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Waffle Slab

A waffle slab is a type of building material that has two-directional reinforcement on the outside, giving it a waffle-like shape. This reinforcement provides significant structural stability without much extra material. The top is smooth while the underside has raised ridges forming square pockets. Waffle slabs are commonly used for foundations and floors as they help insulate spaces and provide flexibility in column layout. They are suitable for medium to heavy loads over medium spans.

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112 views22 pages

Waffle Slab

A waffle slab is a type of building material that has two-directional reinforcement on the outside, giving it a waffle-like shape. This reinforcement provides significant structural stability without much extra material. The top is smooth while the underside has raised ridges forming square pockets. Waffle slabs are commonly used for foundations and floors as they help insulate spaces and provide flexibility in column layout. They are suitable for medium to heavy loads over medium spans.

Uploaded by

Amana Salam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WAFFLE SLAB

• A waffle slab is a type of building material that has two-directional


reinforcement on the outside of the material, giving it the shape of the pockets
on a waffle.
• This type of reinforcement is common on concrete, wood and metal
construction. A waffle slab gives a substance significantly more structural
stability without using a lot of additional material. This makes a waffle slab
perfect for large flat areas like foundations or floors.
• The top of a waffle slab is generally smooth, like a traditional building surface,
but the underside has a shape reminiscent of a waffle. Straight lines run the
entire width and length of the slab, generally raised several inches from the
surface. These ridges form the namesake square pockets of the entire length
and width of the slab.
• Helps insulate the floor since hot air gets trapped in the pockets.
HISTORY OF WAFFLE SLABS

Pantheon dome
FIAT FACTORY, Lingotto, Italy

TORONTO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WASHINGTON DC SUBWAY


YALE UNIVERSITY ART GALLERY
Waffle slab has a thick solid-slab
floor from which the bottom layer
concrete in tension is partially
replaced by their ribs along
orthogonal directions. The ribs
are reinforced with steel
Detailed view of a waffle slab
floor with band beams
• Single waffle
column panel
• Four-waffle column
panel
• Beam support
* Solid column panels
resist shear
WAFFLE SLAB
VS
•TWO WAY SLAB
•RIBBED SLAB
•ONE WAY JOIST SLAB
Waffle slab
• Waffle slabs are two-way
spanning slabs whose beams
are at very close centers thin topping slab and
narrow ribs spanning
• efficient structurally for
heavier loading situations and
longer spans in concrete.
• Extra depth of the slab which
gives more span/load capacity
does not create dead weight in
the middle of the span.
• columns don’t have to line up.
This gives exceptional
flexibility in column layout.
• Slab thickness above the pans wall partitions that have to meet
is usually 4 to 6 Inches the slab can really only fall on the joists. This
makes curved partitions very hard to build
Ribbed slab
• made up of wide band beams
running between columns
with equal depth narrow ribs
spanning the orthogonal •Longer spans with heavy loads (12-
direction. A thick top slab 15m)
completes the system. • Reduction in dead loads due to
voids
• Electrical and mechanical
installations can be placed between
voids
• Good resistance to vibrations

•DISADVANTAGE
• Only moderate and uniformly distributed
load can be accommodated
One way joist slab
• Joist slabs usually can span farther and carry heavier loads because they eliminate
concrete not contributing to the slabs strength.
• To address heavier loading conditions, its necessary to remove the concrete that’s
acting as dead weight - working against the slab that comes along with an increase
in the uniform thickness of a slab.

•Using prefab formwork set on a plywood deck


voids are formed between the joists which
make the slab lighter, and stiffer.

•usually not much reinforcing in the slab,


and not much in the joist, most of the steel is
concentrated in the band carrying the joists.

•The void gives places for lighting, ducts are


harder to place here because it is almost
impossible to put a hole big enough for a duct
through the joist band.
Two way slab
• it’s reinforced to span two ways. This is possible because the beams are
developed within the slab and span across all columns.
• used for light loading applications where it’s thin structural depth gives a
low floor to floor height.
• As it reaches it’s maximum span, there is more concrete needed in the
beam strips, so the slab gets thicker.
• more concrete in the center which is just acting as dead weight, working
against the slabs efficiency!
Waffle slab
deeper than the equivalent ribbed slab
•Suitable for heavy loads
• Only moderate and uniformly
distributed load can be accommodated

• not much reinforcing in the one way slab


• lighting, ducts are harder to place here
the slab is less thicker for two way slab because it is almost
Less concrete in the center, lower dead weight impossible to put a hole big enough for a duct
through the joist band.
ADVANTAGES
• Medium spans
• Lightweight
• Level soffit
• Profile may be expressed architecturally, or used
for heat transfer
• allows a considerable reduction in dead load as
compared to conventional flat slab construction
since the slab thickness can be minimized due to
the short span between the joists
DISADVANTAGES
• Higher formwork costs than for standard
moulds and other slab systems
• Slow. Difficult to prefabricate reinforcement
• Work quality and precision not easy to control
• Labour safety at risk
• Tuff to shorten the construction time.
CASESTUDY

MUSEUM OF ISLAMIC ARTS .. Architect: I.M. Pei Architect


CONSTRUCTION

Plastic “domes” post-tensioned waffle slab construction


NEW TECHNIQUES OF CONSTRUCTION
The number of strands in each rib is typically limited to one or two, with bottom rebar not
exceeding two (12mm). Where design requirements demand more reinforcement that is
generally assigned to a typical interior waffle stem, solid strips along the lines of supports is
used to accommodate the excess of reinforcement.

With larger loads and longer spans, such as is common in department stores a heavier solid
slab band between the supports accommodates the overage of reinforcement from the
individual waffle stems in each direction

DEFLECTION AFTER POST TENSIONING

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