Activity 7

Name: Argefe Llanos Juegos Date: 16/11/2021

Name of Instructor: Elma Melicor Lumantas
Class Schedule: TFR /1-2:30 PM

SET A. IDENTIFICATION. Identify the appropriate words. (10 pts)

Spanish-American War

Meanwhile, Spanish-American relations were turning for the worse. The Cuban Revolution had drawn the
US side of the Cuban rebel, for American __(1)__ interests in the island was paramount. Conflicts deepened when
the Spanish Ambassador caught writing letter to his friend that USA President __(2)__ was a weakling politician.
Moreover, the US warship __(3)__ blown up at Havana Harbor on __(4)__.

Thus, when the war was declared, __(5)__, Commander of the American Asiatic Squadron, rushed to
Manila as he was already positioned in Hongkong. In the early morning of __(6)__, the naval battle in Manila Bay
began.

Later, Emilio Aguinaldo and other Filipinos organized the proclamation of Philippine’s Independence on
__(7)__. Finally, after __(8)__ years of Spanish domination, Philippines obtained her independence. However, USA
and Spain were negotiating for the cessation of hostilities. Finally, on  December 10, 1898, the __(9)__ was signed
concluded that Philippines ceded by the US in behalf of the amount __(10)__.

1. Vast Investments 2. William McKinley

3. Maine 4. February 15, 1898
5. Rear Admiral George Dewey 6. May 1 1898
7. July 12 1898 8. 333
9. Treaty of Paris 10. $20 Million

B. POEM ANALYSIS. (20 pts).

What does Rudyard Kipling mean by “the White Man’s burden”?

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Rudyard Kipling intends to express in his poem that white imperialism and colonialism is
a "burden" in moral terms. A "burden" that the white race must take up in order to help
the non-whites develop civilization.

What are some of the advantages, according to Kipling, that colonial person received under the
European role?
“Full the mouth of famine
And bid the sickness cease”

Rudyard Kipling believed that a colonial person benefits from their captors is the
capability to help them overcome famine and feed those starving ones, giving them the
needs and will protect and mend them from sicknesses.

What evidence can you find in the poem to indicate that colonial peoples were opposed to European
rule?

The blame of those ye better,

The hate of those ye guard–
The cry of host ye humour

It signifies that the native people will only respond with spite and blame, even when the
colonizers protected them and helped them attain a civilized country.

THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN

The United States and the Philippine Islands

Take up the White Man’s burden –

Send forth the best ye breed –
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need;
To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild –
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child.

Take up the White Man’s burden –

In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
And check the chow of pride;
By open speech and simple,
An hundred times made plain.
To seek another’s profit,
And work’s another gain.

Take up the White Man’s burden-

The savage wars of peace –
Fill full mouth of Famine
And bid the sickness cease;
And when your goal is nearest
The end for others sought;
Watch Sloth and heathen Folly
Bring all your hope to nought . . . .

Take up the White Man’s burden –

Ye dare not stoop to less –
Nor call to loud on Freedom 106
To cloak your weariness;
By all ye cry or whisper,
By all ye leave or do,
The silent, sullen peoples
Shall weigh your Gods and you. . . .
Follow-up questions:

How did President McKinley’s views resemble those of Kipling? From what have you read in the
texts, were Kipling’s and McKinley’s views representative of most Americans at that time?

President McKinley's views resemble and mirrors the poem of Kipling. In fact, Rudyard Kipling's poem
was a rousing call for the United States to engage in Savage wars, because of the poem's influence
President McKinley was encourage to continue imperialism. Rudyard Kipling believed that the colonized
should acknowledge their inferiority and embrace their ruled status.

In addition to that, even though they're people who inveighed against imperialism just like William
Jennings Bryan who campaigned for peace, prohibition, and suffrage and increasingly criticized the
teaching of evolution. However, there are few existing evidences that proved that Kipling and McKinley's
beliefs and views about imperialism represents most of the Americans that time with the following
reasons:

●At that time there was a perceived need of United States’ business and they just recovered from an
economic downturn and in need for new global markets. Most of the American people concurred with the
idea of Imperialism due to this reason.
● President McKinley wouldn't take a move without the citizen’s opinion. There was a public indignation
due to the Spanish forces that kept on colonizing nations, it brought pressure upon the President for war.
●The American people were encouraged by Kipling's poem. Kipling meant to his poem that it is their
responsibility to colonize the Philippines and to bring the light of civilization, to feed the starving people
and to fight diseases among them.
●Most of the American people participated in the so called "Savage wars" and didn't even showed
remorse to the colonized people just for their unjust desires.
●Most of the leaders and Generals agreed to the practice of Imperialism and to annex Philippines,
thus, this represents the views and opinions of the most American citizens that they're really also into the
idea of extending power and domination.
●From the verse
"Send forth the best ye breed-
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives need."
This context signifies the idea that this task will require best people in society to go forth and to another
land, with an entire generation of young men essentially being exiled and to serve the foreign people that
they themselves conquered.
This idea and command was executed by many. The United States send many soldiers for the American-
Philippine war just for a mere belief that it as an act of benevolence. It manifested that the American
people were really dedicated in to it.

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SET C. DOCUMENTARY FILM REVIEW (20 pts).

