ASSIGNMENT X CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

1 WHY does carbon form covalent bond?

2 Define covalent bond and its types with examples.
3 Give 4 reasons for large numbers of compounds of carbon.
4 Define functional group , homologous series, isomerism, &
catenation.
5 Draw the isomers of butane & pentane.
6 Identify the functional group, give IUPAC name , & draw
structure of the given compounds. CH3CH2OH , HCHO,
CH3COOH, CH3CH2Br, C6H12, C5H12, CH3COCH3.
7 Name the fourth member of seroes having general formula
CnH2n
8 Write 3 charactertistics of homologous series.
9 Differentiate between the allotropes of carbon.
10 (a) Calculate the difference in the molecular formula for (i)
CH3OH & C2H5OH (ii) C2H5OH & C3H7OH (iii) C3H7OH &
C4H9OH
(b) Is there any similarities between these series.
(c)Arrange in increasing order with name.
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 CLASS X CHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT
CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Q1. Write the IUPAC names of the following?

(a) CH3OH.
(b) CH3COOH.
Q2. Which two of the following compounds could belong to the same homologous series?
(a) C2H6O2.
(b) C2H6O.
(c) C2H6.
(d) CH4O.

Q3. Write the names of any two alkanes along with their structural and electron dot
structures.

Q4. The structural formula of an ester is given below .write its I.U.P.A.C name

Q5. Fermentation of sugar solutions with enzymes is being carried out in a vessel at 20oC to

30oC in the presence of air. Which organic compound will be produced in this process?

Q6. Write the structural formula of ethane and show all the covalent bonds present in it.

Q7. The molecular formula of two member of a homologous series is C5H12 and C2H10. Write the

molecular formula of a member having three carbon atoms in its molecules.

Q8. What is meant by a functional group in an organic compound? Give the structural
formula of the functional groups in :
(a) Acetic acid.
(b) Ethyl alcohol.

Q9. How does acetic acid and ethyl alcohol react when warmed together in presence of a
small quantity of concentrated sulphuric acid? Write the chemical equation for the reaction
taking place.

Q10. Name the products formed when methane burns in :

(a) Sufficient supply of air.
(b) Insufficient supply of air.
Write the chemical equations for above reactions.

Q11. How is an ester prepared in the lab? Write its one use in daily life.

Q12. What are synthetic detergents? Give one example of synthetic detergent. Write its
two advantages over soap.

Q13. Describe soap making process in laboratory.

Q14. A hydrocarbon 'A' is obtained by cracking of kerosene. Identify the hydrocarbon.

What happens when it reacts with bromine water? Write chemical equation for the
reaction.

Q15. Give any one test to distinguish between methane and ethene gases in the lab.
Name the reaction by which ethene molecule can be converted into polythene.

Q16. Define isomerism. Write the structural formula and names of the isomers of butane.

Q17. Two compounds 'A' and 'B' have the same molecular formula C4H8O2. Compound 'A'
is an acid and compound 'B' has fruity smell. Suggest (1) chemical formulae and (2) the
structural formulae of the compounds A and B. Name the functional group of compound B.
What name would you give to the relationship between the compound A and B?
Q18. What is meant by homologous series? State any four characteristics.

Q19. What is saponification? Describe how soap is prepared in the laboratory. Explain the
cleansing action of soap.
Q20. What is fermentation? How is ethanol prepared by fermentation? Give two uses of
ethyl alcohol. What are the harmful effects of drinking alcohol?
.Q 21 Give reasons for the following :

a. Carbon form covalent bond by sharing electron.

b. Covalent compounds are in gaseous or liquid state at normal temperature and pressure.
c. Covalent compounds are bad conductors of electricity.
d. Diamond known as the hardest metal
e. Covalent compounds have less melting and boiling points
f. Diamond is not a good conductor of electricity

Q. 22Why does carbon has maximum tendency for catenation?

Q.23Give the names of the functional groups: (i) — CHO (ii) — OH

Q.24 Write the chemical formula of the simplest ketone.

Q.25 Write the formulae for the given compounds and name the functional groups present in
each of them:
(i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Propanone (iii) Ethanol.

