AP4 Porometer

AP4 Porometer
PRODUCT INFORMATION

The AP4 Porometer measures stomatal

aperture in terms of leaf conductance Applications
to water vapour. Loss of water vapour through plant leaf stomata is one of
the critical factors linking transpiration with ambient
temperature, pressure, humidity and wind speed. The
This is a major determinant of water stomata are sensitive to light, relative humidity (RH),
carbon dioxide (CO2), water stress, pathogens and
loss from plant leaves and of CO2 pollutants. The AP4 Porometer makes accurate,
uptake in photosynthesis. repeatable and convenient field measurements of
stomatal conductance using the cycling diffusion principle.
When combined with leaf area and leaf temperature
measurement, the instrument enables water loss from a
 Direct readout of conductance or resistance whole plant or crop canopy to be estimated.

 Simple and rapid calibration in the field The AP4 is therefore an invaluable tool for quantifying the
effect of various influences on stomatal behaviour. It also
 Minimises leaf stress during measurement has an important role to play in comparing the
performance of different crop varieties in response to
 Outstanding value, ease of use and environmental variations and stresses.
durability - 5 year warranty
Practical experience The theory behind the cycling
porometer is well understood (ref. 1), and is backed by
Delta-T’s considerable manufacturing experience of this
type of instrument through four evolutionary stages. Over
1000 Delta-T Devices porometers have been used
worldwide since the first was devised by Dr. J. L. Monteith
in 1974 (ref. 2).

Easy and convenient use

The innovative design of the AP4 provides users with
logical, convenient operation and a comprehensive range
of features and functions. In particular, the AP4 offers an
automated, rapid cycle that gives temperature-
compensated readings, and straightforward calibration.

New users can quickly make effective use of the AP4,

without a deep knowledge of all the options available to
the more experienced user.

In use, the AP4 is carried on a shoulder strap in its own

protective carrying case, with the keyboard, control
buttons and display at a convenient working level. The
sensor head, on a flexible cable, is simply clipped on to
the leaf to be measured. Once the instrument has been
initialised, a READ button on the head allows single-
handed operation. Successive readings can be taken,
evaluated and stored just by pressing this one button.
Stable readings are audibly indicated by a ‘double beep’.

Step-by-step procedures from menus displayed on the

LCD screen guide the user through the processes of
calibration, taking readings, and the review and output of
stored data. A SET button conveniently recalls operating
settings stored previously.
AP4 Porometer

Direct calibration
8 x 40 The direct calibration technique used in the AP4 gives
character much greater confidence in the absolute accuracy of its
LCD readings than is possible in practice with other systems.
Function
keys The AP4 is supplied with a moulded polypropylene
calibration plate with six groups of holes; the rate of
diffusion of water vapour through these holes has been
carefully verified. Water vapour is provided by backing the
plate with dampened paper. The sensor head is clipped
onto the calibration plate, and readings are stored from
QWERTY
keypad each of the six standard calibration positions.
for notes
Calibration is a simple process, and easily undertaken in
the field. It should be carried out at the start of a
Light
sensor measurement session, and when necessitated by a
change in temperature, or by moving to a new RH cycling
Sensor Calibration level, or by changing to the alternative cup on the sensor
head plate
head.