Give your brief review about the Balangiga Massacre in 1901 based on I-witness's documentary
film entitled “Balangiga: A Tale of Two Nations” (2018). Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bt3-
ZPkBx1E

Let’s take a sit and delve deeper with one of the significant events that happened in our history.
In December 26, 2018 GMA I-witness released their consequential historic documentary entitled
"Balangiga: A Tale of Two Nations". It is a documentary intended to commemorate the historic
event of a particular city in Samar or the known "Balangiga City" and the sentiment   that these
Balangiga bells holds in our patriotic hearts. It also a documentary for the welcome of the three
bells that was once stolen from its sacredness. 

The moment these eyes of mine had seen the beginning scenes of the documentary, it made me
intrigued, wanting to seek the background story of these bells, I took time and navigated my
research. As I scrolled down the website I apprehended why the Samar residents weeps in joy as
they welcome these significant objects.

The story begins when 117 years ago, the American colony reached the island of Samar, the
people welcomed them well and treated them nicely. At first it was such in serene, but the bloody
conflict sparked when 2 American soldiers were molesting a girl who were just selling coconut
wine. It served as the beginning of war when this predicament lead into the mistreatment of
Americans into the Samar residents. First they detained every men in that city and starved them
for whole night, and then commanded them to clean the city the day after. Americans also
destroyed their fields, their crops, cutting the trees so that every enemy that will dwell the island
will be spotted quickly through the vastness. Due to that reason the Filipinos planned to uprise
against the abusive colonizers.

Everything went according to their plan. As the bells rang, men with bolos and hand weapons
took their sudden attacked unto the American soldiers, guards and patrols. Many among the
Americans died, it was brutal for them that it was dubbed as the America's "worst single defeat" in
the hand of the Filipinos.
However, even with the great achievement and rejoice that the Filipinos attained after that bloody
conflict, the American took their step of revenge and attacked Samar, specifically Balangiga with
their advanced military machineries. The attacked city was in chaos as Brigadier General Jacob
Smith ordered to burn Balangiga City and kill male citizens ages 10 and above. The General even
commanded his soldiers to turn the city into a howling wilderness. The church was also burned
but the 3 bells of Balangiga was took by the Americans. ‘Twas the time when these 3 bells were
ripped from the hands of Balangiga people– the bells that were once hold its essence of
sacredness now become a war and military loot, representing a victory trophy.

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One that also caught my attention is the zealous role of a woman. From an article of ABS-CBN and
an interview of the award-winning journalist Jeff Canoy, the woman behind the success of
Balangiga revolution was a Catholic prayer leader and a dedicated sister named Casiana
Nacionales. I really admired how she assisted and guided the revolution.  She's indeed an unsung
hero, a courageous role model that signifies that women does have the strength and wisdom to be
a leader. In addition to that, one of the heroes that was mentioned in the Valeriano Abanador also
showed his fearless heart for his country, guiding his countrymen to stand on their feet and fight
for their rights.

In addition to that, the production of the documentary was really good, the people that
participated  to it and  how it was narrated. The participation and interview of Rolando Borrinaga,
a historian, made this documentary wholesome. I observed that he is really into
imparting knowledge of history to everyone, the way he narrate the scenes was intrusive. It
somehow made me imagine of what really happened in the past and with how Sandra Aguinaldo
also articulated her lines will brought interest to the audience.
I was also amazed of the production surely made the participation of the relatives, the sons or
daughters of the Balangiga heroes.
One of them is Feliciano Graza, relative of the late Pedro Duran. The way he shared what he knew
made think of who and what Pedro Duran is, that in spite of having a close American friend in that
opposing colony he still chose to serve and prevailed his loyalty to his dear country.

The animation of this documentary is also on its Excellency. It made me picture out and
apprehend the plot of how the insurrection happened. It gave me images in my mind making the
documentary interactive and very informative. Just like the scenes, the camera movement and
angles in the first scene where the crowd is gathering in a military truck with 3 wooden boxes.
Just like movies it also radiates suspense, catching the attention of the viewers and indeed, a
good introduction of a documentary. In the process of being intrigued that prompts on seeking
information about what is happening, I learned that those 3 bells aren't just ordinary bells. They
are the symbol of braveness, patriotism and Filipino wisdom of those Balangiga heroes. It also
came to my thought that as the bells are now finally home where they belong and even though the
modern residence or the people of Balangiga didn't saw the bells many centuries ago and they
weren't present at that time of the insurrection, they still weep, rejoice and give honour to those
bells because it is the way of valuing and honouring those lives of the unsung national heroes. 

In the end, this isn't just a tale about the bells. This is a story of the two nations' shared history,  as
well as Filipinos' bravery in standing up to more powerful subjugator.

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SET D Comparison (10 pts)

The Cooper and Jones Laws provided the first steps towards autonomy and independence by
allowing Filipinos to participate in self-government. Compare the provisions of these two laws and look for
significant changes between them. How did the Jones Law expand Filipino participation in the
government?

The significant Changes between the Jones Law and the Cooper is that the Jones laws serves as
the upgraded law of Cooper act as the significant sections in Jones law replaced the Philippine
Commission with an elective senate and with minimum property qualifications, it also extended
the franchise to all literate Filipino make. And lastly the law also incorporates bill or rights.

Since the Jones Law particularly established the Philippine Legislature, it promoted to the first
and formal and official declaration of UN's Federal Government to grant independence to the
Philippines. Thus, entrusting the control of the domestic affairs, into the hands of the Filipinos
without impairing the rights of sovereignty. Basically speaking, it serves as the attainment of the
Filipinos in the full control of Governance in the Philippines.

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