Q 26An organic compound X with a molecular formula C2H6O undergoes oxidation with in
presence of alkaline KMnO4 to form a compound Y. X on heating in presence of Conc. H2SO4
at 443K gives Z. Which on reaction with H2Oin presence of H2SO4 gives back `X` `Z` reacts
with Br2 (aq) and decolorizes it. Identify X, Y, & Z and write the reactions involved.

Q 27 An organic compound ‘A’ is widely used as a preservative in pickles and has a molecular
formula C2H2O2. This compound reacts with ethanol to form a sweet smelling compound ‘B’.

(i) Identify the compound ‘A’

(ii) Write the chemical equation for its reaction with ethanol to form compound ‘B’.

(iii) How can we get compound ‘A’ back from ‘B’?

(iv) Name the process and write corresponding chemical equation.

(v) Which gas is produced when compound ‘A’ reacts with washing soda?

Q28 Hydrocarbon `X` and `Y` having molecular formulae C3H8 and C3H6 respectively. Both
are burnt in different spatula on the Bunsen flame. Indicate the color of the flame produced by
`X` and `Y`. Identify `X` and `Y`. Write the structural formulae.

1. A compound `X` has molecular formula C4H10. It undergoes substitution reaction

readily than addition reaction. It burns with blue flame and is present in LPG. Identify
`X` and give the balanced equation for its combustion and substitution reaction with Cl2
in presence of sunlight.

29`A` compound works well with hard water. It is used for making shampoos & products for
cleaning clothes. A is not 100% biodegradable and causes water pollution. `B` does not work
well with hard water. It is 100% biodegradable and does not create water pollution. Identify
A & B.

30An organic compound P with molecular formula C2H6Ois an active ingredient of all
alcoholic drinks. It is also used in medicines such as tincture iodine, cough syrups. Identify `P`.
Drop a small piece of sodium into the test tube containing `P`.A new compound `Q` is formed
with the evaluation of colorless and odorless gas Name the gas evolved and compound `Q` write
the chemical reaction.

31A cyclic compound `X` has molecular formula C6H6. It is unsaturated and burns with
sooty flame. Identify `X` and write its structural formula. Will it decolorize bromine water or not
and why?

32An organic compounds `A` is a constituent of antifreeze and has the molecular formula
C2H6O upon reaction with alkaline KMnO4, the compound `A` is oxidized to another `B` with
formula C2H6O2. Identify the compound A` and `B`. Write the chemical equation for the
reaction which leads to the formulation of `B`

33Two compounds `X` and `Y` have the same formula C2H4O2. One of them reacts with
sodium metal to liberate H2 and CO2 with NaHCO3. Second one does not reacts with Na metal
and NaHCO3 but undergo hydrolysis with NaOH to form salt of carboxylic acid and compound
`Z` which is called wood spirit. Identify `X`, `Y`, and`Z` and write chemical equation for the
reaction involved.

34A compound `X` with molecular formula C2H4 burns with a sooty flame. It decolourise
bromine water. Identify `X`. Will it dissolve in water or not? Will it conduct electricity in aq.
Solution? Will it have high melting point or low melting point?35Two Give a test that can be
used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.

35How will you distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid by a suitable chemical test? Write
chemical reactions involved.

36Complete the following reactions:-

1) CH3COOH + NaHCO3

2) HCOOH + CH3OH
3) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
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 Chapter-4
Worksheet-1

Q.1. A molecule of ammonia has

(a) Only single bonds
(b) Only double bonds
(c) Only triple bonds
(d) Two double bonds and one single bond

Q.2. Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel

catalyst form fats. This is an example of
(a) Addition reaction
(b) Substitution reaction
(c) Displacement reaction
(d) Oxidation reaction

Q.3. n which of the following compounds, − is the functional group?

(a) Butanone
(b) Butanol
(c) Butanoic acid
(d) Butanal

Q.4. Identify the unsaturated compounds from the following

(i) Propane
(ii) Propene
(iii) Propyne
(iv) Chloropropane
 (a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)

Q.5. Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature

in the
(a) Absence of sunlight
(b) Presence of sunlight
(c) Presence of water
(d) Presence of hydrochloric acid

Q.6. The fifth member of alcohol homologous series is

(a) Pentanal
(b) Pentanol
(c) Pentanone
(d) Propanol

Q.7. The property of carbon atom by virtue of which it forms bond with
other carbon atoms is called
(a) Chemical bonding
(b) Polymerisation
(c) Catenation
(d) Carbonisation
Q.8. − − ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ −

In the above given reaction, alkaline KMnO4 acts as

(a) reducing agent
(b) oxidising agent
(c) catalyst
(d) dehydrating agent

Q.9. Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of

(a) carbon monoxide only.
(b) carbon monoxide in traces and carbon dioxide.
(c) carbon dioxide only.
(d) coal.