Dynamic diffusion and steady state

porometers compared

Porometry
Porometry is the study of gas diffusion through pores,
particularly through leaf stomata. Since plant transpiration is
mainly controlled by the opening and closing of stomata, the
use of porometers is vital to many areas of plant research. Conditions within a porometer chamber can occasionally
cause the stomata to close before a reading is taken. These
Most field measurements are currently made by diffusion are more likely to be present in a chamber where the leaf is
porometers, using either the dynamic or steady state stressed by the increased water loss associated with
measurement principle. Dynamic diffusion porometers, such vigorously stirred steady state systems.
as the Delta-T AP4, are characterised by simplicity, unstirred
leaf chambers, and the need for frequent but easy Resolution: Dynamic and steady state porometry systems
recalibration using plates with known diffusion resistances. offer similar resolution: approximately 0.5 mmol.m-2.s-1.
Steady state porometers are comparatively complex, they Speed: Both systems enable a reading to be taken within
require a vigorously stirred leaf chamber and their about 15 seconds for a highly conductive leaf, and within
recalibration, while infrequent, can be difficult. about 60 seconds for a highly resistive leaf.
Convenience: Both systems provide direct readout of
Relative strengths stomatal conductance units, but the AP4 also features a
simple comprehensive graphic display of all relevant
Accuracy: Under laboratory conditions, the two systems are reading information. The moulded plastic AP4 sensor head
comparable, though the steady state can be significantly weighs only 130 g – less than 1/3 the weight of many
more accurate at very high diffusion conductances when steady state porometers.
carefully calibrated.
Sampling area: Because the chamber in a dynamic system
Under field conditions, the situation changes. The accuracy of is unstirred, it is not practical to use large sampling areas in
the Delta-T system can be maintained by simply recalibrating conjunction with a small RH sensor. However, users’
in the field whenever appropriate. In the steady state system, experience suggests that this is a very minor inconvenience,
accuracy depends on the absolute accuracy of the RH occasionally requiring more samples to be taken.
measurement: an error of more than ±18% in the diffusion Price: Generally, dynamic porometers are less expensive
reading can be caused by a ±3% RH error (refs. 3, 4). because they do not require such elaborate leaf chambers or
expensive gas flow meters.
When taking measurements in the field on leaves, the
possibility of contamination will usually limit confidence in the Ease of use, reliability and economy without compromising
absolute RH measurement to ±4%, even with careful and on accuracy continue to make dynamic diffusion porometers
frequent laboratory recalibration. the first choice for scientists worldwide.
Compact sensor head
The lightweight, compact AP4 sensor head enables reliable
and quick measurements, even in small or dense canopies,
with minimum stress on the leaf. The red READ button allows
single-handed taking of readings.
Made from low water absorption polypropylene, the head Sliding cover
contains two cups (cuvettes), one slotted, the other circular,
to suit different leaf shapes. A sliding cover lets the user
check leaf alignment. A silicone rubber seal presses gently
onto the leaf surface, defining the sample area.
Light sensor
The head contains fast response sensors to measure cup
and leaf temperatures, allowing automatic temperature
compensation to be applied (ref 3). White insulating materials
reduce cup heating by bright sunlight, while a PAR READ button
photodiode sensor (Photosynthetically Active Radiation)
measures light incident on the leaf.

Measurement units
The AP4 lets you choose whether to work in terms of
stomatal conductance or resistance, and in "velocity" or
mole units. Mole units offer comparability with biochemical
units in photosynthesis, for example the moles of biomass
created, or the flux density of PAR quanta. They have the
advantage of being independent of pressure, and only
weakly dependent on temperature, whereas velocity units
depend on both. The AP4 refers all readings to the
ambient temperature and pressure setting.

Changes in barometric pressure between a calibration and

actual measurement will affect resistance readings: a change
of 1 kPa can cause a 1% error in measured resistance. An
extreme change in the weather could have this effect, but
altitude is normally a greater factor, the rate of change being
1 kPa per 100 m. The Wristwatch Barometer type PBR1, is
suitable for monitoring local pressure (see Ordering
Information). SENSOR HEAD

Data handling
Onboard memory provides a storage capacity of up to 1500 readings, with a notes facility. Data is exported to a computer, printer
or pocket terminal through the RS232 link. Data formats are suitable for direct entry to standard analysis software including Excel.
A complete set of data comprises the reading, reading labels, time, light level, temperature and relative humidity. Up to 30
characters of notes for each reading can be added using the keypad.
 Porometer type AP4 Specifications
Parameter Reading range Resolution Accuracy Test conditions
[1] [2] Reading range
± 10 % 5 - 800 mmol m-2 s-1
Conductance 5.0 -1200 mmol m-2 s-1 0.1 - 10
± 20 % 800 - 1200 mmol m-2 s-1
± 10% 0.25 - 20 mm s-1
Conductance 0.25 - 30.0 mm s-1 0.01 - 0.1
± 20 % 20 - 30 mm s-1
± 10 % 0.5 - 40 s cm-1
Resistance 0.2 - 40 s cm-1 0.01 - 0.1
± 0.2 s cm-1 0.2 - 0.5 s cm-1
RH 0 - 100% 0.1 ± 4%
Cup temp -5 - +55°C 0.1 ± 0.7°C 0 - 50°C
Cup-leaf temp -5 - +5°C 0.1 ± 0.2°C 0 - 50°C
PAR flux [3] 0 - 2500 µmol m-2 s-1 10 ± 15%
Pressure [4] 600 - 1200 hPa, settable in steps of 5 hPa
RH cycle level 20 - 80 %RH, settable in steps of 5%

Notes:

[1] Resolution varies with the magnitude of the value obtained. The range shown
corresponds to the reading range. In relative terms, the resolution is better than 2%, but
at least the smallest amount shown.
[2] The stated accuracy applies over the range of the calibration plate and for optimum cup
conditions, i.e. from +10 to -5°C difference between actual cup temp. and that existing at
calibration, and for +2.5 to -2.5°C difference between leaf and cup temperatures.
[3] Spectral and cosine responses are approximate only.
[4] Ambient pressure may be read from a Wristwatch Barometer type PBR1.
[5] Cycling at extreme combinations of temperature, conductance and RH level may not
always be possible.

