Solution:: 9-5 Trigonometry

9-5
Trigonometry
Find sin L, cos L, tan L, sin M, cos M, and tan M. Express each ratio as a fraction and as a decimal to the
nearest hundredth.
1. ℓ = 15, m = 36, n = 39
SOLUTION:
sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L = ;
sin M = ; cos M = ; tan M =
ANSWER:
sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L = ; sin M = ; cos M = ; tan M
=
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9-5 Trigonometry
2. ℓ = 12, m = 12 , n =24
SOLUTION:
sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L =
sin M = ; cos M = ; tan M =
ANSWER:
sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L = ; sin M = ; cos M =
; tan M =

9-5 Trigonometry
3. Find sin R, cos R, tan R, sin S, cos S, and tan S. Express each ratio as a fraction and as a decimal to the nearest
hundredth.
SOLUTION:
sin R = ; cos R = ; tan R = ;
sin S = ; cos S = ; tan S =
ANSWER:
sin R = ; cos R = ; tan R = ; sin S = ; cos S = ; tan S =

9-5 Trigonometry
4. Find sin J, cos J, tan J, sin L, cos L, and tan L. Express each ratio as a fraction and as a decimal to the nearest
hundredth if necessary.
SOLUTION:
sin J = ; cos J = ; tan J = ;
sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L =
ANSWER:
sin J = ; cos J = ; tan J = ; sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L =

9-5 Trigonometry
Use a special right triangle to express each trigonometric ratio as a fraction and as a decimal to the
nearest hundredth if necessary.
5. sin 30°
SOLUTION:
Therefore, sin 30° = or 0.5.
ANSWER:
; 0.5
6. tan 45°
SOLUTION:
Therefore, tan 45° = 1.
ANSWER:
1

9-5 Trigonometry
7. cos 60°
SOLUTION:
Therefore, cos 60° = or 0.5.
ANSWER:
; 0.5
8. sin 60°
SOLUTION:
Therefore, sin 60° = and 0.87.
ANSWER:
; 0.87

9-5 Trigonometry
9. tan 30°
SOLUTION:
Therefore, tan 30° = ; 0.58.
ANSWER:
; 0.58
10. cos 45°
SOLUTION:
Therefore, cos 45° = ; 0.71.
ANSWER:
; 0.71

9-5 Trigonometry
Find the value of x. Round to the nearest hundredth.
11.
SOLUTION:
The acute angle given is 64°. The horizontal distance between the foot of the stairs and the top of the stairs is x, the
measure of the leg opposite the angle. The vertical distance between the foot of the stairs and the top of the stairs is
11, the leg adjacent to the angle. Because the length of the legs opposite and adjacent to a given angle are
involved, write an equation using the tangent ratio.
The vertical distance between the foot of the stairs and the top of the stairs is 22.55.
ANSWER:
22.55

9-5 Trigonometry
12.
SOLUTION:
The acute angle given is 29°. The horizontal distance between the girls hand and the kite is x, the measure of the
kite string that represents the hypotenuse is 29. Because the length of the leg adjacent to the angle and the
hypotenuse are involved, write an equation using the cosine ratio.
The horizontal distance between the girls hand and the kite is 25.36.
ANSWER:
25.36

9-5 Trigonometry
13.
SOLUTION:
The acute angle given is 41°. The horizontal distance between the foot of the slide and the ladder is x, the measure
of the leg adjacent to the angle. The the length of the slide is 32, the hypotenuse. Because the length of the leg
adjacent to a given angle and the hypotenuse are involved, write an equation using the cosine ratio.
The horizontal distance between the foot of the slide and the ladder is 24.15.
ANSWER:
24.15