Q.10. Vinegar is a solution of

(a) 50% - 60% acetic acid in alcohol
(b) 5% - 8% acetic acid in alcohol
(c) 5% - 8%/ acetic acid in water
(d) 50% - 60% acetic acid in water

Q.11. Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of propane,

.
Q.12. Which element exhibits the property of catenation to maximum
extent and why?

Q.13. Give the names of the functional groups:

(i) −
|
(ii) − = 0

Q.14. Write the molecular formula of (i) Methane and (ii) Ethanol.
Q.15. In an organic compound, which parts largely determine its physical
and chemical properties?
Q.16. Why is pure ethanoic acid called glacial ethanoic acid (or glacial
acetic acid)?
Q.17. What is vinegar?
Q.18. Which of the following are alkenes?
, ", , " #$% .
Q.19. A test tube contains a brown coloured liquid. The colour of the
liquid in test tube remains unchanged when methane is passed through it,
but disappears when ethene is passed. Which element is present in the
liquid?

Q.20. Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of homologous
series having general formula &
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 CHEMISTRY
CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
1. mark questions
1. Name of the organic compound, which can be produced by
fermentation of sugar and is a constituent of beer.
2. Name the main products formed when :
(i) Ethanol is oxidized by an alkaline solution of KMnO 4
(ii) Ethanol is heated with conc. H 2 SO 4
3. What is denatured alcohol
4. Name the product formed besides soap that is obtained during
saponification process.
5. The molecular formula of the consecutive members of a homologous
are C 6 H 14 and C 7 H 16 . Write the molecular formulae of members having
9 and 11 carbon atoms of this homologous series.
6. Write the names of functional groups present in (a) ethanol (b) ethanoic
acid.
7. The structural formula of an ester is C2H5COOH3
Write the molecular formula of the alcohol and acid from which it
would have been formed.
8. The molecular formulae of two members of a homologous series are
C 3 H 4 and C 6 H 10
9. Which of the following belonging to the same homologous series ? Why
? C3H8, C3H6, C4H8, C4H6.
10. What are addition reactions ? Give example
11. What is the difference between two consecutive members of a
homologous series.
(i) in terms of molar mass
(ii) in terms of number and kind of atoms ?
12. Complete the equation :C 2 H 5 COOH + NaOH heat
→
13. What type of bounds are present in hydrocarbons ? Why are they
insoluble in water ?
14. Why do some people add common salt during the preparation of soap ?
15. Why have detergents replaced soap as a washing agent ?
16. Explain why ethene decolourises bromine water whereas ethane does
not.
17. What is meant by saponification ?
18. What is vinegar ?
19. Give one advantage of daughter over soap. Why does soap form white
precipitate with hard water ?
20. What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number
of carbon compounds we see around us ?

2 mark questions

21. Give reason for the following :

(i) Burning of ethanol gives CO 2 while ethanol when oxidized with
alkaline KMnO 4 produces ethanoic acid.
(ii) Alcohol supplied for industrial purpose is mixed with copper
sulphate.
22. Complete the following equations and write the names of products
formed :
(i) C 3 H 7 COOH + NaOH heat
→
(ii) CH 3 OH + O 2 heat
→
23. Explain given reason : Detergents made up molecules, in which
branches is minimum, are preferred these days.
24. Name the product obtained and the chemical equations for oxidation of
ethanol to different stages.
25. Explain the cleansing action of soaps with diagram.
26. An organic compounds 'A' is a constituent of antifreeze. The compound
on heating with oxygen forms another compounds B which has a
molecular formula C 2 H 4 O 2 . Identify the compound 'A' and 'B'. Write
the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place to form the
compound 'B'.
27. Compound 'X' is a symmetrical gaseous hydrocarbon. Its molecular
mass in 28. Write the chemical reaction of 'X' with H 2 gas in Nickel.
28. An organic compound 'X' which is sometimes used as an anti-freeze has
the molecular formula C2H6O. 'X' on oxidation gives a compound 'Y'
which gives effervescene with a backing soda solution. What can 'X' and
'Y' be ? Write their structural formulae.
29. What are synthetic detergents ? Give one example of synthetic. Write its
two advantages over soap.
30. Why is mixture of water and alcohol used instead of water in radiators
of vehicles in clod counties ? Give one reasons.