Measuring units References

1. Monteith, J. L., Campbell, G. S. & Potter, E. A., ‘Theory and
Conductance: mmol m-2 s-1, mm s-1, cm s-1
performance of a dynamic diffusion porometer'. Agric. For.
Resistance: s cm-1, s m-1, m2 s mol-1
Meteorol. 44,27-38, 1988.
Calibration plate values at 20°C, 1000 hPa 2. Stiles, W., Monteith, J. L. & Bull, T. A., 'A diffusive resistance
Plate Conductance Resistance porometer for field use'. J. Appl. Ecol.7,617-638,1970
position (mmol m-2 s-1) (s cm-1)
3. Campbell, G. S., 'Steady-state diffusion porometers'. Research
1 15 27.3 Bulletin 809, Washington State University,20-23,1975.
2 25 16.5 4. McDermitt, D. K., 'Sources of error in the estimation of stomatal
3 55 7.4 conductance and transpiration from porometer data'.
4 132 3.1 HortScience,25(12),1538-1548,1990.
5 257 1.6
6 513 0.8

Ordering Information
Sensor head
Cups: (a) slot, 2.5 x 17.5 mm, rounded ends Porometer type AP4 including: built-in rechargeable battery,
(b) circle, 6 mm diameter sensor head type PSH1, calibration plate, carrying bag, manual,
RH sensor: IST P14 Rapid quick guide, RS232 cable, data collection software, consumables
Temp. sensors: high precision 100K thermistors kit type PCK1 (paper pads, tape, 500 g silica gel, silica gel tube, 2
Light sensor: unfiltered GaAsP photodiode cup seals, cup gasket), battery charger (operates with 110V,
Cable length: 1.2 m 220V and 230V mains), USB to RS232 adapter cable.
Size/weight: 110 x 30 x 27 mm, 130 g incl. cable
Data handling Optional items:
Reading memory: up to 1500 readings with full annotation (see
sample printout) Wristwatch Barometer type PBR1, reads atmospheric
Data interface: RS232 serial, up to 9600 baud, supplied with pressure.
connector and adaptor for direct connection to PCs AP4 consumables kit type PCK1, complete set as included
Software: for Windows, saves data to a comma-separated ASCII with instrument.
data file (.CSV) AP4 spares kit type PSK2, includes spare manual. Detailed
Control unit list available on request.
Display: 8 lines x 40 character LCD Spare AP4 sensor head type PSH1
Keys: 13 function keys, plus full QWERTY keypad
Spare rechargeable battery type PSB2
Carrying case: padded, with shoulder and waist straps
Size/weight: 300 x 220 x 140 mm, 3 kg Spare battery charger type AP-CHG
Power supply Spare calibration plate type AP-CP
Battery: internal rechargeable, 20 hour duration
Charger: AP4 battery charger

Delta-T Devices Ltd

130 Low Road, Burwell, Cambridge CB25 0EJ, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1638 742922

[email protected] www.delta-t.co.uk AP4_Datasheet_version_6

 EQ3 
Equitensiometer

The EQ3 next generation Equitensiometer 
has extra features and a new look. With 
maintenance‐free operation and a wide 
measurement range it continues to set the 
standard for reliable water potential 
measurement. In addition it now measures 
soil temperature. 
The precision‐built EQ3 uses class leading ThetaProbe 
technology to avoid the many problems of water‐filled 
tensiometers. It measures water potential (matric potential) 
in the range 0 to ‐1000 kPa and provides an accurate loggable 
output. It is well suited for use in dry soils. 
 