9-5 Trigonometry
14. GEOLOGY Shan used a surveying tool to map a region of land for his science class. To determine the height of a
vertical rock formation, he measured the distance from the base of the formation to his position and the angle
between the ground and the line of sight to the top of the formation. The distance was 43 meters, and the angle
was 36°. What is the height of the formation to the nearest meter?
SOLUTION:
The acute angle given is 36°. The horizontal leg is 43, the measure of the leg adjacent to the angle. The vertical leg
is x, the leg opposite to the angle. Because the length of the legs opposite and adjacent to a given angle are
involved, write an equation using the tangent ratio.
The vertical leg is 31 m.
ANSWER:
31 m

9-5 Trigonometry
15. RAMPS A 60-foot ramp rises from the first floor to the second floor of a parking garage. The ramp makes a 15°
angle with the ground. How high above the first floor is the second floor? Express your answer to the nearest tenth
of a foot.
SOLUTION:
The acute angle given is 15°. The vertical distance between the first and second floor is x, the measure of the
hypotenuse is 60 ft. Because the length of the leg opposite to the angle and the hypotenuse are involved, write an
equation using the sine ratio.
The second floor is 15.5 ft above the first floor.
ANSWER:
15.5 ft

9-5 Trigonometry
Use a calculator to find m∠B to the nearest tenth.
16.
SOLUTION:
The measures given are those of the legs opposite and adjacent to ∠B, so write an equation using the tangent
ratio.
ANSWER:
60.3°

9-5 Trigonometry
17.
SOLUTION:
The measures given are those of the leg adjacent to ∠B and the hypotenuse, so write an equation using the cosine
ratio.
ANSWER:
33.6°

9-5 Trigonometry
18.
SOLUTION:
The measures given are those of the leg adjacent to ∠B and the hypotenuse, so write an equation using the cosine
ratio.
ANSWER:
79.7°

9-5 Trigonometry
Use a calculator to find m∠T to the nearest tenth.
19.
SOLUTION:
The measures given are those of the legs opposite and adjacent to ∠T, so write an equation using the tangent
ratio.
ANSWER:
35.5°

9-5 Trigonometry
20.
SOLUTION:
The measures given are those of the leg opposite to ∠T and the hypotenuse, so write an equation using the sine
ratio.
ANSWER:
22.9°

9-5 Trigonometry
21.
SOLUTION:
The measures given are those of the leg adjacent to ∠T and the hypotenuse, so write an equation using the cosine
ratio.
ANSWER:
67.0°
Solve each right triangle. Round side measures to the nearest tenth and angle measures to the nearest
degree.
22.
SOLUTION:
Use known angles to find m∠G.

9-5 Trigonometry
So, m∠G = 58°.
Use a tangent ratio to find HF.
So, HF = 17.6.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find GH.
So, GH = 20.8.
Therefore, HF = 17.6, GH = 20.8, and m∠G = 58°.
ANSWER:
HF = 17.6; GH = 20.8; m∠G = 58°
23.

9-5 Trigonometry
SOLUTION:
Use known angles to find m∠W.
So, m∠W = 33°.
Use a sine ratio to find WX.
So, WX = 15.1.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find XZ.
So, XZ = 9.8.
Therefore, WX = 15.1, XZ = 9.8, and m∠W = 33°.

9-5 Trigonometry
ANSWER:
WX = 15.1; XZ = 9.8; m∠W = 33°
24.
SOLUTION:
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find LK.
So, LK = 20.5.
Use a sine ratio to find ∠K.
So, ∠K = 21.
Use known angles to find m∠J.

9-5 Trigonometry
So, m∠J = 69°.
Therefore, LK = 20.5, m∠J = 69°, and m∠K = 21°.
ANSWER:
LK = 20.5; m∠J = 69° ; m∠K = 21°
25.
SOLUTION:
Use known angles to find m∠R.
So, m∠R = 58°.
Use a sine ratio to find RT.
So, RT = 3.7.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find ST.

9-5 Trigonometry
So, ST = 5.9.
Therefore, RT = 3.7, ST = 5.9, and m∠R = 58°.
ANSWER:
RT = 3.7; ST = 5.9; m∠R = 58°
26.
SOLUTION:
Use known angles to find m∠A.
So, m∠A = 65°.
Use a sine ratio to find AC.
So, AC = 5.1.