3 mark questions

31. (a) Write the chemical equation representing the conversion of ethane.
(b) Name of product obtained when butanol is oxidized by acidified
K2Cr2O7.
32. What happens when ethanoic acid reacts with (i) Magnesium (ii)
Sodium carbonate and (iii) Sodium hydroxide ? Write the necessary
chemical equation in each case.
33. What are esters ? How are they formed ? Where do they occur in
nature ? Give one example.
34. Give an example each of (i) a straight chain hydrocarbon, (ii) branched
chain hydrocarbon and (iii) ring chain hydrocarbon.
35. What is an homologous series ? Explain with an example.
36. An organic compound ‘A’ has molecular formula C 3 H 8 O. This
compound, on heating with alkaline potassium permanganate or
acidified potassium dichromate, gives another organic compound ‘B’
which turns blue litmus red. Identify the compound ‘A’. Write chemical
equation of the reaction that takes place to form the compound ‘B’.
Name the compound ‘B’.
37. A neutral organic compound A of molecular formula C 2 H 6 O, on
oxidation with potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid, gives an
acidic compound B. The compound A reacts with B on warming in the
 presence of conc. H 2 SO 4 to give a sweet smelling substance C. Identify
A, B and C.
38. Three bottles without labels are known to contain ethanol, thanoic acid
and soap solution separately. How will you test which bottle contains
which substance ?
39. What will be the formula and electron dot structure of (a) cyclopentane
(b) ethanoic acid (c) propanone.
40. Draw the structure of the following compounds
(a) Bromopentane (b) Butanone (c) Hexanal
Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane ?

5 mark questions

41. Chemical compound ‘A’ is produced by heating ‘B’ with conc. H 2 SO 4 ,

‘B’ burns in air with blue flame to form CO 2 and H 2 O. On reacting with
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ‘B’ produced a compound ‘C’ which turns blue litmus red.
Identify the compounds A, B and C. Give their structures. Describe the
process of preparation of the compound ‘A’ from sugar.
42. Describe one method for the preparation of ethanoic acid. Give it’s two
chemical two physical properties and three uses.
43. What is saponification ? Describe how soap is prepared in the
laboratory. Explain the cleansing action of soap with diagram.

PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

1. mark questions
1. If an element with atomic number ‘A’ is an inert gas. In which group
would you find and element with atomic number (A – 1) ?
2. An element has atomic number 13. In which period and group it should
be placed ?
3. Element ‘A’ is an alkali metal. How many electrons would be present in
its outermost shell ?
4. Element ‘B’ is a halogen. How many electrons are present in its
outermost shell ?
5. Which of the two elements A (2, 8, 1) and B (2, 8, 8, 1) is more
electropositive ? Why ?
6. A, B, C and D have boiling points – 1880 C, 590 C, - 540 C and 1830 C
respectively. These belong to group 17. Name the element with highest
atomic number.
7. Indicate the elements which belong to the same group from their atomic
numbers as 9, 17, 24, 30, 35, 45.
8. What is the similarity in the electronic configuration of Mg, Ca and Sr ?
9. Name the members of alkaline earth family. Which out of them is
radioactive in nature ?
10. Which of the following species are isoelectronic in nature ?
(i) Ca2+ (ii) K (iii) Mg2+ (iv) S2- (v) Cl
11. How many groups and periods are present in the long form of periodic
table ?
12. How is metallic character of an element expressed ? How does it change
in period ?
13. An element ‘X’ belongs to the second group of periodic table. What is
the formula of its chloride ?
14. An element ‘B’ belongs to the second period and Group 13. Give the
formula of its oxide.
15. What are the names of Group 1 and Group 17 elements ?