 
 
 Convenient, accurate, reliable alternative  
 
to water‐filled tensiometers 
 Excellent range 0 to ‐1000 kPa 
 Maintenance‐free: no refilling or degassing 
 No recalibration required 
 New built‐in temperature sensor 
 New extendable cable system 

New features
The EQ3 Equitensiometer is an improved replacement for the EQ2
model. It provides extra functionality and is easier to use.
How it works
The addition of a thermistor  The EQ3 Equitensiometer is based on the ML3 
sensor to the EQ3 enables the  ThetaProbe ‐ a precision soil moisture sensor. The 
simultaneous logging of soil  measuring rods of the ThetaProbe are embedded in a 
temperature and water potential.    porous material (the equilibrium body).  This material 
 
has a known, stable relationship between water content 
A new cabling system makes  
and matric potential. When the EQ3 is inserted into the 
it simple to extend or replace  soil, the matric potential within the equilibrium body 
cables, offering a choice of 1m,  equilibrates to that of the surrounding soils. The water 
5m, 10m and 25m extensions.   content of the matric material is measured directly by 
EQ3 cables and connectors are  the ThetaProbe, and this can be converted into the 
buriable and environmentally  matric potential of the surrounding soil using the 
protected to IP68.   EQ3 Equitensiometer with GP2 Data Logger  calibration curve supplied with each Equitensiometer. 
 
 EQ3 Equitensiometer 
 

Installation Specifications 
 
 

 
Matric Potential 
The EQ3 is buriable and maintenance‐free. It can be inserted into   

10kPa over 0 to ‐100kPa, 
 

Accuracy 
augered holes or positioned in the wall of a trench (which is then   

±5% of reading over ‐100 to ‐1000kPa 
carefully back‐filled). Optional extension tubes assist placement   
 
 

Measurement range  0 to‐1000kPa (‐10bar) 
and removal when burying at depth.    

 
 

Hysteresis 
 
Not detectable if the change of 
matric potential is slower than 
0.1kPa/min 
Applications  

Soil types  Suitable for all non‐saline soil types 
 
 

Output signal  0‐1V differential, non‐linear. 
The EQ3 Equitensiometer is ideally suited to static long term  (Calibration data and graph supplied with 
  each sensor) 
monitoring of water potential in soils and substrates. It can even 
be left installed in frozen soils. Typical applications include  Output compatible with  GP1, GP2, DL6, DL2e, HH2 
 

environmental, plant, soil, ecology and geo‐sciences research, as  Temperature  (EQ3 must be fully buried to accurately measure soil temp) 
 

well as civil engineering and agricultural engineering applications.   
 
 

Sensor accuracy  
            

0.5°C over 0‐40°C 
  not including logger or cabling error 

The EQ3’s full range is 0 to ‐1000 kPa but best accuracy is 
   
 

Output  
Resistance:  5.8kΩ to 28kΩ 
achieved between ‐100 and ‐500 kPa. This makes it well suited to  Output compatible with 
 

GP1, GP2, DL6 1, DL2e, HH2 
plant water stress studies ‐ even in very dry soils.    

Cabling error   Negligible for GP1, GP2 & DL6 (100m 
contribution  cable limit) 
Please note that despite its many strengths (and advantages over  (for temperature readings)  Negligible for DL2e (with 5m cable) 2 
water‐filled tensiometers), the EQ3 should not be seen as a rapid   
 
 

 
 

response sensor that covers the full range of water potentials at  Max cable length  
100m (GP1, GP2 & DL6 data loggers) 
100m (DL2e: water content measurement) 
high accuracy. Such a sensor does not yet exist. EQ3 equilibration  25m   (DL2e: temperature measurement) 
 

time is typically several hours. 
 
 

Power requirement  5 to 15V, 20mA for 1s 
  Operating range 
 

‐0 to +40°C  
As the EQ3 is maintenance‐free (no refilling, degassing, or topping   
(Not damaged by use in frozen soils) 
 
 

up required) frost resistant and low powered, it can be  Environmental  IP68 

 

conveniently used at remote sites over long periods of time. In 
 

Dimensions/weight  181mm x 40.5mm dia./260 gm 
(without cable) 
such instances it is possible to access sensor data wirelessly via a   

GPRS enabled data logger such as the GP2.
 

Ordering Information 
 

Data Logging  EQ3  EQ3 Equitensiometer 

  NB: Order cable separately 
 
 

The EQ3 can be logged by  ML/EX50  0.5m extension tube 

 
 

any Delta‐T data logger,  ML/EX100  1m extension tube 

 
 

including the powerful GP2.   SM‐AUG‐100  45mm diameter spiral auger to install EQ3 

Equitensiometers at depth, length 1.2m 
It is also compatible with   

Cable Options 
many other manufacturers’   
 

data loggers  SMSC/sw‐05  5m cable terminating in bare wires for 

connection to GP1, GP2, or DL6 
   
 

SMSC/lw‐05  5m cable terminating in 
Temperature range  bare wires for connection to DL2e
 
 

   

EXT/5W‐01  1m, 5m, 10m, and 25m extension cables, 
The EQ3 has an impressive  M12 connector to M12 connector 
EXT/5W‐05 
operating temperature  EXT/5W‐10 
range. Tests demonstrate  EXT/5W‐25 
 

that the EQ3 can operate 
down to ‐40 degrees C  
(non‐flexing cables).   
1    Note: The DL6 has only one temperature channel. The DL6 error    
contribution to EQ3 temperature measurement is negligible compared to the 
accuracy of the EQ3 temperature sensor itself. The two only become 
comparable below ‐15C. 
 