9-5 Trigonometry
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find BC.
So, BC = 10.9.
Therefore, AC = 5.1, BC = 10.9, and m∠A = 65°.
ANSWER:
BC = 10.9; AC = 5.1; m∠A = 65°

9-5 Trigonometry
27.
SOLUTION:
Use known angles to find m∠N.
So, m∠N = 45°.
Since ΔNMQ is a 45-45-90 right triangle, the legs have the same lenght. Therefore MQ = 18.
In a 45-45-90 right triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is the length of the leg times . Therefore NQ= 18
or 25.5.
So, MQ = 18, NQ = 25.5, and m∠N = 45°.
ANSWER:
NQ = 25.5; MQ = 18.0; m∠N = 45°

9-5 Trigonometry
Find each angle measure to the nearest tenth of a degree using the Distance Formula and an inverse
trigonometric ratio.
28. m∠K in right triangle JKL with vertices J(–2, –3), K(–7, –3), and L(–2, 4)
SOLUTION:
Use the distance formula to find the length of two sides.
Since we found the lengths of the sides adjacent to and opposite ∠K, use the inverse tangent ratio to find the
angle measure.
Therefore, m∠K = 54.5°.
ANSWER:
54.5°

9-5 Trigonometry
29. m∠Y in right triangle XYZ with vertices X(4, 1), Y(–6, 3), and Z(–2, 7)
SOLUTION:
Use the distance formula to find the length of two sides.
Since we found the lengths of the side opposite to ∠Y and the hypotenuse, use the inverse sine ratio to find the
angle measure.
Therefore, m∠Y = 56.3°.
ANSWER:
56.3°
REASONING Find the perimeter and area of each triangle. Round to the nearest hundredth.

9-5 Trigonometry
30.
SOLUTION:
Use a tangent ratio to find the missing leg length.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the hypotenuse.
The perimeter is the sum of the sides:
3.00 + 5 + 5.83 = 13.83

Area = = 7.51

So, perimeter is 13.83 in. and area is 7.51 in2.
ANSWER:
13.83 in.; 7.51 in2

9-5 Trigonometry
31.
SOLUTION:
Use a tangent ratio to find the missing leg length.
12 + 3.899 + 12.618 = 28.52

Area = =23.39

So, perimeter is 28.52 cm and area is 23.39 cm2.
ANSWER:
28.52 cm; 23.39 cm2

9-5 Trigonometry
32.
SOLUTION:
Use a sine ratio to find the missing leg length.
3.5 + 2.601 + 2.342 = 8.44

Area = =3.05

So, perimeter is 8.44 ft and area is 3.05 ft2.
ANSWER:
8.44 ft; 3.05 ft2

9-5 Trigonometry
33. NEIGHBORS Amy, Barry, and Chris live in the same neighborhood. Chris lives up the street and around the
corner from Amy, and Barry lives at the corner between Amy and Chris. The three homes are the vertices of a
right triangle.

a. Give two trigonometric expressions for the ratio of Barry’s distance from Amy to Chris’s distance from Amy.
b. Give two trigonometric expressions for the ratio of Barry’s distance from Chris to Amy’s distance from Chris.
c. Give a trigonometric expression for the ratio of Amy’s distance from Barry to Chris’s distance from Barry.
SOLUTION:
a. From the angle marked 26°, Barry's distance from Amy is the adjacent side and Chris's distance from Amy is
the hypotenuse. The ratio of adjacent to hypotenuse is cos 26°. From the angle marked 64°, Barry's distance from
Amy is the opposite side and Chris's distance from Amy is the hypotenuse. The ratio of opposite to hypotenuse
is sin 64°.
b. From the angle marked 64°, Barry's distance from Chris is the adjacent side and Amy's distance from Chris is
the hypotenuse. The ratio of adjacent to hypotenuse is cos 64°. From the angle marked 26°, Barry's distance from
Chris is the opposite side and Amy's distance from Chris is the hypotenuse. The ratio of opposite to hypotenuse
is sin 26°.

c. From the angle marked 64°, Amy's distance from Barry is the opposite side and Chris's distance from Barry is
the adjacent side. The ratio of opposite to adjacent is tan 64°.

