Problem Set - Single Phase AC Circuits

Basic Electrical Engineering (Code: EE-1000) January 16, 2022

Department of EE, NIT Rourkela

1. A series RL circuit consists of a pure inductor and a pure resistor connected in series. The
expressions of voltage and current in the circuit are given by

v(t) = 230 sin(314t + 45◦ ) V i(t) = 23 sin(314t − 30◦ ) A

Find (a) the impedance of the circuit, the values of (b) R, (c) L, (d) PF and the PF Angle,
(e) active and reactive powers drawn from the supply, (f) the voltage drops across the resistor
vR (t), VR and the inductor vL (t), VL , (g) draw the phasor diagram.

2. A series RLC circuit consists of a pure inductor of 10 mH, pure √ capacitor of 300 µF and a
pure resistor of 5 Ω connected in series across a voltage of 230 2 sin 314t.
Find (a) the impedance of the circuit, (b) current drawn from the supply, (c) PF and the
PF angle, (d) active and reactive powers drawn from the supply, (e) the voltage drops across
each element, (f) draw the phasor diagram.

3. A resistor of 250 Ω is connected in series with a 1.5 H inductor, across a 100 V, 50 Hz supply.
Calculate (a) the current flowing, (b) the power factor and the power factor angle, (c) the
voltage drop across each element, (d) the active, reactive and apparent power, (e) draw the
phasor diagram.
Solution:

Figure 1: Problem 1.

(a) Applied voltage V is 1006 0o

Impedance of the circuit is Z = R + jωL = (250 + j314 × 1.5) Ω

= (250 + j471) Ω = 533.246 62o Ω

V
Current f lowing through the circuit is I = = 187.56 -62o mA
Z
(b) Power factor of the circuit is cos(−62o ) = 0.469, and power factor angle is -62o .

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(c) VR = R × I = 46.886 -62o V , VL = jXL × I = 88.46 28o V

(d)
∗
S = V × I = 1006 0o × 0.18756 62 = (8.8 + j16.56) V A = (P + jQ)

Therefore, S = 18.75 VA, P = 8.8 W, Q = 16.56 VAr

4. A coil of resistance 15 Ω and inductance of 25 mH carries a current of 575 mA when connected

to a 200 Hz ac supply. Determine the supply voltage. [20 V]

5. Two separate tests were carried out on a coil. First when the coil is connected to a 48 V dc
supply, current flowing through the coil is 4 A. Then it was connected to 48 V, 100 Hz ac
supply and the current flowing is 1.6 A. Find the resistance and inductance of the coil. [12
Ω, 43.8 mH]

6. A 220 µF capacitor and a 5 Ω resistor are connected in series across a 110 V 60 Hz supply.
Calculate (a) impedance of the circuit, (b) the circuit current and phase angle, (c) the circuit
power factor, (d) the active and reactive powers. [(a) 13.056 − 67.5, (b) 8.36 67.5o A, (c)
0.383, (d) 349.4 W, −843.5 VAr.]

7. A 4.7 Ω resistor is connected in series with a 110 µF capacitor across a 150 V ac supply. If
the circuit current is 15.4 A, calculate (a) the frequency of the supply, (b) the voltage drop
across the capacitor with phase angle. [(a) 170 Hz, (b) 131.36 − 29o V]

8. A coil of resistance 8 Ω and inductance 150 mH, is connected in series with a 100 µF capacitor,
across a 240 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Calculate (a) the circuit current and phase angle, (b) the
circuit power factor, (c) the voltage drop across the coil with angle, (d) the voltage across
the capacitor with angle, (e) the active and reactive powers. [(a) 13.96 − 62.3o A, (b) 0.465,
(c) 664.16 18.1o V, (d) 442.76 − 152.3 V, (e) 1.55 kW, 2.95 kVAr.]

9. An RC circuit consists 47 µF capacitor in series with 22 Ω resistor is connected to a 250

V, 50 Hz supply. Determine (a) the current with phase angle, (b) the power factor, (c) the
values of apparent, active and reactive powers. [(a) 3.56 72o A, (b) 0.31, (c) 875 VA, 270.4
W, −832.2 VAr.]

10. The stator winding of a single-phase ac motor consuming 250 W at a lagging power factor of
0.537 when connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate (a) the current drawn with angle,
(b) the resistance and inductance of the winding. [Hint: P = V I cos θ. (a) 1.946 − 57.5o A,
(b) 66.4Ω, 332 mH]

11. A circuit draws a power of 2.5 kW at a leading power factor of 0.866. Calculate the apparent
power and the reactive component of power. [2.89 kVA, 1.44 kVAr]

12. Calculate the reactance of a series connected capacitor of 47 µF and an inductor of 50 mH

at the following frequencies. (a) 50 Hz, (b) 200 Hz, (c) 5 kHz, and (d) 300 kHz.

13. A 24 V 400 Hz ac supply is connected, in turn, to the following components. (a) a 560 Ω
resistor, (b) a pure inductor of 20 mH, and (c) a pure capacitor of 220 pF. For each case,
calculate the current flow and power dissipation.

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14. A coil of inductance 85 mH and resistance 75 Ω is connected to a 120 V, 200 Hz supply.