Patents  2    DL2e Logger users can apply a correction in the Ls2Win logging software (for 
UK patent 2300485B / US patents: 5804976 & 5898310  cable lengths >5m).

Delta‐T Devices Ltd 
 
 

130 Low Road, Burwell, Cambridge CB25 0EJ, UK   
Tel: +44 (0) 1638 742922 
 

sales@delta‐t.co.uk      www.delta‐t.co.uk    EQ3_ver_1
 Soil
Moisture
Content

LEADING SOLUTIONS FOR SPORTS

TURF PROFESSIONALS

ML3 ThetaKit
The ThetaKit is a powerful tool for
optimising turf health
The ThetaKit enables fast, precise soil moisture
measurement - enabling turf health to be
accurately monitored.
To achieve the best surfaces, turf professionals
have many resources to call on, but knowing
where and when to apply these resources is a
major challenge. The ThetaKit provides quick,
reliable data to successfully address this issue.

Use the ThetaKit to:

 Spot check soil moisture
content quickly and easily

 Identify areas too dry or too

wet before turf problems
become visible

 Quantify background levels of

water content that underpin
good turf performance

 Schedule optimised irrigation

 Check the performance of

automatic sprinklers – and the
uniformity of water
application
The new ML3 ThetaProbe has replaced the ML2x model. It achieves
the same class-leading ± 1% accuracy, but now has detachable
cables and a restyled, compact white body.

Delta-T Devices
 .
Soil
Moisture
Content

LEADING SOLUTIONS FOR SPORTS TURF PROFESSIONALS

ThetaKit Spot Readings - Soil Moisture Variation Across Turf (A-H)

Regular measurement of soil moisture content allows continual assessment of grass health -
444 warning of potential problems and enabling the turf manager to take preventative
giving early
action - before damaging physical change in the turf has occurred.

ML3 ThetaKit Features: Taking regularly spaced readings across turf allows you
to assess relative changes in soil moisture content over
that area. This concept is illustrated in Fig 1&2 below,
 Soil moisture ± 1% accuracy where moisture levels are colour coded.

 Highly portable and easy to use By repeating this process regularly the behaviour/quality
of your turf can be characterised against weather and
management practice - allowing you to optimise quality.
 Waterproof and rugged probe,
replaceable rods ML3 ThetaKit Spot Readings - Soil Moisture Variation Across Turf (A-H)

 Minimal soil disturbance

 Stores up to 1500 readings H

with location ID G

Easy to Use: E

D
Taking a Reading:
C
Step 1: Insert rods fully into the ground
B
ML3 Store?
Step 2: Press Read to take a reading A
20.3% vol
Fig. 1
Step 3: Press Store to save or Esc to discard reading

Step 4: Remove the probe from the soil and move to a

new location for next reading
C
E
A
B

D
ML3 ThetaKit Brief Specification
G H
Range 0-100% soil water content
Accuracy ±1% (for 0-50% range)
Power 9V PP3 battery (approx 5000 readings)
Sampling volume 6cm x 3cm diameter cylinder
Fig. 2
Environmental Sealing Waterproof (IP68 – for sensor only) Above diagrams are for illustrative purposes only.
Memory Up to 1500 readings

Delta-T Devices Ltd

130 Low Road, Burwell, Cambridge CB25 0EJ, England Tel: +44 1638 742922
[email protected] www.delta-t.co.uk ML3-sports turf_ver_2
      PR2 SDI‐12
Profile Probe

PR2 Profile Probe  
with SDI‐12 Interface 
 

The PR2 SDI‐12 is a new digital alternative to the  
well‐established analogue PR2 Profile Probe.  
 
It shares the many strengths of the analogue PR2 soil 
moisture probe, but with the addition of SDI‐12 
compatibility ‐ allowing integration into new and  
existing SDI‐12 systems.    