2 mark questions

16. If an element with atomic number ‘A’ is an inert gas. In which group
would you find and element with atomic number (A + 2) ?
17. In the following set of elements, one element does not belong to the set.
Select this element and state why it does not belong to that set;
Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, chlorine, fluorine.
18. Consider the following elements :
Na, Ca, Al, K, Mg, Li
19. Calcium is an element with atomic number 20.
20. For the main group of periodic table given as follows:

1 2 13 14 15 17 17 18
H
A
C

(a) Which element if the most metallic ?

(b) Which atom is the largest ?
21. Why does atomic size progressively become smaller (atomic radius
decreases from Na to Cl) ?
22. The elements, chlorine, bromine and iodine have been put in the same
group on the basis of their similar chemical properties:
(c) What are those similar properties ?
(d) What is the common name of this group of family ?
23. Consider the following elements : Na, Ca, Al, Mg, K, Li
(a) Which of these elements belong the same period of the periodic
table ? Why ?
(b) Which of these elements belong to the same group of the periodic
table ? Why ?
24. Given below are the melting points and the atomic radii of three
element A, B and C of the periodic table each having ‘n’ electrons in the
outermost shell of their atoms.

Elements A B C
Melting points (0C) 180.3 97.6 63.5
Atomic radii (A0) 1.31 1.52 1.94
25. The atomic numbers of three elements A, B and C are given below:

Element A B C
Atomic Number 3 9 11

3 mark questions

26. The electronic configuration of an element X is

 K L M
2 8 6
(i) What is the group number of element X in the periodic table ?
(ii) What is the period number of element X in the periodic table ?
(iii) What is the number of valence electrons in an atom of X ?
27. The position of three elements X, Y and Z in the periodic table is given
below :
Group 16 Group 17
_________ Z
_________ Y
_________ _________
X _________
(a) State whether Z is a metal or a non-metal
(b) Will Z be large or smaller than X ?
(c) Which type of ion, cation or anion will be formed by element Z ?
28. Which of the following has bigger size ? Why ?
(i) Na or K (ii) C or N (iii) Cl or Br

29. Name two other elements which belong to the same family.
(i) Fluorine (ii) Calcium (iii) carbon
30. What are Dobereiner’s triads ? Explain with one example.

5 mark questions

31. A part of periodic table is given below. The elements lithium, carbon,
sulphur and argon have been placed in their correct position. The
positions of other elements are represented by hypothetical letters.

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
Lithium A B Carbon C D E F
I G Sulphur L Argon
J H M
K N
With reference to this table, answer the following :
 (a) Which of these has largest radius ?
(b) Which of these has electron configuration (2, 8, 4) ?
(c) What is the electron arrangement of J ?
(d) Name the family of elements represented by E, L, M and N
(e) Which of these is an alkaline earth metal ?
32. Two elements X and Y belong to groups 1 and 2 respectively in the
same period. Compare them with respect to
(a) the number of valence electrons
(b) valency
(c) metallic character
(d) size of the atoms
(e) formulae of their oxides and chlorides.
33. Write the electronic configurations of atoms of (a) potassium (K), (b)
lithium (Li), (c) fluorine (F), (d) chlorine (Cl). Atomic number of K is 19,
of Li is 3, of F is 9 and of Cl is 17. Use these electronic configurations to
explain why potassium is more reactive than lithium, and fluorine more
reactive than chlorine.

34. (a) What happens to basic character of oxides down the group and
why ?
(b) What happens to acidic character of oxides along the period and
why ?
(c) Which group elements can lose electrons most easily and why ?
35. Which element has
(a) two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons.
(b) The electronic configuration 2, 8, 2 ?
(c) A total of three shells, with four electrons in the valence shell ?
(d) A total of two shells, with three electrons in the valence shell ?
(e) Twice as many electrons in the second shell as in its first shell ?
 HOTS (High Order Thinking Skill) questions
“CARBON AND IT’S COMPOUNDS.”

