RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME MANAGEMENT AND WORKING

EXPERIENCE OF SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS IN ALUBIJID

A Quantitative Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of

Alubijid National Comprehensive High School
Senior High School
Alubijid, Misamis Oriental

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Members:
James Ray V. Buray

Princess Shane Buhia

Jesa Llagas

Hazel Naquila

Humphrey Agbalog
 Chapter I

Introduction
Background of the study

Students have a different status in life. Money plays a big role in

students’ education because it helps the learner to supply the needs of studying. In

this pandemic situation, some learners opt to stop studying because they have no

financial capabilities in buying technology such as Smartphone, laptops or tablet. On

the other hand, some students’ initiative is to stand independently and seek for a job

or personal business to be able to supply the needs of education.

Time management technique plays a big role for working students to balance

academics and work. Lillydahl (1990) reported that students working more than 15-

20 hours per week are absent from school more frequently, and have lower GPAs.

The possibility is high of students that will withdraw from studying because of

preoccupancy. Without time management of working students academic

achievement will be deprive.

Nowadays, it is very rampant to observe students who combine work and

studies on one hand, specifically high school students. According to Jonhston et al.

(2019), student age is the first major indicator for better grades regardless of working

status. Then, the factors of students’ self-perception on the effect of working on

academic performance matters a lot. Pessimistic students believe in the negative

impact of combining work and academics. On the other hand, an optimistic student,

academic standing is important.

According to Mounsey et al. (2013), there is no significant differences in

depression between working and non-working students, however, working students

displayed more signs of anxiety than non-working students and reported more

stress. The mental issues of working students are justifiable because they are multi-

tasking between work and studies. For instance, the parent of the student has no

financial capabilities of sustaining their child’s education so, the initiative of the

student to stand independently will forced them to apply for work or have a personal

small business that will eventually lead them to be depressed, stress, and develop

anxiety.

The teachers should be aware of their students’ life status or working status.

Williams (1995) found that working students who were better accommodated by their

teachers were able to improve their performance remarkably. In this pandemic, the

number of part-time or full-time working students increased among high school

students. According to the study of Green and Jaquess (1987), there are no

significant difference in the accumulated GPA of working students and unemployed

students. However, students without work scored significantly higher on ACT.

Moreover, the findings of the study do not imply the negative impact of working on

academic achievement.

Statement of the problem

Specifically, this study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the extent of the working experience of the student?

2. What is the time management technique of the working student?

3. Is there a significant difference between years/months of working experience and time

management among the working students?
Objective of the study

General Objectives

This study will seek to determine the relationship of working students and
academic achievement among Senior High School students

Specific Objectives

Specifically, this study will aim to:

To determine the extent of the working experience of the student

To determine the time management technique of the working student

To assess the significant difference between years/months of working experience and time

management among the working students

Scope and Limitation of the study

The limitation of the study includes (1) the study will not cover other students

that are not considered as a working students. (2) Only Senior high school students

were being studied not the whole students in ANCHS. (3) Respondents are only from

ANCHS.

Significance of the Study

The study will benefit the following:

Working students will be able to know how to manage time between work and study.

Teachers will know how to provide complete awareness and directions for the

working student and for the future researchers; they can use this as reference and

expound the boundary of the study

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following are defined conceptually

and operationally:

Working experience refers to how long the student have been working while studying

in months or years.

Time management refers to the progress of arranging and designing on how you use

time between multiple activities.

Working students refer to someone who mainly works and is also studying.
 Chapter II
Review of Related Literature

Time management as a working student

Working students this are the students who are attending school and are

working at the same time. Being a working student you need to make a lot

effort especially on their work and also on complying on their works at school

too. Being a working student is really hard and exhausting at the same time

since they need to carefully balance their time on working and learning at the

same time. Managing time and balancing life, work, and education is never

easy. Balancing time can sometimes feel impossible but if you try hard on

managing it you can make it. That’s why some working students really do their

best to be able to manage their time well and balance it so that they will avoid

being behind in the class too. According to Mercanlioglu (2010) students who

are not employing time management tactics have significantly lower academics

compared to those who applies time management, they have considerably

high academics. Practicing time management is proven to be the top indicators

on achieving high academics. Working students for example also had a hard

time dealing with time management. According to Yilmaz, Yoncalik, and

Bektas (2006) they said that majority of the students has moderate time

management skills, and only small portion of students has high level of time
management skills. Many empirical studies done by past researchers also says

that time management practices really have an impact on the student’s

academic. But, according to Sevari and Kandy (2011) even if the students

know that time management has a good impact on academic achievements,

this relationship are not given importance by the students.

Student's motivation and experience of working while studying

The study by Steinberg et al. (1981) implies that students that engaged in

part-time and full-time employment are rampant in this generation. In the past years,

more studies found that team cooperation, customer care, communication, and

practical skills can be easily develop by working students according to Lucas and

Lammont (1998) and Curtis and Lucas ( 2001). Abenoja et al. (2019) approves that

the motivation of working students is to support self financially, to improve as an

individual and other motivation such as family. The study clarify that financial

support is the number one driving force of students. Most of the reason why student

insist to work is because of the money. Seeking for real-world job experience for the

future is another motivation behind students’ independent actions based on Tumin

and Faizuddin (2017) study.

