CHAPTER III

METHODS OF RESEARCH

A. Research Design

In this research , researcher will a descriptive qualitive approach. In this

research, the researcher attempt to describe the teacher’s strategy in teaching english.

According to Sugiyono (2016:15), qualitive research methods are research method

based on the philosophy of postpositivisme used to exmine the conditions of natural

objects ,(as oppsed to experiments) where the researcher is the key instrument for

sampling, data sources are carried out purosively and snowball, data collection

techniques with regalutaion or (combined), data analysis is inductive or qualitative,

and qualitative research results emphasize meaning rather than generalization.

According to Moleong (2016: 11), qualitive research is research that aims to

understand facts about what a subject or research actor experiences, such as

perceptual behavior, motivation, action, and ect. Descriptive is data in the form of

words, pictures and not numbers.

B. Place and Time of Research

1. Place of Research

This research will conducted at SMP Negeri Babo in Bintuni regency

2. Time of Research

This research will be carried out for apporoximately one month until answers

are found the answer research questions or data that is already saturated from

the research. This research will conducted from the beggining of June to end

counting one month since collection.

This research will conducted at Babo Junior High School which is located at

Jalan Pendidikan, Babo district Teluk Bintuni Regency. This research is to obtain

more complete data or information with the intention that the research results are

really solid. This research will carried out for one month of the schoo year 2021/2022,

namely at month June 2021.

D. Methods and Research Procedures

1. Research Methods

According to Sugiyono (2012), “ Methodology is a scientific way to get data

with specific purposes and uses”. In a research, method used to solve the problem

that will be and is being researched. The research method is a way to seek scientific

truth based on appropriate data and can be accounted for.

Based on the above opinion, the success of a research is one of them, there is

support for support for appropriate research methods with research objectives

predefined. In other words, method is one which is important in a research because

in the research methodology find ways how the object of research can be known and

observed so as to produce the right data in accordance with the research objective.

In the research, researcher used a qualitive reserch type. According Meleong

(2016), states that qualitative research is research that is intends to interpret the

phenomena experienced by research subjects for example beahavior, perception,

motivation, action, etc., holistically, and by means of description in the form of

words and language, in a context special nature and by utilizing various natural

methods. This research has the intention of describe the teacher's strategy in learning

English and knowing the obstacles faced by teachers in implementing English

Learning strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic at Babo Junior High School.
2. Research Procedure

Research procudure in this research, it is structured so that its implementation

is directed and systematic. According to Meleong (2012), there are four stages in the

research implementation procedure, namely as follows :

a. Pre-field stage

The researcher conduct will preliminary survey, namely by looking for

subjects as sources during the survey process. Researchers conducted

field assessments of research backgrounds looking for data and

information about what strategies were used in teaching English at

Babo Junior Hight School. Researchers also take scientific

confirmation efforts through literature and research supporting

references. At this stage the researcher compiles a research design that

includes an outline of the research methods used in conducting

research.

b. Fieldwork Stage

In this case the researcher enters and understands the research setting

in order to collect data.

c. Data Analysis Stage

The third stage in the research is data analysis. Researcher in this stage

carry out a series of qualitative data analysis processes to interpret data

that has been previously obtained. Besides that, the researcher also

took a data trigualtion process that was compared with the literature

theory.
 d. Evaluation and Reporting Phase

At the stage the researcher tries to carry out consultation and guidance

with the predetermined supervisor.

E. Data and Source Data

1. Data

Data is interpreted as a representation of information or notes on a collection

of facts in the form of text or numeric forms (sequence of numbers, letters, images,

ect.). According to Mohajan (2016), data is structured but does not cover any

information for using it in certain context. Data in this research were in the form or

written text in the field notes, and interview transcipt. Data is an important aspect in

conducting qualitive descriptive research. From these data, researcher obtained

information about teacher’s strategy in teaching englisng during Covid-19 Pandemic

in Babo Junior High School.

2. Data Source

Data source is a person, something, or a place that provides information

related to research. According to Meleong (2013), The main data source in qualitive

research is words, and action, the rest is additional ducuments such as documents and

others. The data source will be retrived from documents, inteview results, field notes

and reults from observations.

F. Research Collection Procedures

Data collection techniques used in this research include interviews, observation and

documentation.

1. Interview
 According to Sugiono (2015), states that An interview is a meeting conducted

by two people to exchange information or an idea by means of question and

answer so that it can be reduced to a conclusion or meaning in a particular topic.