1. Draw the structure of glyceride.

2. What do you mean by a multiple bond ? Show the formation of a
double bond in Ethane by electron dot stricture.
3. ‘X’ is a compound has very high melting point and is brittle while ‘Y’
has low melting point and is a gas. What are the types of compounds
‘X’ and ‘Y’ and differentiate them by the following two properties :
a) conductivity
b) solubility in water
4. Is combustion an oxidation reaction ? Explain with examples.
5. Bring out the following expressions:
a) Propanol to sodiumpropoxide
b) Ethanol to ethane
c) Ethene to ethane
d) Eethylethanoate to ethanol
e) Ethanol to ethanoic acid

6. Account for the spherical shape of micelles.

7. What is the state of micelle in solution ?
8. Identify A, B & C
A + CH 3 CH 2 OH → CH 3 – COOC 2 H 5 + C
CH 3 COOH + A → B + H 2 O + CO 2
9. Which form of energy is used for chlorination of methane ?
10. What is the difference in structure in between cyclohexane and
benzene?
11. Micelles stay in solution as a colloid and will not come together to
precipitate. Give reason.
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CLASS X SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER : CARBON AND ITS COMPOUND

1. Why does carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonding?

2. Name the three allotropes of carbon.
3. Which of the following compounds can have a triple bond?
C2H4 C3H4 C3H6
4. Which of the following compounds can have a double bond?
C 4 H 10 C5H8 C 5 H 10
5. Give the names of one saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and one unsaturated
cyclic hydrocarbon.
6. Write the molecular formula and structure of benzene.
7. Write the electron dot structure for the following compounds:
(1) H 2 (2) O 2 (3) N 2 (4)CO 2 (5) S 8 (6) H 2 O (7) NH 3 (8) CCl 4
(9)CH 4 (10) C 5 H 12 (11) C 4 H 8 (12)C 5 H 8 (13)C 7 H 12
(14)C 5 H 10 (15)Cyclopropane (16) Cyclobutane
(17)Cyclopentane (18)Cyclohexane (19)Benzene
8. Define the following with examples:
(a) Hydrocarbon.
(b)Saturated hydrocarbon.
(c )Unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(d)Homologous series.
(e)Functional group.
9. Write the IUPAC Name of the following:
(1) CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 – Cl
(2) C 3 H 7 Br
(3) C 2 H 5 I

1
 (4) CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH – CH 3
Cl
(5) CH 3 – CH 2 – OH
(6) CH 3 –CH – CH 2 – CH 3
(7) CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 - CH – CH 2 – CH 3
OH
(8) H – CHO
(9) CH 3 – CHO
(10) CH 3 – CH 2 - CHO
(11) C 5 H 11 – CHO
(12) C 2 H 5 – CH 3 – CHO
(13) H – COOH
(14) CH 3 – COOH
(15) CH 3 – CH 2 – COOH
(16) C 5 H 11 – COOH
(17) CH 3 – CO – CH 3
(18) C 2 H 5 – CO – CH 3
(19) C 2 H 5 – CO – CH 3
(20)C 3 H 7 – CO – C 2 H 5
10. Draw the structures & electron dot structures for the following:
(a) Propanone.
(b) Butanal.
(c ) Pentanal.
(d) Butanone.
(e) Butanoic acid.
(f) Pentanoic acid.
(g) Hexanal.
(i) Hexenol.
11. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reaction &why?
C2H6 C3H8 C3H6 C2H2 CH 4
12. Explain briefly the substitution reaction of methane with chlorine ?
13. Which of the following will give addition reaction and why?
C 4 H 10 C2H6 C2H4 CH 4 C3H8 C3H4
2
14. Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter
and cooking oil ?
15. Name two catalysts which can be used in the hydrogenation of
unsaturated compounds.
16. What happens when vegetable oils are hydrogenated?
17. State two disadvantages of incomplete combustion.
18. Explain why, ethene decolourises bromine water where as ethane does
not?
19. Name the product formed when hydrogen is added to ethane.
20. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
21. What is meant by a substitution reaction? Give an example (with
equation) of the substitution reaction of an alkane.
22. Name a liquid carbon compound which is being used as an additive in
petrol in some countries.
23. How is ethanoic acid obtained from ethanol? Write down the chemical
equation of the reaction involved.
24. A neutral organic compound is warmed with some ethanoic acid and a
little of cont. H 2 SO 4 vapours having sweet smell (fruity smell) are
evolved. What type of functional group is present in this organic
compound?
25. Explain why, methanol is much more dangerous to drink than ethanol?
26. What happens when sodium reacts with ethanol? (Give chemical
equation).
27. How is ethanoic acid obtained from ethanol? (Give chemical equation)
28. Complete the following equation:
CH 3 CH 2 OH
29. What is meant by denatured alcohol? What is the need to denature
alcohol?
30. An organic compound A is a constituent of wine and beer. This
compound on heating with alkaline potassium permanganate forms
another organic compound B which turns blue litmus to red. Identify
the compound A. Write the chemical equation of the reaction that
3
 takes place to form the compound B. Name the compound B.
31. A neutral organic compound X of molecular formula C 2 H 6 O on oxidation
with acidified potassium dichromate gives an acidic compound Y.
Compound X react with Y on warming in the presence of Con.H 2 SO 4 to
give a sweet smelling substance Z. What are X, Y and Z?
32. An organic compound X of molecular formula C 2 H 4 O 2 gives brisk
effervescence with NaHCO 3 . Give the name of the formula of X?
33. Which of the following will give brisk effervescence with NaHCO 3 & why?
CH 3 COOH CH 3 CH 2 OH
34. The structural formula of an ester is
HO H H
H-C-C-O-C-C-H
H H H
Write the formula of the acid and alchohol from which it is formed?
35. The molecular formula of an ester is C 3 H 7 COO 2 H 5 . Write the molecular
formula of the alchohol and the acid from which it might be prepared?
36. Explain the cleansing action of soap?
37. What is a soap? Name one soap.
38. Describe the structure of a soap molecule with the help of a diagram.
39. What change will you observe if you test soap solution with a litmus
paper?
40. What is detergent? Name one detergent.
41. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap?
42. What is the advantage of detergent over soaps for washing clothes?
Also state one disadvantage?
43. Describe the structure of a soap molecule with the help of a diagram?