ANSWER:
a. cos 26° or sin 64°
b. cos 64° or sin 26°
c. tan 64°
34. CONSTRUCT ARGUMENTS A cell phone tower is supported by a guy wire as shown. Chilam wants to
determine the height of the tower. She finds that the guy wire makes an angle of 53° with the ground and it is
attached to the ground 65 feet from the base of the tower.
9-5 Trigonometry
a. Let the height of the tower be x. Which trigonometric ratio should you use to write an equation that you can
solve for x? Justify
your choice.
b. Write and solve an equation for the height of the tower. Round to the nearest tenth of a foot.
c. Suppose Chilam had wanted to find the length of the guy wire. What would you have done differently to solve
the problem? Justify your argument.
SOLUTION:
a. Tangent; sample answer: The tangent ratio relates the two pieces of given information to the missing information.
b. tan 53° = ; x ≈ 86.3 ft
c. Let y represent the length of the guy wire and use the cosine ratio to write the equation cos 53° = . Solving
for y shows that y = or ≈ 108.0 feet. The length of the guy wire is about 108.0 feet.

9-5 Trigonometry
ANSWER:
a. Tangent; sample answer: The tangent ratio relates the two pieces of given information to the missing information.
b. tan 53° = ; x ≈ 86.3 ft
c. Let y represent the length of the guy wire and use the cosine ratio to write the equation cos 53° = . Solving
for y shows that y = or ≈ 108.0 feet. The length of the guy wire is about 108.0 feet.
35. COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES In the right triangle shown, sin α = 0.6428 and cos α = 0.7660. Find sin β
and cos β and explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The sine of an angle equals the cosine of its complement. So, sin β = cos α = 0.7660. Similarly,
cos β = sin α = 0.6428.
ANSWER:
Sample answer: The sine of an angle equals the cosine of its complement. So, sin β = cos α = 0.7660. Similarly,
cos β = sin α = 0.6428.
Find the values of x and y. Round to the nearest tenth.
36.
SOLUTION:

9-5 Trigonometry
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the missing side length.
This third side is made up of two equal segments or 33.4 ÷ 2 = 16.7.
Use inverse sine to find y°.
Use inverse tangent to find x°.
Therefore, x = 37.2; y = 33.4.
ANSWER:
x = 37.2; y = 33.4
37.

9-5 Trigonometry
SOLUTION:
Use known angles to find the missing angle of the large triangle.
Use a cosine ratio to find y.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the height of the large triangle.
Use a tangent ratio to find x.

x = 9.2; y = 11.7
ANSWER:
x = 9.2; y = 11.7

9-5 Trigonometry
38. STRUCTURE Explain how you can use only the table at the right to find the value of cos 20°.
m∠A sin A
65° 0.9063
70° 0.9397
75° 0.9659
80° 0.9848
85° 0.9962
SOLUTION:

m∠A sin A
65° 0.9063
70° 0.9397
75° 0.9659
80° 0.9848
85° 0.9962
Sample answer: The cosine of an angle equals the sine of its complement, so cos 20° = sin 70° or 0.9397.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: The cosine of an angle equals the sine of its complement, so cos 20° = sin 70° or 0.9397.
39. FIND THE ERROR Lakasha and Treyvon were both solving the same trigonometry problem. However, after
they finished their computations, Lakasha said the answer was 52 sin 27° and Treyvon said the answer was 52 cos
63°. Could they both be correct? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
Yes, they are both correct; sample answer: Because 27 + 63 = 90, the sine of 27° is the same ratio as the cosine
of 63°.
ANSWER:
Yes, they are both correct; sample answer: Because 27 + 63 = 90, the sine of 27° is the same ratio as the cosine
of 63°.

