting across the x-axis. Rule: 𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦),

Pre-Image
o
A(-1, -3) B(-4,0) C(-1,5)

Image I 3
A’(____,____) 4 O
B’(____,____) lS
C’(____,____)

00
Ex.2 Reflecting across the y-axis. Rule: 𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦)

Pre-Image A(4,-6) B(2,1) C(4,0)

Image 4
A’(____,____) 6 21
B’(____,____)
4 O
C’(____,____)

Ex.3 Reflecting across y = x.

Pre-Image 51
A(___,___) 0 I
2.57 C(___,___)
B(___,___)

Image
1 5 B’(___,___)
A’(___,___)
1 0
7 2.5 C’(___,___)

yx
Rule: 𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (____, ____)

ry x xx f y x
Graph the new image.

Ex.4 Reflecting in the Coordinate Plane.

00
Reflect across y = 1 Reflect across x = 2

Pre- A(__,__) B(__,__) C(__,__) Pre- A(__,__) B(__,__) C(__,__)

Image Image

Image A’(__,__) B’(__,__) C’(__,__) Image A’(__,__) B’(__,__) C’(__,__)

GSE Geometry Unit 1: Transformations 1.5 Practice

Name: __________________________________________ Block: __

Reflections Practice

Reflection across the x-axis: Reflection across the y-axis

(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦) (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦)

Reflection across y = x: Reflection across y = -x:

(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥) (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑦, −𝑥)

Find the coordinates of the vertices of each figure after the given transformation.

1. Reflection across the x-axis. 2. Reflect across the y-axis.

R ( −2,2 ) → H (1, −3 ) →

J ( −1,4 ) →
21 2
Z (1,2 ) →
11 3

1 1 42

G ( 3,4 ) → W ( 4,1) →

3 4 till

3. Reflect across y = x. 4. Reflect across y = -x.

E ( −4, −2 ) →
21 4 N ( −4,2 ) →
2,4
N ( −1,0 ) → 1 L ( −1,3 ) →

A (1, −3 ) →
o
R ( −1,2 ) →
3,1

3,1 2,1

5. Reflect across the y-axis, then a 6. Reflect across the y-axis.

reflection across the x-axis

J ( −3,1) →

C ( 0,0 ) → o o cool L ( −1,3 ) →

A (1,4 ) →

T ( 2,4 ) →
14 44 B ( 0,1) →
on
158358
M ( −2, −4 ) →

H ( 4,0 ) → cz.tl

7. Reflect the image across 𝑦 = 𝑥. 8. Reflect the image across the x-axis

C 44

4 1

s s

NY W

9. Reflect the image across the y-axis.

10. Reflect the image across 𝑦 = −1

11. Reflect the image across the 𝑥 = −1. 12. Reflect the image across 𝑦 = 2

Rotations

- A transformation in which the figure is turned through a given angle, called the angle of rotation, and

in a given direction about a fixed point, called the point of rotation.

congruent
- In a rotation, the pre-image & image are ________.

same
- The corresponding angles have the ________ measurement.
- The corresponding sides have the ________ measurement.

same

Ex.1 Look at the graph below. Record the coordinate pairs for the pre-image. Using the pre-image

points, create three new rotated images.

o o

Pre-Image z 6
A(____,____) 2
B(____,____)
I 6 I
C(____,____)

90𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 62

A’(____,____) I 2
B’(____,____) 1 6
C’(____,____)

180𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 2 6

A’’(____,____) 2 1
B’’(____,____) 6 1
C’’(____,____)

270𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 6 2

A’’’(____,____) I 2
B’’’(____,____) 1 6
C’’’(____,____)

360𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 2 6

A’’’(____,____) 21
B’’’’(____,____) 6 I
C’’’’(____,____)

Counterclockwise Rotation Rules

x
𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___)
x
𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___)
y y X
𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___)
Xy
𝑅360𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___)

Clockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___)