4
 Chapter-4
Worksheet-2

Q.1. Pentane has the molecular formula . It has

(a) 5 covalent bonds
(b) 12 covalent bonds
(c) 16 covalent bonds
(d) 17 covalent bonds

Q.2. Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence
electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g., hydrogen. After the formation
of four bonds, carbo attains the electronic configuration of
(a) helium
(b) neon
(c) argon
(d) krypton

Q.3. The name of the compound − − is

(a) Propanal
(b) Propanone
(c) Ethanol
(d) Ethanal

Q.4. Structural formula of benzene is

Q.5. The hetero present in − − − − − are
(i) Oxygen
(ii) Carbon
(iii) Hydrogen
(iv) Chlorine
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Q.6. Structural formula of ethyne is
 Q.7. Which of the following is the correct representation of electron
dot structure of nitrogen?

Q.8.Which of the following are correct structural isomers of butane?

(a) (i) and (iii)

(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (ii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Q.9. Fill in the Blanks

Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s) in the
blank space(s).
a. Hydrogenation of vegetable oil is___________ reaction.
b. ____________ hydrocarbons decolourise brown colour of
bromine water.
c. ___________ and__________ are the two allotropes of
carbon.
d. Vinegar is___________ % solution of ethanoic acid in
water.
 e. Soaps react with hard water to form__________.
Q.10. True/False
Read each of the following statements and write if it is true or false.
1. The functional group of chloro alkane is —Cl.
2. The first member of alkyne homologous series is ethyne.
3. Heating ethanol at 443K with excess of conc. results in
the dehydration of ethanol to give cycloethane.
4. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms
of carbon, giving rise to large molecules.
5. The next higher homologue of ethanol is pentanol.
Q.11. Define allotropy.
Q.12. Which two of the following organic compounds belong to the
same homologous series?
, , ,
Q.13. Name the following compounds:
(a) − −
|
(b) − −
Q.14. What is a covalent bond? What type of bond exists in (i)
(ii) ?
Q.15. Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other
atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon.
Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements.
Give reasons.
Q.16. Select the hydrocarbons which are members of the same
homologous series. Give the name of each series.
, , , , .
Q.17. Write the names of the following compounds.

| | | | ||
(a) − − − − − −
| | | |

| |
(b) − − − ≡ −
| |

| | | | | | |
(c) − − − − − − − =
| | | | | |

| | | | |
(e) − − − − − −
| | | | |

Q.18. Why are unsaturated hydrocarbons more reactive than saturated

hydrocarbons?
Q.19. Write the name and molecular formula of an organic compound
having its name suffixed with ‘− ’ and having two carbon atoms in
the molecule. With the help of a balanced equation indicate what
happens when it is heated with excess of cone. .
Q.20. Name the gas evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium
carbonate. How would you identify this gas?