9-5 Trigonometry
40. PERSEVERE Solve △ABC. Round each measure to the nearest whole number.
SOLUTION:
Find the angle measures.
m∠A = 4x + 1 = 4(13) + 1 = 53°
m∠B = 7x – 1 = 7(13) – 1 = 90°
m∠C = 3x – 2= 3(13) – 2 = 37°
Round the value of y to 7.
AB = y + 5 = 7 + 5 = 12
BC = 2y + 2 = 2(7) + 2 = 14 + 2 = 16
AC = 3y – 1 = 3(7) – 1 = 21 – 1 = 20
ANSWER:
m∠A = 53°, m∠B = 90°, m∠C = 37°, AB = 12, BC = 16, AC = 20

9-5 Trigonometry
41. ANALYZE Are the values of sine and cosine for an acute angle of a right triangle always less than 1? Explain.
SOLUTION:
Yes; sample answer: Because the values of sine and cosine are both calculated by dividing one of the legs of a right
triangle by the hypotenuse, and the hypotenuse is always the longest side of a right triangle, the values will always
be less than 1. You will always be dividing the smaller number by the larger number.
ANSWER:
Yes; sample answer: Because the values of sine and cosine are both calculated by dividing one of the legs of a right
triangle by the hypotenuse, and the hypotenuse is always the longest side of a right triangle, the values will always
be less than 1. You will always be dividing the smaller number by the larger number.

9-5 Trigonometry
42. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG If the directions say to Solve the right triangle, then which of the triangles shown
belong? Justify your conclusion.

SOLUTION:
△ABC; sample answer; In order to solve a right triangle, you need 2 side lengths or 1 side length and 1 acute angle measur
ANSWER:
△ABC; sample answer; In order to solve a right triangle, you need 2 side lengths or 1 side length and 1 acute angle measur

9-5 Trigonometry
43. WRITE Explain how you can use ratios of the side lengths to find the angle measures of the acute angles in a right
triangle.
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: To find the measure of an acute angle of a right triangle, you can find the ratio of the leg opposite
the angle to the hypotenuse and use a calculator to find the inverse sine of the ratio; you can find the ratio of the leg
adjacent to the angle to the hypotenuse and use a calculator to find the inverse cosine of the ratio; or you can find
the ratio of the leg opposite the angle to the leg adjacent to the angle and use a calculator to find the inverse tangent
of the ratio
ANSWER:
Sample answer: To find the measure of an acute angle of a right triangle, you can find the ratio of the leg opposite
the angle to the hypotenuse and use a calculator to find the inverse sine of the ratio; you can find the ratio of the leg
adjacent to the angle to the hypotenuse and use a calculator to find the inverse cosine of the ratio; or you can find
the ratio of the leg opposite the angle to the leg adjacent to the angle and use a calculator to find the inverse tangent
of the ratio.

9-5 Trigonometry
44. CREATE Draw a right triangle with a tangent ratio of for one of the acute angles. Then find the measure of the
other acute angle to the nearest tenth of a degree.
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: Suppose right △ABC has acute angles at A and C. If tan C = , then C = tan−1 ≈ 56.3°.
So, m∠A = 90° − m∠C ≈ 90° − 56.3° ≈ 33.7°.
ANSWER:
Sample answer: Suppose right △ABC has acute angles at A and C. If tan C = , then C = tan−1 ≈ 56.3°. So,
m∠A = 90° − m∠C ≈ 90° − 56.3° ≈ 33.7°.

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9-5

sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L = ;

sin M = ; cos M = ; tan M =

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L =

sin M = ; cos M = ; tan M =

sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L = ; sin M = ; cos M =

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2

sin R = ; cos R = ; tan R = ;

sin S = ; cos S = ; tan S =

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

sin J = ; cos J = ; tan J = ;

sin L = ; cos L = ; tan L =

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Sample answer: Suppose right △ABC has acute angles at A and C. If tan C = , then C = tan−1 ≈ 56.3°.

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