X
𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___)
Xy
𝑅360𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___)

Geometry Unit 1 – Transformations 1.6 – Rotations Practice

Name: __________________________________________________________ Block: ___________________________

Rotations Practice

𝟗𝟎𝒐 CCW Rotation about the 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝒐 CCW Rotation about the 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟎 CCW Rotation about the

origin: origin: origin:

O
𝑅90 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) 𝑅180 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, −𝑦)

1. Rotate the preimage about the origin 270 degrees CW.

𝑅270 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥)

2. Rotate the preimage about the origin 90 degrees CW.

64 2
A(-2,4) → A’ __________ 2
D(1,2) → D’ __________ 1

8,0
B(0,-8) → B’ __________
1 5,3
E(-3,-5) → E’ __________

5 3
C(-3,5) → C’ __________
4 4
F(4,-1) → F’ __________

Rotate each figure about the origin using the given clockwise angle.

3. 270° 4. 180°

2 2 2,2

2 2

62 2

8,21

81 2

61 4 6,8

4 6 6 8

5. Rotate the preimage about the origin 180 degrees CCW. 6. Rotate the preimage about the origin 270 degrees CCW.

1 5,29
G(5,-29) → G’ __________ 181 2
G(2,18) → G’ __________

20,19
H(20,-19) → H’ __________ 29 13
H(13,29) → H’ __________

21,4
I(21,-4) → I’ __________ 37 24
I(24,37) → I’ __________

Rotate each figure about the origin using the given counterclockwise angle.

7. 180° 8. 90°

2,8

10,6

6,8

CIF

44

Geometry Unit 1 – Transformations 1.6 – Rotations Practice

Rotations about a point.

9. 90° clockwise about the point (2,0) 10. 90° counterclockwise about the point (6,0)

Write a rule that describe each transformation.

11. 12.

13. 14.

Dilations

- In a dilation, we are enlarging and reducing the pre-image

- Dilations are not isometric.

similar
- In a dilation, the pre-image & image are ________.
- The corresponding angles have the ________ measurement.

- The corresponding sides are propositional

________.

- The scale factor, represented by k, is what we multiply our points by.

Rule: 𝐷𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦)

Ex.1 Dilating Points.

Pre-Image A(-2,4) B(-3,2) C(0,0)

Image 1020
A’(____,____) 15 10
B’(____,____) O O
C’(____,____)

K=5

OK

Is the dilation a reduction, enlargement, or the same? Why?

Ex.2 Dilating Points.

Pre-Image Q(1,-2) R(-2,-4) S(4,-3)

Image S
Q’(____,____) l I
R’(____,____) 2 2 1.5
S’(____,____)

K= ½

Is the dilation a reduction, enlargement, or the same? Why?

Khl
Ex.3 Determine the scale factor used in the figures below.

Gi car

lil

33

GSE Geometry Unit 1 - Transformations 1.7 Practice

Name: ________________________________________________ Block: ________________

Dilations

• In a dilation, we are just __________________ the image.

o Dilations are NOT isometric.

o When we dilate an image, the side lengths change, the angles do not.

o This is the one transformation where the pre- image and image are similar, but not

congruent.

Scale Factor:

• We use “k” to represent scale factor.

• We multiply by k to find the image.

1. Determine if the scale factor represents a reduction, enlargement, or congruence.

a. k = 1/3 b. k = 2.5 c. k = 50% d. k = 200%

R E E

2. Dilate the image by k=2. 3. Dilate the image by k= ½.

A 2,4 48
A'_________ D 1,2
S1
D'_________

B 0, 8 O 16
B'_________ E 3, 5
1.52.5
E'_________

C 3,5
1 6,10
C'_________ F 4, 1 F'__________5
21

4. Dilate the image by k=2. 5. Dilate the image by k= 0.5

4,4 214,5

8181 212,25

Beto
I

y B
2101

0,2

Coil

KL 1,5

5,25

GSE Geometry Unit 1 - Transformations 1.7 Practice

6. Dilate the image by k = 1 7. Dilate the image by k = 2.5

Y Op

L X
T o s

K Z

Find the scale factor of the dilation.