Students can easily develop intellectual capacity and interest because of the

experience the student have in working Curtis and Shani (2002) and Curtis and

William (2002). According to the study conducted by Watts and Pickering (2000),

working part-time and studying full-time has plenty of beneficial outcomes; students

generally viewed part-time employment as an essential engagement to survive in the

field of education. From the research of Manthei and Gilmore (2005), students that
work part-time don’t have an ample time for studying. Also, Jogaratnam and

Buchanan (2004) specified that new students who choose to do a part-time job while

having full-time academic load was most likely to suffer from stress and sleep

deprivation.

Impacts of working on student’s academic achievement

University teachers and students are more interested in understanding the

causes, problems, and other factors that affect working student study patterns and

academic success. Working students have less time to study due to their hectic

schedules, which affects their academic performance. Working while studying has

been shown to improve happiness according to Bongo et al. (2020). This is because

working part-time can help college students pay basic expenses, reduce financial

strain on their parents, boost employability after graduation, provide opportunity to

learn practical skills, and promote networking with supervisors, coworkers, and

professors acoording to Callender (2008) and Pinto, Parente, and Palmer, (2001)

and Wang et al. (2010).

It’s also possible that student employment has a detrimental impact on

student satisfaction. This is because, according to Coleman’s (1961) zero-sum

model, student employment or time spent earning may result in less time spent on

studying, school activities, and social gatherings with family and friends.

As a result, pupils’ attitudes about individuals who work are likely to suffer. To

put it another way, several scholars have presented explanations for how working

while in college might contribute to decreased time spent studying, missing courses,

being late for classes, and having difficulty learning. Having difficulty concentrating in
class, accessing university services such as little libraries and computer laboratories

less frequently, and feeling tired based on the studies of Curtis (2007) and Moreau

and Leathwood (2006).

In summary, working students’ life is proportion to time. Students with proper

time management, performs well in school. Otherwise, a working student with poor

time management produces negative outcomes on academic achievement. Some

studies say that working while studying doesn’t affect the academic achievement of

the students. Some studies also say that it depends on the work status of the

students that affects academic achievement.

Most of the students driving force that working while studying is a must is

about the financial problems. A study also says that through working students

develop essential skill such as team cooperation, customer care, communication,

and practical skills. The experience of students while working enhance and improve

academic knowledge. Working students viewed work as a necessary part for life and

education.
Conceptual Framework

Independent Dependent

Time Management

Academic Achievement
Working Students

Performance in Class
Hypotheses:

1. H0: There is no significant difference in the academic standing and as a

working student.

H1: There is a significant difference in the academic standing and as a working

student.

2. H0: There is no significant relationship between working students and time

management.

H1: There is a significant relationship between working students and time

management.

3. H0: There is no significant relationship between the work of student and academic
achievement.

H1: There is a significant relationship between the work of student and academic
achievement.
 Chapter III

Methodology
This chapter presents and describes the research design, setting,

respondents, sampling procedure, research instrument, data gathering procedure,

and statistical treatment.

Research Design

This study makes use of descriptive - survey research design. Descriptive -

survey research will include studies give pertinent information about the elements

that were prevailing in the present times. It describes and interprets what is. It is

concern with the existing condition, on-going processes, perceived effects and

developing trends.

Research setting and respondents

The study will be conducted at Poblacion, Alubijid, Misamis Oriental in Alubijid

NCHS through online. The respondents of the study were thirty (35) Senior High

school students of Alubijid National Comprehensive High School to extract the

statistical data about the relationship between working students and academic

achievement.

Sampling procedure

The sampling procedure that will be used in this study is non-probability

purposive sampling. A type of sampling in which the researcher selects units to be

observed on the basis of the researcher judgment about which one will be useful or

representative. “This allow researcher to describe the major impact their findings

have on the population” according to ALCHEMER (2021).

Research Instrument

The researchers will use online pre-made questionnaires as instrument to

gather data. The researcher questionnaire was from Britton and Tesser (1991)
Effects of time-management practices on college grades. The questionnaire has
enough items to cover and answer the questions under the statement of the
problem. Then the researchers will distribute the questionnaire’s link to the
respondents through messenger; group chats or private message.

Data gathering procedure

After the researchers find valid questionnaire through online, the researcher

will use Google forms as survey questionnaire for the respondents to answer. The

Google forms will be sent through messenger. The researchers will ask every

section in senior high to know some working students. Then the researcher will

explain the details to help the respondents accomplish the survey. The result of the

respondents’ response will be tabulated and the data will be analyze and interpret by

the researchers.

Statistical Treatment

The statistics that will be use in the study is descriptive statistics to find out
the time management factors of the students. The 4-point Likert scale was used to
assess the working students in short-range planning, time attitudes, long-range
planning factors which they have the freedom to choose from Never, Sometimes,
Frequently, and Always.