 Multiple PR2 SDI‐12s can be connected to a 
compatible data logger via a single cable 
 Enables the creation of low cost highly flexible  
sensor networks 
 Compatible with existing PR2 access tubes and  
augering kits  
 Conforms to industry standard SDI‐12 (v1.3) spec 
 Flexible integration with 3rd party SDI‐12 hardware 
 New low power design; ideal for remote sites 

GP2 SDI‐12 Data Logger 
The PR2 SDI‐12 is fully compatible with the new SDI‐12 
enabled GP2 Data Logger and Controller ‐ with simple point 
& click configuration.  
 
Up to 50 SDI‐12 Profile Probes can be connected to a single 
GP2 (subject to power requirements).  
 
In addition to SDI‐12 input, the GP2 can log 12 analogue 
channels.  Cost saving with SDI‐12 
 Lower cost cabling – uses 
standard Delta‐T M12 x 5‐way 
cable system 
Additional     
SDI‐12   Lower cost data logging for 
Sensors 
multi‐probe installations 
 
 Same price as analogue  
PR2 probe 
 PR2 SDI‐12 Profile Probe

Overview  GP2 Data Logger
 
The SDI‐12 enabled GP2 Data Logger and DeltaLINK enable 
The PR2 SDI‐12 Profile Probe builds on the reputation and 
quick and easy creation of sensor networks ‐ without need 
field proven technology of the analogue PR2. By adopting 
to resort to the often complex programming methods 
the widely used SDI‐12 interface (v1.3) the PR2 SDI‐12 can 
typically employed by other manufacturers. 
be integrated with an even wider range of data loggers,   
sensors and equipment.  The SDI‐12 Profile Probe’s electronics have been designed 
 
to improve power efficiency – reducing the overall power 
SDI‐12 is an established communication standard adopted 
requirement. This is an important advantage for off‐grid 
by many manufacturers of environmental monitoring and 
applications at remote sites. 
control equipment. It is popular because it allows large 
numbers of sensors (from many vendors) to be connected   
to a logger via a simple cable network, thereby reducing   HH2 Moisture Meter 
Applications
the cost and complexity of wiring large sensor installations.  

The HH2 Moisture Meter can display readings from the PR2  
  SDI‐12 Profile Probe*. This is a great advantage for customers 
Cables and connectors   who value the freedom to use SDI‐12 Profile Probes in both 
 
The PR2 SDI‐12 has a high quality, stainless steel IP67 rated  installed and portable applications. Pre‐February 2017 HH2s  
connector (M12 x 5‐way) – connecting to the standard  can be upgraded at low cost (via firmware) to enable  
Delta‐T range of M12 x 5‐way cables and accessories. The  PR2 SDI‐12 readout. 
M12 x 5‐way cables are also compatible with Delta‐T’s 
For more information on upgrading 
ML3, SM300, SM150 and EQ3 sensors.   firmware please contact our Tech Support 
  department: tech.support@delta‐t.co.uk 
(NB: The M12 x 8‐way range of cables used for analogue 
PR2 connection is not compatible with the SDI‐12 version  *Please note that the HH2 only reads SDI‐12 digital data 
of the PR2. Analogue and SDI‐12 sensors cannot be mixed  from the PR2 SDI‐12 Probe – it is not a general purpose 
SDI‐12 meter. 
on the same cable system.) 

Cabling System 
 

Specification 
Use of PR2 SDI‐12 Sensors with Data Logger  
The PR2 Profile Probe SDI‐12 shares its general specification with 
the analogue version of the probe, whose specs can be found 
EXT/5W‐01  NB: Please note that analogue PR2 and  online at www.delta‐t.co.uk and on page 13 of the Soil Moisture 
EXT/5W‐05  SDI‐12 PR2 cables are not compatible   Measurement Catalogue. 
 
GP2‐NTP  EXT/5W‐10 
EXT/5W‐25  Logger Compatibility:  
 

GP2 Data Logger SDI‐12 protocol version 1.3 (www.sdi‐12.org) 
 

Power consumption <60 mA at 12 V DC 
 

Sleep current <2 mA at 12 V DC 
 
 

Ordering Information 
 

PR2/4‐SDI‐12  Profile Probe 40 cm SDI‐12 interface 
GP2 
 

PR2/6‐SDI‐12  Profile Probe 100 cm SDI‐12 interface 

SMSC/sw‐05 cable
l  Cables must be ordered separately ‐ see page 2 of the Soil 
PR2/4 and PR2/6  Moisture Measurement Catalogue for cable options (SMSC/lw‐05 
SDI‐12 Profile Probes  and EXT/5W range of extension cables).  
Non Delta‐T SDI‐12 Logger  
All Profile Probe accessories, such as augering kits and access 
tubes, are compatible with the SDI‐12 version. Cables are an 
exception: the analogue PR2 and SDI‐12 PR2 cables are not 
compatible.  
 