8. 9.

N
0,4 A

D A'

JN' o B'1 K'

D' G'

C C' N'

2.0
414

K I KE

10. From A(-1, 0.5), B(-1, 1), C(1.5,0) 11. From L(8, 8), M(-12, 0), N(-4, -4), P(8, 4)

to to

A'(-3, 1.5), B'(-3, 3), C'(4.5, 0)

L'(2, 2), M'(-3, 0), N'(-1, -1), P'(2, 1)

K 3 I

Geometry - Sequences of Transformations Name: _____________________________ Block: ___

1) Translate QRS if Q(4,1), R(1,-2), S(2,3) 2)Reflect Q’R’S’ if Q’(1,-3), R’(-2,-6),

by the rule (x,y)→(x – 3, y – 4 ) and S’(-1,-1) over the x-axis.

I 3
Q’ (____,____) I 3
Q’’(___,___)
2 6
R’ (____,____) R’’(___,___)

S’ (____,____)
i I Y
S’’(___,___)

3) Rotate CAR if C(-1,-4), A(2,3), R(-3,-2) 4) Reflect C’A’R’ if C’(1,4), A’(-2,-3),

180o about the origin. and R’(3,2) over the line y = x

I 4
C’(___,___) 4 I
C’’(___,___)
A’(___,___) A’’(___,___)

33
R’(___,___) 23
R’’(___,___)

5) Translate ALT if A(-5,-1), L(-3,-2), T(-3,2) 6) Reflect TAB if T(2,3), A(1,1),

by the rule (x,y)→(x +6, y – 3 ), then reflect the and B(4,-3) over the x-axis, then reflect

O
image over the y-axis the image over the y-axis

1 4
A’ (____,____) T’(___,___)

3
3 5
L’ (____,____)
T’ (____,____)
I
37
A’(___,___)
4 3
B’(___,___)

I 4
A’’(____,___) T’’(___,___)

L’’(____,___)
T’’(____,___) I Ii
A’’(___,___)
B’’(___,___)

7) Rotate ALT if A(-5,-1), L(-3,-2), T(-3,2) 8) Reflect TAB if T(2,3), A(1,1),

180o counter clockwise about the point AHH

(-1,-1), then reflect
O
and B(4,-3) over the line y = 2, then translate

D
the image over the line x = 1
5 I
A’ (____,____)
the image by the rule (x,y)→(x – 5, y – 4)
B I
T’(___,___)
2

3 2
L’ (____,____) 13
A’(___,___)

T’ (____,____)
2 B’(___,___)
47
3 PA

A
t t
3 1
A’’(____,___)
T
T’’(___,___)
A
If

A 1 2
L’’(____,___) T A’’(___,___)

I 2
T’’(____,___)
A B’’(___,___)

j T B

9) Translate ALT if A(-5,-1), L(-3,-2), T(-3,2) 10) Reflect ALT if A(-5,-1), L(-3,-2), T(-3,2)
by the rule (x,y)→(x + 3, y + 2), then reflect over the y-axis, then translate the image by

the image over the y-axis the rule (x,y)→(x + 3, y + 2),

2 I
A’ (____,____) 5 1
A’(___,___)

L’ (____,____)
0 0 3 2
L’(___,___)
0 4
T’ (____,____) 32
T’(___,___)

2 I
A’’(____,___) A’’(___,___)

L’’(____,___) L’’(___,___)

8
T’’(____,___) T’’(___,___)

ooo
11) Rotate TAB if T(2,3), A(1,1), B(4,-3)
90o counter clockwise about the origin, then reflect the
12) Reflect TAB if T(2,3), A(1,1),
and B(4,-3) over the x-axis, then rotate

image over the line x-axis. the image 90o counter clockwise about the origin,

3 2
T’ (____,____) 2 3
T’(___,___)

I I
A’ (____,____)
B’ (____,____)
l l
A’(___,___)
B’(___,___)

3 4 43

3 2
T’’(____,___) e
32
T’’(___,___)
A’’(____,___) A’’(___,___)

3 4
B’’(____,___) sd
B’’(___,___)

 Symmetry
Rotational Symmetry - a shape has Rotational Symmetry when it still looks the same after

M
some rotation (of less than one full turn).