Calculate (a) the impedance, (b) the circuit current, (c) the circuit phase angle and power
factor, (d) the power dissipated.

15. An alternating voltage v(t) = 180 sin(628.4t − 12o ) V is applied to a circuit of 39 Ω resistor
connected in series with 47 µF capacitor. Calculate (a) the circuit current with angle, (b)
the voltage drop across the resistor and the capacitor with angle, (c) the power dissipated,
(d) the power factor. [(a) 2.466 29o A, (b) 96.116 29o V, 83.46 − 61o V, (c) 236 W, (d) 0.755
leading.]

16. A 75 Ω resistor is connected in series with a 15 µF capacitor. If this circuit is supplied at 180
V, 100 Hz, calculate (a) the impedance, (b) the current, (c) the power factor, (d) the power
dissipated.

17. A 6 Ω resistor is connected in parallel with an inductor of 8.4 mH across a 110 V, 150 Hz
supply. Calculate (a) the current in each branch with angles, (b) the supply current with
angle, (c) the circuit phase angle, (d) the circuit impedance, (e) the active and reactive
powers. [(a) 18.36 0o A, 13.96 − 90o A, (b) 236 − 37.2o A, (c) 37.2o , (d) 4.86 37.2o Ω, (e)
2015.2 W, 1529.64 VAr.]

18. A pure inductance of 120 mH is connected in parallel with a 85 µF capacitor and the network
is connected to a 100 V, 50 Hz supply. Determine (a) the branch currents with angles, (b)
the supply current and its phase angle, (c) the circuit impedance, and (d) the total reactive
power consumed/delivered. [(a) 2.656 − 90o A, 2.676 90o A, (b) 0.0196 − 90o A ≈ 0 A, (c)
5789.56 90o Ω, (d) almost zero.]

19. Repeat Problem 19 for the condition when the frequency is changed to 150 Hz.

20. A coil of inductance 159.2 mH and resistance 40 Ω is connected in parallel with a 30 µF

capacitor across a 240 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate (a) the current in the coil and its phase
angle, (b) the current in the capacitor and its phase angle, (c) the supply current and its
phase angle, (d) the circuit impedance, (e) the active power consumed, (f) the apparent
power, (g) the reactive power. Draw the phasor diagram. [(a) 3.756 − 51.3o A, (b) 2.266 90o
A, (c) 2.446 − 15.9o A, (d) 98.456 15.9o Ω, (e) 585.6 VA, 563.2 W, 160.43 VAr.]

21. A coil of inductance 12 mH and resistance 3 Ω is connected in parallel with a 220 µF capacitor
and is supplied at 400 V, 50 Hz. Determine (a) the current in the coil and its phase angle,
(b) the current in the capacitor and its phase angle, (c) draw to scale the phasor diagram and
measure the supply current and its phase angle; check the answer by calculation. Determine
(d) the circuit impedance and (e) the power consumed.

22. A single-phase motor takes 50 A at a power factor of 0.6 lagging from a 240 V, 50 Hz supply.
Determine (a) the current taken by a capacitor connected in parallel with the motor to correct
the power factor to unity, (b) the value of the supply current after power factor correction.
[(a) Hint: Ic = Reactive component of motor current = I sin θ = 40 A, Xc = 240/40 = 6 Ω
(b) 30 A.]

23. A motor has an output of 4.8 kW, an efficiency of 80% and a power factor of 0.625 lagging
when operated from a 240 V, 50 Hz supply. It is required to improve the power factor to
0.95 lagging by connecting a capacitor in parallel with the motor. Determine (a) the current

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taken by the motor, (b) the supply current after power factor correction, (c) the current taken
by the capacitor, (d) the capacitance of the capacitor, (e) the kVAr rating of the capacitor.
[Hint: Input Power = 9600 VA, I = 40 A, I cos θ = 25 A, I sin θ = 31.2 A. For 0.95 pf lag,
Reactive current/Active current = tan θnew , tan θnew = tan cos−1 0.95 and Active component
remains same = 25 A. Therefore, reactive component of current = 25 × tan cos−1 0.95 = 8.22
A. (31.2-8.22) = 22.98 A is supplied by the parallel connected capacitor. (a) Current taken
by motor = 406 − 51.3o A, (b) (25+j8.22) A, (c) capacitor current = 22.98 A, (d) 240/22.98
= 305 µF, (e) 5515.2 VAr.]

24. A 250 V, 50 Hz single-phase supply feeds the following loads (i) incandescent lamps taking a
current of 10 A at unity power factor, (ii) fluorescent lamps taking 8 A at a power factor of 0.7
lagging, (iii) a 3 kVA motor operating at full load and at a power factor of 0.8 lagging and (iv)
a capacitor. Determine, for the lamps and motor, (a) the total current, (b) the overall power
factor, (c) the total power. (d) Find the value of the static capacitor to improve the overall
power factor to 0.975 lagging. [(a) 106 0o +86 − cos−1 0.7o + 0.8×250
3000 6
− cos−1 0.8o = 27.86 6.8o
A, (b) 0.993, (c) 6901.4 W, (d) use method employed in problem 17.]

End