See page 10 of the Soil Moisture Measurement Catalogue for 
details of PR2 accessories. 
 

Delta‐T Devices Ltd 
 

130 Low Road, Burwell, Cambridge CB25 0EJ, UK   
Tel: +44 (0) 1638 742922 
 

sales@delta‐t.co.uk      www.delta‐t.co.uk    PR2 SDI-12_data_sheet_ver_2

SM150T 
Soil Moisture and 
Temperature Sensor  
 
 

 Accurate and stable measurement
± 3% for 0‐70% VWC* range 

 Robust and buriable 
UV resistant cable with IP68 connector

 Simple 0‐1 V output (moisture) 

 Low power: 18 mA for 1 second 
Supply 5‐14 V 

Based on over 40 years’ experience in the design and manufacture of 
field instrumentation, the SM150T from Delta‐T Devices makes the 
ideal soil moisture sensor for system integration. 
 
Patented sensor electronics produce research grade measurement 
accuracy with exceptional salinity and temperature stability ‐ essential 
for critical control and irrigation decisions. 
 
Industrial rated, UV resistant cable fitted with a waterproof IP68 
connector allows the sensor to be buried indefinitely, whilst still 
permitting easy cable exchange or extension if necessary. 

Applications: Soil calibrations are provided for general soils and 
substrates, or a specific soil calibration can be determined if 
necessary. The sensor can be installed at depth in augered holes, or 
buried in substrate containers. 
* Volumetric water content 

D A T A S H E E T   ‐   S Y S T E M    I N T E G R A T O R     E D I T I O N 
   

SM150T  Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensor

SM150T conductivity response at different water contents Specifications
 

Accuracy 
 
± 0.03 m3.m‐3 (3%) volumetric water content (VWC) 
 

± 0.5°C  (0 to 40°C for temp sensor) 
 

Soil moisture  0 to 1.0 m3.m‐3 (100%)  
measurement range  but less accurate above 70% VWC 
           
 

 
 

Salinity range  
50 to 1000 mS.m‐1 
 
± 5% vol over 100 to 1000 mS.m‐1 and 0‐60% VWC 
 

Temperature range  
Full accuracy over: 0 to 60°C 
 
 

Output  0 to 1.0 V differential 
 

Corresponding to 0 to ~0.6 m3.m‐3 
 

Power requirement  5‐14 V, ~18 mA for 1s 
Minimum 5 V with 100 m cable 
 

Environmental  IP68 with Delta‐T supplied cables 
 

Sample volume  ~55x70 mm diameter 
 

Sample volume is weighted towards soil 
immediately surrounding the rods  
     
 

Dimensions and weight Overall: 143 x 40 mm diameter 
 
Rods: 51 mm x 2.5 mm diameter 
Weight: 0.1 kg (exc. cable) 
 
 

Sensor calibrations  Individual sensors are interchangeable 
 

Recalibration advised every 3 years (depending on use) 
 

Soil calibrations   Generalised Mineral and Organic soil calibrations 
are supplied 

Temperature dependence of SM150T readings in a clay soil

Cable connector 
sealed to IP68 
M12, 5 pin, male

Thread ¾ inch BSP 
for connecting to  
Extension Tube 

Ordering information
Also available separately 

Soil moisture sensor with built‐in temperature 
SM150T  sensor. NB cable must be ordered separately. 

5 m cable terminating in bare wires for connection to 
SMSC/lw‐05  data loggers and controllers. 

SM150T accessories for burial at depth 

ML/EX50  0.5 m extension tube 

ML/EX100  1.0 m extension tube 

Delta‐T Devices Ltd 
 
 

130 Low Road, Burwell, Cambridge CB25 0EJ, UK   
Tel: +44 (0) 1638 742922 
 

sales@delta‐t.co.uk      www.delta‐t.co.uk    SM150T_Integrator_ver_1
 Water Content
Electrical Conductivity
Temperature

COST-EFFECTIVE
SOLUTIONS FOR
HORTICULTURALISTS
AND GROWERS
Moisture and nutrient status in the root zone

The WET Sensor from Delta-T Devices is

essential equipment when accurate measurement
in soil and substrates is vital to your business
 
The Delta‐T WET Sensor has crucial 
applications in precision horticulture and 
soil science research, and is usable in both 
soils and growing substrates. 
 