M 1 Fto
72,144 216 1208,360
72 39
1204
4
Line Symmetry – is a line separating a figure into two halves that are mirror images.
Triangles
- Folding Test: when the folded part sits perfectly on top, then the fold line is a line of symmetry

Scalene – All of the sides are Isosceles – two of the sides are Equilateral – all sides are equal
different lengths. equal.

one

zero yth.ee
Quadrilaterals - a shape with 4 sides

Zero zero

je
zero

att two
one two four
GSE Geometry Unit 1 - Transformations
Name: _________________________________ Block: _____
Vocabulary: Translations, Dilations, Reflections, Rotations, and Isometry.
1) Translate the following points by 2) Translation: (x, y) → (x – 2, y – 6) 3) Reflection over y = x
the rule: ( x,y ) → ( x +1,y - 4 ) 661 2
I W(3, 2) C(2, 4) T(3, 5) Z(5,2)
21 1
É
S (-5, 2)→

0081s
Y (-4, 5)→
R (-1, 1)→
it actin
014
A (-4, -2)→ L 21 7
34
xx CHA
4) Reflection over y = -3 5) Rotate the figure 90° CW EL Y S
6) Rotate the figure 90° CCW
w 2,1 EST
tail
Xist DEBT
É'd
is

egg
xx Cy 4 xx y 4413
7) Find the coordinates of the new 8) Find the coordinates of the new 9) Draw a dilation with k = 2
vertices of the image that has been vertices of the image that has been
dilated by a factor of 5. dilated by a factor of 1/2.
All l
25,10 212
4
S(-5, 2)→ W(3, 2)→
Y (-4, 5)→
R (-1, 1)→
620,25 C(2, 4)→
T (3, 5)→
2 Be 1

A (-4, -2)→ Z (5, 2)→

dis
4,0
10) Determine the scale factor, k = __ 11) Given the points 12) Given the points
M (-3, 1) S (5, -2) K (0, -4) P (-6, -3) R (1, 2)

Translate: (x – 3, y + 2) Reflect: over the x-axis

Reflect: y = x Rotate: 270 CCW
K’ →
0,4
K’’ →
4,0
af M’ →
M’’ →
3 6
63
P’ →
66,3 P’’ →
3 6
S’ → 210
S’’ → R’ → 1 2 R’’ → 2,171
op
xx ly x
GSE Geometry Unit 1 - Transformations

How many lines of symmetry do the following figures have?

if IT infinite

7 8 9 10

What is the smallest angle of rotation for the figures?

367 90
36,1 120

120,240,360 90,110,2101360
I 368 60
380 72
4
72 60
 Transformation Rules Transformation Rules

𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘) 𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘)

𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦) 𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦)
𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥) 𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥)
𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦) 𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦)

Counterclockwise Rotation Rules Counterclockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥)

Clockwise Rotation Rules Clockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥)

Transformation Rules Transformation Rules

𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘) 𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘)

𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦) 𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦)
𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥) 𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥)
𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦) 𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦)

Counterclockwise Rotation Rules Counterclockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥)

Clockwise Rotation Rules Clockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥)

Transformation Rules Transformation Rules

𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘) 𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘)

𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦) 𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦)
𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥) 𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥)
𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦) 𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦)

Counterclockwise Rotation Rules Counterclockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥)

Clockwise Rotation Rules Clockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥)