Greek Innovations: History of Architecture 01

GREEK
INNOVATIONS
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 01
Gutierrez, Lustre, Navarro, Novela, Peña,
Perez, & Remoto
Greek architecture pertains to the
architecture Greek mainland and the
Peloponnese, the islands of the Aegean
Sea, the Greek colonies in Ionia, and
Magna Graecia.
Ancient history includes recorded
Greek history beginning in about 776
BCE (First Olympiad). This coincides
roughly with the traditional date of the
founding of Rome in 753 BCE and the
beginning of the history of Rome.
Greek architecture influenced Roman
architecture and architects in extensive
ways, in such a way that Roman Imperial
architecture adopts and apply various
Greek elements.
The ancient Greeks are usually known with
building a foundation for all Western
cultures, and this renowned reputation
derives from their remarkable contributions
to a wide range of human activities,
including sports, medicine, architecture, and
democracy.
GREEK COLUMNS & STADIUMS
DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN

The Greeks used these architectural orders primarily for their temples, many of
which are still standing today despite earthquake, fire, and cannon shots.
EXAMPLE
the Parthenon, completed in 432 BCE,
is the biggest and most famous
example. The fullest, and most famous,
expression of Classical Greek temple
architecture is the Periclean Parthenon
of Athens—a Doric order structure, the
Parthenon represents the maturity of
the Greek classical form.
GREEK TEMPLES
Greek temples are often categorized in
terms of their ground plan and the way
in which the columns are arranged.
PROSTYLE TEMPLE - a temple that has

columns only at the front, while an
amphiprostyle temple has columns at the
front and the rear.
GREEK TEMPLES
PERIPTERAL TEMPLE - a temple that have a single
line of columns arranged all around the exterior
of the temple building.
DIPTERAL TEMPLE - simply have a double row of

columns surrounding the building.
THOLOS TEMPLE - a temple with a circular

ground plan; famous examples are attested at
the sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi and the
sanctuary of Asclepius at Epidauros.
COLONNADE STOA
LOCATION:STOA OF ATTALOS IN ATHENS, GREECE
The colonnade stoa to protect walkers from the
elements
Early examples often employing the Doric

order, were usually composed of a single level,
although later examples (Hellenistic and
Roman) came to be two-story freestanding
structures. These later examples allowed interior
space for shops or other rooms and often
incorporated the Ionic order for interior
colonnades.
THEATRON
LOCATION: THEATER OF DIONYSUS IN ATHENS, GREECE
➔ the semi-circular theatre with rising rows

of seat
➔ The Greek theater inspired the Roman
version of the theater directly, as is
evident in the Theater of Dionysus on the
slopes of the Athenian Acropolis.
GYMNASIUM WITH
BATHS & TRAINING
FIELDS
LOCATION: CYRENE, LIBYA
STADIUM FOR SPORTS
LOCATION: PANATHENAIC STADIUM IN ATHENS, GREECE
GREEK SCULPTURE
LAOCOON AND HIS SONS
Greek sculpture and art, in general,
began a preoccupation with
proportion, poise, and the idealised
perfection of the human body that
was continued by the Romans and
would go on to influence
Renaissance art and many sculptors
thereafter.
ENGINEERING & MECHANICAL
DEVICES
LOCATION: TUNNEL OF EUPALINOS OR
EUPALINIAN IN SAMOS, GREECE
the Greeks did have their own
mechanical devices which allowed
them to move massive chunks of
marble using the block and tackle,
winch, and crane for their huge
temples and city walls.
ENGINEERING & MECHANICAL
DEVICES
LOCATION: TUNNEL OF EUPALINOS OR
EUPALINIAN IN SAMOS, GREECE
They created tunnels in mountains such as

the one-kilometre tunnel in Samos
Aqueducts (transported water from one

place to another) was another area the
Greeks were not lacking in imagination and
design, and so they shifted water to where
it was most needed.
HANDY GREEKS DEVICES INCLUDED
THE 3RD-CENTURY BCE THE FLAMETHROWER WITH A
HYDRAULIC ORGAN OF BELLOWS AT ONE END AND A
PORTABLE SUNDIAL OF KTESIBIOS CAULDRON OF FLAMMABLE
PARMENION MADE FROM RINGS LIQUID
(C. 400-330 BCE) which the Boeotians used to which the Boeotians used to
such good effect in the such good effect in the
Peloponnesian War. Peloponnesian War.
RESOURCES
https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1165/ancient-greek-inventions/
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/i
ntroduction-to-greek-architecture

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GREEK

DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN

PROSTYLE TEMPLE - a temple that has

DIPTERAL TEMPLE - simply have a double row of

THOLOS TEMPLE - a temple with a circular

Early examples often employing the Doric

➔ the semi-circular theatre with rising rows

They created tunnels in mountains such as

Aqueducts (transported water from one

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