The interview technique in this reserach uses techniques free guieded

interviews. Arikunto (2013) explains that guided free interviews are interviews

conducted with ask questions freely but still stay on interview guidelines that have

been made. Questions will develop on while doing the interview. Research get

direct information with interview techniques from subject teachers english in

Babo Junior High School.

The interview method used in thid study was unstructured interviews and

interviews. This model is a free interview in which the researcher does not use

interview guidelines that are systematic, full name and can be used for research

data collection (Sugiyono, 2015).

2. Observation

According to Sugiyono (2015), observation is an activity loading reseacrh on

an object. When viewed on the process implementation of data collection,

observation can be divided into participant. The type of observation used in this

reserach is non-participant observation. In making observations, the researcher

chooses things that are observed and note things related to research. The

observations made in this research were the teacher’s strategy in teaching

English.

3. Documentation

Documentation according to Sugiyono (2015), is a way used to obtain data

and information in the form of books, archives, documents, written numbrs and
 pictures in the form of reports and information which can support reseach.

Documentation is used for collect data then analyzed.

G. Data Analysis procedures

According to Meleong (2011), data analysis is an effort done by working with

data, organizing data, sorting them out into menageable units, synthesizing them, seek

and find patterns, find what is important and what is learned, and decide what to tell

others.

Miles and Huberman (2014) states that analysis techniques data in qualitive

research includes :

1. Data Collection

Process and prepare data for analysis. This step involving interview

transcripts, scanning material, typing data field or sorting and compiling

the data into types different types depending on the the source of the

information

2. Data Reduction

Data reduction is a form of analysis that classifies, redirect, remove

unnecessary and organize data which has been reduced provides a sharper

picture of the results observation becomes the theme.

3. Data Presentation (Data Display)

Presentation of data is an analysis in the form of matrices, networks, cart,

or graphics. In qualitive research, data presentation is carried out in form

brief descriptions, tables, charts and relationships betweem categories.

Through presentation of the data, then the data is organized, and structured

so that the easier it will be to understand.

4. Conclusion Drawing or Verivication

forward are still provisional, and will be change if there is no strong

evidence to support the stage next collection. Conclisions in qualitive

research can be answer the formulation of the problem that was formulated

from the start.

Schematically, the process of dta collection, data reduction,

presentation data and drawing conclusions can be described as follows :

H. Data Validity Check

Acoording to Sugiyono (2015), states that the data validity checking

techniques is the degree of trust in the research data obtained and its accuracy can be

justfield. Sugiyono (2015) explains that checking the validity of data in qualitative

research includes a credibility test (credibility), transferability test (transferability),

dependability test (dependability) and finally the objectivity test (confirmability).

1. Credibility Test

Credibility test is a test of confidence in qualitative reserach data (Prastowo,

2012). Meleong (2016) states that this credibility test has two functions, namely

the firts function to carry out checjs in such a away that the confidence level of
 our findings can be achived, and the second function to demonstrate the degree of

confidence in our findings by way of proving the multiple reality that is being

researched.

In the research, to test the credibility of the researcher using tringulation.

According to Meleong (2016), explaining that triangulation is checking the

validity of data that uses something other than the data for data checking purposes

or it is often called triangulation as a comparison of data. Also explained by

Sugiyono (2015), triangulation is a data validity checking techniques and existing

datata source. This tringulation utilizies something other than research data with

the aim of checking or as a comparison of the research data obtained.

Interview

observation Data Source are the

Picture 2. Data Tringualation (Sugiyono, 2015)

The triangulation technique used in this research is source triangulation,

according to Sugiyono who revealed that source triangulation is to compare and cross-

check the degree of confidence of information obtained through diffrent time and

tools in qualitative research.

2. Transferabiliy

According to Sugiyono (2015), he explained that the transferability test is a

technique for testing external validity in qualitative research. In order to apply the

transferability test in the research, the researcher will later provide a clear and

systematic description of the research results.

According to Prastowo (2012), this dependebility test is often referred to as

reliability in quantative research. Quality test in qualitative resarch are carried out

by auditing the entire process in the research.

4. Comfirmability

According to Sugiyono (2015), explained that the comfirmability test is a test

of objectivity in qualitative research, research can be said to be objective. If this

reserach has been agreed upon by many people. Prastowo (2012) also said that

testing comfirmability means testing the results of reseach associated with the

research process carried out in this test. In this test, the researcher will re-test the

data obtained about what strategies are carried out by or used by the teacher in

teaching English at Babo Junior High School.