It is exceptional in its ability to measure 
pore water conductivity (ECp), the EC of 
the water that is available to the plant. 

 
 

Readout and data storage 
are carried out with the HH2  
 Water Content
Electrical Conductivity
TT
emperature
emperature

DELTA-T DEVICES
PROVEN APPLICATIONS
IN PRECISION
HORTICULTURE
AND SOIL SCIENCE

The WET Kit

The Applications The Advantages Ordering information

The Delta‐T WET Sensor is  The WET Sensor combines a 
essential for testing the  number of features to make it  WET-2-KIT Comprises WET-2/d WET Sensor, HH2
Moisture Meter (including alkaline
following…  indispensable in horticulture…  battery and comms cable), spare
battery, USB-RS232 adapter cable, user
Fertigation and Saves time and money manuals and WCC1 carrying case.
hydroponics The WET Sensor takes a complete  Includes sensor calibrations for generic
Where plants are grown in artificial  reading in ~5 seconds ‐ so you can  mineral soils, organic soils, sand soils,
substrates, nutrients are routinely  monitor the growing conditions of  clay soils, coir (coco fibre), peat based
potting mixes, greenhouse ‘mineral’
supplied in irrigation water ‐  hundreds of plants in a day. It 
soils, and Stonewool artificial mineral
“fertigation”.  replaces expensive lab analysis and  wool substrate (vertical and horizontal
Nutrient levels are controlled by  ensures your crops are grown  measurement).
monitoring the water content and  under optimal conditions. 
conductivity (EC) and adjusting the 
injection of liquid fertiliser into the  Excellent accuracy WET-2/d Sensor with 1m cable and 25- way D-
socket for use with HH2 Moisture Meter.
irrigation water. The Delta‐T WET  Water content ± 3%  
Sensor excels in monitoring this  Pore water EC ± 0.1mS.cm‐1 (varies 
crucial information.  with water content)   Sensor with 5 m cable terminating in bare
Temperature ± 1.0°C  WET-2/w-O5 wires for use with GP1 or GP2 data loggers.
Soil salinity
If the irrigation water is recycled or  Research grade sensor Calibration upgrades for GP1 and GP2 loggers
abstracted from rivers with high  The WET Sensor has been used in 
levels of dissolved salts, over time  research for over 15 years.  WET-GH-1G2 GP2 calibrations- for coir (coco fibre), peat based
potting mixes, and greenhouse “mineral soils.
there can be a build‐ up of soil  Innovative ASIC‐based design and 
salinity. Soil salinisation will  3‐parameter measurement make it 
an effective solution to the  WET-ST-1G2 GP2 calibrations – for Stonewool artificial mineral wool
eventually reduce crop yields. The  substrate (vertical and horizontal measurement).
WET Sensor is fast and efficient for  problem of monitoring growing 
sampling soil salinity, ensuring that  conditions in competitive areas of 
WET-GH-1G GP1 calibrations- for coir (coco fibre), peat based
farmers have the essential  horticulture and agriculture.  potting mixes, and greenhouse “mineral soils.
information they need to take 
remedial action as quickly as  Simple operation WET-ST-1G GP2 calibrations – for Stonewool artificial mineral wool
Insert the WET Sensor, press  substrate (vertical and horizontal measurement).
possible. 
[Read] and scroll down []: 
Container-grown Water Content 65% 
shrubs and trees Pore water EC 4.1 mS.cm‐1 
Nutrients are sometimes provided  Temperature  27.2°C  
by fertigation but are often  Detailed reading set‐up is 
provided by Controlled Release  available but rarely needed. 
Fertilisers. The rate at which these 
are taken up depends on the  Specialist calibrations
weather conditions. The Delta‐T  The WET Kit is equipped with a 
WET Sensor can be used to  comprehensive set of calibrations 
measure EC within the growing  (See WET‐2‐KIT ordering information 
media, removing much of the  table on this page for details). When 
guesswork from this procedure.  used alongside a GP1 or GP2 logger 
the WET sensor is equipped with 
calibrations for generic mineral, 
organic, sand and clay soils. 
Additional calibration upgrade packs 
are available for the GP1 and GP2 
(see ordering information table). 

Delta-T Devices Ltd

130 Low Road, Burwell, Cambridge CB25 0EJ, England

Tel: +44 1638 742922 Email: [email protected] www.delta-t.co.uk WET Sensor data sheet v.2.pdf